Quarterly Returns Source: Journal of the Statistical Society of London, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Jun., 1866), pp. 291-322 Published by: Wiley for the Royal Statistical Society Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2338588 . Accessed: 21/05/2014 01:31 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. . Wiley and Royal Statistical Society are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of the Statistical Society of London. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 91.229.248.170 on Wed, 21 May 2014 01:31:11 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions
Transcript
Quarterly ReturnsSource: Journal of the Statistical Society of London, Vol. 29, No. 2 (Jun., 1866), pp. 291-322Published by: Wiley for the Royal Statistical SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2338588 .
Accessed: 21/05/2014 01:31
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.JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range ofcontent in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new formsof scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected].
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MARRIAGES IN THE QUARTER ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 1865,
AND BIRTHS AND DEATHS IN THE QUARTER
ENDED 31ST MARcir, 1866.
England.-This Return comprises the BIRTHS and DEATHS registered by 2,200 registrars in all the districts of England during the winter quarter that ended on March 31st, 1866; and the MARRIAGES in 12,828 churches or chapels, about 5,352 registered places of worship unconnected with the Established Church, and 641 Superintendent Registrars' offices, in the quarter that ended on Decemilber 31st, 1865.
If a high marriage-rate is accepted as an ilndication of well-being and content- ment in the great bulk of the people, the present return is highly satisfactory; for in the last quiarter of last year the marriage-rate was unusually, perhaps unprecedentedly, high all over the country. The natural growth of the population, as shown by the birth-registers, has been active for a considerable time; and it was well maintained in the first three mouths of the present year. Agailnst this latter fact must be set the high mortality which prevailed duning the same period, partly in conisequence of meteorological conditions and changes, unfavorable to health.
ENGLAND:-MARRIAGES, BIRTHS, and DEATHS, retuGrned in the Years 1860-66, and in the QUARTERS of those Years.
MARRIAGE:S.-In the quarter that ended 31st December, 1865, there were 114,100 persons married in England. In London the weddings rose from 7,856 and 8,711 in the December quarter of the two previous years to 9,746 in that of last year. In Lancashire and Cheshire, which together contain a population not much exceeding the metropolitan, the marriages in the same three periods were 7,635, 7,253, and 8,576. In the northern couinties they were 2,917, 3,173, and 3,274. In Monmonithshire and WaVles 3,329, 3,416, and 3,538. In Yorkshire 5,659, 6,027, and 6,291.
Taking a few districts as examples, the marriages in the tlhree December quarters of 1863, 1864, and 1865, were in Kensington 505, 555, and 706. In Marylehone 478, 524, and 601. In Pancras 554, 643, and 668. In Islington 353, 422, and 525. In Hackney 258, 281, arid 371. In Shoreditch 560, 607, anid 600. In Bethnal-green 360, 420, and 520. In Lambeth 624, 669, and 799. The returns show continued prosperity in the seats of the woollen trade. In Bradford the marriages in the same three corresponding quarters were 633, 635, and 676. In Leeds they were 525, 517, and 604.
The marriage-rate per annumn, in the December quarter of 1865, was 2-148. This result represents the proportion of persons married to a hundred in the population. The average of ten corresponding quarters was 1 981 per cent. Weddings are always the most frequent in the Christmas quarter, and in that of 1864 the marriage-rate was 2-022; but within the range of the comnparison, viz., the ten years 1856-65, a rate as high as 2 1 per cent. is without any example, with the single exception of that which is suipplied by the present return.
BIRTHS.-Of children born in the March quarter of the present year the number was 196,737, against the high number 194,287 in the corresponding period of 1865. The annual birth-rate for the same period wvas 31776 per cent.; the average being 3-644. The birth-rate is always higher in the first six months of the year than in the last; but the tables for the last teni years furnish no instalnce of a rate so high as that which prevailed last quarter. London yielded its fair contribution to the increase; the births were under 30,000 in the metropolis, and slightly above that number in Cheshire and Lancashire. In some counties, as Oxfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Norfolk, anid Leicestershire, there was a decrease, for whicl others, chiefly in the northern parts of the kingdom and in Wales, more than com- pensate by their increase. The births were very numerous in Sturrey, Devonshire, Lancashire, Durham, Northumberland, Cumberland, and Wales.
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INCREASE or POPULATIOT.-Whilst the births were 196,737, the deaths were in the same time 138,233, and the excess of the former over the latter was 58,504. The natural increase was 650 daily; but this was disturbed by migratory tendencies, always in active operation.
The total number of emigrants from ports in Englanid, Scotland, and Irelanid was 39,672, of wlhom about 11,000 were of English origin. Irish emig,ration from the same ports was nearly double that amount. Of the total number 33,000 emigrants had chosen the Uniited States for their destination, 6,000 the Australian Colonies. Of the 21,000 Irish emigrants, 19,000 went to the United States.*
Emigration declined greatly in the first quarter of 1865; but it has again increased, and was as active as in the two previous years 1863-64.
PRICES, PAUPERISM, AND THE WEATHER.-Thc price of wheat continues to rise, and in the first three montlhs of this year it was 45s. 6d. per quarter, which is 5I. more than it was in the same periud of 1864, and 7s. more than in that of 1865. During the four quarterly periods that have elapsed since the 31st March, 1865, it has been slowly but constantly rising; it was 40s. 6d., 43s. 3d., 44s. lOd., and 45s. 6Gd. Beef at Leadenhall and Newgate Markets, sold by the carcase, averaged 51d. per lb., a price which differed but little from those of the March quarter in 1864 and 1865, which were 5&d. and 5ad. The price for inferior quality of beef was in all these three periods the same, viz., 41d.; for suiperior it was 6Id. in 1864, 7d. in 1865, 63-d. last quarter. The highest price of beef scarcely varied during the last eighteen months. The mean price of mutton was 6id., and was rather higher than in the two previous corresponding quarters. Best potatoes at the Waterside Market, Southwark, ranged from 55s. to 90s. per ton.
The average number of paupers relieved on the last day of each week in the quarter was 139,546 in-door, 759,402 out-door. The amount of in-door relief was the same as in the March quarter of 1864, but rat,her less than that of 1865. The number of out-door paupers was less than it lhad been in either of those periods.
