Question & Answers for Piping Engineer

8/10/2019 Question & Answers for Piping Engineer

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FOR PIPING ENGINEERs

KNOWLEDGE TESTING

Please help to answer this Examination?

! "an #o$ explain in %etail three or more ma&or %i''eren(es )etween (o%e *NSI +,!

an% (o%e *NSI +,!,?-! There is a power plant insi%e a Pro(ess re'iner#! Where exa(tl# the *NSI +,! .

*NSI +,!, s(ope )rea/ o(($rs?

,! Whi(h o' the 'ollowin0 pipin0 s#stem is more health ha1ar%o$s! *2 F$el oil pipin0 )2

Pro(ess pipin0 with "a$sti( (2 pro(ess pipin0 with 3F a(i% %2 S$lph$ri( a(i% pipin0!

4! There is a steam pipin0 with low po(/et )$t witho$t steam trap! What will )e worst

(onse5$en(e o' this la#o$t?

6! In what (ir($mstan(e7 the re%$(er o' a p$mp s$(tion pipin0 will )e in )ottom 'lat

position! Explain wh# the re%$(er sho$l% )e so!

8! * P.ID shows a spe( )rea/ 9at Flan0e2 )etween (ar)on steel . stainless steelspe(i'i(ation! What a%%itional arran0ements #o$ ha:e to ma/e 'or that %issimilarmaterial'lan0e &oint?

;! * stainless steel pipin0 spe(i'i(ation mentions Gal:ani1e% (ar)ons steel )olts! Whatis

#o$r 'irst rea(tion ti this an% how %o #o$ re(ti'# it?

=! Draw a t#pi(al steam trap station la#o$t an% explain wh# the existen(e o' a )#>passline aro$n% the trap is not a 0oo% i%ea7 when the (on%ensate is ret$rnin0 to a(on%ensate

hea%er?

! Explain what is a @Do$)le )lo(/ . +lee%A :al:e? Wh# we nee% a )lee% :al:e? When

%o we $se this?

! In a t#pi(al tie>in where sho$l% the spe(ta(le )lin% )e inserte%? a2 a'ter )lo(/ :al:e

an% towar%s existin0 plant )2 )e'ore )lo(/ :al:e an% towar%s new plant! Explain wh#!

-! @Stress intensi'i(ation 'a(tor 9SIF2A Where %o we $se this? Explain this term! 3ow

man# t#pes o' these SIFs exist?,! When all %esi0n parameters are same7 whose thermal expansion is hi0her amon0the

'ollowin0? *2 "ar)on steel )2 Stainless steel (2 D$plex steel %2 "ast Iron e2 Gal:ani1e%

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB


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! What 'a(tors to (onsi%er 'or site sele(tion?

*ns C Distri(t (lassi'i(ation7 Transportation 'a(ilities7 anpower

a:aila)ilit#7 in%$strial in'rastr$(t$re7 (omm$nit# in'rastr$(t$re7 a:aila)ilit#

o' raw water7 e''l$ent %isposal7 a:aila)ilit# o' power7 a:aila)ilit# o'

in%$strial 0as7 site si1e an% nat$re7 e(olo0# an% poll$tion!

-! What are %i''erent stan%ar%s?

*ns C ost (ommonl# $se stan%ar%s are as 'ollowsC

Sr! Stan%ar% Des(ription

! *NSI +

-! *NSI +8!, allea)le iron threa%e% 'ittin0s

,! *NSI +8!4 "ast iron threa%e% 'ittin0s!

4! *NSI +8!= Steel )$ttwel%in0 'ittin0s

6! *NSI +8! For0e% steel so(/etwel%in0 an% threa%e% 'ittin0s

8! *NSI +8!-6 +$ttwel%in0 en%s

;! *NSI +8!-< Short el)ow ra%i$s an% ret$rns

SP>4, Stainless steel )$ttwel% 'ittin0s

=! SS>SP>-! *NSI +8! Fa(e to 'a(e an% en% to en% %imensions o' :al:es

-! *NSI +8!,4 Steel :al:es7 'lan0e% an% )$ttwel%in0 en%s!

,! What are :ario$s temporar# (los$res 'or lines?

*ns C Line )lin% :al:e7 line )lin%7 spe(ta(le plate7 %o$)le )lo(/ an% )lee%7

)lin% 'lan0es repla(in0 a remo:a)le spool!

4! Where &a(/e% s(rewe% 'lan0e is $se% ?

*ns C For spe(ta(le %is(s7 one 'lan0e is &a(/e% s(rew 'lan0e! This 'lan0e

has two &a(/e% s(rews


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8! Where )lin% 'lan0e is $se% ?

*ns C It is $se% with :iew to '$t$re expansion o' the pipin0 s#stem7 or 'or

(leanin07 inspe(tion et(!

TOWERS

;! What are (r$%e oil ran0es?

*ns C "r$%e oil +P Ran0eC F>4F7 li0htest materialC +$tene )elow

F7 3ea:ier materials> $pto

*ns C Stripper7 a($$m tower7 tra#e%7 pa(/e% towers!

! What is (himne# tra#?

*ns C Its a soli% plate with (entral (himne# se(tion7 $se% at %rawo''

se(tions o' the tower!

! What 'a(tors to (onsi%er while settin0 tower ele:ation?

*ns C NPS37 Operator a((ess7 aintenan(e a((ess7 inim$m (learan(e7

re)oiler t#pe 7 (ommon area7 t#pe o' s$pport7 Tower %imensions7 t#pe o'

hea%7 )ottom o$tlet si1e7 'o$n%ation %etails7 minim$m (learan(es!

-! 3ow to lo(ate% tower maintenan(e a((ess no11les ?

*ns C *t )ottom7 top an% interme%iate se(tions o' tower7 m$st not )e at

the %own(omer se(tion o' tower an% in 'ront o' internal pipin0!

,! 3ow to lo(ate% 'ee% no11le ?

*ns C $st )e oriente% in spe(i'i( area o' tra# )# means o' internal

pipin0!

