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QUIZ 1. What are Earthquakes? 2. _____ is the deformation of a
material caused by stress. 3. Describe tension stress. 4. Faulting causes rock to _________ .
Answers 1. Vibrations of the earth’s crust caused by a
sudden release of energy
2. Strain
3. pulls apart
4. Break
Faulting
When stress exceeds the strength of the rocks
movement occurs along a weak region in the rock called
a fault
Movement along the fault results in EQ’s
Faults
Fault = any fracture or system of fractures along which the Earth
moves
Fault Plane = the surface along which the movement takes place
Example of Faulting • Cracks in the concrete • The crack represents strain resulting
from stress use by cars & people • The crack itself is a fault• The concrete surface where the fault
occurred is the fault planeThe type and direction of stress on the
concrete results in different types of faults
3 Types of Faults Normal = rocks are pulled apart;
Tension (stress) causing horizontal & vertical movement
p. 531 Table 19.1
3 Types of Faults Reverse or Thrust Faults =
rocks are forced together; Compression (stress) causing horizontal & vertical movement
p. 531 Table 19.1
3 Types of Faults Strike Slip = rocks are shearing,
twisting; Shear (stress) causing horizontal movement
p. 531 Table 19.1
Animation of Faults
• http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learning/animations/
• Reference USGS
Comparison between types of fault & plate boundaries
What type of fault is associated with converging plates?
• Reverse or Thrust Fault
What type of fault is associated with divergent
plates?
• Normal Fault
What type of fault is associated with transforming plates?
• Strike – Slip Fault
• Text read p. 530 – 532 • Quiz ?????
ANY QUESTIONS?