Background

Alternative

Residual Management

Conclusion

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Sep

-79

Jun

-80

Mar

-81

Des

-81

Sep

-82

Jun

-83

Mar

-84

Des

-84

Sep

-85

Jun

-86

Mar

-87

Des

-87

Sep

-88

Jun

-89

Mar

-90

Des

-90

Sep

-91

Jun

-92

Mar

-93

Des

-93

Sep

-94

Jun

-95

Mar

-96

Des

-96

Sep

-97

Jun

-98

Mar

-99

Des

-99

Sep

-00

Jun

-01

Mar

-02

Des

-02

Sep

-03

Jun

-04

Mar

-05

Des

-05

Sep

-06

Jun

-07

Are

a (m

illio

n s

q.k

m)

Month

Montreal Protocol

01000200030004000500060007000800090001000011000

HFC-134a

HFC-32

HCFC-124

HCFC-22

HCFC-142b

Methyl Chloroform

HCFC-141b

Methyl Bromide

CFC-115

CFC-113

CFC-11

CFC-114

CFC-12

Carbon Tetrachloride

Halon-1211

Halon-1301

Global Worming Potential (20 Year, CO2 = 1)(Source: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion)

0.022

0.055

0.065

0.1

0.11

0.6

0.6

0.8

1

1

1

1.1

3

10

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Ozone Depletion Potential (CFC-11 = 1)(Source: The Montreal Protocol)

0

0

Summary of Montreal Protocol control measuresOzone depleting substances Developed countries Developing countries

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) Phased out end of 1995a Total phase out by 2010

Halons Phased out end of 1993 Total phase out by 2010

Carbon tetrachloride Phased out end of 1995a Total phase out by 2010

Methyl chloroform Phased out end of 1995a Total phase out by 2015

Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) Freeze from beginning of 1996b

35% reduction by 200475% reduction by 201090% reduction by 2015Total phase out by 2020c

Freeze in 2013 at a base level calculated asthe average of 2009 and 2010 consumption levels10% reduction by 201535% reduction by 202067.5% reduction by 2025Total phase out by 2030d

Hydrobromofluorocarbons (HBFCs) Phased out end of 1995 Phased out end of 1995

Methyl bromide(horticultural uses)

Freeze in 1995 at 1991 base levele

25% reduction by 199950% reduction by 200170% reduction by 2003Total phase out by 2005

Freeze in 2002 at average 1995-1998 base levele

20% reduction by 2005Total phase out by 2015

Bromochloromethane (BCM) Phase out by 2002 Phase out by 2002

“without significant subsequent action, the world environment would surely have been in

grave jeopardy”

REGULATION NO CONTENTPeraturan Presiden Nomor 33 Tahun 2005 Pengesahan Beijing Amendment To The

Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete

The Ozone Layer (Amendemen Beijing Atas

Protokol Montreal Tentang Bahan-Bahan Yang

Merusak Lapisan Ozon)

Peraturan Presiden No 46 Tahun 2005 Pengesahan Montreal Amendment To The

Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete

The Ozone Layer (Amendemen Montreal Atas

Protokol Montreal Tentang Bahan-Bahan Yang

Merusak Lapisan Ozon)

Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No 24/M-

dag/Per/6/2006

Ketentuan Impor Bahan Perusak Lapisan Ozon

Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian No 33/M-

ind/Per/4/2007

Larangan Memproduksi Bahan Perusak Lapisan

Ozon Serta Memproduksi Barang Yang

Menggunakan Bahan Perusak Lapisan Ozon

Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No 51/M-

dag/Per/12/2007

Ketentuan Impor Metil Bromida Untuk

Keperluan Karantina dan Pra Pengapalan

Back

• ODP

• GWPEnvironmental

• Flammability

• ToxicitySafety

• Operating Pressure

• Oil Transport PropertiesTechnical

• New material price

• Conversion cost

• Down timeEconomic

COMMERCIAL REFRIGERATION

Alternative and Presenter Advantages Disadvantages

R-422D retrofit of HCFC-22 supermarket systems

(Epta)

• Retrofits done quickly without business interruption

or additional investment

• Energy advantages

• Lower discharge temperature (for longer compressor

and components lifespan)

• Direct GWP climate impact

• No other disadvantages specifically addressed in

presentation

R-417A retrofit of HCFC-22 medium temp. ref. and

stationary AC

R-422A retrofit of HCFC-22 and R-502 medium/low

temp. ref.

R-422D retrofit of HCFC-22 ref. and stationary AC

R-437A retrofit of CFC-12 medium temp. ref. and

mobile AC (DuPont)

• Safety classification of A1

• Typically no-oil-change retrofit

• Comparable energy efficiency compared to HCFC-

22 for R-417A, R-422A, and R-422D, and compared

to CFC-12 or HFC-134a for R-437A

• Comparable capacity compared to HCFC-22 or R-

417A, R-422A, and R-422D, and compared to CFC-12

or HFC-134a for R-437A

• Direct GWP climate impact

• No other disadvantages specifically addressed in

presentation

R-744 (CO2) new transcritical and cascade

supermarket refrigeration systems (Green Cooling

Council)

• No climate impact

• Low toxicity and no flammability

• Potential for low power consumption in

cool/moderate climates

• Theoretical higher efficiency than HFC-134a up to

30°C

• Low cost and widely available refrigerant

• Lack of systems knowledge/familiarity

• Potential for high power consumption in hot

climates

• Remote location servicing challenge

• Installation costs currently 20% higher than

conventional system

R-290 (propane)

commercial refrigeration equipment, including

bottle coolers, glass door merchandisers, ice

cream/chest freezers, commercial refrigerators

and freezers (Danfoss)

Low cost and widely available refrigerant

In running production

Good thermodynamic performance compared

to HCFC-22, especially in low countries

Low climate impact (GWP of 3)

Comparable pressure, capacity loss, and COP

performance compared to HCFC-22

Improved pressure ratio LBP, discharge

temperature, and volumetric capacity compared

to HCFC-22

Safety concerns (flammability); may mean

slightly increased cost depending on base design

Costs for factory investments in leak test,

charging, and safety installments

Change of system parts for larger appliances

Ammonia commercial/industrial applications

(Jaeggi/Guntner)

No climate impact

Favorable in large systems

No simple replacement in new systems; all

refrigerants need adjustments (e.g., different

refrigerant-carrying tubes)

Hydrocarbons retrofit of large chillers (Energy

Resources Group)

Energy savings

Low climate impact

Technician training to understand hydrocarbon

characteristics Some projects, sites, and chillers

are not suitable for hydrocarbons because of

location, serviceability, ventilation

Back

R-22 Residu

Recycle Disposal

Available in Indonesia : PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk

• Cement Kiln is a destruction technology in which CFC gas decomposes completely in a few seconds at high temperatures, thus generating hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids which we are then reacted with alkaline calcium and fixed to form non-toxic and harmless clinker material

• CFC thermal Destruction in cement kiln:– (1) CF2Cl2 + 2H2O 2HCl + 2HF + CO2

– (2) CaCO3 CaO + CO2

– (3) CaO + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2O

– (4) CaO + 2HF CaF2 + H2O

Back

• HCFC is phasing out both in developed and developing countries

• Several alternatives have been available in the market

• No one substance is fit for all application

• ODS destruction facility is already available in Indonesia

Back