4! 3ow to lo(ate% temperat$re an% press$re instr$ments ?

*ns C Temperat$re in li5$i% spa(e7 at %own(omer si%e an% press$re in

:apor spa(e7 in area ex(ept %own(omer se(tor!

! What are the steps in sele(tion o' :al:e?

*ns C What to han%le7 li5$i%7 0as or pow%er7 'l$i% nat$re7 '$n(tion7

(onstr$(tion material7 %is( t#pe7 stem t#pe7 how to operate7 )onnet t#pe7

)o%# en%s7 %eli:er# time7 (ost7 warrant#!

-! What are '$n(tions o' :al:es?

*ns C Isolation7 re0$lation7 non>ret$rn an% spe(ial p$rposes!


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,! What are isolatin0 :al:es?

*ns C Gate7 )all7 pl$07 piston7 %iaphra0m7 )$tter'l#7 pin(h!

4! What are re0$lation :al:es?

*ns C Glo)e7 nee%le7 )$tter'l#7 %iaphra0m7 piston7 pin(h!

6! What are non>ret$rn :al:es?

*ns C (he(/ :al:e78! What are spe(ial :al:es?

*ns C m$lti>port7 'l$sh )ottom7 'loat7 'oot7 press$re relie'7 )reather!

;! What materials are $se% 'or (onstr$(tion o' :al:es?

*ns C "ast iron7 )ron1e7 0$n metal7 (ar)on steel7 stainless steel7 allo#

(ar)on steel7 pol#prop#lene an% other plasti(s7 spe(ial allo#s!

*ns C Trim is (ompose% o' stem7 seat s$r'a(es7 )a(/ seat )$shin0 an%

other small internal parts that normall# (onta(t the s$r'a(e 'l$i%!

=! Whi(h stan%ar% spe(i'ies trim n$m)ers 'or :al:e ?

*ns C *PI 8!

! What are wette% parts o' :al:e?

*ns C *ll parts that (ome in (onta(t with s$r'a(e 'l$i% are (alle% wette%

parts!

! What is wire %rawin0?

*ns C This term is $se% to in%i(ate the premat$re erosion o' the :al:e

seat (a$se% )# ex(essi:e :elo(it# )etween seat an% seat %is(7 when :al:e

is not (lose% ti0htl#!

-! What is strai0ht thro$0h :al:e?

*ns C al:e in whi(h the (losin0 operation o' :al:e is a(hie:e% )#

=%e0rees t$rn o' the (losin0 element!

,! What press$re tests are (arrie% o$t on :al:es?*ns C Shell>h#%rostati(7 seat>h#%rostati(7 seat>pne$mati(

4! What are a:aila)le :al:e operators?

*ns C 3an%le:er7 han%wheel7 (hain operator7 0ear operator7 powere%

operator li/es ele(tri( motor7 solenoi%7 pne$mati( an% h#%ra$li(

operators7 $i(/ a(tin0 operators 'or non>rotar# :al:es 9han%le li't2!

6! What are two t#pes o' )all :al:e?

*ns C F$ll port %esi0n an% re0$lar port %esi0n7 a((or%in0 to t#pe o' seat7

so't seat an% metal seat!

8! What are )all :al:e )o%# t#pes?

*ns C Sin0le pie(e7 %o$)le pie(e7 three pie(e7 the short pattern7 lon0

pattern7 san%wit(h an% 'l$sh )ottom %esi0n!

;! Wh# )all :al:es are normall# 'lan0e%?

*ns C +e(a$se o' so't seat PTFE whi(h (an %ama0e %$rin0 wel%in0!

=! What are t#pes o' (he(/ :al:e?

*ns C Li't (he(/ :al:es an% swin0 (he(/ :al:es!


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-! What are non>slam (he(/ :al:es?

*ns C Swin0 (he(/ :al:e7 (on:entional (he(/ :al:e7 wa'er (he(/ :al:e7

tiltin0 %is( (he(/ :al:e7 piston (he(/ :al:e7 stop (he(/ :al:e7 )all (he(/

:al:e!

-! Where stop (he(/ :al:e is $se% ?

*ns C In stem 0eneration )# m$ltiple )oilers7 where a :al:e is inserte%)etween ea(h )oiler an% the main steam hea%er! It (an )e optionall#

(lose% a$tomati(all# or normall#!

--! Where %iaphra0m :al:es are $se% ?

*ns C se% 'or low press$re (orrosi:e ser:i(es as sh$t o'' :al:es!

-,! What is +arsto(/ al:e?

*nsC *n# :al:e ha:in0 a )o%# ma(hine% 'rom soli% metal 9)arsto(/2!

s$all# nee%le or 0lo)e t#pe!

-4! What is +I++ al:e?

*nsC * small :al:e with t$rne% %own en%7 li/e a 'a$(et!

-6! What is +lee% al:e?

*nsC Small :al:e pro:i%e% 'or %rawin0 o'' li5$i%!

-8! What is +lowDown al:e?

*ns Re'ers to a pl$0 t#pe %is( 0lo)e :al:e $se% 'or remo:in0 sl$%0e an%

se%imentar# matter 'rom the )ottom o' )oiler %r$ms7 :essels7 %riple0s

et(!

-;! What is +reather al:e?

*nsC * spe(ial sel' a(tin0 :al:e installe% on stora0e tan/s et(! to release

:apor or 0as on sli0ht in(rease o' internal press$re 9 in the re0ion o' H to

, o$n(es per s5$are in(h2!

-

*nsC * %rain :al:e 'itte% to the )ottom o' a %riplet to permit )low%own!-=! What is Flap al:e?

*nsC * non ret$rn :al:e ha:in0 a hin0e% %is( or r$))er or leather 'lap

$se% 'or low press$re lines!

,! What is 3ose al:e?

*nsC * 0ate or 0lo)e :al:e ha:in0 one o' its en%s externall# threa%e% to

one o' the hose threa% stan%ar%s in $se in the S*! These :al:es are

$se% 'or :ehi($lar an% 'irewater (onne(tions!

