Quartz Sensors for Improved Disaster Warning Systems and … Slides.pdf · 2017. 3. 1. · Space...

QuartzQuartz Sensors for ISensors for ImprovedmprovedDisaster Warning SystemsDisaster Warning Systems

and Geodetic Measurementsand Geodetic Measurements

Paroscientific and Quartz Seismic Sensors

Paroscientific, Inc.Paroscientific, Inc.

Quartz Crystal Resonators ConvertAnalog Forces to Digital Outputswith Parts per Billion Resolution


Torsional Resonator Temperature Sensors

Electrical Excitation Pads

Surface Electrodes

Dual Tine Resonators

Mounting PadApplied Load

Double-Ended Tuning Fork Force Sensors

Dual Torsionally Oscillating Tines

Nano-Resolution Full-scale PSD Spectrum forPressure Sensors, Accelerometers, & Tiltmeters

GoalsGoalsImproved disaster warning times for earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and extreme weather events

Improved geodetic measurements for scientific research and predictions of natural disasters

Improved disaster warning times for earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and extreme weather events


“Geophysical measurements can now be made with unprecedented clarity from beneath the seafloor, to the ocean bottom, through the water column, and through the atmosphere in a single coherent array”

John Delaney

SolutionsSolutions

Quartz Sensors Solutions for ImprovedQuartz Sensors Solutions for ImprovedDisaster Warning Systems and GeodesyDisaster Warning Systems and Geodesy

• Pressure Sensors

• Triaxial Accelerometers

• Tiltmeters

• Nano-Resolution Electronics

• In-situ Calibration Methods

Measurements in Boreholes on Land

Measurements on the Sea-floor

Measurements in Boreholes Underneath the Sea-floor

Measurements on the Surface of Land and Through the Atmosphere

Examples of NanoExamples of Nano--Resolution MeasurementsResolution MeasurementsAtmosphericMeasure absolute barometric pressure fluctuations to nano-bars for infrasound detection of tsunamis, extreme weather, & eruptions.

OceanicMeasure water level fluctuations to microns with absolute deep-sea depth sensors for detection of tsunamis and seafloor movement.

SeismicMeasure acceleration to nano-g’s with 3 g full-scale strong motion sensors and tilt to less than 1 nano-radian with +/- 9 degrees Quartz Tiltmeters.

AtmosphericMeasure absolute barometric pressure fluctuations to nano-bars for infrasound detection of tsunamis, extreme weather, & eruptions.

OceanicMeasure water level fluctuations to microns with absolute deep-sea depth sensors for detection of tsunamis and seafloor movement.

SeismicMeasure acceleration to nano-g’s with 3 g full-scale strong motion sensors and tilt to less than 1 nano-radian with +/- 9 degrees Quartz Tiltmeters.


Atmospheric Measurements


Pacific Ocean Microbaroms Using IIR FilterPacific Ocean Microbaroms Using IIR Filter

Residual Noise Between Two Independent Barometers = 0.4 mPa

5:57:00 5:57:05 5:57:10 5:57:15 5:57:20 5:57:25 5:57:3099464

99465

99466

99467

99468

99469

99470

99471

Abso

lute

Pre

ssur

e (P

asca

l)

Time (PDT) April 20, 2010

Space Shuttle Pressure Signature

-6

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200Seconds after 10/3/09 8:00 UTC

Pa

Sakurajima Eruption Measured 1000 km Away at Nuclear Test Monitoring Site

Photo Courtesy of Martin Rietze


Infrasound Detection of TsunamisInfrasound Detection of Tsunamis

Plot courtesy of Dr. Nobuo Arai

Infrasound signals associated with the outer-rise earthquake of Oct. 25, 2013 were detected.