According to the Greenwich observations the montlh of January was warmer than that month has been in any year since 1851. In ordinary course, January is almost 30 colder than December; but last January was as warmli as the remarkably warm month that closed the year 1865. At the beginning of the month the wcather was stormy, and the wind blew in gales; and on the 11th there was in London a fall of unusually heavy snow, wlich seriously impeded traffic and brolke down the telegraphic poles and wires. Soon the snow disappeared under a rapid thaw, which was followed by the inundation of all the lowv-lying lands in the valley of the Thames. Heavy rains and high winds, with frequent changes, attended the moiith to its close; but its most striking feature was the high temperature, whichl continued till near the middle of February, and showed an average excess of 60 daily. From this date till the middle of March the air was almost continuously cold, and the average daily defect of temperature was about 3?. Four days of heat followed; then four days of cold; and finally a warm period of eight days, in which the mean temperature rose 60 above the average. The extreme mildness of the first six weeks quickened vegetation; hedges and fruiit-trees budded, and in some places almost burst into blossom. The change in the atmosphere from mild and damp to cold and dry was favourable to agricultural operations, wlich had been in a backward state owing to the soddened state of the ground; and was besides a salutary check on the too rapid advance of vegetation; and at the end of the quarter the growing crops were sufficiently forward not to be injured by sudden frosts. Tlle mean tem-perature of the air in the quarter wvas 41.20, -which is 1.70 above the average of the same period in the previous twenty-five years. The fall of rain was 9 3 in., which amount is 4-5 in. above the average.
* Return with which the Registrar-General has been favoured by the Emigra. tion Commissioners: of 39,672 emigrants the origin was undistinguished in 1,239 cases, which have been distributed by calculation.
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Less than two inches of that quantity fell in March; the rest in nearly equal portions in the two previous months. The atmospheric pressure was low throughout the quarter. The reporter at Guernsey states that in January the island was visited by a succession of storms, evidently recurrent cyclones; the most violent of which occurred on the 11th, raged with extraordinary fury, and inflicted extensive injury on trees and houses. The barometer fell to 28-444 in., the greatest depression known there for 23 years. At Aldershot on the 11th, snow covered the ground to a depth of 9 in.; and about the middle of the monith snowdropps, crocuses, and primroses were in flower. On the 4th February a hurricane of unprecedented violence blew at Belfast and for many miles around it, accompanied with thunder and lightning, and with hail and rain which swept along in miasses. " Large trees were torn up; chimneys thrown down, and slates whirled through the air like feathers." This storm visited Manchester and some other places in the north of England.
DEATHS; AND THE STATE OF THE PUBLIC 11EAJTH.-Tbe weatber in the quarter, as it was observed in the metropolis, has beeln described in its main points; and the description of it is for the most part applicable to that which w,as experienced over the country. It was unfavourable to health; and, by exciting or aggravating pulmonary diseases, carried off many persons of advanced age. The total number of deaths in England and Wales was 138,233, which implies a rate of mortality above the average of ten previous winters, though not so high as it had been in the winters of 1864 and 1865. In those two periods 142,977 and 140,646 deaths were registered.
It deserves to be noticed, that vibile the mortality in London and eight other divisions was lower last quarter than in the corresponding period of 1865, it wvas higher in the two remaining divisions, viz., the north-western counties (Cheshire and Lancashire) and Yorkshire. It would appear that in the large and always unhealthy manufacturing towns in these parts, the people suffered more than they did in others from conditions and sudden changes of the atmosphere which were not confined to them; and also, as slhown in the Registrars' reports, that scarlatina, measles, whooping-cough, and other zymotic diseases prevailed there, and co- operated with the weather in producing a high mortality.
Average Annual Rate of Mortality to 1,000 of the Population in the Eleven Divisions of England in the Ten Years 1851-60; in the Yea}' 1865; in the Winter, Spring, Summer, and Autumnn Quarters of 1865; and in the Winter Quarter of 1866.
Average Annual Rate of Mortality to 1,000 Livino in
The population of London is not very different in amount from that of Chesliire and Lancashire; the births were as 28 in the former to 30 in the latter; but the deaths were as 20 to 26.
The annual rate of mortality last quarter in England was 2 653 per cent.; the average of ten previous winters being 2 504. But it is a remarkable circumstance that this excess above the average was contributed entirely by the large towns; for in the country districts the death-rate, 2 252, was actually lower than the average, 2 295. The annual rate of mortality in the 142 town districts was 2-967, against the average, 2 680. These results confirm the conclusion that there were other destructive causes at work besides unfavourable states of the weather-that the diseases above mentioned, whiclh commit so much lhavoc in towns, were still more extensively fatal, and only acquired additional vigour from influences peculiar to the season.
The death-rate was higher in Cheshire and Lancaslhire than in any other of the eleven divisions; it was 3 384 per cent. In Yorkshire it was 2 960; in London 24666; in the west midland counties 2-654; in the northern counties (Durham, Northumberland, &c.) 2-443. It was lowest in the south-eastern counties, where it was 2-185.
ANNUAL RATE Of MORTALITY per Cent. in TOWN and COUNTRY DISTRICTS of ENGLAND in each Quarter of the Years 1866-64.
Population Annual Rate of Mortality per Cent. Area Enuiimerated. ending in each Quarter of the Years in Statute ~~ending Acres. 1861. 1866. '56-a65. 1865. 1864.
In 142 Districts, and r March 2 967 2 680 2 881 2P980 56 Sub - districts, l June - 2322 2-339 2-412 comprising the r 3,287,151 10,930,841 Sept . 2-237 2-387 2-386 Chief Towns .......J LDec. - 2,460 2-564 2'615
Year 2425 2 543 2-598
Year 1 989 2 080 2107
In the remaining- Districts and Sub- March.. 2 252 2 295 2 514 2 512 dlistricts of Eng- {June - 2-024 2-049 2-070 land and Wales, 34,037,732 9,135,383 Sept. 1-736 1 828 1,833 comprising chiefly D Dec. 1-901 1927 2-014 Srmall Towns andj Country Pari hesj
Note.-The three months, January, February, March, contain 90, in leap year 91 days; the three months, April, May, June, 91 days; each of the last two quarters of the year 92 days. For this inequality a correction has been made in the calculations, also for the difference between 365 and 365 25 days, and 366 and 365 25 days in leap year.