,! What is Paper>Sto(/ al:e?

*nsC * sin0le %is( sin0le seat 0ate :al:e 9Sli%e 0ate2 with /ni'e e%0e% or

not(he% %is( $se% to re0$late 'low o' paper sl$rr# or other 'i)ro$s sl$rr#!

,-! What is Root al:e?

*nsC * :al:e $se% to isolate a press$re element or instr$ment 'rom a line

or :essel7 or a :al:e pla(e% at the )e0innin0 o' a )ran(h 'orm the

hea%er!

,,! What is Sl$rr# :al:e?

*nsC * /ni'e e%0e :al:e $se% to (ontrol 'low o' non>a)rasi:e sl$rries!

,4! What is Spiral so(/ :al:e?


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*nsC * :al:e $se% to (ontrol 'low o' pow%ers )# means o' a twista)le

'a)ri( t$)e or so(/!

,6! What is Throttlin0 :al:e?

*nsC *n# :al:e $se% to (losel# re0$late 'low in the &$st>open position!

,8! What is a($$m )rea/er?

*nsC * spe(ial sel'>a(tin0 :al:e or na# :al:e s$ita)le 'or :a($$m ser:i(e7operate% man$all# or a$tomati(all#7 installe% to a%mit 0as 9$s$all#

atmospheri( air2 into a :a($$m or low>press$re spa(e! S$(h :al:es are

installe% on hi0h points o' pipin0 or :essels to permit %rainin0 an%

sometimes to pre:ent siphonin0!

,;! What is $i(/ a(tin0 :al:e ?

*nsC *n# ono'' :al:e rapi%l# opera)le7 either )# man$al le:er7 sprin0 or

)# piston7 solenoi% or le:er with heat>'$si)le lin/ releasin0 a wei0ht whi(h

in 'allin0 operates the :al:e! $i(/ a(tin0 :al:es are %esira)le in lines

(on:e#in0 'lamma)le li5$i%s! ns$ita)le 'or water or 'or li5$i% ser:i(e in

0eneral witho$t a ($shionin0 %e:i(e to prote(t pipin0 'rom sho(/!

,

*ns C This :al:e swit(h 'low 'rom one main line to two %i''erent o$tlets!

WJE t#pe an% pne$mati( (ontrol t#pe with no mo:in0 part!

,=! What is samplin0 :al:e?

*ns C s$all# o' nee%le or 0lo)e pattern7 pla(e% in )ran(h line 'or the

p$rpose o' %rawin0 all samples o' pro(ess material thr$ the )ran(h!

4! What are )low o'' :al:e?

*ns C It is a :ariet# o' 0lo)e :al:e (on'irmin0 with )oiler (o%e

re5$irements an% spe(iall# %esi0ne% 'or )oiler )lowo'' ser:i(e! WJE

pattern an% an0le t#pe7 $se% to remo:e air an% other 0ases 'rom )oilers

et(!4! What is relie' :al:e?

*ns C al:e to relie:e ex(ess press$re in li5$i%s in sit$ations where '$ll

'low %is(har0e is not re5$ire%7 when release o' small :ol$me o' li5$i%

wo$l% rapi%l# lower press$re!

4-! What is sa'et# :al:e?

*ns C Rapi% openin09poppin0 a(tion2 '$ll 'low :al:e 'or air an% other

0ases!

4,! What is 'oot :al:e?

*ns C al:e $se% to maintain a hea% o' water on the s$(tion si%e o' s$mp

p$mp7 )asi(all# a li't (he(/ :al:e with inte0rate% strainer!

44! What is 'loat :al:e?

*ns C se% to (ontrol li5$i% le:el in tan/s7 operate% )# 'loat7 whi(h rises

with li5$i% le:el an% opens the :al:e to (ontrol water le:el! It (an also

remo:e air 'rom s#stem7 in whi(h (ase7 air 'lows o$t o' s#stem in :al:e

open (on%ition7 )$t when water rea(hes :al:e7 'loat insi%e :al:e raises to

(lose the :al:e an% stop 'low o' water! se% in %rip le0s!

46! What are 'l$sh )ottom :al:es?


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*ns C Spe(ial t#pe o' :al:es $se% to %rain o$t the pipin07 rea(tors an%

:essels7 atta(he% on pa% t#pe no11les!

48! What are t#pes o' 'l$sh )ottom :al:es?

*ns C al:es with %is(s openin0 into the tan/ an% :al:es with %is/s into

the :al:e!

4;! What are the $ses o' three>wa# :al:e?*ns C *lternate (onne(tion o' the two s$ppl# lines to a (ommon %eli:er#

:ise :ersa7 isolatin0 one sa'et# :al:e7 %i:ision o' 'low with isolation

'a(ilit#!

4

*ns C Re:ersal o' p$mp s$(tion an% %eli:er#7 +# pass o' strainer or

meter7 re:ersal o' 'low thro$0h 'ilter7 heat ex(han0er or %r#er!

4=! What is metal seate% l$)ri(ate% pl$0 :al:e?

*ns C * pl$0 :al:e with no plasti( material7 where 0rease is applie% to

(onta(tin0 s$r'a(es 'or eas# operation!

6! What are three patterns o' pl$0 :al:e %esi0n?

*ns C Re0$lar pattern7 short pattern an% :ent$r# pattern!

6! What is re0$lar pattern pl$0 :al:e?

*ns C Re(tan0$lar port7 area almost e5$al to pipe )ore7 smooth transition

'rom ro$n% )o%# to re(tan0$lar port7 'or minim$m press$re loss!

6-! What are short pattern pl$0 :al:e?

*ns C al:es with 'a(e to 'a(e %imension o' 0ate :al:e7 as a alternati:e to

0ate :al:e!

6,! What are :ent$r# pattern pl$0 :al:e?

*ns C "han0e o' se(tion thro$0h the )o%# throat so 0ra%e% to ha:e

:ent$r# e''e(t7 minim$m press$re loss!