Outer‐rise earthquake (Mw=7.1) 2013/10/25 17:10 (UTC) , 10/26 02:10 (JST)Observed tsunamis : Kuji 18:23 (UTC) 40 cm & Souma 18:38 (UTC) 40 cm Outer‐rise earthquake (Mw=7.1) 2013/10/25 17:10 (UTC) , 10/26 02:10 (JST)Observed tsunamis : Kuji 18:23 (UTC) 40 cm & Souma 18:38 (UTC) 40 cm

Ohfunato-chu

Ryouri-chu

Kuji

Souma

Earthquake Infrasound

Tsunami Infrasound

System for Monitoring the Acoustic Signals of Snow Avalanches

156000-16B (Paroscientific)

sprite

well-developed thunderclouds

lightning

tornadoprecipitation

hail

vortex rotation

microbarograph array

microbarograph array

microbarograph arrayNano Baro

Monitoring Severe Weather withInfrasound Observation Network

Tornado detection with Nano Baro UMass - CASA radar network in Oklahoma

The main objectives of CASA’s Oklahoma radar network was tornado early detection It had been shown (e.g., Bedard) that tornadoes produce infrasound (~1Hz sound waves) We deployed infrasound arrays at two of the Oklahoma radar sites

Results (presented at AMS in New Orleans and the EGU in Vienna) Verified the ability of the Paroscientific barometers to detect distant tornadoes Verified the ability of the Paroscientific barometers to detect wind turbine infrasound emissions

Infrasound signature from a tornado Infrasound signature from a windfarmCourtesy of David Pepyne


GPS Meteorology

GPS Determination of Precipitable Water Vapor

• Measure Total Delay = Ionospheric + Neutral Delays• Ionospheric Delay (frequency dependent) determined by

comparing L1 & L2 GPS signals• Neutral Delay=Wet Delay + Hydrostatic Delay

(Barometric Pressure, Temperature, Humidity dependent)• Calculate Precipitable Water Vapor from Wet Delay

GPS-MET and Nano Baro for Flood Forecasting

Improved flood forecasting benefits from a radar network coupled with a hydrologic model

A key variable for precipitation forecasting is atmospheric water content

High spatial-temporal resolution estimates of atmospheric water content can be made with GPS-meteorology

Dallas Floodway

Street flooding North of DFW, Jan. 2012

Courtesy of David Pepyne


Oceanic Measurements


Photos and Diagrams courtesy of N.O.A.A.

DART Data Buoy Tsunami Warning System


Comparison Comparison NanoNano--Resolution Depth SensorResolution Depth Sensor / BPR/ BPR (with offset)(with offset)

1299.43

1299.44

1299.45

1299.46

1299.47

1299.48

1299.49

1299.50

1299.51

19:49 19:50 19:51 19:52 19:53 19:54 19:55 19:56 19:57 19:58 19:59 20:00 20:01

psi

Comparison NanoComparison Nano--Resolution Depth Sensor / Standard BPR Resolution Depth Sensor / Standard BPR


Tohoku Tsunami Measured in Monterey Tohoku Tsunami Measured in Monterey California with NanoCalifornia with Nano--Resolution Depth SensorResolution Depth Sensor

3-9 Precursor to 3-11 Tsunami

Plot courtesy of Dr. Ryota Hino


DONET Bottom Pressure during the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake

A-2

A-3

A-4

B-5

B-6

B-8

C-9

D-16

E-17

E-18

▋Originals

Plot courtesy of Dr. Hiroyuki Matsumoto


Seismic Measurements

Quartz Seismic Sensors, Inc.

Quartz Triaxial Accelerometers & TiltmetersQuartz Triaxial Accelerometers & Tiltmeters

Applications:

Land-based earthquake detection and geodetic research

Ocean-based measurements for tsunami warning systems and geodesy

Seismo-acoustic measuring systems with nano-resolution barometers

Advantages:

Parts-per-billion resolution over a broad spectrum

High ranges to measure strongest events (no clipping)

High accuracy and low power consumption (1 ma at 3.6 V)

In-situ 1 G referenced calibration methods to eliminate drift

Excellent long-term stability and insensitivity to environmental errors

Applications:

Land-based earthquake detection and geodetic research

Ocean-based measurements for tsunami warning systems and geodesy

Seismo-acoustic measuring systems with nano-resolution barometers

Advantages:

Parts-per-billion resolution over a broad spectrum

High ranges to measure strongest events (no clipping)

