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1/12 IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia) Quality - Aware Millimeter - Wave Device - to - Device Multi - Hop Routing for 5G Cellular Networks Joongheon ( Joon ) Kim and Andreas F. Molisch Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) Sydney, Australia, June 2014
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Page 1: Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device Multi-Hop ...

1/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Device-to-Device

Multi-Hop Routing for 5G Cellular Networks

Joongheon (Joon) Kim and Andreas F. Molisch

Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

Sydney, Australia, June 2014

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Introduction

β€’ Millimeter (Mm-Wave) transmission has been actively studied for 5G cellular systems

β€’ Objective: Increasing capacity based on ultra-wide channel bandwidth

β€’ Thus, next generation phones will be equipped with mm-wave RF.

β€’ Question

If device-to-device (D2D) video streaming is performed over the mm-wave enabled phones,

What kinds of algorithms are required?

β€’ Multi-hop routing mechanisms are required due to its propagation characteristics.

β€’ Therefore,

β€’ A Quality-Aware Millimeter-Wave Multi-Hop Routing Algorithm is investigated.

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3/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Preliminaries

A Reference Network Model

Relay

π’“πŸ

π’—πŸ“

Wall

Multi-Hop Routing is required in Mm-Wave D2D tocombat non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations

Multi-Hop Routing is required in

Mm-Wave D2D toenable long-distance transmission

Why Multi-Hop Routing is required for Mm-Wave D2D Communications?

π’—πŸ’ π’—πŸ”

π’—πŸ‘

π’—πŸ

π’—πŸ

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Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Mathematical Modeling

Objective Function

π‘ π‘˜βˆˆπ‘‰π‘ 

π‘žπ‘˜ π‘“π‘ π‘˜β†’π‘£π‘ π‘˜Maximize:

π’”π’Œ π’…π’Œ

Flow from π’”π’Œ to 𝒗 originated by π’”π’Œ

𝒗

β€¦β€¦π’‡π’”π’Œβ†’π’—π’”π’Œ π’‡π’—β†’π’—πŸ

π’”π’Œπ’‡π’—πŸβ†’π’—πŸ

π’”π’Œ

π’—πŸ

π’‡π’—π’β†’π’…π’Œ

π’”π’Œ

The Quality Function of the

Flow Originated by π‘ π‘˜

Maximize the sum of the qualities of all give flows

Summation of the Qualities

of All Flows

(𝑉𝑠 is a set of sources)

Source π’”π’Œ Session π’Œ Destination π’…π’Œ

Two Types of Quality Functions

Flow amount Flow amount

Quality Quality

π‘žπ‘˜ βˆ™ π‘žπ‘˜ βˆ™

π‘€π‘˜ π‘€π‘˜

π‘“π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯π‘ π‘˜ π‘“π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯

π‘ π‘˜

Linear

FormNonlinear

(Concave)

Form

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5/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Constraint #1: Device Constraints

π’”π’Œ …… π’—π’Š

𝐿𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗 = 1,0,

if 𝑣𝑖 sends data to 𝑣𝑗otherwise

𝒗𝒋 …… π’…π’Œ

π‘ π‘˜β‰ π‘£

πΏπ‘ π‘˜β†’π‘£ = 1, βˆ€π‘ π‘˜

Each source π‘ π‘˜ should

send data to the one of

the other nodes:

π‘£β‰ π‘‘π‘˜

πΏπ‘£β†’π‘‘π‘˜= 1, βˆ€π‘‘π‘˜

Each destination π‘‘π‘˜ should

receive data from the one of

the other nodes:

𝒗𝒍

In intermediate nodes,

If it receives data, it should transmit the data,

and visa versa, i.e.,

𝑣𝑖≠𝑣𝑗

𝐿𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗 = 𝑣𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝐿𝑣𝑗→𝑣𝑙

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6/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Constraint #2: Relay Constraints

… …

π‘£β‰ π‘Ÿπ‘˜

πΏπ‘£β†’π‘Ÿπ‘˜ ≀ 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑅π‘₯

The number of incoming flows is limited by

the number of receiver RF 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑅π‘₯ chains:

Relay

π’“π’Œ

π‘Ÿπ‘˜β‰ π‘£

πΏπ‘Ÿπ‘˜β†’π‘£ ≀ 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑇π‘₯

The number of outgoing flows is limited by

the number of transmitter RF 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑇π‘₯ chains:

Each antenna has a connection to one device only.

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Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Constraint #3: Flow Constraints

… …

Relay

𝒓𝒋The amount of

Incoming Traffic

The amount of

Outgoing TrafficThe amount of

Incoming Traffic

The amount of

Outgoing Traffic

The amounts of incoming traffic and outgoing traffic should be same:

𝒗𝒋

In each device π‘£π‘˜,

In each relay π‘Ÿπ‘˜,

𝑣𝑖≠𝑣𝑗

𝑓𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗

π‘ π‘˜ = 𝑣𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝑓𝑣𝑗→𝑣𝑙

π‘ π‘˜ , βˆ€π‘ π‘˜

π‘£π‘–β‰ π‘Ÿπ‘—

π‘“π‘£π‘–β†’π‘Ÿπ‘—

π‘ π‘˜ = π‘Ÿπ‘—β‰ π‘£π‘™

π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘—β†’π‘£π‘™

π‘ π‘˜ , βˆ€π‘ π‘˜

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Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Constraint #3: Flow Constraints (Continued), Capacity Calculation