If the map of England were shaded to represent the rates of mortality of last quarter in the registration districts, the eye travellirg from the lig'ater south to the darker north would be instantly drawn to a spot of portentous darkness on the Mersey; and the question would be asked whether cholera, the black death, or other plague, imported with bales of merchandise, hlad been lately introduced into its busy and populous seaport. Happily this has not been the case; but fever, probably developed or aided by the miild and damnp atmlosphere of the season, and
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by overcrowding in an increasing population, has been busy and fatal in Liverpool, and in other towns of the same county, and of Yorkshire. The anniual mortality of the borough of Liverpool in the three months was excessive, and demands immediate and earnest consideration; it rose to 4 593 per cent. This implies that if this death-rate were maintained for a year, forty-six persons out of a thousand in the population ivould die in that time, or fifteen more than died in Glasgow, its northern rival, nineteen more than in London. The mortality of tlle city of Manchester, though far less than that of Liverpool, was higher than in any other of the thirteen selected towns of the United Kingdom; it was 3-742 per cent., and that of Leeds was hardly less. The following numbers of deaths registered in a few districts in three corresponding quarters, make the recent increase sufficiently apparent
March Quarter, Marclh Quarter, March Quarter, 1864. 1865. 1866.
The Registrar of the Howard-street sub-district of Liverpool reports 33 deathis from typhus out of 330 from all causes; and many occurred from bronchitis and whooping-cough. In the St. Thomas sub-district of the same town 28 were from typhus out of 311; and pulmonary diseases Were fatal.
POPULATION; BIRTHS, DEATHS; MEAN TEMPERATURE and RAINFALL in last Winter Quarter, in Thirteen Large Towns.
:Estimated Births Deaths AiiAnual Rate Mean Rainfall Populateon in in ill to 1,000 Living during Temperature in. thle Middle 13 Weeks 13 Weeks the 13 Weeks ending in Inlches in
Cities, &c. of ending endin 31st Marcli, 1866. 13 Weeks 13 Weeks of ending ending ___________________ ~~endingc e nd ing
the Year 31st March, 31st March 31st March, 31st March, 1865. 1866. 1866. Births. Deaths. 1866. 1866.
Total of 13 large towns.... 6,122,894 58,551 46,452 38 38 30-45 40-3 8 4
By JAMES GLAISHER, ESQ., F.R.S., Wc., Sec. of the British Meteorological Society.
The weather at the beginning, of the year was stormy, with gales of wind. The temperature was high for the season. On the 11th day there fell an unusual fall of sticking snowv, of very great specific gravity. The street traffic in London was extremely difficult; the telegraphic wires were so loaded with snow, and the wind was so violent, that many poles gave way, and telegraphic communication all round London was greatly interrupted. So great was the destruction of wires and poles, that at the end of the quarter all were not restored. The snow was of that unusual dense character, that six inches in depth produced water to the depth of 1I in. nearly. A very rapid thaw set in, and within two or three days all the snow disappeared, followed, however, by rivers overflowing their banlks. All the low- lying lands along the valley of the Thames were under water. The weather con- tinued changeable throughout January, with heavy rains and gales of wind. The characteristic feature of this month was its extraordinarv warmth, it being 610 above its average value from fifty years' observation. This unusual temperature continued till 12th February, and the average daily excess of temperature uip to this time was 6? daily. From the 13tlh day of February till 15th Marchl, the weather was cold, and nearly constantly below the average for the season of the year. The average daily defect of temperature for this period was 209; four days of warmn weather followed, each day being about 20 in excess of its average tempe- rature. This was succeeded by four days of very cold weather, the defect averaging 4-2L9 daily, and the quarter closed with eight days whose temperature exceeded their averages by 6?.
The extreme mild weather in January and the first part of February stimulated vegetation to a very unusual activity at this season. Hedges and early fruit trees were budding, and some were ready to burst into blossom.
The change in the middle of February, from so mild and damp to a colder and dryer atmosphere, prevented vegetation advancing too rapidly, and w as otherwise beneficial to agricultural operations, bv enabling farmers to do mLuch field and farm work, which in many places, owing to the soddened state of the ground, were-iii a very backward state.
At the enld of the quarter vegetatioln was sufficiently checked by the cold weather, and the growing crops generally were sufficiently advanced to render them secure from the danger of sudden frosts.
The mean temnperature of January was 420.6, being warmer than any January since that of 1851; the preceding month, December, was 42? 7, being 20.4 of higher temperature than the average; usually January is 20.8 colder than the pre- ceding montlh, yet on this occasion it was 0?-1 of lower temiiperature only. It was 4-L above the average of the preceding 25 Januaries, and 6? 3 above the tempe- rature of January, 1865.
The mean temperature of February was 400.5, being 1?9 above the average of the preceding 25 Februaries, and 30.9 above that of last year. Every month from September to this month inielusive has been of hiigher temperature than their averages, to the mealn amnount of 30?9 nearly.
The mean temperature of March was 40.-5, the same as in February, being
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10.2 belov the average of the preceding 25 years, and 30.9 above that of last year.
The mnean high, day temperatures were above their averages in January and February to the amlounts of 40.7 and 2? 3 respectively, and below in March to the amount of 109.
The mean low night temperaturtres were above their averages in January and February to the amounts of 303 and 1?2 respectively, and below in March to the amiount of 00.8.
Therefore in January and February both the days and nights were warm, wvhilst in Mlarch both wvere cold.
The daily ranges of temnperature were greater than their averages in January and February to the amounts of 1?@4 and -1? respectively, and less in March to the amount of 00.8.
The fall of rain exceeded its average value in both January and February, in the former by 2 inches, and in the latter by 2? inches; it was of its average value in March.
The mean temnperature of the air at Greenwich in the three months ending February, constitutinig the three winter months, was 41? 8, being 4?0. above the average of the preceding 95 years.
Temperature of Elastic Weight __________________ - - ~~~~~~ ~~~~~Force ef Vapour
Force in a Air. Evaporation. Point. Aia- Vapour. Of Air.
