ra~niiinis.jinr.ru/sl/ntblib/jinr-d7-89-820.pdf · 1. BBELIEHME Ebra~m. 6mee YeM TpnnuaTHnWHRfl...

T B n H I i e O n H H J K O B b l e I IOnXOllb l . B YCJIOBWRX P a 3 H m 6 p a 3 W R l l P H M e H R B m W X C R

M e T O n O B M C n C C O b O B n C l K a 3 a T e J l b C T B a WAeHTW*WKaUWM R n e p n o R B H J I C C b

P i l C X U X n e H H e B E O n P C C e 0 K P W T e P M R X O T K P H T W R HOBHX 3 J I e M e H T O B -

B TO are spew r a w a s l r p y n n a a B T o p o B H ~ C T & ~ W ~ m c T a n B a n a C-

TIPMOPW'PeT B O T K P W T H M W, C O O T B e T C T B e H H O , n P a B O n P W C B 0 U T b H a 3 B a H H e

H O ~ O M Y ~ J I ~ M ~ H T Y C c I r n a c H c ) T p a n n q n n . B p e 3 y n b ~ a ~ e B n n T e p a T y P e w HOBHX

rijnatinsx n e p n o n n q e c ~ o f l f a 6 n n u ~ M e ~ n e n e e ~ a HOBW s n e t e H T u nwyqnnw P a 3 H H e H a 3 B a H M R : 102 - ~ 0 6 e J I W i i W X O J I M O T W ~ ~ , 103 - J ~ O Y W H C H ~ ~ W

I peziep%opnnfi, 104 - pe3epmpnwR n r y p q a ~ m n i l , 105 - r a ~ n i i w

l I P 6 J I e M Y H a Y P O B H e M ~ ~ Y H ~ P O ~ H O ~ ~ H ~ Y ~ H ~ I 0 6 ~ T B e H H C C T H -

H ~ ~ B ~ H M R M M 3 J I e M e H T O E T P a A W U W O H H O 3 a H H M a n a C b KoMUCCWR n o H O M e H K J l Z l T Y P e H ~ O P T ~ H W ~ ~ C K O ~ ~ XWMUW M ~ Z ~ Y H ~ P O ~ H O ~ O C o m a ~ H C T O ~ ~ W

n p ~ ~ n a n ~ o i 4 XMMUW ( M I O M ) . M 3 C n o p H m B o n p m m eii p a H e e npnmmb P e l l M T b JIWUlb H e C K O J l b K O 3 a C T a p e n b o t n P c l t j J I e M C H a 3 B a H W R M U 3 J l e M e H T O B M 3

~ O B O ~ H H O A WCTOpHW XWMUM, a B C C H O B H O M O H a 3 a H W M a S l a C b H O W H K J I ~ T Y L ~ ~

XMhU?qeCKHX c O E ~ M H ~ H W ~ ~ . ~ O ~ I B J I ~ H W ~ 3 a R B O K H a Ul 'KPblTWe T P a H C e P M U e B H X

3 J l e M e H T O B , C M H T F 3 M P O B a H H k d X H a YCKOPWTeSLRX W W n e H T H W U W P O B a H H H X M

M 3 Y q e H H b o t C O B P e M e H H W M e T O n a M l t R n e p ~ o L f *W3WKW W PanWOXWMMH.

n C C T a B H J l 3 T Y KOMUCCWW B 3 a T P Y A H W T e J l b H O e n O J l ~ H W e - B ee C U 2 T a E H e

BXOAMSIH M H e BXOA5iT 3 K C n e P T H W 3 H a 3 B a H H H X 0 6 J I a c ~ e f i H a Y K W , W l l U 3 T O M Y

KOMUCCMR H e M O r J I a KBaJIH*WUWPOBaHHO C Y A W T b 06 0 6 C C H O B a H H O C T W 3 T W X

Z ~ H B O K , H a neps tu nopax ma n p c c T o nmepnnacb aBT0pat . i .

f l p m i n e m C M H T ~ ~ ~ HOB~IX ~ ~ ~ M ~ H T O B B c e r n a smtmana ~ O B ~ E H H ~

t W H T e P e C Y I J M p G K d HEiyq~& 0 6 W C T B e H H C C T W W, e C T e C T B e H H 0 . O H a 3 a T w

T M E d e T C H BO MHOrWX 0 6 3 0 p a X . O l l y 6 n w K O B a H H H X B H ~ Y ~ H & W ~ I M Y I I R P H ~

n M T e P a T y p e . ABTOPH p R n a T a K n x 063opo~, H e 6 y ~ y q n ~ e n U 2 p e n C T B e H H o

I l P M q a C T H U M M K P a 6 U T a M n o C W H T e 3 Y H O B H X 3 J I e E H T O B . T e M H e M e H e

n3narann cgoe u r H m e H n e K T e u wnn W H ~ n p n o p ~ ~ e r ~ m p a 6 m a M .

3 E l q a C T Y D H ~ ~ C C T ~ T O ' - ~ H O 0 6 h e K T W B H e . Bce 3 T O n p n ~ n n o K eIite 6OJlbmfi I n Y T a H H U e W 3 a 6 J l Y X A e H k W M . -- ~ 3 ~ -

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C Y W T ~ R C(X3naBmYX)CR C H T y a I V i K l H e H o ~ U d n b H C d , ~ Y ~ H ~ H C K ~ R rpynna H - H a p a T H O H ~ C T ~ Y ~ ~ 06&X3IWnaCb B mTV\K C n P n n U X e H w I M w 0

c q a H n n h e x n y ~ a p c u ~ d rounccnn, wmom mrna 6u p e m n ~ b C n O p H b l e

onm mu- O ~ H ~ K O n o psny npnvnti 3 ~ 0 m H e 6 W O c n e n a H o -

B 1984-1985 r r. C W H H ~ ~ T H & B H e C T W R C H C C T b B AaHHYI) I l ~ n e M Y

B b l C T y n H n M-yHaIQ!lHtdl C o r n Y H C T ~ W I I P w K ~ ~ ~ H ~ ~ ~ W K W ( m n A n ) - n0 n p e u n m H n n 3 a ~ n l a e m e r o T o r n a ~ O J t X H C C T b em n p e 3 n n e ~ ~ a A . E p o u n n

p e w t i n e h i W C I I M K O W ~~ npn cornacosatinn c PYKOEIO~CTBOH kUllnAK 6Wa

c m n a H a P a 6 m a ~ r pynna n o T p a H c Q e p m i e B b a r 3 n e M e H T a t . i non I l p e n C e D T e J I b C T B o M A - B b I n K ~ H c a i a ( B e n b l K 0 6 p k i ~ a H W l ) - B C I 3 2 T a B r p y n n b l

BOUUlW W 3 B e C T H b l e a B T O P W T e T H b l e Y' ieHble B 0 6 n a C T W R A ~ P H O ~ 4U3WKW W X H M W

n 3 P ~ S H H X c ~ p a t ~ ( w p o t d e ~ a n d ~ e e 3 a n H T e p e c o s a H H t w - CIlLA, OX?. Q P r ) :

bd. % t l e H ( Q p a H U w R ) - CrT mTV\K ( n p e 3 H n e H T 3 T O r 0 C O M a C 1989 r. I .

A. B a n c ~ p a ( R m n a ~ n n ~ ) - c e w p e T a p b . W- Ynerna ( *xocnoaarm C e K W T a p b , P. Eap6ep ( K a H a n a ) , 11. ~ ~ H B Y A ( h b i ~ 0 6 ~ b l T a ~ ~ ) - GT uX)mK, M. JMOPT ( c P p a ~ u m ) , M. Cawan (Hnaim) , A. Xpn~weenv (Tlar~bm).

B aanavy P a 6 0 v e f i rpynnu s x o n n ~ swa6mwa r p n T e p n e e ~ K P U T ~

HOBHX ~ ~ ~ M ~ H T O B n nx n p n M e t i e H n e npn cnpenenetinn npnopme-ra ~ K P H T I M

T p a H c Q e p u n e B h c i ~ ~ ~ M ~ H T O B . P a 6 0 q a ~ r p y n n a H a v a n a pa6ma~b c w s p a n f l

1988 r. 8 V a C T H C C T M , O t l a 3HaKOMWTCR C HaY'iHblMtl M 3 T e P W a n a M W H a M e C T e

-. B warnoil n 3 ~ p e x 3 a n H T e p e c o B a H H n x na6opa~opnZi ( A a p m a n ~ , &pwnn,

A Y ~ H ~ ) . MU n H a m K a n n e r n B A y 6 ~ e c camro H a v a n a 3 ~ e p r n v ~ o n a n e p r a n n

n p e n n c m e H n e o c m u a ~ n n Pa6me# rpynnu m W W ) M I n C T P e m n n c b

c n m 0 6 c T B m a T b ee y c n e w d n e R T e n b H o c T n . H o , n o H a u r e u y MHeHnK),

0 6 C Y W e H W e H e L l O I I M O O ~ P a H H Y W B a T b C R Y3KWM K P Y r O M . 0 H e M A Q n M a

H H Q i O P M P O B E i T b C R LILWPOKaR HaY'1HaR 0 6 4 e C T B e H H C C T b . -TOMY HaMll

l l O n r U T O m e H H a c ~ a ~ U & I f i 0630P n 0 WCTOPHW OTKPHTMSI HOB= 3 n e M e H T O B . B

K ~ W O M ~ b l n 3 n a r a e ~ c ~ o e n w n M a H n e n m n e m n m H w H n e K p a s n n r ~ t m K O H K P t ? T t i t m 3 K C n e P H M e H T a n b H b l M p a 6 m a M n o C H H T e 3 Y HOEHX 3 n e M e H T 0 6 , B

V a C T t l O C T W 3 n e M e H T O B 101, 102 bl 103. 0306- BHWM3HWe Y U e n e H O

K P H T e P W R M O T K P h l T m .

