Question of the Day DEC 3

Evidence can be collected due to its relationship to a

A. Suspect B. Victim C. Witness D. All of the above

Question of the Day DEC 3

A man wanted for a string of identity thefts recently stole credit card information from customers at a popular restaurant in a busy downtown section of New York City. He was seen eating dinner and speaking with other patrons by two witnesses. He left the restaurant at approximately 10 PM by a parking valet.

List different pieces of evidence you would attempt to collect from the scenario.

DO NOW DEC 3

Possibly the suspect’s saliva, DNA

Suspect’s fingerprints

Suspect’s description/physical characteristics

Type of automobile driven by suspect

Security camera/traffic camera information

Testimony of witnesses

Personal information of suspect – type of work, address – from conversation within restaurant

DO NOW ANSWERED DEC 3

Can you identify this individual?

How is Forensics connected to this individual?

Forensics Applications

Paul Walker was killed in an automobile crash on Saturday Nov 30.

The car he was driving in was involved in a high speed crash and an explosion followed.

Both he and the driver of the car, Roger Rodus, were incinerated as a result of the crash.

How will the bodies be identified?


Big Question: How does forensics assist in the collection and examination of evidence?

1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Start of TRIMESTER 2

TRIMESTER 1 GRADES 3. Jack the Ripper Part VII 4. Finish CSI: Skeleton on the Bus Video

Answer Question Set 5. Begin Chapter 3 Physical Evidence 6. Review and Homework

AGENDA DEC 3


Contamination and destruction of evidence can occur due to

A. the mishandling of a body by law enforcement personnel

B. leaving a body exposed to environmental conditions

C. failure to perform a thorough autopsy D. improper labeling of evidence bags

DO NOW DEC 5 A body has been discovered by police. A witness

has stepped forward to report an incident of murder. The witness lives next door to the accused individual. She recalls seeing the victim enter the home of the accused. The incident involved a violent physical attack on a relative of the accused man. The local police department has dispatched officers to the scene of the crime.

As an evidence collection specialist, you have been called to the alleged crime scene.

What types of evidence would you be looking for? Make associations to the victim and the type of

crime committed.


Look for anything out of the ordinary at the crime scene. A newly cleaned carpet or missing furniture.

Search for a murder weapon. Match the wounds on the victim to a possible

weapon. Search for blood spatter and other types

of biological evidence. Check the walls, floors, and ceiling.

Look for hair and fiber samples on the furnishings of the home. Match samples found to the victim’s clothing.


1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Jack the Ripper Part VII 3. Finish CSI: Skeleton on the Bus Video

Answer Question Set 4. Begin Chapter 3 Physical Evidence 5. Review and Homework

AGENDA DEC 5

Diary of Jack the Ripper Part VII

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ik81U330jiw




The statute of limitations in New Jersey involving violent crimes is dependent upon which of the following…

A. the age of the victim B. the specific crime a suspect has been

charged with C. the type of evidence available D. the arrest record of the suspect

DO NOW DEC 9 Diary of Jack the Ripper Part VIII

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EVakr9l0QDc





1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Jack the Ripper Part VIII 3. Begin Chapter 3 Physical Evidence 4. Review and Homework

AGENDA DEC 9

PHYSICAL EVIDENCECHAPTER 3

Statute of Limitations Laws that set time limits on how long you

have to file a "civil" lawsuit, like a personal injury lawsuit, or how long the state has to prosecute someone for committing a crime.

Time limits usually depend on the legal claim or crime involved in the case. Vary from state to state

Statute of Limitations Vary in Civil or Criminal Cases

CIVILAssault/Battery 2 YEARS

False Imprisonment 2 YEARS

Personal Injury 2 Years

CRIMINAL Assault 1 or 5 Years Rape NO TIME LIMIT Manslaughter/ Murder

NO TIME LIMIT Kidnapping 5 years

Statute of Limitations for Sexual Offenses in New Jersey

Time starts to run on the day after the offense is committed, except that when the prosecution is supported by physical evidence that identifies the actor by means of DNA testing or fingerprint analysis.

