Quality Assessment System for Textiles

8/8/2019 Quality Assessment System for Textiles

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Sahil Sharma

B.Tech(Textile Chemistry)-VII Sem


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Why do we

need any

standard ora system?


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Leve

lof

impro

v em

ent/

qu

alit y

Time

Without any system

Systematic Approach


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International Organization forStandardization It is a developer of internationalstandards.

It is not a government entity.


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ISO's name : In fact, "ISO" is a word,derived from

the Greek isos, meaning "equal .

From "equal" to "standard", the line ofthinking that

led to the choice of "ISO" as the name of

theorganization is easy to follow.

The scope of ISO is not limited to any

particularbranch; it covers all standardization

It is established in 1947.

Brief

introduction


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Benefittes Of ISO standards


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The certification refers to the issuing of

written assurance (the certificate) by an

independent external body that it has

audited a management system and verified

that it conforms to the requirements

specified in the standard.


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It means that the auditing body thenrecords the certification in its clientregister. So, the organizationsmanagement system has been bothcertified and registered.


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Accreditation is initial evaluation and

periodic review of the competence byCertifying Bodies for EMS Auditors.


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How to get the

certificate ?

Auditing

Certification


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Section I - Company Information

Section II - Additional Company Information

Section IV The ISO Certification

Section III - Quality System Information


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i. Dateii. Company Nameiii. Address

iv. Cityv. Statevi. Zipvii. Contact Name

viii.Phone and ext.ix. E-mail

Company Information


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i. Is your company a part of large organizationii. Please list the facilities you wish to include in your

certification

iii. Site nameiv. Zipv. No. of Employeesvi. No. of Shifts

Additional Company

Information


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i. Please briefly describe your company's products or services

ii. Is the facility(s) to be certified involved in design?

iii. Please check the standard(s) you wish to be registered to:

a. ISO 9001:2008

b. ISO 14001:2004

c. ISO/IEC 20000

d. TS16949

vi. Is your company currently certified?

vii. If yes, which standard(s) -a. By whom?

b. When is your next audit?

c. Is it a Renewal or Surveillance Audit?

Quality System Information


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A. Report of Process self audits

B. Pre-certification audit analysis

The ISO CertificationProcess


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Certification Flow Chart

Application

Determine

Standards

SampleSelection

ComplianceEvaluation

Final DesignDocumentation

In-Plant

Monitoring

ProductionMeetsSpec.?

AuthorizeMarking

CorrectiveAction

YES

NO


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The ISO 9000 family addresses "Qualitymanagement".

The customer's quality requirement.

Applicable regulatory requirements .

Enhance customer satisfaction .

Achieve continual improvement of its

performance in pursuit of these objectives.


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Identify Current management systems

(Quality, Health &Safety)

Identifying the Operating System

Documents key information

Identify regulatory compliances permits andgovernment reports

The process approach


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Environmentalmanagement".

This means what the organization does to:

Minimize harmful effects on the environment caused

by its activities.

Achieve continual improvement of its environmental

performance.


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oReduced cost of waste management.oSavings in consumption of energy and materialsoLower distribution costs .oImproved corporate image among regulators,

customers and the public .oFramework for Continual improvement ofenvironmental

performance.


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An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO14001:2004 is a management tool enabling anorganization of any size or type to:

Identify and control the environmental impact ofits activities, products or services, and to

Improve its environmental performancecontinually, and to

Implement a systematic approach to setting

environmental objectives and targets, toachieving these and to demonstrating that they


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Environmental policy

Planning

Implementation

and operation

Continual Improvement

Management review

Checking and

corrective action


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ISO TC/38 For Fastness

ISO TC/94 Sc13 For Protective Clothing ISO TC 219 For Floor Covering ISO 13934-38 For Mechanical/Physical Properties


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ISO 105-A01:1994 Textiles -- Testsfor colour fastness

Part A01: General principles of testing

Part A02: Grey scale for assessing change in colourPart A03: Grey scale for assessing stainingPart A04: Instrumental assessment of change incolour for determination of grey scale rating

ISO 105-B01:1994 Textiles -- Testsfor colour fastness

Part B01: Colour fastness to

light: DaylightPart B02: Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arc

fading lamp testPart B03: Colour fastness to weathering: Outdoor


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ISO 105-C01:1989 Textiles -- Tests for colourfastness -- Part C01: Colour fastness towashing: Test 1

ISO 105-D01:1993 Textiles -- Tests for colour fastness

-- Part D01: Colour fastness to drycleaningPart D02: Colour fastness to rubbing: OrganicsolventsISO 105-E01:1994 Textiles -- Tests for colour

fastness -- Part E01: Colour fastness to waterPart E02: Colour fastness to sea waterPart E03: Colour fastness to chlorinated water(swimming-pool water)


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rt-E04:Colourfastness to Perspiration.