1866. Water
Months. Diff. Diff. Diff. Diff. Diff. f th Diff. Diff. from fromii from fronm from o e fronm from
Mean. Aver- Aver- oflean. Aver. Mean. Aver- Mean. Av er- Thames Mean. Aver- Mean. Aver- age of age of age of age of age of age of age of 95 25 25 95 25 25 25
Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. Years. o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 o In. In. Gr. Gr.
Sum Sum Mean Sum Sum Sum Lowest Highst Mean ..... 84 - 1 29 586 -18a 547 - 5 9-3 +4-5 312 39 39 12 16 2 49 6
Note.-In reading this table it will be borne in mind that the sign (-) minus signifies below the average, and that the sign (+) plus signifies above the average.
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Scotland, for the purposes of registration, is at present divided into 1,014 districts; and this return comprises the BIRTHS, DEATHS, and MXARIAGEM S registered in these districts (withl the single exception of the inaccessible island of St. Iilda), during the quarter ending the 31st March, 1866. From these it would appear that the births and marriages have been considerably above the average of the corresponding quarter of the ten previous years, while the deaths have been slightly uinder the average.
BIRTHS.-28,876 births were registered in Scotland during the quarter ending the 31st March, 1866, being the annual proportion of 366 births in every 10,000 persons of the estimated population. This is greatly above the average birth-rate of the first quarter of the ten previous years, which was only at the rate of 347 births in every 10,000 persons. It can scarcely be doubted that tllis is greatly due to the much higher proportion of marriages which has occurred among the popula- tion during the last tllree years. The births in England and Wales show a similar increase, apparently due to the same cause. Thus 196,737 births were registered in England and Wales during the quarter ending 31st March, 1866, giving an annual proportion of 377 births in every 10,000 persons of the estimated popula- tion; the average of the quarter during the ten previous years being only 364 births in a like population.
The town and rural districts exhibited the usual difference in the proportion of their births. Thus, in the 126 town districts (which embrace the towns witli populations of 2,000 persons and upwards), 16,853 births were registered; while in the 888 rural districts (embracing the remainder of the population of Scotlauld), only 12,023 births occurred; thus indicating an annual proportion of 399 birthis in every 10,000 persolns in the town districts, but only 328 births in a like population in the rural districts.
TABLE 1.-Proportion of Illegitimnate in every Hundred Births in the Divisions and Counties of Scotland, during thee Quarter ending 31st Marchl, 1866.
Per . Per Per Per Divisions. Cent. of Counties. Cent, of Counties. Cent. of Counties. Cent. of 1 Ilegi- Illegi- Illegi- Illegi-
Ross andl 6 Clackman- l K Berwick .. iz9 East Milland.. I O9 Cromarty 65 nan ..J.u.O Peebles- 7* 7 West Midland. 9-z Inverness .... 7*3 Stirling ........ 9*I Selkirk ........ 9-8
Of the 28,876 children born during the quarter, 25,746 were legitimate, and 3,130 illegitimate; thus showing that 10'8 per cent. of the births were illegiti- mate, or one illegitimate in every 9 2 births. The proportion of illegitimate births was, as usual, lowest in the town and highest in the rural districts, only 10-3 per cent. of the births being illegitimate in the towns, but 11-4 in the rural districts. This is a proportion far from creditable to our rural population, considering that the illegitimate births among the rural population of France only average 4' per cenb. of the births. Table I exhibits the proportion of illegitimate birtls in the several divisions and counties of Scotland, and generally accords with the previous returns, the counties embraced in the north.eastern and southern divisions of Scotland showing, as they have always done, the highest proportion of illegitimate births.
Of the children born during the quarter, 14,854 were males, and 14,022 females, being in the proportion of 106 males at birth for every 100 females. 9,791 births were registered duiring January, 8,944 during February, and 10,141 during March; being at the rate of 316 births daily during January, 319 daily during February, and 327 daily during March.
DEATIS.-19,075 deaths were registered in Scotland during the first quarter of 1866, being in the annual proportion of 242 deaths in every 10,000 persons of the estimated population. This is a death-rate slightly below the average of the quarter during the ten previous years, which was at the rate of 244 deaths in every 10,000 persons. The deaths in England and Wales, however, during tlle same period, have been above their usual proportion. Thus, 138,233 deaths were registered in England and Wales during the first quarter of 1866, givilng the pro- portion of 265 deaths in every 10,000 persons; the quarter's average of the ten previous years being 250 deaths in a like population.
TABLE II.-Number of Births, Deaths, and Marriages in Scotland, and in the Town and Country Districts during the Quarter ending 31st March, 1866, and their Proportion to the Population; also the Number of Illegitimate Births, and their Proportion to the Total Births.
Population. Total Births. Illegitimate Births.
Census, Estimated, I Per Ratio. Per Ratio. 16. Number. One in Number. et One in 1861. 1866. Cent. every Cent. every
The deaths in the town districts, as usual, greatly exceeded those in the rural districts. Thus, in the 126 town districts, 11,992 deaths were registered, but oiily 7,083 in the rural districts; indicating an annual death-rate of 284 deaths in every 10,000 persons in the town districts, but only 193 deaths in a like population in the rural districts.
Of the deaths, 6,348 were registered in Jannary, 5,756 in February, and 6,971 in March; being at the rate of 205 deaths daily during January and February, but 225 deaths daily during March.
INCREASE OF THE POPULATION.-As the birtlhs numnbered 28,876 during the quarter, and the deaths 19,075, the natural increase of tlhe population by births was 9,801. From that numiber ought to be deducted all the Scottish enmigrants. From a return furnished to the Registrar-General by the Emigration Coimmissioners, it appears that 39,672 persons emigrated fiom the ports of Great Britain and Ireland, during the quarter ending tbe 31st Mlarclh, 1866, of whom 10,735 were English, 1,610 Scotch, 20,672 Irish, 5,416 foreigners, while of 1,239 the nativity was not ascertained. If 52 persons be alloweed as the proportion of those wlhose origini was not distinguished, the total Scottish emigranits during the quarter would amiiount to 1,662; which number, deducted from the excess of births over deaths, would leave 8,139 as the increase of the population during the quarter, making no allowance for the large emigration to England, nor for the drafts to the army, navy, &c.