Time does not start to run until the State is in possession of both the physical evidence and the DNA or fingerprint evidence necessary to establish the identification of the actor by means of comparison to the physical evidence.

What does this statement mean?

Identifying Evidence Every crime scene needs to be treated on an

individual basis.

Certain types of evidence are likely to yield significant results in ascertaining the nature and circumstances of a crime.

Responsibility of the investigator to be familiar with Recognition, collection, and analysis of items Laboratory procedures and capabilities

Physical Evidence Valuable evidence can sometimes be overlooked

at a crime scene. Collected evidence can also be left on an

evidence room shelf having never been fully examined or processed.

Regulations apply to the admissibility of evidence after an established period of time from the original date of a reported crime. Generally begins at time/date a crime has been

reported Official police inquiry/investigation


Which of the following is not the responsibility of an investigator when collecting evidence?

A. Collection of evidence from a crime sceneB. Interpretation of criminal law as related to a trialC. Knowledge of analytical techniques for the purpose of processing evidenceD. Limitations of forensics special services

Identifying Evidence Investigator must be able to

Make logical decisions Process the uncommon and unexpected

Qualified evidence collectors must also be able to make innovative and on-the-spot decisions at the crime scene. Memorizing a standardized set of procedures is not

enough Useful to the investigation Always within the clear definitions of the law

DO NOW DEC 12 Begin Casey Anthony Investigative CASE

STUDY Read Casey Anthony Trial Summary. Highlight points of interest about the

case. FOCUS ON

the Key pieces of evidence Arguments of prosecution and defense

When you have finished the article, write down the most important event you have read about that has affected the outcome of the trial?This is your opinion but JUSTIFY your answer.

AGENDA DEC 12 BIG Question: How does a forensic

scientist collect and examine evidence for use in a criminal investigation?

1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Jack the Ripper Writing Response 3. Casey Anthony Case Study 4. Physical Evidence Lab Investigation 5. EXIT PASS and Homework

Physical Evidence Lab Packet and Questions

Question of the DAY DEC 16

The evidence collection specialist must always apply scientific principles when

A. processing evidence B. collecting evidence C. examining evidence D. All of the above

DO NOW DEC 16 Evidence has been found at a crime scene

being worked by two different police departments. The first department on scene collects a number of pieces of evidence. One sample of evidence cannot be processed by the crime lab of the first department. The second collection unit suggests that they take the piece of evidence from the crime scene with them to deliver it to the lab that can process it. The first team gives the evidence to the second team.

Was this the correct choice made by the first team? Justify your answer.


No. The first team had already collected the evidence.

The proper procedures require that the evidence first be properly bagged or sealed, examined, processed through their police agency, and catalogued.

The evidence can then be arranged for transfer to the second team’s crime lab for analysis.

Chain of custody must be followed and any evidence that changes hands must be documented.



1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Hand in Homework

JtR VIII Questions and Written Response 3. Casey Anthony Case Study 4. Chapter 3 Notes 5. Complete Physical Evidence Lab

Investigation Physical Evidence Lab Packet and

Questions

Question of the DAY DEC 17 A piece of evidence presented by the

prosecution that cannot be connected to a suspect on trial would most likely be

A. allowed to remain as evidence B. dismissed as irrelevant evidence C. admissible if the prosecution can

make a connection within a designated time frame

D. admissible if the defense cannot prove it is irrelevant to the suspect or case.

DO NOW DEC 17 Biological evidence was collected from a

crime scene. It places the suspect at the scene of the crime where a murder had taken place. Under cross examination, the forensic specialist who had collected the sample admits that he did not use new sterile instruments to collect the evidence. The crime lab technician testifies under oath that the results of analytical testing of the evidence is 100% accurate.

Predict the outcome of the trial. Justify your answer.


The evidence will be removed from the trial as per a judge’s ruling.

The jury will be instructed to disregard this evidence.