64! What are in:erte% pl$0 %esi0n :al:e?*ns C Pl$0 :al:e with taper portion $p o' pl$0! For *ns C O'' (enter pl$07 (orrosi:e an% a)rasi:e ser:i(e7 on o'' a(tion7

mo:es into an% awa# 'rom seat eliminatin0 a)rasi:e wear!

6=! What is %imensional stan%ar% 'or pl$0 :al:e?

*ns C *PI 6==!

8! What is pin(h :al:e?


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*ns C Similar to %iaphra0m :al:e7 with slee:es o' r$))er or PTFE7 whi(h

0et s5ee1e% to (ontrol or stop the 'low7 "ast iron )o%#7 'or :er# low

ser:i(e press$res li/e isolation o' hose (onne(tions7 man$'a(t$re

stan%ar%!

8! What is nee%le :al:e?

*ns CF$ll p#rami% %is(7 same %esi0n as 0lo)e :al:e7 smaller si1es7 sw orthrea%e%7 'low (ontrol7 %is( (an )e inte0ral with stem7 insi%e s(rew7

)or0e% or )arsto(/ )o%# an% )onnet7 man$'a(t$rers stan%ar%!

8-! 3ow to install a 0lo)e :al:e ?

*ns C Glo)e :al:e sho$l% )e installe% s$(h that the 'low is 'rom the

$n%ersi%e o' the %is/7 s$all# 'low %ire(tion is mar/e% on the 0lo)e :al:e!

8,! What are 0lo)e :al:e port t#pes?

*ns C F$ll portC ore than )o%# 0lo)e

:al:e7 (omposite %is( 0lo)e :al:e7 %o$)le %is( 0lo)e :al:e!

8;! What is an0le 0lo)e :al:e?

*ns C En%s at = %e0ree to sa:e el)ow7 hi0her press$re %rop!

8

*ns C For se:ere re0$latin0 ser:i(e with 0ritt# li5$i%s s$(h as )oiler'ee%water an% 'or )low o'' ser:i(e!

8=! Where WJE )o%# 0lo)e :al:e is $se% ?

*ns C In line ports with stem emer0in0 at 46 %e0ree7 'or erosi:e 'l$i%s

%$e to smoother 'low pattern!

;! What is %o$)le %is( 0lo)e :al:e ?

*ns C 3as two %is(s )earin0 on separate seats spa(e% apart7 on a sin0le

sha't7 'or low tor5$e7 $se% 'or (ontrol :al:es!

;! What are port t#pes 'or 0ate :al:es?

*ns C F$ll port an% re%$(e% port! De'a$lt is re%$(e% )ore! F$ll port has to

)e spe(i'ie% in )om!

;-! 3ow to (lose a 0ate :al:e ?

*ns CT$rn the han%wheel in (lo(/wise %ire(tion!

;,! What is lantern rin0?

*ns C Its a (olle(tion point to %rain o'' an# ha1ar%o$s seepa0es or as a

point where l$)ri(ant (an )e in&e(te%7 it is in the mi%%le o' pa(/in0 rin0s!

;4! What are t#pes o' 0ate :al:es?

*ns C Soli% plane we%0e7 soli% 'lexi)le we%0e7 split we%0e7 %o$)le %is(


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paralles seats7 %o$)le %is( we%0e7 sin0le %is( sin0le seat 0ate or sli%e7

sin0le %is( parallel seats7 pl$0 0ate :al:e!

;6! What are the t#pes o' )onnets?

*ns C +olte% )onnet7 )ellow seale% )onnet7 s(rewe% on )onnet7 $nion

)onnets7 * >)olt an% (lamp t#pe )onnet7 )ree(hlo(/ )onnet7 press$re

seal )onnet!

Pipin0 *

! What is the pipe si1e ran0e7 per Fl$or Daniel stan%ar%7 'or pipe spools that are to )eshop 'a)ri(ate%?3 diameter and larger

-! What is the pipe si1e ran0e7 per Fl$or Daniel stan%ar%7 'or pipe spools that are to )e'iel% 'a)ri(ate%?

2 diameter and smaller

,! De'ine what pipin0 is (onsi%ere% 'iel% assem)l#!Off-the-shelf components that make-up a piping assembly and do not reuirecutting and / or !elding


10/27

$conomics4ade in a location that !ould lessen or eliminate the need for additionalscaffolding.

Pipin0 *

*elf-supporting so temporary supports are not reuired during construction.

4ade on the smaller side of a reducer.#referably made in the horiontal

$p wel% 9FFW2 an% when it is $se%!

,ield ,it eld is a !eld made some!here other than the fabrication shop.he fabrication shop adds additional length of material to the spool piece. hisadditional length gi+es the field +ariance for ad5ustment !hen the location of theconnecting point is not kno!n.

=! Per Fl$or Daniel stan%ar%7 what is the (onstr$(tion 9'ittin0 t#pe2 o'C

Pipe si1e ran0e - HA an% lar0er? 6utt-!eld

Pipe si1e ran0e -A an% smaller? *ocket eldedPipe si1e ran0e -A an% smaller? *cre!ed or hreaded

! What is the minim$m 9not a)sol$te minim$m2 %istan(e )etween wel%s that Fl$orDaniel li/es to $se?

3 inches

! What is the a)sol$te minim$m %istan(e )etween wel%s 9$se% onl# as a last (hoi(e2?

#ipe *ie 7#*0 4in. distance b/! !elds1/8 3/191 /: 1/:3/8; /19

1/2; =/193/:; 1/21; 11/191 1/:; 13/191 1/2; 1/192; 1 3/192 1/2; 1 /193; 1 3/:3 1/2; 2:; 2 1/:; 2 3/:

?alf the outside diameter of pipe 9 and larger0

-! What %o the letters 3* mean?

?eat &ffected @oneKavimagi Pa0e , o' , ,! What is the e''e(t o' the 3*?eakens the material pipe !all0

Pipin0 *

4! 3ow 'ar 'rom the wel%7 is the 3*?


