Quiz#2 PreparationQuiz#2 Preparation

Look through your notes for the first Look through your notes for the first

22 minutes before class minutes before class Hand in your Charts on Absolute Hand in your Charts on Absolute

monarchs monarchs

AIMAIM: : SW understand how to SW understand how to organize and develop a organize and develop a

thematic essaythematic essay DO NOWDO NOW: 11.3.2011: 11.3.2011 1. Have notebooks out, but not set up 1. Have notebooks out, but not set up Assignments: : HW#4 – Essay outline sheet due HW#4 – Essay outline sheet due

Friday Friday HW#5 Notes 140-143 due MondayHW#5 Notes 140-143 due Monday StandardsStandards: II World History : II World History

Theme EssayTheme Essay: : Political Political SystemsSystems

You need to select TWO political systems, You need to select TWO political systems, but I am mandating that you select …but I am mandating that you select … Absolute Monarchy Absolute Monarchy Limited or Constitutional Monarchy Limited or Constitutional Monarchy

You need to select TWO nations that have You need to select TWO nations that have been adopted these political systems been adopted these political systems What two nations would best fit that we’ve What two nations would best fit that we’ve

covered? covered? France – Absolute Monarchy France – Absolute Monarchy England – Limited or Constitutional England – Limited or Constitutional

Monarchy Monarchy

Divine Right – Divine Right – Absolutism – monarch has complete Absolutism – monarch has complete

authority over all subjects lives authority over all subjects lives Taxes Taxes War War Make laws Make laws

Centralize Power - Centralize Power -

AIM:AIM: How did the Great How did the Great Chain of Being order Chain of Being order European Society?European Society?

DO NOW:DO NOW: 12.9.2009 12.9.2009 1. Set up your notes “Great Chain of 1. Set up your notes “Great Chain of

Being” Being” 2. Remember outline of Theme 2. Remember outline of Theme

Essay due Essay due ThursdayThursday

The The Great Great Chain of Chain of

BeingBeingWhat does What does this picture this picture

mean?mean?

The The Great Chain of BeingGreat Chain of Being What is it?What is it? A classical and Western medieval concept of God's A classical and Western medieval concept of God's

strict and natural strict and natural hierarchical hierarchical structure of the structure of the universe. universe.

Key themes of GCB:Key themes of GCB: 1. Obedience 1. Obedience 2. No Social Mobility 2. No Social Mobility 3. 3. PaternalismPaternalism: Those at upper end of chain had a : Those at upper end of chain had a

responsibility to look after those at bottom of chain responsibility to look after those at bottom of chain like a father (God ) like a father (God )

4. 4. DeferenceDeference: In return, those at the bottom had to : In return, those at the bottom had to defer to those at the top with obedience, allegiance, defer to those at the top with obedience, allegiance, and respect. (Pay taxes, fix roads, give wall)and respect. (Pay taxes, fix roads, give wall)

Mankind’s HierarchyMankind’s Hierarchy General HierarchyGeneral Hierarchy Closest to top you are, Closest to top you are,

closest to God you closest to God you become become

Mankind is suspended Mankind is suspended between Angels & between Angels & Animals Animals ““A man’s nature runs to A man’s nature runs to

either herbs or weeds.” either herbs or weeds.”

Man’s HierarchyMan’s Hierarchy KingKing (God’s (God’s

Lieutenant) Lieutenant) AristocratsAristocrats PeasantsPeasants

Owners of land (+)Owners of land (+) Renters (-)Renters (-)

The PoorThe Poor Homeless, and lived Homeless, and lived

hand to mouthhand to mouth

Great Chain of BeingGreat Chain of Being

Antithesis to the Chain:Antithesis to the Chain: Capitalism & rise of cities during the Capitalism & rise of cities during the

Renaissance Renaissance Middle class growsMiddle class grows

Mobility happensMobility happens Conflicting chains of Papacy and King? Conflicting chains of Papacy and King?

Who is higher and closer to God? Who is higher and closer to God? Protestant Reformation: Challenges Protestant Reformation: Challenges

the Chain. the Chain.

HW#1 HW#1 Theme Essay Theme Essay outlineoutline

Introductions Introductions Use the statement in the box and edit it to fit Use the statement in the box and edit it to fit

your topics your topics Example:Example: Use the sentence to fit your thesisUse the sentence to fit your thesis Political, economic, and social conditions have Political, economic, and social conditions have

often led to turning points in history.often led to turning points in history. The collapse of the Soviet Union and China’s The collapse of the Soviet Union and China’s

Communist Revolution signaled key turning Communist Revolution signaled key turning points in history.points in history.

Both of these turning points changed the Both of these turning points changed the course of human history. course of human history.