%pa- B H n u a H n e v n T a T e n s i H a ~ T Y n m n e w y , ~ b l H a n e e M c R , YTO ai

H e T O I I ~ K O n p = m B n T K ~efi nmepec . HO n cnenaeT rpnrnvecwne 3 a u e v a H m

H a CCHQB~ csoem npo%eccnaianbHoro n M ~ H ~ H H O ~ onma- MU m r n n 6 b l

WX Y ' i e C T b nePen T e M , K a K B O K a i Y a T e n b H a B H n e H a n W B H T b LIaHHbdi 06-

B H ~ Y Y H ~ X Y P H a n - 03060 Mbl 3 a M H T e W O B a H H B He3aBWCWMHX MHeHUHX 0

KPWTePWRX O T K P M I M -

1 . ICR)Pm ~ P b l ~ 3 W E H T A 102

3.1. ~ K c I I ~ P H M ~ H T H n o c n ~ ~ e s y 102-m 3 n e r r e H T a . I

B b m Q n H e H H W E 1957 I T S I y B CTOK-bMe- - - 3.2 ~ K c I ~ ~ ~ w M ~ H T H 1958-1961 =OB, BhlnQnHeHHble B

P a n n a u n a i ~ d n a 6 o p a ~ o ~ n n B 6epwnn - - 3 . j . ~ K C ~ ~ ~ W M ~ H T H 1957 - 1960 m O B B MOCKB€!

3 . 4 . ~ K C ~ ~ ~ W M ~ H T U 1962 - 1966 I T I n O B . I l p o B e n e H H W

B m, h 6 H a

3.4.1. m H T e 3 W 3 0 T U l a 2 5 6 1 ~ ~ - . - - 3.4.2. m H ~ e 3 H 3 0 T O n a 254 102 - . . .

3.4.3. ~ ~ l ~ e 3 W-(YIOE 255102 n 256102 . . 3.4.4. Q H T ~ ~ W3m(YIOB 2521~2. 2531~2, 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 -

3.4.5. H 3 y v e ~ n e C n O H T a H H O r O LleJleHWR Y e T H U - Y e T H h l X

n3mmm . - - . - - 3.4 -6. ~ K C I ~ ~ ~ W M ~ H T H n o XWMHW 102-PO 3 n e M E H T a

3.5- CYMM~ A a H H b M . I l M y Y e H H h l X K O K T R 6 P I ) 1966 roEla

3.6. 3 K c I l e p n M e H T H r p y n n H & ? P K n H , U l Y 6 n H K o B E I H H b l e B

P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S B 1967 lmny - -

3.7. 0 6 ~ y r n e H W e P e 3 Y n b T a T O B pa6m E e P K n H H h 6 H H .

n p e T e H n y K n n n x H a mrpmne 102-m s n e w H T a .

1 4. K I O P E l OTKPbrmR 3J1EMEHTA 103

4.1. Pa6mu P a n n a u n a i ~ d l n a 6 0 W T O P H H J b y p e H c a .

1 Eeprnn. CAM, n o " noupe~cnn" - . - 4.2. AI3anl.n 6 e p a n n e ~ c a d pa6cfiLd n o " n o y p e ~ c n l o "

4 .3. P a 6 6 H n o C H H T ~ ~ Y 3 n e w ~ ~ a 103 B h 6 H e

1. BBELIEHME

Ebra~m. 6mee YeM T p n n u a T H n W H R f l H C T O P m pa6m n o

H C K Y C C T B H H M Y C H H T e 3 Y TWHCQePMUeBHX 3 n e M e H T O B (2>100) H a C W H a

RPKHMH c 0 6 b l ~ u f l w H H ~ ~ W ~ H H ~ D ~ D I nosopmaw. O H a mrna 6 u n p e n c T a B n T b

co6d 6 o n b m c 2 1 y ~ n e u a ~ e n b ~ t d 3 pacc~aa o n e p n n m m x ~ Y H A ~ M ~ H T ~ ~ ~ H H X

H a Y Y H W n M C K O B , n a m R *laTepHan A m B a M H X 0 6 0 6 U t e ~ H f i . OAHO

0 6 C T O H T e J l b C T B O C M p a Y a e T 3 T Y K a P T H H Y - ~ H P e ~ t l e B n e P e n C O n p O B O m a n O C b

B m H n K H O B e H u e u ~ O B M ~ H O P ~ ~ K H X c n o w o n p n o P n T e T e O T K P ~ ~

m n e n b H m s n e M e H T m u e w y r p y n n a m , pa6ma~wnm B 3 ~ d 0 6 n a c T n . ~ T H

C n O P H , KOTOPW 3anepm~anu nporpecc w c c n e ~ o B a ~ w f i , n a n y Y w n n U~WPOKYKI

O r n a C K Y . H B C03HaHHW H ~ Y Y H ~ H 6anee o l H ~ d 06UleCTBeHHOCTH,

H e C C U H e H H 0 , B K ~ K ~ - T O C T e n e H H 3 a T M U n H H C K J i ~ Y H T e J l b H O 3 H a Y H T e n b H W .

COrnaCOBaHHHE? , I I M a M T e n b H b l E f H T O r H P a 6 O T H 6 M b l W x K M n e K T H B D B ,

3 a T P a T H B I W X m p C U H U e HHTenneKTYaJ lbHHE? H M a T e P H a n b H W YCHnHR- K p o ~ e

OTKPblTWR A e C R T H HOBhDL 3J IeMeHTOB, 3 T H H T O r H COCTORT B naHHhlX 0

W ~ W O B K T H B H H X C B ~ C T B ~ X nOYTH so HYKnHnOB C aTOMHblMH HOMePaMU

102-110, B H3YYeHHH XHMW'ieCKHX C B ~ C T B P f l A a 3 T H X 3 n e M e H T O B . B

O T K P W H H HOBHX B H n O B PaAHOBKTHBHOCTH, ~ ~ K C H ~ M ~ P H O C T ~ ~ C n W T a H H m O

neneem R n e p , rrexaHmt&m f l n e p H w p e a ~ u u U . Oc06e~~o uemm w ~ 4 o ~ t . i a u n ~ 6wa n M Y Y e H a 06 OC06eHHOCTf lX C n O H T a H H O M L l e n e H m H 3aKCHcwAePHa2Tf lX

H 3 M e H e H m eM X a P a K T e P H C T H K .

K ~ K 6 y n e ~ nowaaa~o HHW, n o n y Y e H w e T p a H c Q e P w e B m ( u n n , T ( I F ( H ~ ~ ,

T P ~ H c M ~ H A ~ ~ ~ B H ~ B H X ) 3 n e M e H T O B B R n e P H H X peaKUWRX C " T ~ ~ X € ! ~ I H M U HOHaMU"

(HOHU 3 n e W H T O B Tfll(en- E ~ H S I ) R B H n O C b C O B e P W H H O HOBHM H

cneun9nPW'(ecKnM 3 ~ a n o u B P a c w p e H n n r p a H n u T a 6 n H U H Me~neneesa. E o n b m e

T P Y n H o C T H 3 ~ d W 6 O T H B P f l A e C n Y Y a e B H e I l C B B M H n H I lMHOCTbKl H 3 6 e m T b

m 6 m . &HO& B ~ H H K H O E E H W R C n o P O B o n P H O P H T e T e , O Y ~ ~ ~ B I W X C R

6 O J l b l E f i YaCTbKI 6eCll I lOnHHMU, f lBHnOCb O T C Y T C T B H e COTnaCOBaHHHX 1

K P H T e P H e B , i l O KOTOPHM -0 6 W O 6 H OLleHHBEiTb 3 a R B K H H a n P H O P H T e T B

OTKPblTHH HOBHX 3 n e W H T O B - Cefi'iac CTaBHTCf l Z l a n a Y a BH'PEt6OTKH TaKHX

K P H T e P H e B . C p a 3 Y . '(TO CHH A M M b l 6 W b B e C b M a 06(IU1WS I

nCCKOnbKY MeTOZltr H CrIOC06bl n O Y a 3 a T e n b C T B O T K P H T W Y P e H 3 B e c T H H X

TPaHCQiePMWeBbM 3 n e M e H T O B n O T P e 6 O P d n H H O B H X . p d 3 H m 6 W 3 H b o c nonxonm. I H p a 6 O T a rIOVTH H a n warnmi s n e u e H T m n p n H m w n a HOEW M e T o n n ' i e c w w e

O C 0 6 e H H O C T H H C n O C 0 6 b l a P F Y M e H T a U H H - K P W T ~ P W H A W M b l YYHTblBaTb B e C b

llPO(ILnbd( OnblT H B T O X? B P e M nOAXOAHTb UILR KWK-HHX C H T Y B U ~ ,

K O P O P k E M O W 0 n P e A B H n e T b B 6YnYUteM. & l H H e n M M t 4 H e l l O C p e A C T B e H H O

Z l a B H C e T b O T C r I C C 0 6 a W C n a A a H3Y'iaeMHX flLleP, O T 3 K C n e p H M e H T a n b H H X

t r p n n a P e H n e I 1 1231 ) . I3 ero oc~ose n e m T O Y e B H n H o e ~ p e 6 O B a H n e

1;HHTeTHYeCKClrO 3 n e M e H T d C O C T M T B OTLleneHHH €?PO O T B C e x H3BecTHhlX

PaAMCIXHUUY~CKHX AaHHbU( C aPrYME!HTa*W, C C H O B a H H W H a f lnepHblX

C R I C J ~ T B ~ X H RB.lleHHRX, a TaKXl2 C n e n C T B H R 3 a K C W C S COXPaHeHHf l H A.