MARRIAGES.-5,627 marriages were registered in Scotland during the first qnarter of 1866, beinig in the annual propoltion of 71 marriages in every 10,000 persons, or 1 marriage in every 140 persons. This is very much above the average proportion of marriages for the quarter, which for the ten previous years was only at the rate of 63 marriages in every 10,000 persons. The proportion of marriages has bcen steadily increasing for a period of now three years, and this fact of itself speaks well for the general prosperity of the country, This increase in the niumLiber and proportion of the mliarriages is now telling on the proportion of birtlhs; and as the number of emigrants from Scotland is nearly in the same proportion diminishing, these facts prove that Scotland was never in a more prosperons condition than at the present moment, and that all are finding a better market for their labour than they have done for a great many years.
As might be expected, the town districts exhibited much the higlhest proportion of marriages. Thus, in the 126 town districts, 3,583 marriages were registered, utU onily 2,044 in the 888 rural districts; indicating an anniual mzarriage-rate of
85 marriages in every 10,000 persons in the town districts, but onily 55 marriages in a like population in the rural districts.
HEALTH OF THE PoPULATION.-The mild weather wllich prevailed during the first half of the quarter had a most beneficial effect on the health of the population, and caused both less sickness and fewer deaths than is usual at that season. The colder and more wintry weather, however, which prevailed during the latter half of February and nearly the whole of March, largely increased the sickness, and still more largely augmented the deaths. All the epidemics experienced this increasing prevalence and mortality during the cold wintry weather; but so did all other diseases, and notably those of the respiratory orgar- Many aged persons also died during the prevalence of the cold frosty weather, wi.hout apparent disease. Typhoid (i.e., enteric and gastro-eniteric) and typhus fevers, which assumed the epidemic form in October, 1863, and have prevailed over Scotland more or less ever since, though very prevalent during the quarter, seemed to be now dying out with the advent of tbe milder weather; and they will drop their epidemic character as spring advances, if they follow the course of previous epidemics of fever. Among the young, hooping-cough has been especially prevalent in some of the northern and north-eastern counties. Scarlatina, though met with everywhere, has been especially prevalent in Aberdeenshire, while measles has especially prevailed in Fifeshire. Diphtheria seems still to be extending its ravages, and to be on the increase. Diarrhcea has been more than usually prevalent, and in some few instances seemed even to put on the Opidemic form. With cholera prevailing in
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France, Germany, and Holland, this fact should be taken as a warning, that the choleraic atmosphere, or whatever else it be which induces that disease, is approach- ing us, and may be expected to manifest itself among us as the heat of the sun becomes more powerful.
TABLN III.-Number of Births, Deaths, and Marriages in Scotland, and their Proportion to the Poptulation, Estimated to the Middle of each Year, during each Quarter of the Years 1866 to 1862 incluesive.
1866. 1865. 1864. 1863. 1862.
P lE8 er, | lhl|CU PerB Pe Prr
Number. ct Per ber Nmber. per Nubr, Prumber. Per b Per Cent. ~~~Cent. Nu .Cent. Cent. Nme.Cent.
1st Quarter- Births ........ 28,876 3.66 28,608 3 65 28,177 3.6I 26,729 3'44 27,089 3'5I Deaths ..... 19,075 z42 20,786 :z 65 22,576 z*89 19,227 2'4.7 19,420 z25I Marriages 5,627 o .7I 5,407 o 69 5,333 o 68 5,090 o 65 4,763 o 6z
Mean Tern- 38? 0 350.3 35C.7 400.9 380.8 perature j
WEATitER.-With the exception of a few days in January, the weather was uliusually mild from the beginning of the year till the middle of February; but from the 13th of February till the 20th of March occurred the only truly wintry weather we have hadl during the winter of 1865-66.
x 2
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I. Northern .z,z6,6zz 130,422 200 733 594 Ii. North-Western 4,739,876 167,329 312 1,183 803
II. North-Eastern . 2429,594 366,783 541 3,210 2,01I4
IV. East Midland 2,790,492 623,822 977 4,429 3,145
V. West Midland 2,693,1I6 242,507 329 2,100 1,317
vs. South-Western . ,462,3 9 7 1,008,253 2,269 11,588 7,474
vIi. South-Eastern . I,192,524 408,962 726 3,903 2,6 I 5
vIII. Southern .2,o69,696 214,216 273 1,730 I,I 13
No. III.-IRELAND.
MARRIAGES IN TEE QUAETEII ENDED 31st DECEDEII, 1865;
AND BIRTHS AND DEATHS IN THE QUARTEB. ENDED
31ST MxnACs, 1866.
This return includes the MAETAGES registered during October, November, and December, 1865; and the BiRTa:S and DEATuS registered during January, February, and March, 1866, in the 720 Registrars' districts of Ireland. The districts are co-extensive witlh the Dispensary districts of the 163 Poor Liaw Unions; whieh latter form the districts of the Superintendent Registrars.
MARRIAGES.-The number of marriages registered in Ireland during the last quarter of 1865 was 6,960, being 608 in excess of the number registered during the corresponding quarter of 1864.
The marriages registered during the year 1865, amonnted to 30,684, beinig equal to 1 marriage in every 184, or -544 per cent. of the estimated population; the number registered in 1864 was 27,373.
Of the 30,684 marriages registered during 1865, 21,685 vere between Roman Catholics, representing a ratio of only 1 marriage in every 208, or -481 per cenit. of the Roman Catbolic population. The number of these marriages registered does not, however, represent the number solemnized, as in many cases the Registrars state that they have been unable to obtain the necessary certificate required by the provisions of the " Registration of Marriages (Ireland) Act, 1863," 26 and 27 Vic., cap. 90, sec. 11, to be sent to the Registrar.
The number of marriages registered in 1865, under the 7 and 8 Vic., cap. 81,
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amounted to 8,999, being equal to 1 in every 143, or *698 per cent. of the Protestant population.
BIRTHS.-The births registeredc during the quarter ending on 31st March last, amounted to 40,088 (20,643 boys and 19,445 girls), being equal to an annual ratio of 1 in every 34 7, or 2-88 per cent. of the estimated population; the number of births registered during the corresponding quarter of 1865 was 38,325, and in the first quiarter of 1864 the number was 30,330.
