IAQI A QINDOOR AIR QUALITYINDOOR AIR QUALITY

ANDANDHUMIDITY CONTROL

WHYWHY

HUMIDIFYWHY

HUMIDIFYHUMIDITYCONTROLHUMIDIFYHUMIDIFYCONTROL

Manufacturers have realized for many yearsrealized for many years

that their processes d hi tand machines operate best at optimum p

humidity conditions.”

H i M t i lHygroscopic Materials

Ab b d Gi f i tAbsorb and Give of moisture

HIGHER EXPANSION ACROSS GRAIN

Low RH More StaticLow RH More Static Electricity

Typical Application Requirements

Libraries / Museums40-50%40-50%

Typical Application Requirements

Woodworking / Furniture15-60%15 60%

Typical Application RequirementsTypical Application Requirements

Electronics Manufacturing20-70%

Typical Application Requirementsyp ca pp ca o equ e e s

Textiles50-70%50 70%

Typical Application RequirementsTypical Application Requirements

Pharmaceuticals30-60%

Typical Application RequirementsTypical Application Requirements

Automotive30-80%

Typical Application Requirementsyp ca pp ca o equ e e s

Laboratories30-70 up30 70 up

“This thinking is now beingThis thinking is now being extended to an ever more

l bl t

PEOPLE”valuable asset:

PEOPLEFROM: Control Humidity to Increase Productivity,

Contracting Business Magazine.

WHY CONSIDER IAQ OR IEQQ Q

1999 BOMA/ULI* OFFICE TENANTSURVEY REPORT

WHAT OFFICE TENANTS WANTWHAT OFFICE TENANTS WANT

COMFORT 95%

INDOOR AIR QUALITY 94%

*Building Owners and Management Association/Urban Land Institute

WHYWHY

HUMIDIFYWHY

HUMIDIFYHUMIDITYCONTROLHUMIDIFYHUMIDIFYCONTROL

THE NEWTHE NEW WEBSTERS DICTIONARY

Air con • di • tion • ing n TheAir con • di • tion • ing, n. The process of regulating the quality, temperature, humidity, and circulation of air in a spaceenclosure.

I A Q PROBLEMS

80

60

70

80

30

40

50

10

20

30

0

75% TEMP/HUM 18% BIOLOGICAL 7% MICROBIAL

Ventilation for IAQ Can have a dramatic effect on the thermalcomfort of the occupant.

15 CFM per person creates about one airchange per hour in a space.change per hour in a space.

Ventilation can cause high and low humiditylevels.

HOW WARM DO YOU FEEL?HOW WARM DO YOU FEEL?

Th ’ f d d h di ff fThe tenant’s comfort depends on the direct effect oftemperature and humidity. If either are to high or to lowthey can have a detrimental effect on the comfort level.y

Increasing the RH level in summer and wintertime has adirect effect occupant on the comfort leveldirect effect occupant on the comfort level.

HOW WARM DO YOU FEEL

HEAT INDEX TEMPERATURET 125 123 141E 120 116 130 148E 120 116 130 148M 115 111 120 135 151P 110 105 112 123 137 150E 100 105 113 123 135 149R 95 99 104 110 110 120 132 144A 90 85 87 90 93 96 100 106 113 122T 85 80 82 84 86 88 90 93 97 102 108U 80 8 9 81 82 8 86 88 91U 80 75 77 78 79 81 82 85 86 88 91R 75 70 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80E 70 65 66 67 68 69 70 70 71 71 72

F 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100F 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Source: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration

OUTDOOR-INDOOR RELATIVE HUMIDITY CONVERSIONOUTDOOR-INDOOR RELATIVE HUMIDITY CONVERSION

RH INDOOR RH%100 2 4 5 6 7 9 12 17 19 23 29 36 42 53100 2 4 5 6 7 9 12 17 19 23 29 36 42 5360 1 2 3 3 4 5 7 9 11 14 17 21 26 3150 1 1 3 3 4 4 6 8 9 12 14 18 22 2645 1 1 2 3 3 4 6 7 8 11 13 16 20 2445 1 1 2 3 3 4 6 7 8 11 13 16 20 2440 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 7 7 10 12 14 18 2135 1 1 2 2 2 4 5 6 6 7 10 12 15 1830 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 9 11 13 1530 0 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 5 7 9 11 13 1525 0 1 1 1 2 3 4 4 4 5 7 9 11 1320 0 1 1 1 2 2 3 3 3 5 5 7 9 10

-20 -10 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50OUTDOOR TEMPERATURE

CHART ASSUMES THE INDOOR TEMPERATURE IS 70 FCHART ASSUMES THE INDOOR TEMPERATURE IS 70 F

USA USA TODAYTODAY

LIFEFeb 25,2003

Spend a few billion andSpend a few billion and call me in the morning!g

• Cold remedies $2.19 Billion• Cough drops/lozenges $1.88 Billiong p g• Cough syrups/tablets $423 Million• Nasal Products $426 Million$• Sinus remedies $265 Million• Un-needed antibiotics $1 1 BillionUn needed antibiotics $1.1 Billion• $6,284.000.000.00

USA TODAY F b 25 03• USA TODAY Feb. 25,03

2002 in the U.S.A.2002 in the U.S.A.