TextbookTextbook

202-205 commercial revolution 202-205 commercial revolution 8-12 Neolithic Rev8-12 Neolithic Rev Roman Empire is all in pg. 148-151Roman Empire is all in pg. 148-151

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

In order to understand the In order to understand the ramifications of the ramifications of the Scientific Scientific RevolutionRevolution, ,

we have to go back to the Great we have to go back to the Great Chain of Being Chain of Being

Let’s look back at our notes from Let’s look back at our notes from that day and see how the Universe that day and see how the Universe was thought to bewas thought to be

AIM:AIM: How did the Scientific Revolution How did the Scientific Revolution alter the way Europeans viewed the alter the way Europeans viewed the

universe and mankind?universe and mankind? DO NOW:DO NOW: 11.4.2011 11.4.2011 1. Set up your notes titled “1. Set up your notes titled “Scientific Scientific

RevolutionRevolution”” AssignmentsAssignments: : HW#4 – Essay outline chart HW#4 – Essay outline chart HW#5 Notes pgs. 140-143, (Per. 8) HW#5 Notes pgs. 140-143, (Per. 8)

179-183 179-183 StandardsStandards: II World History : II World History

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution: A 17: A 17thth century Intellectual Revolution century Intellectual Revolution

movementmovement Modern science did not exist until the 17Modern science did not exist until the 17thth

century as we know it. century as we know it. Word Word scientistscientist did not exist until the 1830s! did not exist until the 1830s!

Man thought the world was too complex Man thought the world was too complex to understand because it was created by to understand because it was created by GODGOD

However, the S.R. challenges Man’s However, the S.R. challenges Man’s greatest beliefs about the universe, God, greatest beliefs about the universe, God, & Mankind’s role& Mankind’s role

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

Since days of Greek Since days of Greek scientist Ptolemy (2scientist Ptolemy (2ndnd AD), AD), it was assumed Earth was it was assumed Earth was center of the Universe center of the Universe

Earth sat Earth sat motionlessmotionless in in center of universecenter of universe

Planets, sun, heavens Planets, sun, heavens orbited earth in perfect orbited earth in perfect concentric spheres concentric spheres

CalledCalled Geocentric Geocentric oror Ptolemaic modelPtolemaic model

Ptolemaic or Geocentric Ptolemaic or Geocentric ModelModel

Universe:Universe: HeavenHeaven Stars Stars Sun Sun PlanetsPlanets Moon Moon These are celestial These are celestial

bodies – beyond Manbodies – beyond Man Earth (motionless)Earth (motionless) Hell inside of EarthHell inside of Earth

Great Chain of Being – Great Chain of Being – social hierarchysocial hierarchy

Hierarchy:Hierarchy: God (created universe & God (created universe &

keeps it in order) keeps it in order) Angels (are God’s Angels (are God’s

heralds who work with heralds who work with Man & God) Man & God)

Man (master of Earth) Man (master of Earth) Animals (beasts)Animals (beasts) Plants Plants Stones (closest to earth)Stones (closest to earth) Hell (inside of earth) Hell (inside of earth)

Church supports Ptolemaic Church supports Ptolemaic ModelModel

Why does Church Why does Church support this model? support this model?

1. Man is center of 1. Man is center of universe (near hell)universe (near hell) Universe was an affair Universe was an affair

between GOD & MAN!!!!!!between GOD & MAN!!!!!! 2. Shows Man’s 2. Shows Man’s

significance – we are significance – we are God’s chosen raceGod’s chosen race

3. Believable to the 3. Believable to the naked eye – made naked eye – made rationale senserationale sense

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution Imagine, you are a person living Imagine, you are a person living

during this period with these during this period with these beliefs beliefs

When you look at the sky at night When you look at the sky at night you saw stars, you believed you you saw stars, you believed you could see the tip of heaven! could see the tip of heaven!

Would this view of the cosmos not Would this view of the cosmos not seem believable if this is all what seem believable if this is all what was thought to be true? was thought to be true?

Your view of the Your view of the HeavensHeavens

AIMAIM: : SW begin writing out their SW begin writing out their thematic essay and include concepts thematic essay and include concepts

they’ve learned in classthey’ve learned in class

DO NOWDO NOW: 11.7.2011: 11.7.2011 1. Hand in HW#5 Notes & have 1. Hand in HW#5 Notes & have

HW#4 charts out HW#4 charts out 2. Set up notes titled “Essay writing” 2. Set up notes titled “Essay writing” AssignmentsAssignments: : Project Thematic Essay#2 – Political Project Thematic Essay#2 – Political

Systems due ThursdaySystems due Thursday StandardsStandards: II World History : II World History

Things to rememberThings to remember

A.A. NONO 1 1stst Person in the essay Person in the essay ““In In my my essay essay II will …” will …”

B.B. NoNo 2 2ndnd Person either! Person either! ““There are many things There are many things youyou can see in can see in

Absolutism” Absolutism” C.C. Topic sentences at beginning of Topic sentences at beginning of

each Body Paragraph each Body Paragraph ““There are various characteristics of an There are various characteristics of an

Absolute monarchy.” Absolute monarchy.”