T P E ( ~ O B ~ H H ~ x H M H Y ~ C K & HneHTHWlKaUHH B C T P O r O M CMblCne 6 W O 0 6 W H O

G U n O n H e H O n H U k leKOTOPOe B P e M CnYCTf l . K P ~ T K H ~ 0630P HCTOPHH

O T K P ~ H R ~ ~ ~ M ~ H T O B OT no fId('O1). r ne c n e u n a n b n o

n w n e m B a e T c R 3 T 0 C o q e T a t i n e X H M U ~ ~ ~ C K H X H W ~ H Y ~ C K W X n o K a 3 a T e n b c T B .

rlPHBO/JHl'Cfl B I lPHnO*eHHH UI 131. M 3 W S H ' i e C K H X MeTOAOB OnHCZ3Ha'iHOe A O K a 3 a T e n b C T B O a T O M H O M

H o u e p a n a e T , B nepayu o v e p e n b . n 3 M e p e H w e x a p a ~ ~ e p n c ~ ~ ~ e c ~ o r o

P e H T r e H O B C K O F O H 3 n Y Y e H M . 3 T D T K ~ ~ c c H Y ~ c K H W M e T O n , KaK H 3 B e C T H 0 ,

C b l r P a J l OnPf2AenRKWYU P O n b B O T K P W H H Pf lAa HePanHOBKTHBHblX 3 n e U e H T O B .

O n ~ a ~ u t i e m x o n w m O T M ~ T H T ~ x a P a K T e p H w o c c 6 e H H c c T n H y c n o s m em H C n C U l b 3 O B a H M H a CUBPeMeHHOM 3 T a n e : C H H T e T H Y e C K H e TpaHCQlepMUeBW

3 n e M e H T U UOCTYnHbl JIWUIb B C T O n b W n O M K O n H Y e C T B e aTOMOB. Y T O H e n b 3 R

M C n Q n b 3 o B a T b BHeDIHHCl HCTOYHHK s m 6 Y w e H W . TO MY P e a n b H o

n e T e K T n P 3 B a T b num X - n ~ YH. n c n y c K a e w a T O M a u n no-ieptiero H y K n n m

nocne ~ a ~ o r c r n H 6 o pacnana ( a . r j + , EC) M a T e p n H c w n x nnep. a B c n w a e CnOMTaHHO AfUHUDIXCR HYKnHLlOB B n P H H U H n e -0 A e T e K T H D O B a T b X - ~ Y Y H

K a u o r o ~3 nBYX O C K ~ K O B n e n e H m . P e a n b ~ o C y w c T B y e T 6 0 n b m

O r p a H u ' i e H n e H a H c n O n b m B a H u e 3 ~ 0 r 0 M e T o n a . 0 6 y c n m e H H o e T P Y ~ H O C T R M U

nOnY'4eHHf l "xo!JOU& C T ~ T H C T H K W " , H A 0 H ~ C T & W ~ O B P e M e H H H 3 M e P e H H e

x a p a r T e p n c T w - i e c r o r o P e H T r e H o B c w o r o H ~ ~ Y Y ~ H M H e curpano C Y ~ T B ~ H H C S I

POnH B OTKPHTHH TPaHCYPaHOBblX 3 n e M e H T O B .

n 3 ~ e c - P H ~ J M n m o n m repe3 p a n n m ~ ~ n ~ ~ t d l pacnan nnn uenym u e n m w y

pacnanos. Co s p e ~ e ~ Pe3ep4upna, Connn n np. TOT WTOA n c n a n b a y e ~ c ~

~JJIM H n e H T n m K a u n n ~ - ~ K T W B H W HyKnnnaB n Ha 3 ~ a n e n c c n e n o B a ~ n i i

TWHCQePLUleBHX 3neMeHTOB C W W n 3Ha'iHTenbHYKl POJlb B HX OTKPWHH.

C Y W ~ C T B Y ~ T 6CJlbmoci ~a6op Q*t3U'ieCKUx H APYFMX UaHHHX, KOTOptre

-0 WCCMaTPHBaTb B KareCTBe AOnCJlHWTenbHW ( B c n W O r a ~ e n b ~ H X )

aprYMeHTOB B nCJlb3Y npaBWnbHOCTH HAeHTHQ*rKaUUH aToMHOr0 HOMePa-

P ~ c c L * ~ T P H M KPaTKO HeKOTOPble W 3 HWX. W e H b 34rQleKTWBHNM L)eTOAOM

i WAeHTW#MKaUWW HYKnHAOB, B nPHHUHne. RBILRlDTCR I l e P e K w C T H E 06nYW2HHR-

3Ha'ieHWR 3TOF0 MeTOUa B OTKpbPTHbl 3neMeHTOB. CWHTe3WPOBaHHW C

n c w a u t o TR3;ent-a WCHOE, B uenm uenbme, TaK KaK rucno OCYUI~CTBHMHX

K O Y ~ W H ~ U H ~ ~ M W ~ H b - 6 0 M 6 a P A W P Y ~ ClaCTWUa. nPWBOLLROMX K WCKOMO)*Y

HYKnWAY, PeAKO 6 0 n b W ABYX- % ~ " ~ K T H B H H M MeTOAM, YOTOP&, OUHaKO,

n a a H e npnMenRncR, 6 ~ 0 6~ npsiMOe Onpenenenwe u a c c o m o rncna

HyKnnna c ~OMOUL~KI K a K O r W n H 6 0 uacc-cenapa~opa. B c o r e T a H n u c

HeKOTOPHMH A06aB0VHbLMW UaHHbLMW MaCCa 6 w a 6 H OreHb ES432oMbac

a p r y M e H T m B n a n b 3 y o n p e n e n e H H o m aToMHoro H-pa.

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n n ~ e p a ~ y p a

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1'. H. IPnepo~. C.l- 3 ~ a p a

XLMNECKM BIIEMEHW B T O m COTHC.1

CbXloe~We m-6013. Ay6Ha, 1971

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21. Tompkins E.R., Khym J .X. , Cohn W.E., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1947,

v . 63, p . 2769.

M c c n e n o s a H m x [21. ABTOPH [l], n o HX C ~ ~ C T B ~ H H H M C ~ O B ~ M , "ucnmann HcK y m e H n e C n e n a T b B ~ I B O ~ . . . - i T o B -Kuun 2 5 3 ~ (a. n) epaaymcs

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J l n ~ e p a ~ y p a

1. A-Ghiorso. 6-G-Harvey, G.R.Choppin, S.G.Thompson. G.T.Seaborg.

Phys. Rev. 98, 1518 (1955) .

2 . G.R.Choppin, B.G.Harvey, S.G-Thompson, A-Ghiorso, Phys. Rev.

98. 1519 (1955) .

3. L.Phillips. R-Gatti, A.Chesne, L-Muga, S.Thomp3on, Phys. Rev.

Lett. 1. 215 (1985) .

4. r . E a p a ~ o s a , H - f i p a H ~ ~ t ~ e T p , B-APYHH. B-Eprcarm. T .3mposa .

M- K P M B ~ H ~ K . R. Manbl, C. ~ ~ H K ~ H O B , CY X Y H - ryB. n p e n p n ~ ~ O m

W66, A Y ~ H ~ , 1962. Nukleonika 1 , 465 (1962) .

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K 1966 r o n y B L I y 6 ~ e 6Wa a a ~ e p w ~ a cepm pa6m (c~ .paanen 3 .5) .

B p e 3 y n b ~ a ~ e rmopw 6 W W n a H m t i a ' t H o onpeneneeu C ~ ~ I C T B ~ ( 3 ~ e p r n n

a-V~CTHLI H n e p n o n b l n a n y p a c n a n a ) n m n n 3 r ~ r o n o ~ 102-1-0 z i n e ~ e ~ ~ a c

M~CCOBUMH V n c n a M n 252-255. Hn OAWH n 3 W ~ ~ M O B , KIXOP~E y r a 3 m a n n c b

E n y 6 n n K a u m x CTOK ranbmrd r p y n n b l I W . Dl, H e c 6 H a p y x n n

X a P a r T e p n c T n K n u-pacnana, 6nn3wne K E a = 8 . 5 A ~ , 1 M 3 B , T , / , - l O LMHYT.

Han6onee n o n r o x n a y n w i t i n-on 2 5 5 1 ~ 2 wren nepnon n o n y p a c n a n a TIl2=3

MMHYTU n n c n y c r a n - = - V ~ C T H U H c 3~eprneW 8.1 M 3 B . Ecnn a ~ a v n ~ e n b ~ o e

pa3nnvne B B e n n r n H a x nepnona n a n y p a c n a n a , i O M ~ H Y T LWJ n p o T n B

T1/2 -3 MMHYTH AJlSI 2 5 5 1 ~ 2 , H-0 K a K - T O 6 ' h R C H W T b ~ ~ 3 x 4 C T ~ T W C T W K ~

c 0 6 M H G i B pa6me LCl l . TO u r n n w e s H e p r n w a - ' t a c ~ n q £iu=8.5+0, 1 M 3 B

[a] or ~ H ~ P ~ H W U - ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 5 5 1 ~ 2 , CO2TaBJW-e VeT- CTaHAaPTHHE2

O U M 6 r n . H e B m M O l C H o 0 6 ' h R c ~ n ~ b c n y v a i i ~ w u r K n o H e H m m p e z y n b ~ a ~ a

~ 3 M e p e ~ n A .