110 Milli d t i it110 Million doctor visits6 million emergency room visits

USA TODAY Feb.25,03

Economic Cost of ColdsEconomic Cost of Colds

$39,500,000,000.0055% is a result of missed work days55% is a result of missed work days

Costing $22,500,000,000.00

USA TODAY Feb. 25, 03

This does not includeThe costs of $$

• Flue• Pneumonia• Skin irritations• Eye & contact Lens problems• Eye & contact Lens problems• Others

Indoor Air Qualityy

“Research conducted in twelve public schools showed a 20% reduction in absenteeism

in all schools when relative humidity was raised from

20% to 35%.”

Absolute HumidityAbsolute Humidityand the Flu

By. Gary L. BerlinNortec Sales Manager

September 3, 2009

LEGIONAIRES DISEASE DESIGN TEMPERATURE & RISKS

F C212 100 STEAM HUMIDIFICATION

NO VIABLELEGIONELLA

163 80 HOT WATER RADIATORS

LEGIONELLA WILL 130 60 WILL DIE IN TIME130 60 WILL DIE IN TIME

HOT WATER STORAGE

94 4094 40 SPAS - SHOWERS LEGIONELLA WILL

COOLING TOWERS MULTIPLYCOLD WATER

68 20 SERVICELEGIONELLA

32 0 REMAINS DORMANT

Source: Chartered Institute of Building Service Engineers

THE INTERNATIONALTHE INTERNATIONALCYCLOPAEDIA

A COMPENDIUM OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGEA COMPENDIUM OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE

REVISED WITH LARGE ADDITIONS

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF

H. T. PECK, Ph.D., L.H.D.Professor In Columbia University

ASSOCIATE EDITORSSELIM M. PEABODY, Ph.D., LL.D. CHARLES F. RICHARDSON. A.M.Late P resident of the University of Illinois Professor In Dartmouth College

IN FIFTEEN VOLUMES

Vol. XV

NEW YORK

DODD, MEAD & COMPANY

1900

Part at least of the unwholesomeness of air so heated arises from its excessivedryness; it parches and withers everything it touches, like the African simoom. Itmust not, however, be supposed that it is peculiar to air heated by contact withmetal; air suddenly heated is always unwholesomely dry. This is an important point

321 Warming

; y y y y p pin regard to the subject of warming, and requires consideration. A cubic foot of air,say at 32° can contain a certain quantity of moisture and no more; but if heated to80°, it is capable of containing five times as much, and has thus become thirsty anddrinks up moisture from everything that contains any. The heating of air, therefore,does not dry it, in the sense of taking moisture from it, it only renders it greedier ofmore; and this is equally true whether it is heated by a stove or an open fire. Thechief difference is that in the latter case the warming is more gradual and no part ofthe air becomes very highly heated; while the air that touches a metal plate nearredness is all at once rendered intensely thirsty and, before its fierceness is temperedby thoroughly mixing with the rest of the atmosphere of the room, must be highlypernicious. But whenever the temperature within doors is much higher thanwithout the air is in a too thirsty state, and parches the skin and lungs, unless means

be taken to supply the necessary moisture. An evaporating pan or othert i i ti l t f i tcontrivance is an essential part of warming apparatus; it is

specially necessary to attend to this during e. winds, which are generally too dry evenat their natural temperature.

All improvements on this simple and rude form of stove aim at avoiding a highheat in the warming surface, and this chiefly by lining the fire-box with brick, andinclosing it in several casings, so as to enlarge the heated surface. In the kind ofstove called a cockle the fire is burned in a small furnace within the inner case, andthe air is warmed by circulating between the inner and outer cases. When placed inthe apartment or hall to be warmed, the outer casing has perforations about the topfor the issue of the warm air. For heating churches and similar buildings, the stoveis placed in a separate furnace-room, and time warm air is conveyed to the differentparts of the building in pipes or flues, while fresh air is drawn to the stove through achannel or culvert leading from outside the building to the openings in the outercasing.