This also opens the door for the defense to question other pieces of evidence in the trial and may place doubt in the minds of the jurors as to the scientific credibility of the prosecution’s case.

There is a strong possibility that the suspect would be found not guilty of the most serious charges.



1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Hand in Homework

JtR VIII Questions and Written Response 3. Casey Anthony Case Study 4. Chapter 3 Notes 5. Complete Physical Evidence Lab

Investigation Physical Evidence Lab Packet and

Questions

Overlooked and Missing Evidence

Family’s home computer — with Casey Anthony’s password — used to Google search for “fool-proof suffication” on June 16, 2008.

Google automatically corrected the misspelled “suffication” and linked pages describing ways to die by poisoning and suffocation.

Physical Evidence Any objects that

can establish a crime has been committed.

Evidence can provide a link between a crime, the victim, and the perpetrator.

Common Types of Physical Evidence

Blood, semen, and saliva – can be dried or in a liquid state, human or animal. Subjected to biochemical and serological

analysis to determine identity and possible origin

Documents – any handwriting or typewriting submitted to confirm the authenticity or source Paper, ink, processed

Drugs – any substance seized in violation of laws regulating the sale, distribution, manufacture, and use of drugs

Question of the DAY DEC 23 Laws regulate the

A. Personal use of drugs B. Distribution of drugs C. Sale of Drugs D. prescribing of drugs through medical

professionals

Casey Anthony Case http://abcnews.go.com/US/casey_anthon

y_trial/casey-anthony-trial-defense-claims-caylee-anthony-drowned/story?id=13674375

http://abcnews.go.com/US/casey_anthony_trial/casey-anthony-trial-defense-claims-caylee-anthony-drowned/story?id=13674375









DO NOW Dec 23 Work in your Crime Teams.

Each team will be assigned to the prosecution or defense.

You will formulate a brief argument regarding the use of the computer and the searches if it was presented in court.

Prosecutors Argue why it would convict Defenders Be prepared for cross-

examination and convince jury



1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Hand in Homework – Case Responses 3. Casey Anthony Case Study 4. Chapter 3 Notes 5. Review and HOMEWORK HAPPY HOLIDAYS!!! Merry Christmas and Happy New Year!!!

Question of the DAY Jan 2 A piece of evidence presented by the

prosecution that cannot be connected to a suspect on trial would most likely be

A. allowed to remain as evidence B. dismissed as irrelevant evidence C. admissible if the prosecution can

make a connection within a designated time frame

D. admissible if the defense cannot prove it is irrelevant to the suspect or case.

DO NOW Jan 2 Biological evidence was collected from a

crime scene. It places the suspect at the scene of the crime where a murder had taken place. Under cross examination, the forensic specialist who had collected the sample admits that he did not use new sterile instruments to collect the evidence. The crime lab technician testifies under oath that the results of analytical testing of the evidence is 100% accurate.

Predict the outcome of the trial. Justify your answer.

DO NOW ANSWERED Jan 2

The evidence will be removed from the trial as per a judge’s ruling.

The jury will be instructed to disregard this evidence.

This also opens the door for the defense to question other pieces of evidence in the trial and may place doubt in the minds of the jurors as to the scientific credibility of the prosecution’s case.

There is a strong possibility that the suspect would be found not guilty of the most serious charges.

AGENDA Jan 2 BIG Question: How does a forensic


1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Hand in Homework – Case Responses

and Labs 3. Casey Anthony Case Study 4. Chapter 3 Notes 5. Review and HOMEWORK

Overlooked and Missing Evidence

Anthony’s daughter Caylee was last seen on June 16, 2008 before her body was found on Dec. 11, 2008. A jury acquitted Casey Anthony of murder on July 5, 2011.

Trial prosecutor Jeff Ashton said proof of the web search could have been a crucial weapon. The defense had claimed Caylee accidentally drowned and Casey Anthony’s dad George Anthony ditched the body.

Defense attorney Jose Baez already has a rebuttal ready if the computer search was brought to trial. Would have argued that George Anthony was

trying to search for ways to commit suicide.