105-E06):Colour fastness to spotting:Alkali.

105-N01:Colour fastness to bleaching:Hypochlorite.rt-N02:Colour fastness to bleaching:Peroxide.

105-X12:Colour fastness to rubbing.


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Colour fastness to artificial light: Xenon arcfading

lamp test A specimen of the textile to be tested

is exposed to artificial light under prescribedconditions, along with a set of blue woolreferences. The colour fastness is assessed bycomparing the change in colour of thetest specimen with that of the referencesused.

For white (bleached or opticallybrightened) textiles, the colour fastness isassessed by comparing the change in

whiteness of the specimens with that of the


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Modernxenon arcfading lamp


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(ISO 105-E06)

Colour fastness to spotting:Alkali

Drops of a solution of sodium carbonate are placed onthe specimen, the surface of which is rubbed gentlywith a glass rod to ensure penetration.The change in

colour of the textile is assessed with the grey scale.


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(ISO 105-N01)

Colour fastness tobleaching:Hypochlorite

A specimen of the textile is agitated in a solutionof sodium or lithium hypochlorite, rinsed in water,agitated in a hydrogen peroxide solution orsodium hydrogen sulfite solution, rinsed and

dried.The change in colour is assessed with thegrey scale.


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(ISO 105-N02)

Colour fastness tobleaching:Peroxide

A specimen of the textile in contact withone or two specified adjacent fabrics isimmersed in the bleaching solution, rinsed anddried. The change in colour of the specimen

and the staining of the adjacent fabric(s) areassessed with the grey scales.


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(ISO 105-X12):

Colour fastness to rubbing

Specimens of the textile are rubbed with a dryrubbing cloth and with a wet rubbing cloth.Twoalternative sizes of rubbing finger are specified,

one for pile fabrics and one for other textiles.Thisstaining of the rubbing cloths is assessed with thegrey scale.


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ELECTRONIC CROCK METER


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Crocking - A transfer of colorant from the surfaceof a colored yarn or fabric to another surface or toan adjacent area of the same fabric principally by

rubbing. Although a physical process, the primary

evaluation is for appearance (color)

Wet and dry evaluation typically performed

applicable to many textile materials including dyeand printed fabrics, carpeting, and automotiveinterior materials


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Suitable apparaturs referring toAATCC TM 8

Wet and Dry Test specified


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Recommended specimen size 5cm by 13cm Wet and dry tests are specified

Mount white test cloth with the weave parallel to

the direction of rubbing Run test for 10 complete turns

Evaluate the white test cloth using the Gray Scalefor staining


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ISO Standards

ISO 105 E01: Colorfastness to water

ISO 105 E04: Colorfastness to perspiration Colour fastness to domestic and commercial laundering

(ISO 105-C06)

Colour fastness to dry cleaning (ISO 105-D01)

Spray test (EN 24920)


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ISO 105-E01

Colourfastness to Water : Definition:

Resistance of the colour to immersion in water Procedure:

A water wetted specimen between two adjacent fabricsand placed between two plates is submitted to apressure of 12.5 kPa for 4 hours at 37 + 2 C

Asessment:Change in Colour of the specimen and staining of the

adjacend fabrics with the Grey Scales


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ISO 105-E04

Colourfastness to Perspiration: Definition:

Resistance of the colour to the action of humanperspiration

Procedure:

A with acid or alkaline histidine solutions wettedspecimen between two adjacent fabrics and placed

between two plates is submitted to a pressure of12.5 kPa for 4 hours at 37 + 2 C

Assessment:

Change in Colour of the specimen and staining of the

adjacend fabrics with the Grey Scales.


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PRESPIRATION TESTER WITH GREY

SCALE

(ISO 105 C06)


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(ISO 105-C06)

Colour fastness to domestic and

commerciallaunderingA specimen of the textile in contact with

specified adjacent fabric or fabrics islaundered, rinsed and dried.

PROCEDURE OF LAUNDERING:Specimens are laundered under

appropriate conditions of temperature,alkalinity, bleaching and abrasive action such

that the result is obtained in a convenientlyshort time.The abrasive action isaccomplished by the use of a low liquor ratioand an appropriate number of steel balls.