C ~ Y C T R 11 neT n c c n e n y 6 n n r a q n n p a 6 c l r b l I W J , B 1968 m a y . B

Eeprnn 6wo B t m o n H e H o nccnenmaene xnmrecwnx C&CTB 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a 102

[ = I . -0 Y C T a H o B n e H O , V T O Y C T ~ V H B ~ ~ ( COCTOHHWeM OYWCneHUSl 102-TO

~ n e w ~ ~ a B BOAHHX P a c T B o p a x R ~ ~ T C R 2 + , a H e 3 + , war n p e n n o n a r a n c c b

p a H e e . 3awnwetrne a g T o p o B p a 6 u r b l LW 1 06 u r ~ p m n n 102-ro 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a I X H O B h l B a n C C b H a TGU. ' i T O H a 6 n ~ B l u a R c R nMM 8.5 M 3 B a - a K T W B H O C T b C

T1/2 - 1 0 W H Y T m d h u m a n a c b - - r n n p u x c n n ~ y T n p a T ~ B n e P e n n Q ~ P M H R -

TO n O n O z e H H e m A a n C C b AJlSI T p e X B a n e H T H O r O C o C T o R H H R 102-ro

3 n e M e H T a - O A H ~ K O , KaK C n e n y e T H 3 p e 3 y n b T a T O B p a 6 O T b l [ = I , B YCnoBUSlX

U l W T a , W H C a H H O r O B [ W J , 102 A M 3 L e H 6 M b A B Y X B a n e H T H H M W Bb lYbISaTbCR

H e no a e p ~ m , a nocne H e r o . C n e ~ o s a ~ e n b ~ o , ~ H H W o x n u n ' t e c w c a t

n O B e A e H H n aKTHBH(13TW ELIz8.5 M3B. T1/2=10 MHHYT. I l P e A C T a E J l e H H W B

pasme L W J , H a x o m T c R B npornsope' tnn c sbmmam a B T o p .

npMnnCaB! lMX 3 T Y aKTWBHOCTb 3 n e ) d e H T Y 102-

P a c c m ~ p n s a ~ n a v a n b ~ d s T a n n c T o p w n pa6m n o c n H T e a y 102-ro

3 n e M e H T a , Mt4 BWAHM, V T O YVaCTHWKH 3TWX W 6 O T B n e P B t E C T M K H Y n H C b C

PRAOM TPYAHHX Y C ~ O B W A , x a p a K T e p H t o c nm s w c n e p n u e H T m H a nywcax TRXenb lX HOHOB: O'iEIHb HH3KWe BblXORbl W C K O W HYKnWAOB, 6mbm V H C n O

HCTOVHHKOB m H a , ropmrne B p e M e H a m s n n c n ~ ~ e 3 ~ p y e ~ m t nmmm t i O B O r O 3 n e M e H T a . BHBOP. 0 i lPaBHnbH(3CTW LlnH OmW60VHOCTH IlepEd P a 6 0 T b l

[a] 6W O T n m H H a A C U l r o , B B m Y T O r O , V T O B 3 ~ d p a 6 O T e . T a Y De K a Y

n B pa6me r p y n n u E e p ~ n y [ E l , n p c m e n e ~ ~ d c n e u n a n b H o am ee n R O B e P K H .

H e 6bl.fl0 Y n e J l e H O L lCCTaTOVHOe BHWMaHWe MeXaHH3MY P e a K U H H C W H T e W : H e

n z y v a n a c b ~ ~ B H C W M O C T ~ n c m e p e ' t H o r o ce'tetim OT s H e p r n n 6 0 ~ 6 a p n w p ~ K I I U n x

MOHOB, H e 6 w n A a H u oqeti.un B e n n r n H u n o n e p e ' t H o r o c e r l e H m peaearmy, H e

H C C J l e A O B a n H C b WCTOVHWKH -a- ~ B H A H W O M Y , BblRCHeHWe 3TWX B O n P O C O B

6 ~ 5 1 0 H a caM0t.i nene 3 a ~ p y n ~ n ~ e n b ~ o B s w c n e p n r e H T a x , B KOTOPWX a

~ H O B Y npntinmnn ~ p a n n u n o ~ ~ t d 4 AM ~ o r o B P ~ M ~ H H cncc06 X H L M Y ~ C K ~

n n e H T n + n r a u n n H o B o r o 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a - H e T M ~ K O K o P d r o e B P e m M 3 H H

C H H T ~ ~ H P Y ~ M ~ I X H y K n n n o B , HO n H a p y m e H n e x a p a r T e p a X H M H V ~ C K O M

n o B e n e H m npn nepexone a~ M e H n e n e B m K s n e M e H T y 102 n p e n R T c T B o B a n H

p e M e n n a c n e q n & w i e c K n x n p o 6 n e M . a m ~ n w m x B cmsn c H C n M b 3 O B a H H e M

H O B O r O H H C T P Y M e H T a C W H T e 3 a - TR3LenbIX HOHOB-

J J M u n c c n e A n n T e n b H o r o n H T e p B a n a s p e h i e ~ n , 3 a T p a ' t e H H o r o H a

n 3 y v e ~ u e OCHOBHHX y c n o ~ n t i pa60~u H a n y w a x TRl[eJlHX nmm, ynanmb

Y C T a H O E W T b , V T O pa6ura [a] H e C M e P M T A O Y a 3 a T e n b C T B O T K P W W

102-1-0 s n e ~ e ~ ~ a -

J J M ~ e p a ~ y p a

W P - R - F i e l d s e t a l . P h y s - R e v . . vo1.107, p.1460 (1957).

C 2 P . R . F i e l d s e t d l . F l r k i v Fys . vo1.15, p.225 (1959).

M 3 r. H-cPnepcm n np. LWI CCCP, T-120, c.73 (1958).

M4 r - H - C P n e p m H np- 131tP. T-38, c.82 (1960).

5 A - G h i o r s o e t . d l . P h y s . R e v . L e t t . , v o l . l , p . l 7 (1958).

E6 J . M a l y e t a l . S c i e n c e , vol.160, p.1114 (1968).

C ~ K Y H ~ H O ~ 254 o ~ . 3 T o r o H a n a ~ n x y w f i c f l .ne~~m-wmsenem no*reWnbl R A e P H Y n 3 M Y n b C U n . O A H ~ K O A C C T U r H Y T b E n a e W r O P e 3 Y n b T a T a H e

Y A a n C C b , T a K K a K . n o C n O B a M a B T O P o B C T a T b W , : : w E $ o c _ ~ ~ - E - _ C ~ H W _ - ~ _ ~ 250 24Suf 24bCf san_bmee-.cwcnoT~_woB ._ __Em, _ - _ _ - _ = _ _ ------ ~-u~~r~x-?:cl?_n~.ca.rene@:,

r b 3 a R B n e H U K J a B T O P o B O K O H ' i a T e n b H a R H A e H T H W K a U W f l a K T W B H C C T W ,

~ P U ~ U C ~ H H ~ 2 5 0 ~ m , 6 ~ a B H I l O J l H e H a B U T A e J l b H H X 3 K C n e P H W 2 H T a X .

A K T W B H O C T ~ , c 0 6 p a ~ ~ a s H a K U I ~ ~ ~ C ~ O P H W K ~ , P a c T m p m a c b H *pmn

OTAeILRIICf l O T A P Y r W X 3 n e M e H T O B B K T U H O B Q H O U C e P U H H a WOH-EHH&

KOJlCWKe- -0 n P O S e A e H 0 B C e r O n B a T a K H X 3 K C n e P W h c e H T a . B W H O M W 3

KOTOPblX 6W0 3 a P e r W C T P H P O E l H O A B a aT- 2 5 0 ~ m , E APYT'CU - R e B f l T b .

A B T o p t r 3aKnKJ ' iHJlW, ' i T O H e T cOMH~HWW B TOM, ' i T O OHM H n e H T W W 4 U H P O B a n H

3 n e W 2 H T 102 B 3 T U X 3 K C n e p U M e H T a X .

mnou nmxe B E e p ~ n u nposenn HOB= 3 w c n e p w u e H T t r . AT^ 102-m

3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a n p w T f l r w B a n n c b s n e w T p c c T a T H ' i e c w w u n o n e h i K ~enm~umoir u e ~ a n n u ' i e c ~ o R n e H T e , K O T O P ~ ~ n e p n o a n ' i e c K n n e p e H m n n a ~ T W a T O M b l K

c ' ~ ~ T H & n a 3 W U H W , H ~ X O A W E ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C R B H Y T P U W O H W ~ ~ U W O H H ~ K a W p t r C c f 2 T K d i .

OAWH n 3 ~BTOPOB p a 6 m b l I'MOPCO ( 12,311 ccc6wn, TO E TOM mme 6 ~ 1 a ~ a i 4 n e ~ a ~ - ~ K T W B H O C T ~ c 3 ~ e p r u e i l 8,3 M 3 B n nepnoaai nonypacnana OKl3J10 T P e X C e K Y H A - C BHXOAOM, CCCTaBJlRKMUUM 5 0 % O T 8.3 M3B

U - a K T U B H C C T H . H a 6 n K ) A a J l C C b C n O H T a H H O e A e n e H U e . T a K l D e X a p a K T e P H 3 U

B a B u l e e c s nepuoaou nonypacnana owonu T p e x c e K y H n .

Ha C C H O B a H U U 3 T H X A a H H H X . a T a K Z AaHHblX I11 6 M U 3 a R B n e H t r 2 5 4

C2,3J C n e n y K w e C S ~ C T B ~ n ~ u r o n a 102: nepnon nonypacnana - 3 c, 3 H e P r W l tRI'- ' iaCTHU -. 8 ,3 M3B, n p e n n m o r w T e n b H 0 B e T B b C n C M T a H H O P 3

A e n e H m - 3 0 % .