π’‡π’—π’Šβ†’π’—π’‹

π’”π’Œπ’—π’Š 𝒗𝒋

Limited by Link Capacity: 𝐢 𝑣𝑖,𝑣𝑗= 𝐡 βˆ™ log2 1 + 𝑆𝑁𝑅

π‘ƒπ‘ π‘–π‘”π‘›π‘Žπ‘™,𝑑𝐡 βˆ’ π‘ƒπ‘›π‘œπ‘–π‘ π‘’,𝑑𝐡

π‘ƒπ‘ π‘–π‘”π‘›π‘Žπ‘™,𝑑𝐡 = 𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃 + 𝐺𝑅π‘₯ + 𝐿 𝑑

β€’ 𝐸𝐼𝑅𝑃: 47 dBm in 38GHz

β€’ 𝐺𝑅π‘₯: Rx antenna gain (25 dBm in relays, 13.3 dBm in phones)

β€’ 𝐿 𝑑 : path loss model which is formulated as

where 𝑑0 = 5m (unit distance), Ξ» is wavelength, 𝑛 is path-loss

coefficient, π‘‹πœŽ is a shadowing (Gaussian) random variables.

𝐿 𝑑 = 20 log104πœ‹π‘‘0

Ξ»+10𝑛 log10

𝑑

𝑑0+π‘‹πœŽ

π‘ƒπ‘›π‘œπ‘–π‘ π‘’,𝑑𝐡 = 10 log10 π‘˜π΅π‘‡π‘’ βˆ™ 𝐡 + 𝐹𝑁

β€’ π‘˜π΅π‘‡π‘’: noise power spectral density (-174dBm/Hz)

β€’ 𝐹𝑁: Rx noise figure (set to 6 dB)

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9/12IEEE ICC 2014 (Sydney, Australia)

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

Mathematical Optimization Formulation

Quality-Aware Mm-Wave D2D Multi-Hop Routing

π‘ π‘˜βˆˆπ‘‰π‘ 

π‘žπ‘˜ π‘“π‘ π‘˜β†’π‘£π‘ π‘˜Maximize:

Subject to

π‘ π‘˜β‰ π‘£

πΏπ‘ π‘˜β†’π‘£ = 1, βˆ€π‘ π‘˜ π‘£β‰ π‘‘π‘˜

πΏπ‘£β†’π‘‘π‘˜= 1, βˆ€π‘‘π‘˜

𝑣𝑖≠𝑣𝑗

𝐿𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗 = 𝑣𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝐿𝑣𝑗→𝑣𝑙

π‘£β‰ π‘Ÿπ‘˜

πΏπ‘£β†’π‘Ÿπ‘˜ ≀ 𝑁𝑅𝐹𝑅π‘₯

π‘Ÿπ‘˜β‰ π‘£πΏπ‘Ÿπ‘˜β†’π‘£ ≀ 𝑁𝑅𝐹

𝑇π‘₯

𝑣𝑖≠𝑣𝑗

𝑓𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗

π‘ π‘˜ = 𝑣𝑗≠𝑣𝑙

𝑓𝑣𝑗→𝑣𝑙

π‘ π‘˜ , βˆ€π‘ π‘˜

π‘£π‘–β‰ π‘Ÿπ‘—

π‘“π‘£π‘–β†’π‘Ÿπ‘—

π‘ π‘˜ = π‘Ÿπ‘—β‰ π‘£π‘™

π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘—β†’π‘£π‘™

π‘ π‘˜ , βˆ€π‘ π‘˜

π’‡π’—π’Šβ†’π’—π’‹

π’”π’Œ ≀ π‘ͺ π’—π’Š,𝒗𝒋

Max-Min Multi-Hop Flow Routing

𝑄Maximize:

where 𝑸 ≀ π’‡π’—π’Šβ†’π’—π’‹

π’”π’Œ

Even though max-min multi-hop flow routing is widely

used for quality-aware applications, it cannot

consider the differentiated quality functions of the

given individual flows.

This formulation is mixed integer disciplined convex

programming where the given integers are 0-1 binary

(i.e., 𝐿𝑣𝑖→𝑣𝑗 = 0,1 ), i.e., branch-and-bound is

widely used in literatures to obtain optimal solutions.

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Performance Evaluation

Parameters, Settings, and Results

β€’ Parameters

β€’ Carrier frequency: 38 GHz

β€’ In 25 dBi Rx antenna (for relays),β€’ 𝑛 is 2.20 in LOS and 3.88 in NLOS

β€’ 𝜎 is 10.3 in LOS and 14.6 in NLOS

β€’ In 13.3 dBi Rx antenna (for phones),β€’ 𝑛 is 2.21 in LOS and 3.18 in NLOS

β€’ 𝜎 is 9.40 in LOS and 11.0 in NLOS

β€’ Settings

β€’ 20 number of phones; 5 number of relays

β€’ Each relay has 4 Tx RF and 4 Rx RF

β€’ 4 sessions with various quality functions

Parameters and Settings Performance Evaluation

β€’ The proposed algorithm (differentiated quality consideration (DQC)) is

compared with max-min scheme routing (MmF).

β€’ Average throughput of DQC & MmF, i.e.,𝐸 𝑇𝐷𝑄𝐢|π‘π‘˜ & 𝐸 π‘‡π‘€π‘šπΉ|π‘π‘˜depending on link failure probability π‘π‘˜

DQC presents 33% better average

throughput compared to max-min

flow routing.

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Conclusions and Future Work

β€’ We propose a millimeter-wave multi-hop routing protocol for 5G cellular systems:

β€’ Assisted by multi-antenna relays

β€’ Quality-Awareness is introduced

β€’ Differentiated quality metrics for individual flows are taken account (better performance than max-min routing)

β€’ 33% performance improvement compared to max-min flow routing

β€’ Future research direction

β€’ Conducting further research for the other 5G frequency, i.e., 28 GHz, as well.

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Q&A

β€’ For more questions,

please email to

[email protected], [email protected]


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