11/27

A or 1

6! Wh# %o pipin0 %esi0ners (are a)o$t the 3*?

"f t!o ?&@Bs o+erlap each other it may result in failure of the pipe

8! When is the 3* (onsi%ere% in threa%e% (onstr$(tion?

hen threaded connection is seal !elded;! What are the press$re ratin0s o' 'or0e% steel So(/et Wel% Fittin0s?

3CCCD9CCCD

1CD

3CCD

-! What are the press$re ratin0s o' (ast iron threa%e% 'ittin0s?

12D2CD

List the wall thi(/ness 'or pipe7 startin0 with the thinnest wall to the hea:iest wallC

'arbon *teel E &lloy steel 13 schedules0*ch 1CF*ch 2CF*ch 3CF*ch :CF*td tF*ch 9CF*ch 8CFG*F*ch 1CCF*ch 12CF*ch 1:CF*ch 19CFGG**tainless *teel : schedules0*ch *F

*ch 1C*F*ch :C*F*ch 8C*

Pipin0 *

--! What is the te(hni(al term $se% 'or the sa0 in pipe (a$se% )# 0ra:it# an% how %oesa''e(t pipin0 %esi0n?

Heflection


12/27

"t go+ern the amount of pipe span

-,! I' one 4A (ar)on steel pipe is s(he%$le 4 an% another 4A (ar)on steel pipe iss(he%$le wel% re%$(er $se% 'or a line si1e (han0e?

hen reducing from or to butt !elded construction on both ends.

Whenwhere %o #o$ $se e((entri(7 )ottom 'lat swa0es or re%$(ers an% wh#?

"n any horiontal run of pipeF that has t!o or more supports !ithin that run.o maintain a common bottom of pipe ele+ation for the t!o line sies.

Whenwhere %o #o$ $se e((entri(7 top 'lat swa0es or re%$(ers an% wh#?

sed at the final reduction on a pump end suction line.

Pipin0 *

o pre+ent ca+itation of the pump.

Whenwhere %o #o$ $se e((entri(7 si%e 'lat swa0es or re%$(ers an% wh#?

sed !hen t!o euipment connections are so close that the t!o connectingFad5acent lines interfere !ith each other after the line sie change."f they are side flat to!ard each otherF the lines may clear.


13/27

When %o #o$ $se )$tt>wel% re%$(in0 = %e0ree el)ows an% wh#?

7ormally it is not ,KO% piping practice to use reducing butt-!eld C degreereducing elbo!s."f they are usedF it !ill be !here a sie change is reuired and there is insufficientspace a+ailable for an elbo! and a reducer or an elbo! and a reducing flange - or

if the client reuires it.Wh# wo$l% a short ra%i$s )$tt>wel% =>%e0ree ell )e $se%?

o adhere to ,KO% piping practice CCC 2C 29C !here it states 1C; and largerelbo!s at a nole of a +ertical +essel are short radius decreases the ;l;dimension so a standard +essel pipe support can be used0.

Wh# wo$l% a short ra%i$s )$tt>wel% =>%e0ree ell not )e $se%?

"t is easy to ;lose; a short radius elbo! if shipped to the 5obsiteor fabrication shop !ith long radius elbo!s of the same sie.&dditional tracking effort may result to keep the short radius elbo! from being

;lost; or used inad+ertently !here it !as not intended to be used.Often the use of a short radius elbo! reuires client appro+alF or process re+ie!For stress appro+al - all taking time that !ould not be taken for a long radiuselbo!.

-8! What is a trimme% ell an% when is it $se%?

& trimmed elbo! is a butt !eld C degree long radius elbo! that is cut andbe+eled to match the original be+elF the resulting change of direction is no longerC degrees but is a non-standard angle suited for the piping geometry reuiringit.rimmed elbo!s are used !hen a line routing must ha+e a change of directionthat is not satisfied by a C or :-degree elbo! or by elbo!s being rolled oroffset.

Des(ri)e a st$)>on (onne(tion an% when it is $se%?

& stub-on connection is a branch connection made to a header !ithout the use offittings - the connection is made from pipe. the branch pipe is contoured fish-mouthed0 to match the cur+ature of the header to !hich it !ill be connected afillet !eld0. & hole is made in the header that should match the inside diameter ofthe branch pipe. he stub-on connection is not the same construction as a

Pipin0 *

stub-in connection - but the resulting geometry is the same as a stub-on. *tub-onconnections are generally C degreeF but can be other angles.6ranch table

-in (onne(tion an% when it is $se%?

,luor piping does not use the stub-in construction. & stub-in connection is thesame as a stub-on connection as far as the resulting geometry and material goesFbut the construction is different. he branch pipe may or may not be contoured tomatch the inside diameter of the header - if it is notF then it is a straight cut. he


14/27

header !ill ha+e a hole cut in it that nearly matches the outside diameter of thebranch pipe. he branch pipe is inserted into the hole in the header and isconnected +ia a fillet !eld. Kike the stub-onF the stub-in is generally C degreeand other angles are possible.'lient reuest

-=! Des(ri)e a rein'or(in0 pa% an% when it is $se%?%einforcing pads are made from the same sieF !all thickness and material as thepipe header to !hich they are !elded.%einforcing pads are used at stub-on and stub-in branch connections andoccasionally at support trunnions !hen specified by the stress sketchF if reuiredper the line list or if reuired per the branch chart in the piping materialspecification.

,! What %o($ment 9name an% 6>%i0et n$m)er2 %oes a pipin0 %esi0ner re'er to%etermine what )ran(h (onne(tion to $se?

#iping material specification

,! What are the two %o($ments 9not spe(i'i(ations2 that will tell a pipin0 %esi0ner when)ran(h rein'or(ement is re5$ire%?

*tress sketchKine list

,-! What is the pipe si1e ran0e in whi(h all 'lan0es are stan%ar%?