B 1961 ~ O A Y B npouecce p a 6 u r t r , uenbr, wmopd 9 s n R . n c f l C H H T ~ S

103-ro 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a . r p y n n a uccnenosa~enen n 3 P a n n a u c r o ~ ~ d i n a 6 0 ~ a ~ o p n n B

E&pwnw 1 4 1 nony'inna n a t i t c u e , H a o c H o s a H n n wmopw 6w C n e n a H B-

06 O T K P ~ ~ T W W apyroro u 3 m o n a 102-ro 3 n e u e t t ~ a - n p e n n o n a M T e n b H o

2 5 5 1 ~ 2 . B 3 T O M O n b l T e aTOMk-4 m A a ' i U , B b l 6 H T t r e H 3 M H W H W ,

~ O M ~ ~ P A W P ~ ~ M ~ n Y ' i K O M T f l X e n b l X UOHOB, C H O B a T O P M 0 3 W n H C b B TFJlWU U

cosnpanwcb H a ~ e ~ a n n w ' i e c ~ o R w o t c a e i i e p ~ d n e ~ ~ e - l l e ~ ~ a nepaiocnna a T o u b l

n C C n e A 0 B a T e n b H O K FIRTH n o E e p X H C C T H U 6 a P b e P H M M K p e M H W e B H M n e T e K T O P a M .

K W o p b l e P e r H C T P W P O B J ~ U C n e K T P 3 H e P r W U a - ' i a C T U U U n a 3 B C U U l ~ U H a 6 n l o a a T b

KPWEYK) P a C n a L l a 0 - a K T U B H C C T U .

i k n w c-tue~u [ 4 1 c n e ~ y ~ w e C & C T B ~ wmona 2551~2: n e p w a

nonypacnaaa - 15 c e w y H n , 3~ep1-us o - ' i a c ~ u u - 8.2 M3B- T a ~ d B ~ ( B ~ L I 6w

C A e n a H aBT0PaW 141 H a C C H O B a H W H H e 0 6 ~ a f i H 0 O F P a H W ' i e H H b l X n 0 &-MY W

P a 3 P m H e H H W LlaHHblX, n P W B e L l e H H H X B C T a T b e - ~ T W B H C C T ~ a - H 3 n Y ' i e H C I R C

nepnonou nonypacnana I 5 c w s ~ e p r u e n 8.2 M3B ~a6nmnanacb npn 11

6 0 ~ 6 a p n U p o B K e n o H a w ' O B w B (3~eprm H e y ~ a 3 a ~ a ) MWWHW.

c o c ~ m s l u e i r n 3 c-n u m m m K a n n m H m ( 3 - 3 % 2 4 9 ~ f . 3 2 . 8 % - 2 5 0 ~ f . 1 2 . 3 % 2 5 1 ~ f , 5 0 , 8 % 2 5 2 ~ f ) . B H X a 3 T & a K T W B H C C T W Bm- B 20 pa3 n P H

6 o ~ a p n n p o s w e ~ o i r re m l l g H n nmam "C ( 3 H e P r C I R H e Y K a 3 a H a ) - c a p y r d CTOLICHH, U - ' ~ ~ C T W U Y c 3~eprnefi 8 .2 M3B H e 6 w n c 6 H a p y ~ e ~ H npn

pacnaae n-yKToB peawunw 2 4 3 ~ m + 12c ( B H O B ~ H e Y K a z i a H a 3~eprm

6 0 ~ 6 a p n w p y l o l l l t t x n m o ~ ) . ABTOPU p a 6 O T Y 3 a ~ n m n n n , VTO ~ 3 0 ~ o n 255i02

m p a z y e ~ c f l B p e a ~ q c i ~ x ( "'"B, pxn) w ( 1 2 ~ . o x n ) , nparera-x ~a HeCKOSLbKWX W 3 O T D n a X K a n W Q O P H H R , B X O n W B l W X B C C C T a B M W E H H -

flep~ble 3 K C n e P U M e H T t r n o C H H T e 3 Y T P a H C Y P a H O B h l X 3 n e M e H T O B H a n Y ' i K e

T f l X e n H X WOHOB 6 W W H a ' i a T Y B ~ ~ ~ C T L I T Y T ~ ~ T O M H & 3 H e P r H H B MCX>KBe B

1956 r O n y . M O H Q ~ H ~ P ~ ~ T W ' ~ H W H W H T e H C H B H E , n o T e M B P M e H a M . n Y ' i K U

HOHOB yrnepona, aoara, w n c n o m a 6ww n o n y ' i e H t r H a 150 CM unwncmpe. H a KOTOPOM n o n p e n n o x e H n o M. B. K y p ' i a T o s a 6M Y C T a H m e H n n a : w e ~ ~ t d i HOHH& HCTO'iHWK, p a 3 p a 6 U T a H H & AILR ~ ~ ~ K T F O M Z I ~ H H T H & C e l l a P a U H H

H 3 O T O l l O B . ~ ~ ~ T ~ H c w B H C C T ~ n y ' i K a WOHOB 1 6 ~ + 4 C 3 H e p r n e f i 1C)O M3B

A m T n r a n a 1 - 2 MKA. b n e ~ o r o , waw 6ww c n ~ ~ e a n p o ~ a ~ u H a ny'iwe

T 9 E n H X WOHOB H 3 O T O l l t r K a n H # O p H W l , 3 f i H w T e f i H ~ 1 ~ W QePMWR W 6 M H H 3 Y ' i e H H

3 a K O H O M e P H C C T H C m B e T C T B Y m X R n e P H W ~ e a ~ ~ ~ f i . 6 W W H e n C C p e L l C T B e H H O

H a ' i a T t r s w c n e p w w e H T t r n o c n ~ ~ e a y 102-ro 3 n e m e ~ ~ a - B MOCKOBCKUX onmax L5.63 u u m e ~ w na 241pu n 2 3 9 ~ u dny'ianncb

16 n o H a m wncnopona 0- %pa mna'in. BMWTE n 3 TOHK& uumem. T O P ~ W n W C b B a m O M W H H e a O M C 6 0 P H W K e , K O T 0 p t d i 3a 1.5-2 C e K Y H n H

n e p e t e m n c f l H a p a c c T m H w e 2 MeTpa ar u u n e ~ n , me pacnonaranacb f l n e p H a m w ~ y n b c w , c n y x n ~ m a ~ n e T e w T o p o M 0- 'iac~nu. f h ~ mna'in n p O H n K a n u ~ r n y 6 b C 6 O p H W K a H a 1-1.5 MKM. '(TO n p n B a n n o K n u r e p e TOL(HCCTW npw o n p e n e n e H n n 3 ~ e p r n n - ' i a c T n u - Ha K a ' i e c T B e C n e K T p o B

npc6era a- ' i a c T n q , onpenemem c n o u o m m m m M y n b c n n , O T P H U a T e n b H O

B n m n u H a r p e B n B r n n e f l c T ~ w e 0. P n r-pannaunn co c ~ o p o c l t r c 6 0 P H H K a -

C ~ H O B H W T P Y n H ( 3 C T b . KmOpE15l 6wa B n e p B E B b l R B J l e H a H C C a 3 H a H a B

nmecce MOCKOBCK& p a 6 O T t r . 6wa C B R 3 a H a C l?€ClHHKHOBeHWeM

0 - P a A H O a K T W B H O r O QOHa H a H H ' i T m H X I lpWMeCflX C B H H W , B H C W T a . T a n n C i R

B M T e p n a n a x m m e ~ n n C 6 0 p H y K a . C k 0 6 e H ~ o O n a c e H 6 m ceaneu , T a K war

npn ~ 3 a n m n e i 4 c T ~ n n em R n e p c naiami o l n c n m B peaKuaax nepemvn c

n o X l e p e ' i H H M C e ' t e H n e M , 6 n n 3 K W M K m H C M Y 6 a P H y . d p a 3 y e T ~ f l 6 M b m O e

'incno H ~ M O B PO. A t . Rn n T . A - . 3~eprm 0-pacna~la K m o p m 6 n m K a K

3 ~ e p r n u a - n n ~ n B C H H T ~ ~ H P Y ~ Y ~ I X n 3 0 ~ 0 n m 102-1-0 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a - E k n p c c a w y c T p a H e H m w y'ieTa -a B uocwo~crnx 3 K c n e p H U e ~ ~ a x

6 w O y n C 3 I e H O w e H b 6 O J l b m O e B H H l a H H e - C 3~021 U e J l b D 6~ P a 3 - 6 O T a H

E H C O K O ' ~ Y E C T E H T ~ ~ ~ H H MeTUA EIKTnBaUH(3HHOrO a H a n H 3 a M a T e P H a n O B MHWHH

n c 6 O P H H K a H a Pb, 6 W U p a 3 P a 6 m a H H W e T O n H OYHCTKH 3 T n x M a T e p n a n o s or noCTCIPOHHHX n p ~ ~ e c e f i -

C k ~ ~ e a 102-1-0 3 n e u e ~ ~ a n P a B O n u n c R B 1558 m a y c n c n o n b 3 u ~ a ~ n e ~

n B y x m m e ~ e f i ~ a n w ~ d l 180 H 100 wr/cu2 2 4 1 ~ . c nepsoir W l o e H b K r bwa

n m e n a H a cepm 40 T p e x v a c o s t a c 6 n y v e ~ n f i , E n w e c c e r m o m 6wo

3 a p e r H C T P H p O B a H O 90 a-VaCTHU C 3 H e p r n e f i E , 2 - 9 , U M3B. Lc C T a T b R X

(5.61 I l P U B o a R T C R P e 3 Y n b T a T b l O n H T O B , K G T O P W n o K a 3 a n n . V T O npnuecn Pb

( a T a K E w H e e c y w c T s e H H b l e npnuecn Hg, T 1 u B i ) m r n n c 6 y c n o s n T b H e

6anee 4 0 % rncna t1a6nana~wxcn - - r a c ~ n u c s t i e p r n e f i 8 .2 -Y,O M ~ B .