Physical Evidence Explosives – any device containing an

explosive charge Includes any object at or removed from the scene

of an explosion Suspected to contain residue from an explosion or

use as a detonation device Fibers – any natural or synthetic fiber whose

transfer may be useful in establishing a relationship between object or persons Cotton, silk, nylon, spandex, kevlar, as well as glass

and metallic fibers Fingerprints – all prints of this nature both

visible and latent

Physical Evidence Firearms and Ammunition – any firearm as well

as discharged or intact ammunition suspected of being involved in a criminal offense Spent casings and recovered bullets or “slugs”

Glass – any particle or fragment that may have been transferred to a person or object involved in a crime. Includes windows/panes of glass containing holes

made by bullets or other projectiles Hair – any animal or human hair present that

can link a person to a crime

Question of the DAY Jan 6 Which of the following is not a valid

piece of physical evidence?

A. DNA sample B. Fingerprints C. Murder weapon D. Diagram of a defective part in a

fatal automobile accident

DO NOW Jan 6 Two potential suspects are in custody for an

armed robbery. Both claim they are innocent and have alibis. Suspect A states that he was home all night. Suspect B states that he ate dinner at a local restaurant and then took a train out of town. The only evidence is an eye-witness account who claims to have seen a man fitting their height, build, and hair color.

How would you go about collecting additional evidence to find out if either suspect is responsible for the crime.

DO NOW ANSWERED Jan 6

Suspect A Did any neighbors

see him? What did he eat for

dinner (takeout)? Did he make any

phone calls (phone records)?

Was he using his computer?

Playing video games?

Suspect B Which restaurant?

Speak with staff How did he pay

(date/time on receipt)?

Train ticket/receipt? Did he travel to the

destination he claims?

Purpose of trip out of town?

AGENDA Jan 6 BIG Question: How does a forensic


1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Last Day to hand in Labs and Case

Responses --- LOSS of 20% of Grade 3. Casey Anthony Case Study 4. Chapter 3 Notes 5. Review and HOMEWORK

Physical Evidence Impressions – tire markings, shoes prints,

depressions in soft soil/sand, and all other forms of tracts. Gloves, fabric impressions, and bite marks in skin,

foodstuffs, and other objects. Organs and physiological fluids – body organs and

fluids are submitted to toxicology to detect possible existence of drugs and poisons as well as blood to be analyzed for alcohol/drug content. Urine, vomit, bile

Paint – any liquid or dried paint that may have been transferred from one object to another during the act of a crime Transfer of paint from one vehicle to another in a car

accident

Physical Evidence Petroleum products – any product removed

from a suspect or recovered from a crime scene. Gasoline residues or grease and oil stains

Plastic bags – polyethylene disposable bags such as garbage or shopping bags. Examined/chemically analyzed to associate a

bag to similar bags at a crime scene or possessed by a suspect.

Plastic, rubber, polymers – remnants or residues of man-made materials may be linked to objects relevant to a crime scene or suspect.

Casey Anthony Investigation

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ilGKjbpMxYE



Physical Evidence Powder residues – any item suspected of

containing firearm powder residues.

Serial numbers – stolen property submitted for the restoration of damaged/erased ID numbers

Soil and minerals – any object that could link a person to a particular location

Tool marks – impression marks found in an object caused by a “tool”.

Physical Evidence Vehicle Lights – examination of a vehicle’s

headlights and taillights to determine their use at the time of an accident/impact.

Wood and other vegetative matter – wood, sawdust, or vegetative matter discovered on clothing, shoes, or tools that could link a suspect to a crime location.

Question of the Day Jan 8 Which piece of evidence would be placed

in the Impressions category?

A. narrow puncture on a piece of wood made by a screwdriver.

B. Skid marks made from an automobile C. the outline of a shoeprint found in mud D. a bullet casing collected from the

beach

DO NOW Jan 8 You have collected two new pieces of

evidence from a crime scene… a piece of organic tissue and an unmarked bottle containing pills. The cause of death was ruled an accidental shooting. How does this new evidence affect the investigation?

