DR JACQUEMIN MARC CH.
PHYTO-NUTRITIONIST
SENIOR LECTURER
MEDICAL FACULTIES OF PARIS
XIII (FRANCE) AND BOLOGNA (ITALY)WWW.PHYTOTHERAPIE-JACQUEMIN.BE
WWW.CFNA.BE
Quail proteins to prevent allergies: an innovative and
effective nutrient
AN EPIDEMIC PHENOMENON
THE BANE OF THE NEW MILLENNIUM
Allergic reaction or more specifically allergic
inflammation
...milk from lamas, too? Allergicbisons Kangaroos That, too Aphid’s milk, too, Doctor!?!beavers That too, doctor
WHO?
“THEY”
BY WHOM?
“THEM”
They were not all dying from it but they were all afflicted by it
“THEY”
The The
organsorgans
� The respiratory region
�ENT region
�Pulmonary region
� The digestive tract: Man’s second brain
� The skin
� The eye
� ….
Organ affected Symptoms
Nosemucus in the nostrils (allergic rhinitis)
Sinus allergic sinusitis
EyesRedness and itching of the conjunctiva (allergic conjunctivitis)
Respiratory system
Sniffling, coughing, bronchial constriction, wheezing and shortness of breath, frequent asthma attacks, in severe cases of respiratory constriction due to laryngeal œdema.
EarsSensation of blocked ears, possibly pain and hearing difficulty due to non-drainage of the Eustachian tube.
Skin rashes, such as eczema and urticaria
Digestive problems abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea
“Them”
The The
allergensallergens
In children, in order of frequencyAll allergens combined�Dust mites (especially Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae) (10% of children!)�Grass pollen (orchard grass, timothy grass, ryegrass)�Cat hair�Cockroaches�Birch pollen (alder, birch, hornbeam, hazel)�Mould (Alternaria, Cladosporium)�Rabbit hair�Food allergies (3%) (particularly high-risk, as the allergen is often invisible)�Lavender (lavender essence)
Them
The The
allergensallergens
In children, in order of frequencyFood allergensThe percentages reflect the proportion of allergic children that are sensitive to this allergen
�Eggs (31 %)�Peanuts (18 %)�Fish (12 %)�Milk (12 %)�Soy, lentils, peas (3 %)�Beef (2 %)�Shellfish (2 %)�Mustard (2 %)�Hazelnuts (1.5 %)�Coconut (1.5 %)It may be concluded that allergic individuals are very often sensitive to numerous different allergens
Them
The The
allergensallergens
In adults, in order of frequencyFood allergens�Drupes (11%)�Umbelliferae (11%)�Eggs (8%)�Shellfish (8%)�Fish (7%)�Milk (5%)�Wheat (4%)�Legumes (3%)�Bananas (3%)�Avocado (3%)�Kiwi (2%)�Mussels (2%)�Potatoes (2%)�Sunflower (2%)�Beef (2%)�Peanuts (2%)
Evidence
� An allergic area
� An inflammatory area
► premature aging of tissue
► premature aging of the individual
Discussion: could autoimmunity be just one step away from allergic reaction?
Normal function Pathological function
Harmlessforeign substances example: food
Noreaction
Imm
une
syst
em
Imm
une
syst
em
Noreaction
Harmful foreign substances example: microbes
Constituents of the human body
Reaction
Reaction
Inadequate response
Harmlessforeign substances example: food
Harmful foreign substances example: microbes
Constituents of the human body
HypersensitivityAllergies
Immunode�ciency
Autoimmunity
Serine Proteases / Quail egg homogenate
� Serine proteases
� definition
� endogenous
� exogenous
�protease / antiprotease balance
� Quail egg homogenate
� serine protease inhibition
� ovomucoids
Serine proteases
There is a large body of recently published literature on serine
proteases
(trypsin and its trypsin-like protease counterparts)
Definition of serine proteases
proteolytic and pro-inflammatory enzymes involved in various physiological and pathological circumstances.
These enzymes occur ubiquitously in the body.
In a physiological state, the proteases and their natural inhibitors are in balance.
The disruption of this balance can derive from a congenital deficiency of this inhibitor or from chemical alteration.
proteases
There are two broad categories of proteases:
- endogenous
- exogenous.
Endogenous proteases
Endogenous proteases are extra- or intracellular:
- Extracellular proteases are represented by pancreatic trypsin;
- Intracellular proteases are mostly located in immunocompetent cells, particularly in connective-tissue mast cells and blood neutrophils.
Exogenous proteases
Exogenous protease intake varies widely
it includes
� food proteases
�drug proteases
�microbial proteases
�viral proteases
� fungal proteases
�dust mite proteases
�proteases from biting insects.
