Science Quarter 1 – Module 8
Evidence of Plate Movement
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Science Quarter 1 – Module 8
Evidence of Plate Movement
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Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 8: Evidence of Plate Movement
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module
Writer : Jasmin P. Fabillar
Editors : Juvimar E. Montolo and Juvy M. Suello
Reviewer : Florencio Labiste
Layout Artist : Jasmin P. Fabillar
Management Team:
Schools Division Superintendent – Dr. Marilyn S. Andales, CESO V
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent – Dr. Cartesa M. Perico
– Dr. Ester A. Futalan
– Dr. Leah B. Apao
Chief, CID – Dr. Mary Ann P. Flores
EPS in LRMS – Mr. Isaiash T. Wagas
EPS in Science – Mrs. Juvimar E. Montolo
Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province Office Address : IPHO Bldg., Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax : (032) 255-6405
E-mail Address : [email protected]
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Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Evidence of Plate Movement.
This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by
educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.
Notes to the Teacher
This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the
learners.
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For the learner:
Welcome to the Science 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on
Evidence of Plate Movement.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:
What I Need to Know
This will give you an idea of the skills
or competencies you are expected to
learn in the module.
What I Know
This part includes an activity that aims
to check what you already know about
the lesson. If you get all the answers
correctly (100%), you may decide to
skip this module.
What’s In
This is a brief drill or review to help
you link the current lesson with the
previous one.
What’s New
In this portion, the new lesson will be
introduced to you in various ways such
as a story, a song, a poem, a problem
opener, an activity, or a situation.
What is It
This section provides a brief
discussion of the lesson. This aims to
help you discover and understand new
concepts and skills.
What’s More
This comprises activities for
independent practice to solidify your
understanding and skills of the topic.
You may check the answers to the
exercises using the Answer Key at the
end of the module.
What I Have Learned
This includes questions or blank
sentences/paragraphs to be filled to
process what you learned from the
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lesson.
What I Can Do
This section provides an activity that
will help you transfer your new
knowledge or skill into real-life
situations or concerns.
Assessment
This is a task which aims to evaluate
your level of mastery in achieving the
learning competency.
Additional Activities
In this portion, another activity will be
given to you to enrich your knowledge
or skill of the lesson learned.
Answer Key
This contains answers to all activities
in the module.
At the end of this module you will also find:
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not
alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
References This is a list of all sources used in
developing this module.
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What I Need to Know
Unit I
Module 8
(Week 8)
Most Essential Learning Competency
S10ES-Ia-j-36.6 enumerate the lines of evidence
that support plate movement
THE THEORY OF PLATE TECTONICS
What this module is about…
What causes tectonic plates to move? The Plate Tectonic Theory provided
an explanation about the movement of the lithospheric plates.
The theory of plate tectonics states that the Earth's solid outer crust, the
lithosphere, is separated into plates that move over the asthenosphere, the molten
upper portion of the mantle. Oceanic and continental plates come together, spread
apart, and interact at boundaries all over the planet.
There is variety of evidence that supports the claims those plate
tectonics accounts for (1) the distribution of fossils on different continents, (2) the
occurrence of earthquakes, and (3) continental and ocean floor features including
mountains, volcanoes, faults, and trenches.
Convection current is a process which involves the movement of energy from
one place to another. The convection currents tend to move a fluid or gas particles
from one place to another. These are created as a result of the differences occurring
within the densities and temperature of a specific gas or a fluid.
In this module, we will study thoroughly the framework that will enable us to
understand how and why several features of the Earth continuously change. This
theory is what we call “Plate Tectonics.” This describes and enumerates the lines of
evidence that support plate movement.
Content Plate Tectonic Theory
Convection Current
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In this module, you should be able to:
1. Enumerate the lines of evidence that support plate movement.
2. Explain what causes the tectonic plates to move.
3. Give the importance of the creation of convection current underneath the
earth.
Here is a simple guide for you in going about the module:
1. Read and follow instructions carefully.
2. Read each lesson and do activities that are provided for you.
3. Activities and/or exercises are given to deepen your understanding of the concept and to develop your skills. Take time in doing this.
4. Take note of important ideas and points for clarification.
5. Do not forget to answer the assessment and see how much you have learned.
What I Know
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.
1. When a ship passes over seafloor that has a 'reverse' magnetic polarization, how does this effect the magnetic field reading? a. The magnetic field is directed east. b. The magnetic field is south. c. The strength of the magnetic field I slightly stronger than usual. d. The strength of the magnetic field is slightly weaker than usual.
2. What is the character of magnetic anomalies on the seafloor? a. They occur in stripes that parallel mid-ocean ridges and are offset along transform faults. b. They occur in stripes that run perpendicular to mid-ocean ridges and parallel transform faults. c. They occur in stripes that run perpendicular to continental margins and parallel to transform faults. d. They occur stripes that parallel transform faults and end at mid-ocean ridges.