Th t i t d b D A tt i th i i l f t i dThe stove invented by Dr. Arnott is upon the same principle of an extensive andmoderately warm heating surface. Under a sense of professional honor, Dr. Arnottdid not take out a patent for his stove; it was therefore made by many furnishingironmongers in the metropolis and elsewhere some of whom took out patents forwhat they considered as improvements upon it. No fewer than 12 patents were takenout in one year for modifications of this stove, all of which Dr. Arnott considered tobe upon false principals. The consequence has been that many Arnott stoves, whichhad been introd ced into ho ses ha e been gi en p on acco nt of thehad been introduced into houses, have been given up on account of theinconvenience felt from the species of heat which they generated. It is also, however,to be observed that the stove

A further necessity for the constant renewal of fresh air arises wherever lightsare burned. The deteriorated air of a fire goes off by the flue, but lights aregenerally burned where the product must mingle with the atmosphere of the

325 Warming

g y p g papartment. N ow, a pound of oil in burning consumes the oxygen of 13 ft. of air,and produces a large amount of water in vapor, and also of carbonic acid. Everycubic foot of gas consumes the oxygen of 1 0 ft. of air, and forms at least 1 foot ofcarbonic acid, besides watery vapor, sometimes mixed with s sulphurous fumes.

To counteract these various sources of pollution, anti keep the air sufficiently

fresh and wholesome, in rooms where many persons are breathing, it is foundin practice that on an average about 2 0 cubic ft ofin practice that on an average about 2 0 cubic ft. offresh air per minute for each individual must besupplied.

Ventilation consists of two operations—the removal of the foul air, and theintroduction of fresh. Though neither operation can go on without the other goingon at the same time, it is convenient to consider the two separately.

The agents employed in removing the air from apartments are chiefly two: thatby which nature effects the ventilation of the earth on a grand scale, viz., thedraught of ascending currents produced by difference of temperature; andmechanical force, such as pumping. The former is the more common, and is theonly one applicable to private houses.

The column of air in the chimney of a lighted fireplace being expanded andcomparatively light exerts less than the prevailing pressure on the air immediatelyunder and about its base. The air, therefore, below and around it pushes it up,and flows in to take its place the velocity of the movement being in proportion toand flows in to take its place the velocity of the movement being in proportion tothe height of the chimney and the degree of heat. Thus, although it is oftenconvenient to speak of the air being drawn or sucked into the chimney, the forcedoes not lie in the chimney, but in the greater pressure of the air behind.

Wherever, then, there is a heated chimney, there is a means of removing thefoul air. , And in rooms moderately lofty and spacious, with windows and otherfittings not closer than usual, and a chimney mouth of the usual width, there islittle risk, when there are only a few inmates, of any serious vitiation of the air.Th h d b h h d h ili h i diff i lf d llThe heated breath that ascends to the ceiling has time to diffuse itself gradually,and be drawn in a diluted state into the currents that are setting from all quarterstoward the chimney. These currents, however, are one great objection to thismode of ventilation, as they consist in great part of cold air that has just enteredby the doors and windows and are strongest where the inmates sit to enjoy thefire.

The ascent of foul air to the top of the room dictates its exit in that direction,rather than low down at the mouth of the chimney. It is conceived by some thaty ythe carbonic acid of the breath, from its greater weight must be chiefly at thebottom of the room but this is a mistake. The heated breath ascends instantly,because it is, as a whole, lighter than the air around it: and the carbonic acid in itdoes not tend to separate from it and fall down by its superior weight, but, by thelaw of the diffusion of gases, seeks

Why be concerned about IAQWhy be concerned about IAQ

Your customers want it for:

Reduced absenteeismReduced absenteeismProductivityHealthIncreased ProfitsIncreased Profits

HUMIDITY CONTROLHUMIDITY CONTROL

IS ESSENTIAL TO

IAQ and IEQQ Q

Steam Exchange HumidifierSteam Exchange HumidifierSteam Exchange HumidifierSteam Exchange Humidifier

SETC and GSTC Outdoor ModelSETC and GSTC Outdoor ModelSETC and GSTC Outdoor ModelSETC and GSTC Outdoor Model

Principle of OperationPrinciple of Operation

Fill ValveSteam Float

Chamber

Actuator

Steam Valve

F&T

To Boiler

Pump

To Boiler or Drain To Drain

How Does it WorkHow Does it WorkWater hood

V-Profilee Media Box

Water Flow limiter

Inlet valve

Circulation pump (modelREflow)

Step valve

Water Basin

Drain Valve