Protease-antiprotease balance
The physiological balance of proteases is maintained by the serine protease-antiprotease balance.
This balance can be disrupted in various situations:
- Chemical action (inhibitor oxidation)
- Smoking
- Genetic abnormalities (cystic fibrosis, hereditary pulmonary emphysema, etc.)
- Allergic diseases
- Skin diseases
The ovomucoid in quail egg whites
JACQUEMIN - 2014
Serine protease inhibition
�“Ovomucoid from the egg white of the Japanese B Mina quail = a powerful serine protease inhibitor
�the only ovomucoid in any bird egg with the ability to inhibit human trypsin.”
Uniqueness
A fraction of B Mina strain quail egg white has the ability to inhibit a human enzyme and its counterparts.
The ovomucoid of Japanese quail egg white performs 2 essential functions:
- non-specific or general anti-inflammatory activity in humans and animals
- specific anti-inflammatory & anti-allergic activity (30% of the population)
ESOC's action mechanism(ESOC = Standardised Quail's Egg Extract)
1. First contact 2. Reaction 3. Preparation
ESOC's action mechanism
4. Sensitisation 5. Allergy 6. Inhibiting action
General antiGeneral anti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activityactivity
� Trypsin⇒action on eosinophils
⇒ degranulation of pro-inflammatory metabolites
� Ovomucoids→by inhibiting the action of trypsin
on eosinophils, which are found everywhere (intestines; bronchial, nasal and conjunctival mucous membranes; skin; etc.)
→ block the secretion of inflammation metabolites and the creation of a vicious circle produced by feedback from the mobilisation of other eosinophils
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
AntiAnti--
allergic activityallergic activity
The allergen-IgE-Mast cell conflict
The allergen-IgE-Mast cell conflict
(or basophil)
• releases pre-formed granules
• and brings about the creation of newly-formed substances.
Prior to the discovery of IgE, the only allergy marker was eosinophil, which could be detected in
� nasal mucus,
� Conjunctival discharge,
� sputum,…
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activityactivity
AntiAnti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
Ishizaka a demonstrated
that by blocking mast cell membrane receptors
⇒inhibition release of histamine
- and proteases which are released simultaneously.
><
Failing this
� proteases play an inflammatory role
� and the newly-formed substances will release a pull-factor for eosinophils
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
antianti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
eosinophil activity
!!!!!!
�Eosinophils are the centre of activity in
�general inflammation
�and inflammatory allergic reaction,
together with neutrophils (lung and skin elastase,…)
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
antianti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
eosinophil activity
!!!!!!
Eosinophils
�Release cytotoxic factors
�play a major role in allergic inflammation
�are the most typical cells, whether of the skin, nostrils or bronchi
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
antianti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
eosinophil activity
!!!!!!
�its cytotoxicity causes cell damage, especially to mucous membranes
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
antianti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
eosinophil activity
!!!
Actually, this persistent cytotoxic activity, along with the involvement of proteases as a co-inductive factor of inflammation, apart from an acute clinical phase, accounts for the irreversible nature of allergic inflammation.
This inter-critical phase is characterised by non-manifestation of symptoms(irrespective of the allergy in question), during which time initial acute cell inflammation becomes sub-acute, chronic progressive inflammation.
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
antianti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
allergens
� The allergens are not likely to be inert proteins,
� but they are most likely to be serine proteases.
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
antianti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
Anti-
Protease activity
In a normal state, each person possesses his own antiproteases,
and this contributes to immune and homeostatic balance.
><
These inhibitors may be
� missing (an α 1 antitrypsin deficiency, for instance),
� impaired (smokers (development of bronchitis, followed by emphysema due to neutrophil elastase))
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
antianti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
Allergens
Protease activity
� inhaled allergens (serine proteases) are not neutralised by the body
� these allergens (pollen, dust mites, mould, etc…) amplify their inflammatory activity
� and by their protease activity trap the patient in a vicious circle
� which ovomucoid makes it possible to break.
AntiAnti--
inflammatory inflammatory
activity activity
antianti--
allergic allergic
activityactivity
Treatment by quail egg homogenate
� It is in light of the ineffectiveness of endogenous inhibitors against allergic attacks,
� that there is need for
�prevention prior to contact with an allergen/allergens
�Follow-through (maintenance) via long-term supplementation.
SUMMARY
Diagram showing the activity of this homogenate
Trypsin Eosinophils
IgE-mast cells Attraction of inflammation
Mast cells- eosinophils metabolites
allergens
Histamine
proteases
With ovomucoid from the egg white of the Japanese With ovomucoid from the egg white of the Japanese
B Mina quailB Mina quail
Trypsin Eosinophils
IgE-mast cells Attraction of inflammation
Mast cells- eosinophils metabolites
allergens
Histamine
proteases