High accuracy and low power consumption (1 ma at 3.6 V)

In-situ 1 G referenced calibration methods to eliminate drift

Excellent long-term stability and insensitivity to environmental errors

M9 Honshu Earthquake 11 Mar 2011 05:50-06:50 UTCRecorded with Nano-Resolution Accelerometer in Seattle, WA USA

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

minutes

50 m

icro

-g p

er d

ivis

ion

Earth Tides Measured with NanoEarth Tides Measured with Nano--Resolution Quartz Accelerometer Resolution Quartz Accelerometer

Plots courtesy of Dr. Yuichi Imanishi


OFF MIYAGI PREF 130804 6.0/5.8 131025 FAR E OFF NORTH HONSHU 7.1/7.1

A total

AX

AY

AZ

AX

AY

AZ

0 1000 s

BBOBS‐Z

BBOBS‐X

DPG

OBT‐X

OBT‐Y

BBOBS‐Y

BBOBS‐Z

BBOBS‐X

DPG

OBT‐X

OBT‐Y

BBOBS‐Y

0 1000 s

0 1000 s 0 1000 s

A total

Offsets without internal alignment matrix No offsets with aligned axes

Clipped Clipped

Rise time ~30s Rise time ~30s

Plots Courtesy of Dr. Yoshio Fukao

InIn--situ Calibration Methods forsitu Calibration Methods forImproved Geodetic MeasurementsImproved Geodetic Measurements

Stable Long-term Measurements of Earth Movement to 1 cm/year Using Drift Compensation of Absolute Depth Sensors and/or Triaxial Accelerometers for Tilt

Depth Sensor Stability Referenced to Internal OBS Atmospheric Pressure ( A-0-A Calibration Method )

1 G Referenced Seismology ( Triaxial Accelerometer Axes Compared to the Invariant 1 G Gravity Vector )

Stable Long-term Measurements of Earth Movement to 1 cm/year Using Drift Compensation of Absolute Depth Sensors and/or Triaxial Accelerometers for Tilt

Depth Sensor Stability Referenced to Internal OBS Atmospheric Pressure ( A-0-A Calibration Method )

1 G Referenced Seismology ( Triaxial Accelerometer Axes Compared to the Invariant 1 G Gravity Vector )


Depth Sensor Stability Referenced to Internal OBSAtmospheric Pressure Using A-0-A Calibration Method

Depth Sensor Stability Referenced to Internal OBSAtmospheric Pressure Using A-0-A Calibration Method

Drift at Full Scale (A = 100 MPa), Drift at 0 (8 points linearly connected) & Residuals

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

11/17/2014 12/7/2014 12/27/2014 1/16/2015 2/5/2015 2/25/2015 3/17/2015 4/6/2015 4/26/2015Time [Date]

Drif

t rel

ativ

e to

firs

t A-0

-A [p

pm]

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

Res

idua

ls [p

pm]


Triaxial Acceleration Vector Referenced to 1 G of EarthTriaxial Acceleration Vector Referenced to 1 G of Earth

9.80680

9.80690

9.80700

9.80710

9.80720

9.80730

9.80740

10/18/2014 10/28/2014 11/7/2014 11/17/2014 11/27/2014 12/7/2014 12/17/2014 12/27/2014 1/6/2015

G-v

ecto

r (m

/s^2

)

xyz

Quartz Crystal Pressure Sensors, Triaxial Quartz Crystal Pressure Sensors, Triaxial Accelerometers, and Tiltmeters provide:Accelerometers, and Tiltmeters provide:



Low-cost measurement solutions for new and existing cabled, remote, and mobile platforms



Low-cost measurement solutions for new and existing cabled, remote, and mobile platforms

Paroscientific, Inc.Paroscientific, Inc.Quartz Seismic Sensors, Inc.Quartz Seismic Sensors, Inc.

4500 148th Ave. N.E.4500 148th Ave. N.E.

Redmond, WA 98052Redmond, WA 98052

www.paroscientific.comwww.paroscientific.com

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Quartz Sensors for Improved Disaster Warning Systems and … Slides.pdf · 2017. 3. 1. · Space...

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