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3. What theory did magnetic anomalies on the seafloor give rise to? a. Continental drift c. convection current b. Plate Tectonics d. Seafloor spreading
4. What does plate tectonic theory predict about the distribution of volcanoes and earthquakes? a. They should be evenly distributed throughout the earth. b. They should occur primarily along plate boundaries. c. They should primarily in deep basins. d. They should only occur along continental margins.
5. Convection within the _______ causes the plates to move.
a. Mantle c. Inner core
b. Ocean d. Crust
6. Which of the following diagrams bets illustrates the convection occurring in the
mantle?
7. Which of these is NOT a correct explanation for how convection works? a. Hotter fluids rise above colder fluids b. Less dense fluids rise above denser fluids c. Colder fluids sink below hotter fluids d. Less dense fluid sinks below denser fluids
8. In which states (phases) of matter can convection happen? a. Solids, liquids and gases c. Solids and gases b. Liquids and gases d. Liquids only
9. ___________ occurs when heat is transferred into an object through motion or movement; an example would be boiling water. a. conduction c. radiation b. convection d. subduction 10. Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth’s ____. a. continents c. lithosphere b. mantle d. inner core
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What’s In Learning is fun!
Plate Tectonic Theory
Geologists have hypothesized that the movement of tectonic plates is
related to convection currents in the earth's mantle. Tremendous heat and pressure
within the earth cause the hot magma to flow in convection currents.
These currents cause the movement of the tectonic plates that make up the earth's
crust.
The Plate Tectonic Theory provided an explanation about the movement of the lithospheric plates. This theory evolved from the two former theories and was developed during the first decades of the 20th century.
The Earth’s lithosphere is divided into several plates. These plates ride over
the weak asthenosphere. There are three types of plate movements – separation of two plates (divergent), collision of two plates (convergent), and sliding past each other (transform). What facilitates the movement of the plates?
Heat is produced in the core that produces convection in the mantle. This convection causes the plate to move around. Where convection currents diverge near the Earth’s crust, plates move apart. When convection currents converge, plates move towards each other. The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the Earth, is called the theory of plate tectonics. Convection Current
Mantle convection drives plate tectonics. Hot material rises at mid-ocean
ridges and sinks at deep sea trenches, which keeps the plates moving along the
Earth’s surface.
Mantle convection is the very slow creeping motion of Earth's solid
silicate mantle caused by convection currents carrying heat from the interior to the
planet's surface. The Earth's surface lithosphere rides atop the asthenosphere and
the two form the components of the upper mantle.
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What’s New
Push me up and aside! Objectives
• Explain what causes the tectonic plates to move.
• Enumerate the factors that cause tectonic plates to move.
• Give the importance to the creation of convection current underneath the
Earth.
Materials
• Dropper
• Food color
• 1000 mL beaker ( in unavailability, container can be casserole, an empty
can )
• 700 mL water (2 cups of water)
• 3-5 small / light wood blocks
• Alcohol burner (lamp) & tripod
Procedure
1. Pour 700 mL water into the beaker / container.
2. Place the beaker / container on an alcohol burner and heat it. Give ample time
for the water to heat up.
Warning:
• For heating, use glassware/container that is meant to be used for that
purpose.
• Wear heat resistant gloves to protect your hands.
• To avoid burns, do not handle heated glassware or materials directly. Use
tongs, test-tube holders, or heat-resistant gloves or mitts.
• Do not pour hot liquids into plastic containers.
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3. Add few drops of food coloring to the water in the beaker.
4. Looking from the side of the container / beaker, observe what happens in the
water.
5. Put several light woods blocks in the center of the heated near to boiling
water.
6. Illustrate you observations.
Q1. How does the food coloring behave?
Q2. What do you call this behavior?
Q3. Enumerate the factors that cause the formation of a current.
Q4. What happens to the blocks? What does this resemble?
Q5. What is the importance of the convection current underneath the
Earth?
What is It
Convection currents are the result of differential heating. Lighter (less
dense), warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this
movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the
atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth.
This flow, called mantle convection, is an important method of heat
transport within the Earth. Mantle convection is the driving mechanism for plate
tectonics, which is the process ultimately responsible for producing earthquakes,
mountain ranges, and volcanos on Earth.
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Source: www2.chilton.k12.wi.us
Convection Current in the Mantle
Ridge push is a process as an oceanic crust move away from a divergent
boundary; it becomes denser than the newer oceanic crust. As the older seafloor
sinks, the weight of the uplifted ridge pushes the oceanic crust toward the trench at
the subduction zone.
en.wikipedia.org
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Slab pull is the other possible process involved in the tectonic plate
movement. The weight of the sub ducting plate pulls the trailing slab into the
subduction zone.
What’s More
Complete the concept map below on continental drift, seafloor spreading and plate
tectonics.
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Convection Examples
Explain how convection occurs on the following examples.
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Plate Tectonics diagram
Identify the major and minor tectonic plates on the map.
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What I Have Learned
Now that you understand what happens inside the Earth and its effects on the
Earth’s surface, you should be able to realize that the tectonic activities at the
surface just like volcanic eruptions and earthquakes are inevitable.