B ~ o p a a MWoleHb 6Ma n a r m o s n e ~ a n c c n e n o n o n t i n T e n b ~ o i r o v u c T r n

n n y T 0 H m - B p e a y n b ~ a ~ e 10 T p e x r a c o s m o 6 n y r e ~ n f i B TOM ze pexnue

p a 6 0 T H Pe rHCTPHPYIOUl t3 rO Y c T P O ~ I C T E ~ 6 W O 3 a p e 1 - l l C T p H P O B a H 0 20 c*-VaCTnU

s r p y n n e c s ~ e p r u e f i 8 , 2 - 9 , O M s B . AKTHB~UIIOHH& a ~ a n n a n o ~ a 3 a n . TO

H 3 HUX T O n b K O Y e T b l p e M o M O O T H e C T H 3a C Y e T n p H M e C n C B U H u a .

Y ~ a ~ a ~ ~ a s i r p y n n a a - r a c T n u H e 6wa 6 1 i a p y x e ~ a npn aaue~e m w H n 239

H a w : B n n n T e n b H m a n y v e H m x nmam 160 B A H a n a a o H e 8 .2-5 , O M ~ B

6wa 3 a P e r n c T p u p o s a H a ~ a n b r o o n t i a -- r a c T n u a .

B pa6max L5,61 6 ~ n n p n s e n e H t i a p r y u e H T u , n o w a a ~ ~ a r ) w e . rro a - n 3 n y r a ~ e n b c 3 ~ e ~ r n e f i - - r a c ~ n u 8.2-9.0 M 3 B H e M o r n p u H a n n e m T b

KaKOMY-nM60 H3OTOflY M e H A e n e B w R , QePMwR U n U A P Y r H M T W H C Y P a H O B m

3 n e u e ~ ~ a ~ . atn c n e n a t i ~ u a o n , r T o B n p o s e n e H H t D c 3 r c n e p u M e H T a x

a ~ a p y z e H ~ * - P ~ A H O E I K T U B H ~ ~ ~ n m o n 102-m 3 n e w H T a - 2 5 3 1 ~ 2 ( n o n y c w a n a c b

TaKXI2 BO3MOXHoCTb 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 ) C 3 ~ e p r U e f i a- ' iaCTHU 8.9'0.4 M 3 B . F w n A a H H

r p a t i n u b l nepnona n a n y p a c n a n a 3~0r0 u rnma : ~ C < T ~ / ~ < ~ O C .

C n y c K O M T p e x M e T P a B O m u n K n m p o c l a T R E n t a HOHOB B m6~e Y - 3 0 0 I lOHBHnUCb HOB= B 0 3 m o C T H UJW C H H T e 3 a 102-r0 3 n e M e H T a .

13 -1 B b l c o K a s i H H T e H C U B H o C T b (10 C U 6anee) n Y Y K o 9 HOHOB. T a K H X KaK

H a , llO3BOLEl.na 3 H a ' i H T e n b H O Y B e n H Y H T b B h O ( a H O B O m 3 n e M e ~ ~ a .

k n O J l b 3 ~ R B K a ' i e C T B e MHlueHefi p a 3 J l U ' t H b l e U 3 a r r x l b l Y W H a , a B K a Y e C T B e 20

~ O M ~ ~ P U H P Y K X U ~ X N e H "Ne, -0 6wo. B n p n H q n n e , n o n y r u r b

u m m H 102-1-0 3 n e ~ e H ~ a c ~ C C O B W vucnaun 249-256.

L k c n e n o B a T e n b c ~ a s r p y n n a B m6~e H a v a n a p a 6 G T Y c CUHT- 256 u m m a 102 n o ~ e c r a n b r u ~ n p n v u H a u - Wsmwec~ B TO BPMW WHHW

n O 3 B O J W n U I l P e U n O n O M T b . ' iTO B t a a 6Wee TRSf31hot U m O I l o 9 B P e a K U w R X

( H I . x n ) 60nblW n o C P a B H e H H a C ne r rum H m o n a M H . ABTOPH p a 6 G T b l 171

c 6 P a n l a n H B H H L B H H e H a H H T e P e C H C C n e U m H w R CnOHTaHHOIY3 nE2JleHHR 3 T O m

H 3 G T o n a - M, H a K O H e u , A N I A Y ~ H ~ H C K ~ r P Y n n b l CYUECTBeHHbM 6 W O T O , ' I T 0

n 3 u e p e ~ n e nonepeworo c e r e H n n pea runn cntirem 3~0m n m u i a n

n u n y v e t i n e A a H H m o C E ~ C T E ~ X ero pacnana cnyxnnn rnop~baar T m w a m B 2 6 0

3 ~ c n e p n ~ e ~ ~ a x n o c n ~ ~ e 3 y n m m a 104-1-0 3 n e u e ~ ~ a 104, w m o p b l e E

TO BWLIR r a K pa3 n p o m n n n n c b s n y 6 H e .

C H H T ~ ~ n3mona 2 5 6 ~ ~ 2 npoaonnnn s peawunn 2 3 8 ~ ( 2 2 ~ e , 4 n , 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 .

P e r n c r p a u u l o 14 n n e H T n W r a u n u 3~01-o n m o n a ( I 3 Y w c T m n n n o ero

AOW2PHeMY npOAYKTY O T A a Y H - H 3 0 T O n Y 2 5 2 ~ m . 30 n a 3 B C J l H n O C H R T b

n p e n e u y -Ha < . - n a n y r e ~ n e GT n p n u e c e A c s n H u a B m u t e H n . C ~ C T B ~

n o r e p H e m ~ n p a - ~ ~ ~ ~ r n . 6 W H XOPOUlO U 3 B e C T H b l ( T l I 2 = 2 5 , 4 cl. Ea:7 .04 M 3 B ) .

H y r n n n M o r 6 u ~ b H a n e m o sweneti c norrombo c e n e w ~ u ~ ~ d X U ~ H n 3 a p e r n c ~ p n p o ~ a ~ H O H H ~ ~ ~ H O H H O U ~a~epOil c C ~ T K ~ . h u e p a n w n a

p a z p e u e t i n e IIU 3 ~ e p r n n 50 ~ 3 8 ( u t n p u ~ a < I - n n ~ n f i H a n o n y s b l c m e ) . AIM C X ~ P ~ ~ U O E , n u n y r e H H t u nccne x n u n r e c K o m B b u l e n e H n e W a K unn Q e p w H a

n O H m 6 M e H H d l KUl lO t iKe , P a a I J e W H k l e C C C T a B N I n O 60 K ~ B , '4TO

o n p e n e n e n m b ~ ~ l n w n ~ o f i cnm. C u c r e M a p e r n c T p a u n n c6ecnernsana H a n e m y K ) pa6m Y E T e r e H n e ~ e c r a n b ~ ux n ~ e a H e n p e p b l B H m n a ~ e p e ~ n f i , npn

TOM y w f p e t i n e J I H H H ~ tie n p e s t r l u a n o 25 ~ 3 8 - c o c T a B n R n mano 0,3

n u n / M s B / r s otjnacrn E-=a-8 M 3 b .

A s ~ o p b l 1 7 1 n p n u L n n K BHBO~Y, YTO n p n M e H e H n e s n e K T p n r e c w o m norrsl

nNI C 6 0 W n e p B U ' r H t u n p O n y K T O B R n e P H b l X P ~ ~ K L I H ~ ~ H a n s n x y w f i c n C 6 0 P H n K .

R s m e T c R H e u e n e c m p a a t i b l u . n o c r a n b r y n n m H c c T b nmnaaunn raaa n a n e f i c ~ s n e u n y r r a T R x e n t u n m o B orem B e n n K a n TO M o r n 0 C Y ~ C T B ~ H H O

H C K ~ ~ H T ~ c c 6 n p a n ) u l e e 3 n e K T p n r e c r c e none . B pa6me 181 y n o u n t i a n o c b o

H e n o t m T H t i x R r j J l e H n R x npn T a r o m pona c c 6 n p a H n n . rorna mar npnrna-

nmae~or'o 3 n e ~ ~ p n r e c r o r o Iian p ~ x e ~ m n o w n H e CK a 3 b m n c ~ H a

3W€2KTHBHCCTH C c 6 H P a H H R -

TO TO MY B Y C T a H O B K e , c m n a ~ ~ d l B n y 6 H e . A n R 3Q..teKTnBHOm

C c 6 H W H W i n e P B H ' i H t u nPOAYKTOB R n e P H H X p e a ~ t l ~ f i , O C T a H O B H B W X C R B

raae, n c n a n b a o ~ a n a c b A H M Y S H R -

Y C T @ C T ~ A m c 6 n y r e H m y p a ~ o - u n L u e H n n o H a u n 2 2 ~ e n H a r m -

n e H m 2 5 2 ~ m 6W0 CMOHTHPOBaHO B H a n M H e H H O M r a 3 0 M ( a P r O H 500 TOP)

c 6 b e M e . K O T O ~ ~ n O M e m n c R BHYTPH K a u e p b l q n K n m p a Y - 3 0 0 H a p a n n y c e .