2: inch and smaller

,,! What is the pipe si1e ran0e in whi(h all 'lan0es are not?

29 inch and larger

List the in'ormation to )e pla(e% on the isometri( that will '$ll# %es(ri)e a non>stan%ar%'lan0e an% what is the reason we wo$l% in(l$%e this in'ormation?

Reason 'or in(l$%in0 the in'ormation!

o guaranteeF !ithout failureF the flanges are compatible.

In'ormation to )e pla(e% on ISO!

Pipin0 *

&7*" number or other industry number "F 4**0*ie%ating,acing

Outside diameter of flange6olt circle diameter6olt hole diameter7umber of bolt holes,lange bore4aterial6olt hole orientation,lange thickness


15/27

,6! What 'a(in0 is re5$ire% on a steel 'lan0e that will )e )olte% to a (ast iron 'lan0e an%wh#?

,lat ,acehere is a risk of breaking the cast iron flange if it is bolted to a raised face steelflange.

,8! What are two press$re ratin0s o' (ast iron 'lan0es an% what are the ratin0s o'(ompati)le steel 'lan0es?

12D 'ast iron to 1CD steelF2CD cast iron to 3CCD steel.

,;! 3ow is (ast iron 'lan0e atta(he% to steel pipe?

he flange is threaded on.

,

*tub end &7*" E 4**

4! What is the %i''eren(e )etween a :an stone 'lan0e an% a slip on 'lan0e?

he shape of the contact point !here the face of flange contacts the lip of thestub end is rounded on the +an stone flange and is suare on the slip on flange.

4! In lap &oint (onstr$(tion7 how man# wel%s are on a slip 'lan0e?

@ero.

In lap &oint (onstr$(tion7 how man# wel%s are on a :an stone 'lan0e?

@ero.

Pipin0 *

4,! List the t#pes o' steel 'lan0es!

eld neck*lip onhreaded*ocket !eldedMan stone%educing$)panding6lind

44! List the 'a(es o' steel 'lan0es!

%aised face


16/27

,lat face%ing 5ointongue and groo+e4ale E ,emale

46! List the ratin0s o' steel 'lan0es!

1CD3CCD:CCD9CCDCCD1CCD2CCD

48! 3ow are 'lan0e )oltholes oriente% on 'lan0es on :erti(al line?

6oltholes straddle the north-south-east-!est flange centerlines

4;! 3ow are 'lan0e )oltholes oriente% on 'lan0es on hori1ontal line?

6oltholes straddle the +ertical and horiontal flange centerlines

al:es are $se% 'or three )asi( 'low '$n(tions 9not (ontrol :al:es or press$re sa'et#:al:es2! List three '$n(tions an% the t#pe o' :al:e $se% 'or ea(h '$n(tion!

,unction6KO'( ?%OK$ '?$'( ypeN&$/6&KK/#KN/6$%,K L 6KO'(NKO6$ L ?%OK$'?$'( L '?$'(

Pipin0 *4=! What are the two st#les o' )$tter'l# :al:es in 'lan0e% pipin0 an% their asso(iate%t#pe o' )olt?

&. &,$% - *H 6OK/4&'?"7$ 6OK6. KN #$ - ' *'%$

6! What are the two main st#les o' (he(/ :al:es in 'lan0e% pipin0 an% their asso(iate%t#pe o' )olt?

&. *"7N - *H 6OK/4&'?"7$ 6OK6. &,$%/*#K" H"*' - *H 6OK/4&'?"7$ 6OK

6! Not $sin0 a la%%er or plat'orm7 how is a :al:e operate% that isC

Too hi0h > '?&"7 O#$%&O%Too low > $G$7*"O7 *$4

6-! What is the minim$m (learan(e )etween the o$tsi%e %iameter o' a :al:e han% wheelan% the next o)str$(tion?

hree inches

6,! I' a :al:e han% wheel pro&e(ts into an aisle wa#7 to what ele:ation m$st the )ottomo' the han% wheel )e raise% a)o:e 3PFS 93i0h Point Finishe% S$r'a(e2 or plat'orm?


17/27

9I-9; plus or minus 3; 9I-3; to 9I-;0

64! What man$all# operate% item is a%%e% to a :al:e that is either to lar0e or is to hi0h apress$re to operate an% how %o #o$ /now it will )e re5$ire% 90i:e the name o' thespe(i'i(ation2?

> & N$&% O#$%&O%

> 4&$%"&K *#$'","'&"O7

66! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e has a )lo(/ :ale $pstream o' it7 what note m$st appear onthe P.ID relatin0 to this )lo(/ :al:e an% wh#?

'*O car sealed open0 or KO locked open0. o help ensure that the +al+e is open during normal plant operation so that if acondition resulting in o+erpressuriation occursF the +al+e is open and the relief+al+e can function properly.

68! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e %ownstream o' it7 what note m$st appear on the P.IDrelatin0 to this )lo(/ :al:e an% wh#?

'*O car sealed open0 or KO locked open0

o help ensure that the +al+e is open during normal plant operation so that if acondition resulting in o+erpressuriation occursF the +al+e is open and the relief+al+e can function properly.

6;! The pipin0 %ownstream o' a press$re sa'et# :al:e that %is(har0es to a (lose%s#stem m$st )e ro$te% in a spe(i'i( %ire(tion7 what is this %ire(tion an% wh#?

%outed in such a manner as to free drain into the collection header.*o no liuid can collect and possibly obstruct the free release of pressure.

Pipin0 *

6

he hand!heel is to be located !ithin the lo!er 18C degrees - horiontal tohoriontal. his is to pre+ent the disc falling into the port if the stem corrodes - therebyclosing the +al+e and pre+enting the free release of pressure.

6=! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e has a r$pt$re %is( $pstream7 what is the p$rpose o' ther$pt$re %is(?

he rupture disc isolates the relief +al+e from the potentially corrosi+eatmosphere of the system to be protected - protecting the stem from corrosion.