The births registered during the quarter in the following unions or superin- tendent registrars' districts represent the highest. ratios :-Castletown (co. Cork), l in 21; Belfast, 1 in 22; Duninanway, 1 in 25; Claremorris, Bantry, Clonakilty, Dingle, and Kenmare, each 1 in 26; Mlacroom, 1 in 27; Cahersiveen, Skull, and Tralee, each 1 in 28; Newport (co. Mayo), Swineford, Kilmacthomas, and Killarnev, each 1 in 29.
Of the foregoing sixteen unions or superintendent registrars' districts which had tlle highest birth-rates during the quarter, as many as eleven belong to the " South-western " division, in which appears the highest birth-rate since registration commenced in Ireland (lst January, 1864).
In the undermentioned ten unions or superintendent registrars' districts the number of births registered dluring the quarter afforded very low annual ratios, viz.-Donegal, Mountmellick, Trim, Tuam, and Tullamore, each 1 in 50; Bally- shannon, 1 in 52; Borrisokane, 1 in 53; Delvin, 1 in 59; Ballyvaghes, 1 in 68; and Donaghnmore, 1 in 77.
DEATHS.-The number of deaths registered in Ireland during the qarter amounted to 27,824 (13,684 males and 14,140 females), represeiiting an annual ratio of 1 in every 50-1, or 200 per cent. of the estimated population. The number registered in the corresponding quarter of 1865 was 29,341, and in 1864 it was 28,540.
According to the number of deaths registered the rate of mortality during the quarter ending 31st March last was highest in the following uinions or superin. tendent registrars' districts:-Belfast, 1 in 27; Cork, 1 in 36; Clonmel, Ennis- corthy, and Wexford, each 1 in 37; Carrick-on-Suir, 1 in 38; and Newtownards, 1 in 39. In the metropolitan unions or superintendent registrars' districts of Dublin North and Dublin South the ratios were 1 in 32 and 1 in 36 respectively.
In the following unions or superintendent registrars' districts the dcatlhs registered during the quarter represent very low ratios, viz.:-Scarriff, 1 in 911; Castlebar and Killadysert, each 1 in 92; Ballyvaghan, 1 in 100; Letterkenny, 1 in 101; Tuamn, 1 in 107; and Croom, 1 in 110.
EMIGRATION.-According to the returns obtained by the Enumerators, the number of emigrants who left the ports of Ireland, during the quarter ended 31st March last, amounted to 25,889-16,734 males and 9,155 femnales-being 10,041 more than the number who emigrated during the corresponding quarter of 1865.
Emnigration from Ireland during the Months of January, February, and March i?z 1865 and 1866.
Number of Emigrants ia Increase or Decrease in 1886 Eumuber of EImigrants in compared witlh 1865.
The average number of emigrants from Ireland during the first three months of the years 1852 to 1865 was 21,745; the number for the past quarter is, therefore, 4,144 in excess of the average.
ESTIMATED DECREASE OF THE POPIULATION.-The number of births registered during the quarter ended 31st March last being 40,088; the deaths 27,824; and the number of emigrants 25,889 (accordinig to the returns obtained by the enumerators at the several seaports) ;-a decrease of 13,625 would therefore appear to have taken place in the population during that period.
PRICES OF PROVISIONS AND PAUPERISM.-Thle average price of Messrs. Manl- ders and Co.'s 4-lb. loaf, for the first quarter of the present year, was 6Id., being one penny higher than the average price for the corresponding period of 1865. The price during the first three weeks of the first quarter of 1866 was 7d.; it was 6id. during the remaining weeks. The price was 5'd. during the whole of the corresponding quarter of 1865.
The price of oatmeal at the Dublin Corn Exchange ranged from ls. 6d. in the first week to 14s. 6d. per cwt. in the last week of the first quarter of the present year; the average price for the three months being 14s. 10d., against lls. 9d. for the corresponding quarter of last year.
The quotations for potatoes at the Potato Market, Dublin, were somewhat lower for the first quarter of 1866 than for the corresponding period of 1865; the averages for the former being 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d., and for the latter 3s. ld. to 3s. 7d. per cwt.
The average prlces of beef at the Dublin Cattle Market were also lower during the first quarter of the present year than during the first three months of 1865; the averages being 50s. 6d. to 63s. 6d. per cwt. for the former, and 54s. 6d. to 68s. for the latter.
The average number of persons in Ireland receiving in-door relief on Saturdays during the quarter was 57,123; the average for the corresponding quarter of last year was 62,418. The smallest number of persons (54,894) receiving in-door relief was on Saturday, in the first week of January; this was also the case in the corre- sponding quarter of 1865 and of 1864. The largest numiber receiving in-door relief during the past quarter was in the first and second weeks of Malrch. The number of persons (10,163) receiving out-door relief was also smallest in the first week of the quarter; the weekly average for the quarter was 11,927, against 11,296 in the corresponding period of 1865.
Of the persons receiving in.door relief during the first quarter of the present year an average number of 465 in each week were located in asylums for the blind and the deaf and dumb, and in extern hospitals; in the correspondinig quarter of 1865 the average weekly number was 523.
THE WEATHER. - The following meteorological observations, taken at the Ordnance Survey Office, Phcenix Park, Dublin, during the first quarter of the years 1864, 1865, and L866, respectively, have been obligingly furnished by Captain Wilkinson, R.E., by direction of the Superintendent of the Ordnance Survey.
The mean heiglht of the barometer during the first quarter of the present year was 29-521 inches (in thle corresponding period of 1865 and of 1864 it was 29 651 inches, and 29-725 inches respectively); the highest reading (30 490 inches) wvas on the 24th January, at 9 30 A.M., wind S.W.; and the lowest (28-480 inches) on the 23rd March, at 9-30 P.M., wind S.E.
The mean temperature of the air during the quarter was 41.50 (during the corresponding period of 1865 it was 38 9?, and in 1]864 it was 40 2?); the maximum registered by the thermometer (68 0?) was on the 30th March, and the minimum (17-5?) was on the 1st of the same month.
Rain or snow fell on 54 days during the quarter. The rain-fall measured 7*508 inches (it was 5-979 inches and 5-227 inches respectively during the corresponding quarters of 1865 and 1864). The greatest monthly rain - fall during the first quarter of 1866, was in March, when 3-309 iinches were registered,
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The wind blew on 47 days from S.W.; 13 days from N.W.; 7 days from W.; 6 days from S.E.; and 5 days from N.E., at 930 A.M.; on only one day during the three months did the wind blow from the East at that lhour, and on only two days from the North. It was calm on 4 days at 9 30 A.M.