After drying the change in colour of the

specimen and the staining of the adjacent


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(ISO 105-D01)

Colour fastness to dry cleaning

A specimen of the textile in contact with a cotton fabricbag together with non-corrodible steel discs is agitated

in perchloroethylene, then squeezed or centrifuged,and dried in hot air.The change in colour of thespecimen is assessed with the grey scale for assessingchange in colour.At the conclusion of the test, the

coloration of the solvent is assessed by comparing thefiltered solvent with un-used solvent by transmittedlight, by means of the grey scale for assessing staining.


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A specified volume of distilled or fully deionized water

is sprayed on a test specimen which has been

mounted on a ring and placed at an angle of 45 sothat the centre of the specimen is at a specifieddistance below the spray nozzle.The spray rating isdetermined by comparing the appearance of the

specimen with descriptive standards and photographs.


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ISO/TC 219FLOOR COVERINGS

Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing

and to pilling (ISO 12945-1, 2, ASTM D 3512):


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Determination of fabric propensity to surface fuzzing and

to pilling (ISO 12945-1, 2, ASTM D 3512):

At ISO 12945-2, a circular test specimen is passed over a friction

surface comprising the same fabric or, when relevant, a wool abradantfabric, at a defined force with the test specimen able to rotate easily

around and axis through its centre, perpendicular to the plane of the

test specimen.Fuzzing and pilling are assessed visually after defined

stages of rub testing.


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ISO 12945-1

ISO 12945-2


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T il P i f f b i


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Tensile Properties of fabrics:

etermination of maximum force and elongation atmaximum force using the strip method (ISO 13934-1)

etermination of maximum force using the grape method(ISO 13934-2)

The method is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics . It can beapplicable to fabrics produced by other techniques. It is notnormally applicable to woven elastic fabrics, geo-textiles, non-woven, coated fabrics, textile-glass woven fabrics and fabricsmade from carbon fibres or polyolefin tape yarn . The methodspecifies the determination of the maximum force and elongationat maximum force of test specimens in equilibrium with thestandard atmosphere for testing and of test specimens in the wetstate.

The method is restricted to the use of constant rate of extension


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Instron

Instron


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Preparation, marking and measuring of

fabric specimens and garments in tests

for determination of dimensional

change (ISO 3759):

Test specimens are selected to represent the bulk of the textile under

examination.Pairs of reference points are marked on each specimen

and the distance between each pair of reference points is measured

before and after specified treatments.


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Tear properties of fabrics:

Elmendorf(ISO 13937-1)

The test is mainly applicable to woven textile fabrics . It may beapplicable to fabrics produced by other techniques, e.g. To

nonwovens (with the same under-mentioned restrictions as for thewoven fabrics).It general the test is not applicable to knitted fabricsand woven elastic fabrics . It is not suitable for highly anisotropicfabrics or loose fabrics where tear transfer from one direction to another direction of the fabric during the tear test is likely to occur.


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B ti ti f f b i


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Bursting properties of fabrics:

Hydraulic method for determination of burstingstrength and bursting distension (ISO 13938-1)

The method is applicable to knitted, woven, nonwovenand laminated fabrics.It may be suitable for fabricsproduced by other techniques.The test is suitable for

test specimens in the conditioned or wet state. From theavailable data there appears to be no significantdifference in the bursting strength results achievedusing hydraulic burst tester, for pressures up to800kPa.This pressure range covers the majority of

performance levels expected of general apparel.Forspecialty textiles requiring high bursting pressures, thehydraulic apparatus is more suitable.


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An European analytical systemfor testing harmful substances.


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International association for research and

testing in the field of textile ecology.

In 1980 Australian Textile Research Institute(OTI) in Vienna started testing and analysing

harmful substances in garments and carpetsLater they make oko-tex standards

according to their analysis.

There are 17 testing centers all over world.


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Textiles and garment products are tested based ontheir ecological properties on humans.

The standard includes analysis of known harmful

substances.

Sample is passed when values of harmfulsubstances are within prescribed limits.

And applicant is awarded the authorization to labelhis product as being passed for harmfulsubstances according OkoTex Standard 100.
http://16132_grenzwerte.pdf/http://16132_grenzwerte.pdf/


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Oko - Tex International group of testing

authorities has brought transparency to the fieldwith three oko tex standards:-

1.Oko-tex standard 100:- for final products.2.Oko-tex standard 1000:- for factories.

3. Oko-tex standard 100 plus :- for the supply

chain as a whole.


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The products should be free fromallergic dyes.

They comply with the same pesticide

limitswhich we apply to fruit and

vegetables.