8! When a press$re sa'et# :al:e %is(har0es :erti(all# to atmosphere7 what m$st )ea%%e% to the lowest part o' the tail pipe7 what si1e is it an% wh# is it a%%e%?

& !eep hole. 1/:; diameter o drain the collection of rain !ater in the open tailpipe that if allo!ed to collectcould obstruct the free release of pressure

8! What is the en% preparation 'or the en% tailpipe o' a press$re sa'et# :al:e%is(har0in0 :erti(all# to atmosphere an% wh#?

*uare cut/plain end


18/27

here is no need to be+el or :-degree chamfer because it is unnecessary cost.

8-! What is the 'orm$la 'or (al($latin0 the 'ree stan%in0 9$n0$i%e%2 len0th o' a tailpipeo' a press$re sa'et# :al:e %is(har0in0 :erti(all# to atmosphere?

1.9= ) outside diameter in inches0 of the ail #ipe J the height in feet.

8,! I' a press$re sa'et# :al:e has a small7 :al:e% an% pl$00e% (onne(tion in the area)etween the )lo(/ :al:e an% the press$re sa'et# :al:e7 %es(ri)e the p$rpose an%operation o' this :al:e!

,or bleeding pressure and +enting any trapped commodity soF the relief +al+e canbe safely remo+ed for maintenance.

84! Per Fl$or Daniel Stan%ar%7 what is the r$le 'or esta)lishin0 the hei0ht o' a tailpipe o'a press$re sa'et# :al:e that %is(har0es to atmosphere?

he top of a tailpipe discharging to atmosphere must be a minimum of 8I-C;abo+e any platform !ithin a 2I-C; radius of the tailpipe.

86! The sprin0 on a press$re sa'et# :al:e m$st )e oriente% in whi(h %ire(tion an% wh#?

Mertically up!ard.o keep the spring out of any liuid that could corrode the spring.

Pipin0 *

88! "oolin0 water pipin0 at the (hannel si%e o' a shell an% t$)e heat ex(han0er that islo(ate% o$tsi%e in the s$nli0ht will t#pi(all# ha:e a ?$%4&K %$K"$, M&KM$ lo(ate%)etween the ex(han0er no11le an% the )lo(/ :al:e! Wh# is this %one?o protect the tubes of the e)changer from splitting due to o+erpressuriation ofthe system !hen the +al+es upstream and do!nstream of the e)changer areclosed. *unlight can cause a temperature rise of the trapped liuidF causing a risein pressure.

8;! What is the most (ommon )o%# st#le 'or (ontrol :al:es?

Nlobe

8

3/:; +al+ed E plugged bleed +al+e. o drain and depressurie the +olume of trapped liuid for the safe remo+al ofthe control +al+e for maintenance.

8=! I' a (ontrol :al:e mani'ol% has a )#pass line what is the %istan(e )etween the)#pass :al:e an% the main line an% wh#?

4inimum distance. o pre+ent a dead leg in the bypass line.

;! What is the minim$m (learan(e )etween the top o' the %iaphra0m on a (ontrol :al:ean% the nearest o)str$(tion a)o:e it?

1B-C 12 inches0

;! In a (ontrol :al:e mani'ol% with $pstream an% %own stream )lo(/ :al:es

*! What is the )rea/o$t spool pie(e 'or?


19/27

$asy remo+al of the control +al+e.

+! What is the pre'erre% (on'i0$ration o' the )rea/o$t spool pie(e an% wh#?

#referred configuration is !ith an elbo!. "t is easier to remo+e than a straight spool piece that reuires a flange spreader.he ;l; shape allo!s gra+ity to aid in its remo+al.

;-! Who %etermines the si1e o' the (ontrol :al:e?

#rocess

;,! Who %etermines the si1e o' the )#pass :al:e?

#rocess

Who %etermines the $pstream an% %ownstream )lo(/ :al:es?

#rocess

Pipin0 *

;6! I' #o$ are esta)lishin0 the o:erall len0th o' a (ontrol :al:e main 'ol% 'or allo(ation o'spa(e an% #o$ %o not ha:e a :en%or %rawin0 0i:in0 the 'a(e to 'a(e %imension o' the

(ontrol :al:e7 what :al:e will #o$ $se as a s$)stit$te 'a(e to 'a(e %imension 9ass$methe (ontrol :al:e is 8A>,,RF2?

& 9;-3CCD NKO6$ M&KM$ O% #"#"7N #%&'"'$ CCC 2C 2=C1

;8! When a (ontrol :al:e an% its %ownstream )lo(/ :al:e are the same si1e an% ratin07the# (an )e )olte% to0ether! What possi)le pro)lem (an o(($r when these two :al:esare )olte% to0ether?

he hand!heel of the block +al+e may interfere !ith the top!orks of the control+al+e.

*lso 0i:e me two sol$tions that (o$l% (orre(t the pro)lem!

"f the boltholes permit - rotate the block +al+e so the interference is gone. &dd t!o flanges back to backF andF if necessary add a spool piece to gi+e thenecessary clearances.

;;! There are three thin0s that esta)lish the hei0ht o' a :al$e% %rain 9)ottom o' %rain topo' 'inishe% s$r'a(e2! One thin0 that sets this hei0ht is Fl$or Daniel stan%ar% 98A27 whatare two others?

'learance for rodding out the drain. 'learance reuired for the addition of a bucket to catch the liuid.

;

*eal !elding6ack !elding

;=! What m$st )e $se% on a threa%e% (onne(tion i' it is to re(ei:e the wel% re'erre% to in5$estion 8=7 an% wh# sho$l% it not )e $se%?

hread compound or ;pipe dope.;"f thread compound/pipe dope is present and the connection is to be seal !eldedFthe heat could cause a small e)plosionF in5uring the !elder.


20/27

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

35. Why do we provide High Point Vent (HPV) and Low Point Drain (LPD) in piping?

Ans:

?#M L for remo+ing &ir during ?ydro-test

LPD or draining water ater !ond"!ting Hydro#test.