Meteoroloqicai Observations taken at the Ordnance Survey Off ce, Phknix Park, Dublin.
HEAnTIT OF THE PEOPLE.-The deaths registered during the past quarter were far below the number registered during the corresponding periods of the years 1864 and 1865.
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Zymotie diseases, in general, have proved less fatal tlhan during the preceding periods; in some districts, howvever, especially those in which precautionary measures have been nieglected, fever, scarlatinia, measles, &c., have proved most destructive.
The registrar of the Randalstown district, superintendent registrars' district of Antrim, says, " I have had twenty-one cases of fever, while there bave been registered during the same period 7 deathis from it. The disease, I am sorry to say, has been on the increase for the last month, owing chiefly to mny not having compulsory power to send such cases to the workhouse fever hospital. I saw to-day six fever eases in one cabin, and the head of the family refused to bave them removed to hospital. I should mention that the guardians have a spring cart and bed for the conveyance of fever patients to hospital."
It would be well that the good example set by the ADtrim board of guardians was more generally followed, as there can be no doubt that the poison of fever and other zymotic diseases is disseininated in consequence of fever patients being transmitted to hospital in cabs and other public conveyances.
In Belfast No. 4 District 49 deaths resulted from fever. Searlatina of a malignant character prevailed in the Keady district, Armagh
union; five healthy children in one family were cut off by this scourge. In the Bellaghy district, Magherafelt union, searlatina and its sequelae proved fital in 21 inistances. In Mullingar district 27 deaths resulted from scarlatina. " This great mortality " (observes the registrar) " I attribute to the filthy and unclean state of the back streets in this towvn." In Ennistimon scarlatina was very prevalent, but comparatively mild; this disease wvas also rife in Wexford, Galway, Westport; and of the 50 deaths registered in the Achill district (Newport union), 21 were ascribed to scarlatina. This disease, however, bad disappeared from many districts where it had been epidemic. Measles and whooping cough were very prevalent. In Colernine there were 9 deaths from small-pox; in Arklow (Rathdrum union), out of 78 deaths registered during the quarter, no less than 35 were caused bv small pox! Deaths from this disease also occurred in the districts of Cappaghduff (Ballinrobe union), Ballymoney, &c. It is much to be regretted that the registrars of those districts in which fatal cases of small-pox wer-e registered, were unable to state whether those who fell victims to this disease had been previously vaccinated.
Bronchitis and other pulmonary affections proved very fatal, especially to the aged and the veiny young. The registrar of the Portadown district (Lurgan union), records a case of " pure Asiatic " cholera which proved fatal in fifteen hours. Two deaths "from cholera" were registered in the Newtownards district.
While some of the registrars are enabled to report favourably of the sanitary state of their districts, the majority complain loudly of the want of all sanitary pre- cautions, especially the Registrars of Portrush, Bellaghy (Magherafelt union), Ardara (Glenties union), Kilskeer (Kells union), Mullingar, and Carrick-on-Suir. The registrar of the last-named district, who has repeatedly reported on the unsatisfactory state of the locality, from a deficient sewerage, overcrowding, &c., remarks that the state of the sewers and lodging-houses continues the same."
Those who fail to adopt such precautionary measures, as have been over and over again recommended with a view to the improvement of the public health, now that cholera is at our doors, may see, when it is too late, the dire results of their negligence.
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The Order of the Eight Divisions as regards the Annual Rate represented by the Number of Marriages Registered during the Fourth Quarter of the Year 186, is shown in the following Statement.
Divisions. Ratio to Divisions. Ratio to Population. Population.
1. North-Eastern ............ 1 in 129 5. North Midland ........ 1 in 258 2. Eastern ....,, 157 6. South Mdland ,, 269 3. North-Western ............ 229 7. South-Western . , 291 4. South-Eastern ............. ,, 241 8. Western .,, 377
The Numer-ical Order of the Eight Divisions as regards the Annual Rate repr-esented by the Number of Births Registered during the First Quarter of 1866, is shown in the following Statemnent.
The fbllowing Statemnent shows the Eight Divisions, Arranged according to the Annual Rate of Mortality afforded by the Number of Deaths Registered during the First Quarter of 1866.
Trade of United Kingdom, 1865-64-63.- Distribution of Exports from United Kingdom, according to the Declared Real Value of the Exports; and the Computed Real Value (Ex-dutyi) of Imports at Port of Entry, and ther efore including Freight and Inporter's Profit.
Merchandise (excluding Gold antd Silver), Whole Years. Imported from, and Exported to, 1865. 1864. 1863.
the following Foreign Countries, &c. Imports Exports Imports Exports Imports Exports
Red Sea, Aden, Arabia, Persia, Bourbon, z2, 124, 73, 115, 37, 75, and Kooria Mooria Islands.J
Indian Seas, Siam, Sumatra, Java, hi ,070, 1,57, ,598, 1,228, pines; other Islands .................
South Sea Islands . .......................2. Z 7, 36, I 8, 185, 2o, 141, China, including Hong Kong . .......................1 i,062, 6,692, i7,098, 5,334, I5,479, 4,032, United States of America ..... . - i,549, 21,236, 17,924, 16,704, I9,57I, 15,352, Mexico and Central America . .3,9 I, 2,036, 3,55 7, 2,060, 2,7 80, 1,819, Fioreign West Indies and Hayti . ....................... 5,533, 3,366, 6,767, 4,369, 4,857, 3,487, South America (Northern), NewGranada, 1 83, 289 82) 258 86 169 Venezuela, and Ecuador 1,837, 2,789, 1,892, 2,518, 867, 1,969,
(Pacific), Peru, Bolivia, 7,952, 2,798, 5,898, 3,030, 6,II3, 2,461,
II.-BRITISH POSSESSIONS: _ British India, Ceylon, and Singapore ............ 43,2 7 z, 20,383, 57,52o, 21,909, 53,966, 22,558, Austral. Cols.-New South Wales and Victoria 7,10o, 9,316, 6,854, 8,060, 4,648, 8,756,
So. Aus., W. Aus., Tasm., 3,18i, 4,037, 3,i85, 3,799, 2,513, 3,749, and N. Zealand ................I
British North America. 6,350, 4,705, 6,s5i, 5,611, 8,i66, 4,819, ,, W.IndieswithBtsh.Guiana&Honduras 7,372, 2,909, I I450, 4,325, 8,9 I0, 3,928,
Cape and Natal .................. ................ 2,446, 1,700, 1,976, 2,273, I,920, 1,524, Brt. W. Co. of Af., Ascension and St. Helena 450, 457, 306, 314, 2o8, 369, Mauritius ......... ........................ I,2Z46, 597, I,589, 659, I,986, 522, Channel Islands ..........., ..... ... 4I8, 752, 836, 1,016, 648, 866,
IMPORTS. - (United Kingdom.) - First Two Months (January- February, 1866-65-64-63-62.-Computed Real Value (Ex-duty), at Port of Entry (and therefore including Freight and Importer's Profit), of Articles of Foreign and Colonial Merchandise Imported into the United Kingdom.