Under the effect of perspiration, theywill at

most release no more heavy metals


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http://www.reachready.co.uk/REACHReassurance.php


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An overview of
http://www.reachready.co.uk/REACHReassurance.php


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Regulation (EC) no. 1907/2006 concerning theRegistration, Evaluation, Authorisationand Restriction of Chemicals

Background to REACHNew EU Regulation that became law in the UKon 1

June 2007Its big and broad in scope AND

Its not just for the chemical sector


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The broad nature of REACH:

environmental protectionenvironment-related public

health

worker protectionwork-related public healthconsumer protection


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10 years in the making

Set against a lack of knowledge onchemicals.

Aims to ensure a high level ofprotection of human health and the

environment


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This Regulation is based on theprinciple that it is formanufacturers, importers and

downstream users to ensure thatthey manufacture, place on themarket or use such substances thatdo not adversely affect human

health or the environment


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No data, no market

All information on hazard and riskmanagementshould be systematically conveyed through

the supplychain.

Substances of high concern should bereplaced with

safer alternatives


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Physico-chemical testing

Toxicological testingEco-toxicological testingEnvironmental fateResidues testing and analysis


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Alkylphenolethoxylates (APEOs) linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS), bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl) dimethyl

ammonium chloride (DTDMAC), distearyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DSDMAC),

di(hardened tallow) dimethyl ammonium chloride(DHTDMAC),

ethylene diamine tetra acetate (EDTA), and Diethylene triamine penta acetate (DTPA)


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4-aminodiphenyl (92-67-1)Benzidine (92-87-5)4-chloro-o-toluidine (95-69-2)

2-naphthylamine (91-59-8)o-amino-azotoluene (97-56-3)2-amino-4-nitrotoluene (99-55-8)p-chloroaniline (106-47-82,4-diaminoanisol (615-05-4)4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane (101-77-9)

3,3-dichlorobenzidine (91-94-1)3,3-dimethoxybenzidine (119-90-4)3,3-dimethylbenzidine (119-93-7)3,3-dimethyl-4,4- diaminodiphenylmethane (838-88-0)p-cresidine (120-71-8)4,4-methylene-bis-(2-chloraniline) (101-14-4)

4,4-oxydianiline (101-80-4)4,4-thiodianiline (139-65-1)o-toluidine (95-53-4)2,4-diaminotoluene (95-80-7)2,4,5-trimethylaniline (137-17-7)4-aminoazobenzene (60-09-3)

o-anisidine (90-04-0)


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C.I. Basic Red 9 C.I. Disperse Blue 1 C.I. Acid Red 26

C.I. Basic Violet 14 C.I. Disperse Orange 11 C. I. Direct Black 38 C. I. Direct Blue 6

C. I. Direct Red 28 C. I. Disperse Yellow 3


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The levels of ionic impurities in the dyes used shall not exceed thefollowing:

Ag 100ppm; As 50 ppm; Ba 100 ppm; Cd 20 ppm; Co 500 ppm; Cr 100 ppm; Cu 250 ppm; Fe 2500 ppm; Hg 4 ppm; Mn 1000 ppm; Ni 200 ppm; Pb 100 ppm; Se 20 ppm; Sb 50ppm; Sn 250 ppm; Zn 1500 ppm.

Any metal that is included as an integral part of the dye molecule(e.g. metal complex dyes, certain reactive dyes, etc.) shall not be


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Time line1 June 2007 REACH came into force (though

only supply chain related duties apply)1 June 2008 All other duties (apart fromrestrictions) apply1 June 2008 Registration for new substances starts

1 June to 30 Nov 2008 Pre-registration for existingsubstances1 Dec 2008 Registration for existing substances(that have not been pre-registered) starts

1 Dec 2008 REACH Enforcement Regulations 2008come into force1 June 2009 Restrictions provisions apply1 June 2009 Annex XIV published1 Dec 2010 Deadline for Phase 1 registrations


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Telephone: 0845 408 9575

E-mail:[email protected]: UK REACH CA Helpdesk

2.3 Redgrave Court, BootleMerseyside, L20 7HS

www.hse.gov.uk/reach


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REACH is here

It could impact on your business

its not just for the chemical sector


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We need THIRD-PARTIES which provide independent

assurance of a products quality, performance, safety,

or suitability for end use.


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www.iso.org

www.isowikipedia.org

ISO9000Council.org ( [email protected])

Authorstream.com

ISO14000council.org

www.iso.org

REFERENCES :


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www.oekotex.com

www.google.com

www.hse.gov.uk/reach


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