OTBeVaBIUeM B b l 6 ~ a H H d l 3 H e P r H H I lYVKa HOHOB. & H o d 3 T 0 r 0 Y C T ~ C T ~

( CM. pHC. 1 j R B N I n C R B p a l U E l u ~ ~ u l f i ~ R M ~ c c H B H ~ ~ WAH& AHCK A n a M e T p o M 100

MM, oxnamaewd ~ o ~ d l . H a nepuaepnn A n c K a n u e n o c b K a n b u e B o e

y r n y 6 n e ~ n e n p R M o y r O n b H o r o ceretim p a a u e ~ ~ u 2 0 x 1 0 MU. R13e

H e n o n s n m b l e uexat inrecrne npo6wn n a TcXuIOHa m c e l a n n r a c T b o6bem ~ T O ~ O y r n y 6 n e ~ m c n ~ y x c r o p . C ~ p e ~ b e f i CTOPOH~ p a 3 ~ 1 ~ a n a c b

ypaH- m l u e t i b ( I .o-1. 5 MT/ C M ~ m u c n ypat ia H a a n m ~ n e d 40nbr - e ) .

KOTOP~SI, T a r n u 06pa30~. ~ a w a n a ~ T Y r a c T b ~ r n ~ 6 n e ~ m - ~ P Q I I Y K T ~ ~

PHC. 1. CxeMa YCT~OC~CTB~ nnsl

C W H T ~ ~ ~ n m o n a 256102 n HaronneHm

em noyepHem npoaywTa 2 5 2 ~ m :

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y r n y 6 n e ~ n e ~ H a n e p n e p n n ,

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2 VWBalOUIHe 0 6 k . e ~ n m C C ~ H W H W R n p o n y ~ -

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5 - 3 n e r ~ p n ~ e c ~ n e n m r n . P ~ C Y H O K B3RT W 3 Pa60Tbl [7) .

p e a ~ u n n sb16n~anncb n 3 wueHn B aTar ~ ~ M K H Y T I & 0 6 k . e ~ . T o p m n n n c b s r a 3 8 , AW#-YHAWPOBanW K CTeHYaM, OFPaHWVHBaBUMM 06'beM, CI aACOP6H-

WEanHCb H a H H X - ATOW, COP6WPOBaHHM H a nOBePXHOCTW KMbUeBOrO

y r n y 6 n e ~ m ~ npn BpaueHnn nncra nePeHmnnncb n 3 ~ ~ M K H Y T O ~ O 0 6 k . e ~ -

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<*-pacnane nepsnwim ~ P O ~ Y K T O B RnePHm peawunil. m o p ~ n r a r m B a r n a y u

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MeCTO B CTaTbe-

f lCC~os lb~ Y n o ~OVePHHM IlPOAYKTaM, 3aPerHCTPHPOBaHHbaA H a

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nrnnyKTaMn cx-pacnana nepsnvHtrx aTomB, ECI~HHKUUIX B 3me 06nyyeHusi.

Hdn6onb~~ly~l OnacI-ImTb, Kar urmzrnnn amopbl ~ a 6 m b l , n p e n c T a m n a

IrCnMOIHOCTb tieIlOCPenCTBeHHOrO ilPOHWKHOBeHWR H a .C6OPHWK IlepBWVHLdX

~ P ~ ~ Y K T O B Rneptitix peawqni4. 3 ~ o 6wo C B R ~ ~ H O c TeM, VTO PeaKunn Tnna

( W 1 , ~ x n ) B 06nacTn e p r u r f l , 1 0 2 - r o 3neteHTa nwm n o n e p e w b e ceYeHusi B

tik?CKoslbKO Pa3 6OnbW, V e M PeaKUHW TWna (H1 ,xn) - B VaCTHmTH, aBTOPhl

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onpeneneHm n o s l ~ d a w r T n a H m T n perucTpaunn c n ~ ~ e s n p y e ~

HyKnnnos n npoBepKn ~ceW M ~ T O ~ H K H aBTopu n 3 ~ e p n n n (CM. pnc.2)

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MeTOAaMM: n o BHXOAY 2 5 0 ~ ~ HenEPe~CTBeHHO B llePBnVHblX Il-YKTaX W n o Bmony 2 4 6 ~ f - novepHero nponyKTa a-pacnana 2 5 0 ~ m , W3MePeHHOMY npn

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n e p a d l H 3 HHX C ~WYIWPWHQZ) 8 M3B n rcawcnuyrcow B p a f i o ~ e 112 MaB

n m T B e P r L l a n TOT -KT. YTO 3 n x b MH nuenn neno c p e a ~ u n e f i

1 2 3 8 ~ ( 2 2 ~ e . 4 n ) 2 5 6 1 0 2 . 4 . M c n e a o B a H a ~rnrrcwm~b c o 6 n p a H m n o q e p H n x nnep mna'in nccne

P-pacnana n a n e ~ ~ p m ~ o m 3 a x ~ a ~ a . k u a s a ~ o . YTO 3 ~ n BHAH pacnana H e

m n n C 6 Y C n O B H T b nOnaAaHk%l 2 5 2 ~ m H a C60PHWK AOqePHWX f l n e P GTABYW- 252 5. P a C n p e A e n e H H e R A e P Fm H a C 6 O P H H K e AOClePHHX f l A e P OTAa' iH

I C m B e T c T B o B a n o --pacnany n m a r a 2561~2 c nepnonm nonypacnana,

6 n n 3 ~ ~ ~ K 8 C .

P e 3 y n b ~ a ~ H n W B e A e H H H X OllblTOB I lOATBePAWnH BHS3On. Y T O B P e a K U H H

2 3 8 ~ + 2 2 N e 6W CHHTe3npOl?dH " - ~ K T W B H & H 3 m O n 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 .

I h n e y c n e m o r o a a s e p l o e ~ m P~BOTH n o C H H T ~ ~ Y 256102

I e C T e C T B e H H b I M 6 ~ 0 Z e n a H H e n O n m O B a ~ b IlOnY'iWTb H 3 O T O n 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 , 06

' 1 O T K P ~ W H K m o P o r o c w 6 m n m b B 1958 MAY B ~ 6 m e r p y n n u n 3 Eiep~nn [ I ] . Erse B 1959 r O n Y B ~ C T H T Y T ~ ~ T O M H ~ 3 H e P r H H B M c c ~ ~ e [91

I n H T a n W C b 3 a P e r W C T P W P O B a T b C n O H T a H H O e A e n e H H e 3 T 0 r 0 H 3 O T O n a . n M Y Y a f l

'1 , er0 B P ~ ~ K U H M 2 4 2 ~ U ( "0. 4 n ) 2 5 4 102. O A H ~ K O C O 6 H T m C l l O H T a H H O r O

I1 A e n e H w R H e 6-hi C 6 H a P Y f e H l 4 , Y T O n p U T H W p e ' i n n 0 AaHHbaA ~ ' H o ~ c o 12.31, 6 Y A T O B 3 0 % C n Y ' i a e B 3 T O T H 3 0 T O n WCl lHTUBaeT C n O H T a H H O e A e n e H H e -

I AEXOPH P a 6 0 T H C91 cnenann B~JBOA. TO, eCnn n n ~ 3~0ro n3mma e ~ ~ b

3 0 % B e T B b C n O H T a H H O r O A e n e H U H , T O C e ' I e H M e er0 0 6 P a 3 0 B a H U H B

Y K ~ ~ ~ H H & PeaKLlbIn 3 H a ' i n T e n b H O MeHbloe . YeM him0 ~ W C I O X k i n a T b H a

O L H O B e BCQX HMeBlWXCR A a H H U . I

B m m a n y n n s n e H n e T a K x e T m %KT, wo n3mm 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 ( T =B C)

1 / 2 2 5 4 102 n u e e T nepnon n a n y p a c n a n a 6 a n b m f i . . r eM cccbmnccb C1-31 nm 3 c) . 6kUl0 H 3 B e C T H O . q T O W 3 - 3 a B ~ W l H ~ H ~ ~ T P O H H O ~ ~ n W O 6 M O Y K H

N - 152 n e p n o n b l n c u l y p a c n a n a w3mono~ c N = 152 6 o n b w , 'ieu Y

~ B ~ O ~ O B c N = 1 5 4 : T o r n a y r e mann, YTO nepnon n a n y p a c n a n a 2 5 0 ~ f

r IPHMepHO B 5 pa3 6Wbme. 'ieu y 2 5 2 ~ f , a B c n y q a e n w m m e p u m -

2 5 2 ~ m n 2 5 4 ~ m - 3 T o ~ a 3 n n v w e n c c T u r a n o Q ~ K T O W 8. - T ~ Y

WOHOB. 6 u n H3TDTOBJ leHH S i - f i U n a B e p x H O C T ~ ( T 6 a P b e P H H k 2 L leTeKTOPH.