Categorize the 2 new pieces of evidence. Describe how you would analyze the new

evidence (Forensic Service Units / Why).

DO NOW Answered Jan 8

Organic Tissue

Organs/Fluids

Biological Unit – human or animal

- Match tissue to victim

Toxicology Unit – Determine if tissue sample contains excessively high levels of a drug/poison

Pill Bottle/pills

Drugs

Physical Science – identify the type of drug

Fingerprint Unit – match fingerprints on bottle to victim?

Based upon results of analysis, the shooting may have been staged to cover up a murder.

AGENDA Jan 8 BIG Question: What is circumstantial

evidence?

1. Question of the Day and DO NOW 2. Paul Walker Investigation 3. FINISH Chapter 3!!! 4. Chapter 3 Test: Next Week 5. Review and HOMEWORK

Paul Walker’s autopsy revealed his body was found in a “pugilistic stance”.

It may show that he was attempting to brace himself for the impact of the crash.

What else might this stance reveal?


Forensics Applications When a body is exposed to intense

fire/heat, the body will take on a “pugilistic stance”.

Autopsy results also reveal that Mr. Walker was burned so severely that dental records were required for official identification.

His tissues and organs were too badly damaged to be eligible for donation.

Descriptions of Evidence 1. Physical – A physical object or something

residing on a physical object.

2. Personal – A description or account of what has been seen or heard.

3. Circumstantial – Evidence that requires an inference (conclusion based on evidence). Indirect evidence that implies something has

occurred Does not prove it Leads to/connects other facts/circumstances

together

Examples of Circumstantial Evidence

Woman accused of embezzling money from her company. Makes big ticket purchases in cash around the time

the money was taken.

Wife is suing her husband for divorce claiming he has had an affair. Another woman’s fingerprints are found in their

bedroom. Does not prove the affair but could be implied

because another woman has no other logical reason to be in their bedroom.

Significance of Physical Evidence Identify or compare the evidence.

Identification – process of determining an object/substance’s physical or chemical identity. Near absolute certainty as analytical techniques

permit Requires testing procedures Sufficient tests to exclude all other possibilities

Problems – each type of evidence requires different testsEach test has a degree of specificity

1 test versus 5 tests to ensure accuracy

Significance of Physical Evidence The Role of the Forensic Scientist

1. Determine the point and criteria for positive identification

2. Relies on experience and education 3. Conclusion will have to be validated

beyond any reasonable doubt in a court of law

Comparison and Probability

Collected specimen and control specimen

Both evaluated under same set of tests and examinations Select specific properties from

both specimens Determine if they have a

common origin

Comparisons lead to Probability

Characteristics of Evidence Individual

Associated with a common source and high degree of probability.

Fingerprints

Class

Associated with a group and a low degree of probability.

Difficult to determine exact source of evidence.

Blood types, carpet fibers

Classifications of Evidence Inceptive

At the start of investigation

Evidence to base a search for a perpetrator

Corroborative

At the end of an investigation

Evidence used to prove or disprove

Question of the Day Jan 10

Which techniques will provide the higher degree of probability?

A. A visual inspection of a bullet casing B. A computer enhanced analysis of

fingerprints. C. A computer and chemical analysis of a

drug specimen. D. All will produce the same probability

AGENDA Jan 10 BIG Question: How is physical evidence

used in a criminal investigation?

1. Question of the Day 2. STUDY GUIDES 3. Chapter 3 Test: TUESDAY Jan 14 4. Review and HOMEWORK

STUDY for Test STUDY GUIDES

Casey Anthony Trial Forensics in the Casey Anthony

Investigation http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/

criminal-justice/real-csi/casey-anthony-trial-lawyers-speak-out-about-the-cases-controversial-forensics/

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/criminal-justice/real-csi/casey-anthony-trial-lawyers-speak-out-about-the-cases-controversial-forensics/




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