Introduction – Political Introduction – Political SystemsSystems

Part IPart I – write a general statement on – write a general statement on political systems and their developmentpolitical systems and their development

Part IIPart II – then specify what political – then specify what political systems you will be focusing on systems you will be focusing on (Absolutism & Limited Monarchy) (Absolutism & Limited Monarchy)

Part IIIPart III – Thesis Statement – write a – Thesis Statement – write a sentence that argues how Absolutism & sentence that argues how Absolutism & limited monarchies affected France & limited monarchies affected France & England. England.

Example RegentsExample Regents Political systems are an important part of Political systems are an important part of

any society and have had a profound affect any society and have had a profound affect on the history and culture of various on the history and culture of various nations. Two examples of such political nations. Two examples of such political systems are the communist government in systems are the communist government in China and fascist government in Nazi China and fascist government in Nazi Germany. In China, communism led to Germany. In China, communism led to strict censorship and the limitation of strict censorship and the limitation of many civil liberties. Fascist Germany was many civil liberties. Fascist Germany was totalitarian regime that used racism and totalitarian regime that used racism and violence to crush political opponents and violence to crush political opponents and maintain control. maintain control.

Organization of EssayOrganization of Essay

Introduction Introduction Body P1 – characteristics of an Absolute Body P1 – characteristics of an Absolute

monarchmonarch Then begin elaborating on Absolutism Then begin elaborating on Absolutism

in Francein France Body P2 – Characteristics of a Limited Body P2 – Characteristics of a Limited

Monarchy Monarchy Then begin elaborating on limited Then begin elaborating on limited

monarchy in Englandmonarchy in England Conclusion Conclusion

Explain this quoteExplain this quote

““I am much occupied with the I am much occupied with the investigation of the physical causes. investigation of the physical causes. My aim is to show that the machine My aim is to show that the machine of the universe is not similar to a of the universe is not similar to a divine animated being, but similar to divine animated being, but similar to a clock.”a clock.” Johannes Kepler Johannes Kepler

AIMAIM:: How did Copernicus and How did Copernicus and Galileo challenge accepted beliefs Galileo challenge accepted beliefs

about the universe? about the universe?

DO NOWDO NOW: 11.9.2011: 11.9.2011 1. Open textbook to page 6231. Open textbook to page 623 2. Set up your notes titled “Copernicus 2. Set up your notes titled “Copernicus

& Galileo”& Galileo” AssignmentsAssignments: : Project – Essay#2 due Thursday Project – Essay#2 due Thursday

(tomorrow)(tomorrow) StandardsStandards: II World History : II World History

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution

Nicholas Nicholas Copernicus Copernicus (1473-(1473-1543)1543) Poland Poland

On the Revolutions of On the Revolutions of Heavenly OrbsHeavenly Orbs

Copernicus ’Magnum Copernicus ’Magnum Opus – Opus – greatest greatest workwork

Published on in 1543, Published on in 1543, the year he diedthe year he died

On the Revolutions of On the Revolutions of Heavenly OrbsHeavenly Orbs

Theme: Theme: Earth orbits sun Earth orbits sun Earth just another Earth just another

planetplanet Called the Called the

Heliocentric Heliocentric ModelModel

Yet, No mathematical Yet, No mathematical proof!proof!

Other astronomer’s Other astronomer’s added to theory added to theory

The astronomer Copernicus: The astronomer Copernicus: Conversation with God.Conversation with God. Painting by Painting by Jan Jan MatejkoMatejko..

Scientific RevolutionScientific Revolution GalileoGalileo (1564-1642) (1564-1642)

Astronomer - further Astronomer - further proved Heliocentric Model proved Heliocentric Model

Mathematical laws can Mathematical laws can prove Universe is orderly prove Universe is orderly

Starry MessengerStarry Messenger & & Letters on Sun Spots Letters on Sun Spots

Uses power of Uses power of telescope!telescope! moon’s surface moon’s surface Sun spotsSun spots Moon’s around JupiterMoon’s around Jupiter

They look like EARTH! They look like EARTH! Church forces Galileo to Church forces Galileo to

recantrecant in 1633 – House in 1633 – House ArrestArrest

GalileoGalileo & his telescope & his telescope

Galileo Facing the Galileo Facing the InquisitionInquisition

Rene DescartesRene Descartes – – “Cogito Ergo Sum” – “I think “Cogito Ergo Sum” – “I think

therefore I am”therefore I am” French Philosopher & French Philosopher &

mathematician mathematician (b.1596-1650)(b.1596-1650)

Rejected old medieval ways Rejected old medieval ways of thinking that relied too of thinking that relied too much on assumptions & much on assumptions & sensationsensation

The universe is The universe is understandable! understandable!