fi.XPORTS. -(United Kingdom.) - First Three Months (January - Marchz), 1866.65-64-63-62.-Declared Real Value, at Port of Shipment, of Articles of BRITISH and IRISH Produce and Manufactures Exported from United Kingdomz.
(First Three Monthls.) [000's omitted.] 1866. 1865. 1864. 1863. 1862. BRITISH PRODUCE, &C., EXPORTED.
SIIIPPING.-FOREIGN TRADE. - (United Kingdom.) -First Three Molnths (January-March), 1866-65-64-63.- Vessels Enttered and Cleared with Cargoes, including repeated Voyaqes, but exocluding Government Tranisports.
GOLD AND SILVER BULLION AND SPECIE. - I3PORTED AND EXPORTED. - (United Kingdom.) - Computed R?eal Valuc for tMe First Three Months (January-March), 1866-65-64.
[OOO's omitted.]
1866. 1865. 1864. (First Three Months.) _ _
Gold. Silver. Gold. Silver. Gold. Silver.
Imported from:- ? ? ? ? ? a Australia ................ 1,309, o, 533, 669, -
So. Amea. and W. 407, I, I 37, 172, I,375, 1,533, 2,j95, Indies................ United States and 353, 318, 988, 21, 1,632, 23, Cal. ........ .... I.. ..
2,069, I,456, 2,293, 1,396, 3,834, 2,z18,
France .................. 28, I77, 17, 307, 57, 464, &lanse Town.s,
IIoll. 147, 523, 4, 29, 80, 89I, & Boig . j......
Prtgl., Spain, and 136, 24, 249, i 6, 14, 3 I, Gbrltr . j...... Mlta., Trky., and 1, 2, 44, -
6, Egypt ...........
China- - -.............- - - West Coast of Africa 29, 6, 28, 6, 29, _ All otlher Countries.... 16, 5, 25, i 6, 89, 35,
Note.-In the corresponding table of the last number of this Journal, p. 186, a falling off in the revenue from the Property Tax was, by a clerical error, ascribed to the Post Office; and the increase from the latter department improperly attri- buted to the Property Tax. This error affects both the quarterly and yearly account as given on the page in qulestioni.
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An Account showing the REVENUE and other RECEIPTS of the QUARTER ended 31st March, 1866; the APPLICATION of the same, and the Charge of the Consolidated Fund for the said Quarter, together with the Surplus or Deficiency upon such Charge.
Received:- Surplus Balance beyond the Charge of the Consolidated Fund for the
910,724 Income received, as shown in Account I .......................................... 17,792,165 Amount raised on account of Fortifications, &c., per Act 27th and 28th
of Victoria, cap. 109 ........................................................ 100,000 Amount raised by the issue of Exchequer Bonds, per Act 28th and 29th
of Victoria, cap. 29 ................................1 0........................ 1000000 Amount received in repayment of Advances for Public Works, &c ....... 311,020 Ditto, for New Courts of Justice ...................................................... 40,000
?20,154,709 Balance, being the Deficiency on 31st March, 1866, upon the charge of
the Consolidated Fund in Great Britain, to meet the Dividends and other charges payable in the Quarter to 30th June, 1866, and for which Exchequer Bills (Deficiency) will be issued in that Qualter... 2,132,764
?22,287,473
Paid:- Amount applied out of the Income in Redemption of Deficiency Bills ?
issued in the Quarter to 31st March, 1866, for the charge of the Consolidated Fund in Great Britain on 31st December, 1865, viz.:-
Total deficiency .................................. ?2,573,604 Deduct amount redeemed with Sinking Fund ... 220,000
2,353,604 Amount applied out of the Income to Supply Services ........... . ........... 10,021,739
,, advanced for New Courts of Justice ............... ..................... 40,000 Charge of the Consolidated Fund for the Quarter ended 31st
March, 1866, viz.:- Interest of the Permanent Debt ....................... ?5,595,040 Terminable Debt ............................ .... 902,581 Principal of Exchequer Bills ....................1....... 1278,900 Interest of ,, .............. .53..... ,912 The Civil List ........................ ..... ... ... 102,171 Other Charges on Consolidated Fund . .. . 455,580 Advances for Public Works, &C ..... 269,188 Sinking Fund ............. 672,053
Surplus Balance in Ireland beyond the Charge of the Consolidated Fund 9,329,425 in Ireland for the Quarter ended 31 st March, 1866 ...........5.... 542,705
?22,287,473
VOL. XXIX. PART II. y
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Total F,or the (4!100). Total Traffic. Traffic pr. iied e et Caji it a IPric on Miles Openl. first 13 Weeks. AlMile pr.Wk.DidedprCnt x- Railway. Price_oli (000's omitted.) I13 Weeks, for Halaf Years,
Average Amount of Promissory Notes in Circulation in ENGLAND and WALES on Saturday, in each Week durng the FIRST QUARTER (.Jan.-March) of 1866; and in SCOTLAND and IRELAND, at the Three Dates, as utnder.
ENGLAND AND WALES. SCOTLAND. IRELAND.
Private JointThe P Bank. SBacnk TOTAL. Under TOTAL. Under TOTAL.
FOREIGN EXCHANGES.-Quotations as under, LONDON on Paris, Hamburg & Calcutta; -and New York, Calcutta, Hong Kong & Sydney, on LONDON-With collateral cots. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