You should view the Earth as a dynamic planet and still the most
fascinating planet for it offers you a home that no other planet can.
What I Can Do
Give examples of Convection in Everyday Life.
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Assessment
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.
1. Convection takes place only in liquids and _______.
a. Gases
b. Energies
c. Solids
d. States
2. Which of the following statements about convection is true?
a. heat is transferred from hot material to cool material without inducing a flow b. cool material flows upward and displaces hot material c. hot material flows upward and displaces cool material d. random circulation occurs 3. The lithospheric plates are believed to be moving slowly. What is the driving
force that facilitates this movement?
a. Gravitational force of the moon
b. Magnetic force at the poles
c. Convection current in the mantle
d. The force of the atmosphere
4. Which of the following increases with distance from a mid-ocean ridge?
a. the age of oceanic lithosphere
b. the thickness of the lithosphere
c. the depth to the sea floor
d. all of the above
5. Which of the following can you infer from the continuous movement of the
lithospheric plates over the asthenosphere?
a. All the continents will cease to exist.
b. All the volcanoes in the Philippines will become inactive.
c. The continents will not be located in the same place as they are now.
d. The islands of the Philippines will become scattered all over the world.
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6. The cycle that powers the ocean currents, weather, and tectonic plates it is called a. conduction current b. radiation c. condition current d. convection current 7. What is Convection? a. Transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid b. Transfer of heat from one particle to another without the movement of matter c. The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves d. A conductor 8. Convection within the ________ causes the plates to move.
a. mantle b. ocean c. inner core d. crust 9. In which states (phases) of matter can convection happen?
a. solids, liquids and gases
b. liquids and gases
c. solids and gases
d. liquids only
10. Which of the following can you infer from the continuous movement of the
lithospheric plates over the asthenosphere?
a. All the continents will cease to exist.
b. All the volcanoes in the Philippines will become inactive.
c. The continents will not be located in the same place as they are now.
d. The islands of the Philippines will become scattered all over the world.
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Additional Activities
Express yourself!
Differentiate the terms: Radiation, Conduction, Convection through your own
experience/s.
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Answer Key
What I Know
1.D
2.A
3.D
4.B
5.A
6.A
7.D
8.B
9.B
10.B
What’s New
Push me up and aside!
Q1. The food color rises and moves to the sides of the beaker (pan/container) then
sinks. It demonstrates a cyclic motion.
Q2. This called convection current.
Q3. • The difference in density in the molecules is caused by the difference in
temperature.
• The rate of heating at the bottom and the rate of cooling at the top.
• Amount of heat supplied to the substance.
Q4. • The blocks are pushed up to the middle of the boiling water and then
swayed towards the sides of the beaker.
• The small, light wood blocks resemble the lithospheric/tectonic plates that
moved about slowly along the tectonic boundaries, pushing, sliding past
and drifting away from each other because of convection current.
Q5. Convection currents in the magma drive plate tectonics. Heat generated from
the radioactive decay of elements deep in the interior of the Earth creates
magma (molten rock) in the asthenosphere.
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From
Fossils
From
Rocks
Coal
deposits
Convection
current
Plate Tectonic
Theory
What I can do
Assessment
1.A
2.C
3.C
4.D
5.C
6.D
7.B
8.A
9.B
10.C
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References Department of Education-Instructional Materials Council Secretariat (DepEd- IMCS). 2015. Science – Grade 10 Learner’s Material. Rex Book Store, Inc. Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education. Project EASE Integrated Science I, Module 12: Inside the Earth.Department of Education, Bureau of Secondary Education (2013). Science Grade 9 Learner’s Module. Vibal Publishing House, Inc. Popular Science . II. Grolier Educational (Firm). 2004. Grolier International, Inc. Punongbayan, R. et. Al. (1998) . The Philippine Archipelago Volume I. Tarbuck. E.J. et. Al. (2009). Earth Science 12th ed. Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd. Yumul, Jr., Graciano P., Carla B. Dimalanta, Victor B. Maglambayan and Edanjarlo J. Marquez, Tectonic Setting of a Composite Terrane: A Review of the Philippine Island Arc System, 12 Geoscineces Journal 1, (March 2008), pp. 7-17 Robert Hall, Reconstructing Cenozoic SE Asia
• Earthlearningidea – http//:www.earthlearningidea.com • https://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/ess05.sci.ess.earthsys.tectonic/te
ctonic-plates-earthquakes-and-volcanoes • http://www.covingtontravel.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Hawaiian-
islands.gif • http://geoplatetectonics.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/3/2/23324554/9230029.png?
527 • What is a tectonic plate? ( This Dynamic Earth, USGS ). Accessed November
21, 2017. https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/tectonic.html • Convection Current – Google Search Accessed November 22, 2017.
-End of Module-
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Region VII, Division of Cebu Province
Office Address: IPHO Bldg.,Sudlon, Lahug, Cebu City
Telefax: (032) 255-6405
E-mail Address: [email protected]