Developed new model to Developed new model to rationally understand world rationally understand world using power of MIND using power of MIND

Ability to “Think” proves the Ability to “Think” proves the existence of oneself existence of oneself

F – ForceF – Force & & G - GravityG - Gravity

F = Force F = Force G = Gravity G = Gravity M1 = Mass 1 M1 = Mass 1 M2 = Mass 2 M2 = Mass 2 R2 = Distance R2 = Distance

between massesbetween masses

AIMAIM: : How did the Scientific How did the Scientific Revolution affect Man’s Revolution affect Man’s

understanding of the Universe?understanding of the Universe? DO NOWDO NOW: 11.10.2011: 11.10.2011 1. Prepare to hand in Essay#2 on Political 1. Prepare to hand in Essay#2 on Political

Systems & Essay Chart (HW#4)Systems & Essay Chart (HW#4) 2. Continue your notes from yesterday2. Continue your notes from yesterday AssignmentsAssignments: : 1. 1. Classwork#3 Classwork#3 Descartes Analysis – Due Descartes Analysis – Due

MondayMonday 2. Midterm Exam next Wednesday & Thursday2. Midterm Exam next Wednesday & Thursday StandardsStandards: II World History: II World History

Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton (1643-(1643-1727)1727)

Why is there planetary motion? Why is there planetary motion? Is it Is it heavenlinessheavenliness?? Principia MathematicaPrincipia Mathematica

Proved theory of gravityProved theory of gravity All objects in space act on each All objects in space act on each

other, this creates order in universe other, this creates order in universe Forms basis of Forms basis of physicsphysics EffectsEffects … … 1. Universe isn’t an overly 1. Universe isn’t an overly

complicated placecomplicated place 2. The Universe is orderly like a 2. The Universe is orderly like a

machine machine 3. Mathematical formulas prove 3. Mathematical formulas prove

this this

Gravity keeps Galaxy in place

Development of Development of Scientific Scientific MethodMethod

Sir Francis BaconSir Francis Bacon – – developed system of developed system of experimentation to experimentation to find “truth”find “truth”

Test a hypothesis - Test a hypothesis - Experimentation, Experimentation,

human observation, human observation, & empirical data & empirical data drove results drove results

Not Not biblical biblical scripturescripture or old or old assumptionsassumptions

Effects of Sci. Revolution:Effects of Sci. Revolution:

Mankind has intellectual ability and reason Mankind has intellectual ability and reason to learn truths in the world & universeto learn truths in the world & universe

Religious dogma & old beliefs do not Religious dogma & old beliefs do not necessarily produce truths necessarily produce truths

Science can have a practical purpose for Science can have a practical purpose for human improvementhuman improvement

Organization of Descartes Organization of Descartes AnalysisAnalysis

I. Introduce Descartes & his ideas I. Introduce Descartes & his ideas BP1BP1 – Discuss how you come up with what is – Discuss how you come up with what is

truth vs. false? How do you know something is truth vs. false? How do you know something is real? real?

BP2BP2 – Can you trust your senses? Is this – Can you trust your senses? Is this flawed? flawed?

BP3BP3 – Do you agree with Descartes’ method? – Do you agree with Descartes’ method? Or do you believe that is faith is unexplainable? Or do you believe that is faith is unexplainable?

Please Use your own Please Use your own EXPERIENCES EXPERIENCES to to explain yourself in any of the paragraphs explain yourself in any of the paragraphs

Based on Descartes’ method, Based on Descartes’ method, how would you react & think how would you react & think

about seeing a UFO?about seeing a UFO?

VS.VS. ReasonReason FaithFaith

Classwork: Scientific Revolution Classwork: Scientific Revolution Chart: pgs. 364-367Chart: pgs. 364-367

Thinker Thinker Copernicus Copernicus GalileoGalileo Tycho Brahe & Tycho Brahe &

KeplerKepler Sir Isaac Newton Sir Isaac Newton Rene Descartes Rene Descartes Sir Francis Bacon Sir Francis Bacon

Discovery & major Discovery & major worksworks

AIMAIM: How did Galileo : How did Galileo directly challenge church directly challenge church

doctrine? doctrine? DO NOW:DO NOW: 12.11.2009 12.11.2009 1. Have your notes out from yesterday 1. Have your notes out from yesterday

on Scientific Revolution on Scientific Revolution 2. Completed Theme Essay due 2. Completed Theme Essay due

Tuesday Tuesday Outlines can still be submitted for Late Outlines can still be submitted for Late

credit credit