Question of the Day Which of the following statements about

the 1936 Summer Olympics is not accurate?

    (A)  they were held in Berlin, Germany    (B)  German Jews were not allowed to compete    (C)   some Americans suggested the U.S. should boycott the Games as Adolf Hitler would use them to promote his goals and vision    (D)  American Jesse Owens won four gold medals    (E)   German authorities refused to remove "Jews not wanted" and other anti-Semitic signs from public places

World War II

Chapter 35

“FDR and World War II”

Trying to keep the Peace

Treaty of Versailles & League of NationsWashington Disarmament Conference

Five Power TreatyKellogg-Briand PactWar Debts & Reparations

US Europe’s largest creditorAllies couldn’t pay back the USDawes PlanHoover declared debt moratorium

Great Depression

Like a Good Neighbor…the US is there!

Good Neighbor Policy: Improve relations in Latin AmericaFDR: “the good neighbor respects himself & the rights

of others”Policy of non-intervention & cooperation

The rise of the “bad boys”

Rise of totalitarian regimesFascism

Italy: MussoliniJapanese military dictatorshipGerman: Hitler

CommunismUSSR: Stalin

Japan invades ManchuriaNeed for resources & landNew foreign marketsLeaves the League of Nations

Bad Boys Unite: Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

American Isolationism

Americans concerns with GD at homeSought to avoid involvement in Europe

Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937

If faced with war:Prohibit the sale of arms, loans & credits Forbade Americans to travel on vessels @

warNon-military good must be purchased on cash

& carry basisBanned involvement in the Spanish Civil War

Limited options of President in a crisisAmerica declined to build up its armed

forces to deter aggressors

FDR’s Quarantine Speech

Condemned Japan and Italy for their aggressive actions

Urged democracies to “quarantine” the aggressors by economic embargoes

Criticized by isolationists fearing FDR might lead US into war

FDR retreated and sought less direct means to address totalitarianism

Here we go again…

Germany leaves League of Nations & Treaty of Versailles

Germany absorbs Austria APPEASEMENTPACIFISM

Germany takes Czechoslovakia for the Sudetenland region

Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression PactInvasion of Poland starts WWII (9-1-1939)

Wonder how long the honeymoon will last?

A World Divided…

Axis           vs.           Allies Germany (1939)             Great Britain (1939) Italy (1939)                    France (1939) Japan (1940)                  U.S.S.R. (1941) Hungary (1940)              U.S. (1941) Romania (1940)             China Bulgaria (1941)             43 other countries

Axis Powers full throttle…

Germany use of “blitzkrieg” USSR expanded in the EastNeutrality of 1939—US aided European

democracies in limited fashion “cash & carry”; improved the US economy

Meanwhile in Europe…

German expansionFall of FranceBattle of Britain

Axis Powers official b/t G, I, and JEnd of the honeymoon:

Germany invaded the Soviet Union—fatal error for Hitler…should have had the Brits subdued

US response to the war in Europe

FDR proclaimed the US could not remain neutral

FDR called for building of armed forcesCongress passed Selective Service Act

Isolationists versus InterventionistsDestroyer-Base DealFDR won a remarkable THIRD TERMLend-Lease

FDR’s Four Freedoms Speech

Freedom of speech and expressionFreedom of religionFreedom from WantFreedom from fear

Atlantic Charter

Secret meeting b/t FDR and ChurchillRespected self-determinationCalled for the creation of the United

Nations

Move over Japan…

US harsh on Japanese attacks in AsiaUS passed embargo against Japan

Export aviation gas, lubricants, scrap iron/steel; iron ore, certain chemicals, tools, etc.

US demanded Japan to withdraw from Indochina & China

Japan began to plot secret attack on US

December 7, 1941

“a date that will live in infamy”

Damage:8 battleships in harborOver 2500 killed3 aircraft carriers spared

America in WWII

Chapter 36

Mobilizing for War

With the men enlisting in the military, women stepped up to work in the factories (Rosie the Riveter)

African Americans moved to the North to work General population shifted to the “sunbelt”Women joined the military in WACS, WAVES to do

medical & tech support, along with flying equipment to war zone and decoding

War Production Board was created to aid in the transition from consumer to war goods

Raised taxes to pay for the warVolunteerism raised…no mass hysteria like seen in

WWI.

A little thing out in the desert:

Manhattan ProjectResearch all aspects of

building the A-bomb in hopes of out doing Germany (and Soviets) for the bomb

Worked in Los Alamos, NM headed by Oppenheimer

Ran tests in the desert

War @ HomeSelective Service Act: authorized the peacetime

draft in 1940War Production Board: gov help in transition

from consumer goods to war goodsAmericans were asked to buy war bondsVictory gardens—grew own veggiesRationing of products: sugar, gas, meat, rubber

and other products

Japanese-Americans after Pearl HarborExecutive Order 9066:

Japanese- Americans were forced from their homes into internment camps in remote locations, many lost everything; sued for civil rights were violated. 1983 gov paid reparations

Minorities @ War

Women served in the Women’s Army Corps (WACS)

A-A: Tuskegee Airmen

Native Americans: code talkers

Trying to end the War:

Grand Alliance: those who fought against Axis Powers created the UN Declaration in 1942

Objectives:Hitler first then JapanMilitary Plans:

Economic blockadesAir attacksFinal direct assault on Germany

1st Six Months were iffy

Japan was rapidly gaining control in the Pacific and had control of the major supply route into China from IndiaUS Loss of the

Philippines & the Bataan death march

Allied Turning points in the war

Battle of Stalingrad: first major German defeat on land

D-Day (June 6, 1944)

Perhaps war’s most important battle; led by Gen. Eisenhower

Significance: Opened a 2nd front of the war

in Europe Within months Belgium,

France & Lux were liberated Battle of the Bulge: Dec. 1944

Hitler launched one more offensive attack to keep US troops out of Germany. Gen. Patton countered.

The pressure is on…

The pressure is onUS approached Berlin

from the westSoviets came from the

eastMay 7, 1945—V-E Day

Island hopping

Battle of Midway: turning point in the PacificAllies broke the Japanese codeUS crushed the Japanese naval fleet…destroyed any

hope of Japan of attacking the US mainland

Iwo Jima:Fighter planes now close enough to bomb Japan

Okinawa:American casualties will result in the use of the atomic

bomb

Bombs Away!

August 6 & 9, 1945: Hiroshima and Nagasaki were bombed140K killed instantly;

tens of thousands later due to radiation poisoning, cancer, etc.

Sept. 2, 1945: Japan surrendered aboard USS Missouri

Costs of War

40-55 million dead; 25 million civilians

30 million Europeans lost their homeland

Massive destruction of cities Holocaust:

6 million plus Jews were killed as part of Hitler’s Final Solution

6 million others (Gypsies, physically/mentally handicapped, political opponents) were also killed