3$. Whi!h standard and !odes wi%% yo" reer whi%e designing the piping?

&ns

Following are the codes and standards

Page &o $'

AP* +td $,- : entri"ga% P"/ps or Petro%e"/0 Heavy D"ty he/i!a% and

1as *nd"stry +ervi!es.

A&+*'&2A + 3 : +tea/ 4"rines or e!hani!a% Drive +ervi!es.

AP* +td $,6 : entri"ga% o/pressor or Petro%e"/0 he/i!a% and 1as

*nd"stry +ervi!e.

27A : 28pansion 7oints an"a!t"rer9s Asso!iation.

*+D ,,; : Layo"t or i% and 1as *nsta%%ations.

*de +tress ra!ing =esistant eta%%i! ateria%s or i%>e%d

2@"ip/ent.

&A2 = -; : 2va%"ation o Pipe%ine and Press"re Vesse% +tee% or


21/27

=esistan!e to Hydrogen *nd"!ed ra!ing.

&A2 4 -,66 : Laoratory 4esting o eta%s or =esistan!e to +"%>de +tress

ra!ing in H+ 2nviron/ent.

3=. hat do you mean by "6% and hich lines comes under "6% pur+ie!Q

&ns

IBR: Indian Boiler Regulation Act.

+tea/ %ines with !onditions %isted e%%ow !o/es "nder *


22/27

&ns

& 33 Nr # " / # ""

'omposition C. 4o#10 /1.2 R 'r-. 4o#110

-. What is the nor/a% "pstrea/ and downstrea/ straight %ength oori>!e Cow

/eter?

&ns!er pstream - 1H Ho!nstream - H

,. What are the essentia% data re@"ired or the preparation o

e@"ip/ent %ayo"t?

&ns 10#,H and #E"H 2. #ro5ect Hesign data 3. $uipment *ies E 6uildings

Page No 7/24

. What are the vario"s stat"tory re@"ire/ents to e !onsidered d"ring %ayo"t?

State In%$strial De:elopment "orporation 9SID"2

"entral State En:iromental Poll$tion "ontrol +oar%s 9P"+S2

Fa(tor# Inspe(torate

State Ele(tri(it# +oar%s

"hie' "ontroller o' Explosi:es 9""OE2

Stati( . Press$re essel R$les 9SP2

Tari'' *%:isor# "ommittee

*:iation Laws

"hie' Inspe(tor o' +oilers 9"I+2

Oil In%$str# Dire(torate 9OISD2

Foo% an% Dr$0 *%ministartion 9FD*2


23/27

inistr# o' En:ironment an% Forest 9oEF2

3. What do yo" /ean y o/posite %ange?

The 'lan0e that is ma%e $p o' more than one O" is (alle% a "omposite 'lan0e!

a! Lap oint Flan0es

Insert Flan0es are a spe(ialt# in the arena o' pipe si1e 'lan0es an% (onsist o' two parts

> the insert an% the 'lan0e rin0! The 'lan0e rin0 is the o$ter part o' the insert 'lan0e

assem)l#7 (ontainin0 the )olt holes!

The two pie(e (onstr$(tion o' the insert 'lan0e also o''ers the e(onom# o' mat(hin0 the

insert material to the pro(ess pipe 9$s$all# some (orrosion resistant allo#2 while the

o$ter 'lan0e rin0 ma# )e man$'a(t$re% 'rom steel! When the en:ironment re5 $ires the

'lan0e rin0 to )e ma%e o' some allo# the rotatin0 'eat$re is still maintaine%!

)! RF 'lan0es with Raise% o' one O" an% rest o' the 'lan0e with %i''erent O"

(! RF )lin% 'lan0e with an o:erla# o' = "$ni 'or Sea water ser:i(e!

. What do yo" /ean y *ns"%ated 7oint?

Ans:

Ins$latin0 oints are a pre'a)ri(ate%7 non

non

separable union used to isolate specifc sections o

Pipelines to prevent corrosion caused by stray

electrical currents or intererence rom other

pipelines and power transmission cables.

5. What are *ns"%ating 1aset Eits?


24/27

Ans:

"nsulation gasket kits are designed to combat the effects of corrosion often found

Page No 8/24

in anged pipe systems. !alvanic corrosion between dissimilar metal anges "ow o

currents# $ ange insulation associated with cathodic protection o underground piping

are also the places where %nsulating gas&et &its are used. %t consists o

!as&et

Neoprene aced Phenolic /!lass 'einorced

(po)y"!*+#

%nsulation sleeve

'einorced Phenolic/Nylon/Polyethylene/"!*+#

%nsulation washer

'einorced Phenolic/Nylon/Polyethylene/"!*+#

Plated ,asher

(lectro plated steel washer

$. What do yo" /ean y 7a!eted Piping?

Ans:

6. What is the /in. distan!e to e /aintained etween two we%dsin a pipe

The r$le o' th$m) is that the minim$m %istan(e )etween a%&a(ent )$tt wel%s is D! I'

not7 it is ne:er (loser than >-! This is s$ppose%l# to pre:ent the o:erlap o' 3* s!

inim$m spa(in0 o' (ir($m'erential wel%s )etween (entrelines shall not )e less than 4

times the pipe wall thi(/ness or -6 mm whi(he:er is 0reater!

;. What are the diFerent hardness tests !arried o"t?


25/27

Ans:

+rinell 3ar%ness Test

Ro(/well 3ar%ness test

i(/er 3ar%ness Test

G. What is the re%ation etween


26/27

. *+24=* :#

i! What are the 'ittin0s re5$ire% 'or 'a)ri(ation o' the isometri(!

ii! Fin% o$t the len0th o' pipe re5$ire%!

iii! Do &oint n$m)erin0 an% show the 'ollowin0 thin0s in the isometri(!

a2 Shop

&oint

)2 Fiel%

&oint

(2 Spool

no

$6

---

Drillin0 Point

"ra(/

& ,63;;

EL Q4-


27/27

65-

Answer:

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