KB ' i eCTEO KOTOPbM y n O B J l e T E O P R n 0 T P e 6 0 B a H W R M 3 K C n e P H M e H T O B n o C H H T e 3 Y

T P a H C W P L M e B h l X 3 n e l g H T C l B . 6 W H C U 3 n a H H nBe HOB= YCTaHDBKH TaKHX

3KCl l ePWMeHTOB [10,11]. 6 KOTOPhlX 6wa I lpk IMeHeHa T e X H H K a r'a& CTPYH. BBeneHHEIH B R ~ ~ P H ( T ~ ~ w Y € C K W ~ 3 K C i l e p H W e H T M a l M P J I a H o M H

r p n m ~ o u C121. =PBW 3 K C n e p H W e H T H n o C H H T e 3 Y 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 ~ W H I l p Q B e n e H h l B D 6 ~ e B

1965 m n y H a T& xe y c T a H w K e . H a ~ m o m c w ~ ~ e 3 w p a ~ a n n 256102

( CM. PHC. 1) . C~a'Iana n c c n e & ~ - n u p e a r u n l o 2 3 8 ~ ( 2 2 ~ e . 6 n ? 5 4 1 ~ 2 [ 131 H

no~a3anu , TO H ~ O T O ~ 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 ncntrrmam a-pacnan. O n ~ a w o n o n y q e m m

n a m e yraamann , YTO n e p n w n o n y p a c n a n a 3~0m n m m a 6 M b D e 3 C. H

3 T O llpOTW&OPeYHnO RaHHHM m-0 H U P - C1-33 - 3 a ~ e ~ 6wa H a y q e H a peawum 2 4 3 ~ m ( 1 5 ~ . 4 n ) 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 . B C T a T b e .

a n w c m a l o ~ e k 3 T y P i 3 6 O T y 1 1 4 1 , I l pWBeAeHH OEIH(X3Ha ' lHe L I O T a 3 a T W C T B a

T O r O . ' I T 0 a B T O P b l ~ ~ R c T B H T ~ J ~ ~ H o C H H T e 3 H m n H H 3 0 T U l 254102 H

n n e H T n a n u u p w a n n ero n o a-pacnany em n o c l e p H e r o n - y w ~ a 250Fm:

l l a P 0 6 H O O n H C a H H p e 3 Y n b T a T Y C e J l e K T H B H O M XHMHYBCKOTO B W e n e H m

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P a C n a n a 2 5 0 ~ m H *YHKUHR B - Y a e H m P e a K U H H 243fim(15 ~ , 4 1 1 ) ~ ~ ~ 1 0 2 .

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H ~ W P ~ H W R nepwona n o n y p a c n a n a 254102. K ~ O ~ A a a 3 a n c n P ~ B H ~ W

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238 "Ne, 6 n ) 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 ki O n H C a n n I l W Y ' I e H H b l e p e 3 y n b T a T b l . B H O B ~ W a K U H l o U (

6w n o n y q e H nepnon n o n y p a c n - 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 : T ~ / ~ = ( S O + - I O ) C .

~ ~ B T O P ~ M H 6W B M M H e H uenbdl psln K O H T P M b H b M U l H T O B -

B ' IBCTHOCTW, 6W0 YCTaH-eHO. Y T O I l m a n a H H e 2 5 0 ~ m H 3 IlePBHYHhlX

n m Y K T O B R n e P H H X pea~uuR H a C 6 0 P H U K nO ' i ePHHX I I P O L I Y K T m a - W C n a m H e

n p e B b r m a n o l a m vncna a T o - 250Fm. 3 a p e r w c T p n p a e a H H m H a ~ 6 0 p H H K e

U o q e p H n x n p O n y K T o B a-pacnana. Ha 0 2 H o B a H n H B C ~ R CYMUbl UPHBeneHHblX RaHHHX a B T O P b l C T a T b H I lk]

3awnmwnn. v T o B peawumx 2 4 3 ~ m ( 1 5 ~ , 4 n ) n 2 3 8 u ( 2 2 ~ e . a n ) c u H T e 3 n p a B a ~

2 5 4 ~ ~ 2 n '(To 3 T m n-On H c n t r r b I B a e T a-pacnan c n e p n w o M n o n y p a c n a n a

~ ~ / ~ = ( 5 0 ~ 1 0 ) ~ .

O ~ n m n e 3~m 3 ~ a v e ~ m TlI2 m mmw I'UOPCO H m- C1-31 6 ~ 0

OqWb l3eJlHKO. B CBS13W C 3TWM B C e P H H pa6m. B r m W H W H L o c B m6~e B

1965-1966 FF. 6 h U M I l p O B e n e H b l A O n W H H T e m H b l e H C C n e L l m C B ~ C T B

254102.

= p ~ a s r pa6ma m 3 ~ & cepnn I151 6 ~ a nmmmem H ~ Y ~ W H H D

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peawunR (PHCYHOK B ~ R T n3 W ~ O T ~ I CIS] ).

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u n K n Y H ~ E P ~ H ~ ( P ~ C Y H O E B%RT n 3 pa60l'bl C151)-

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-0 6mo m H e c T n K pacnany 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 , R - n a c b r pynna c 3 ~ e p r n e R E , = 8 , 1 0 + 0 , 0 5 M3B. Ilonepe~~oe c e q e H n e peawqnu o6pa3013a~m 3 T O T O

a - n z n y ~ a ~ e n ~ , p a c n a n a w m e r o c s l c n e p n a o r c nonypacnana T 1 / 2 - ( 3 0 - 4 0 ) c -31 2

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n O n T B e P ~ e H U 9 T o m , YTO M W L l e f l ~ ~ B n ~ e n b ~ O HlcenH A 6 3 0 C

n 3 O T a o M 2 5 4 ~ ~ 2 . ~ B T O P H n-enn c n e q w a n b ~ b l e onm~, B KOTOP~D(

B m e n n n n n H a n e m o = p e r n c T p n p o s a n n c n r H a n u a-pacnana n O q e P H H X R a e P ,

o 6 p a 3 y ~ m i x c ~ nmne u-pacnana n e p s n Y n w n p o n y r T o w p e a r u n f i - Cxem

3 T O F O U l t J T a B H n H a H a ~ H c . 4 . % C T b n w e P H M X I l P X I Y K T O B a - P a C n a W

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AeTeKTOPaMW n m e w n n s w p a H u , n c w n l o ' t a s m e n m a n a H n e B n e T e K T o p H

( x - q a c ~ n q OT pacnana nepsnwm f l n e p H a C 6 0 p H n K a X . B W T a n b H o M ycnmm p a 6 0 T b l B C E ~ yCTaHOBKk3 O C T a B a n H C b H e H 3 M e H H b a M - ~ ~ M ~ P ~ H H E B 3TOLA

pemw a - c n e ~ ~ p b l naBann WHWPIMUWKI o n w e p H n x n p o n y K T a x a-pacnana

6 Q n b l E 3 C -

man 2 5 0 ~ m B A o Y e p H n x I l p O A y K T a x a-pacnana c O a r m c T m n

BbD(OnY ~ ~ ~ P B w Y H ~ nHHWH a-aKTHBHOCTW C 3 ~ e p F b l e f i 8, lo'0.05 M3B- B

K m T p m b H w x a m a x , worna 2 4 3 ~ m 6 0 M 6 a p A H P O B a n H nmaw 1 4 N a

n H T e p B a n e s H e p r n n 80-90 M3B. B W ~ n 3 n y r t a T e m 8, loZ0,05 M 3 B W 3 K O

YMeHbDMnCR, f l p H 3TOM a - a K T H B H O C T b 7 . 4 5 M3B B C f l e K T P e a - P a C n a L l a

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C y m p y ~ C B M W H H M 2 , a B T O P Y m 6 0 T b l CIS] 3 a K n W H n H . Y T O OHH

c n H ~ e 3 n - n n B p e a K q n n 2 4 3 A m ( 1 5 ~ , 4 n ) 2 5 4 102 a - p a ~ n o a r ~ u ~ ~ b d n 3 0 ~ 0 n

254102 H O n p e n e n n n n em nepnw nmypacnana T1/2=20-50 c H 3 ~ e P r u n

- q a c T n q E ~ = B . l o + o , o s M ~ B .

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r p y n n a w , P a 6 0 T a B U B i h U I H a a H a n o r n ' t H b o c Y c T a H o B K a x c ram~&l c r p y e f i

[10.11].

I l e p ~ a n 3 ~ T W X r p y n n n p w e m n a R n e p H y l o p e a K u n l o

2 3 8 ~ ( 2 2 ~ e , 5 n ) 2 5 5 1 ~ 2 . h y ' t e H H M 2 p e 3 Y n b T a T t J 6Ww OflY6JlkiKOEaHkd E

n p e n P H H T e [161. K G T O P ~ 3 a T e M 6W H a n e ' t a T a H B B W A e X Y P H ~ J I ~ H O ~ ~ C T a T b H

[171- k W 3 p e H H R a - C n e K T p O B B n H a n a 3 0 H e 3 H e P r M H 6 0 ~ 6 a ~ n n ~ y m ~ n x WOHOE

2 2 ~ e , 117 A 0 137 M3B n a 3 B o . J I w n H a B T O P a M Y e T K O B W e n W T b c n e n y m e

a - n n ~ u w c 3 H e p r M e f i 6onee 7 . 9 M3B: 8,08 M 3 B ( T 1 / 2 = 1 8 0 c ) , 8 , 2 3 M 3 B

( T l I 2 > 5 W H ) , 8.35 M 3 B ( c n a m a r p y n n a c T1/2=30 c M '. 5 M H ) ,

115 120 125 130 135 140

Eiab (MeV )

Pwc.6. 3 ~ e p r e ~ w ' t e c K a R 3 a B U C U M o c T b BHXOA~B a - w z n y ~ a ~ e n e d c 3 ~ e p r n e R 8 ,08; 8 . 2 3 ; 8.35 n 11,65 M 3 B B p e a ~ u n w 2 3 8 ~ + 2 2 ~ e - B C K 0 6 K a X

Y K a 3 a H O IlQIlHOe Y U C n O 3 a P e r U C T p U p a B a H H h o c a - ' t a C T U U (PWCYHOK

B 3 R T W 3 P a 6 0 T k d C16.171).

s , 4 1 t 0 , 0 3 M 3 B tT l /2=6 t2 c ) . 8,137 M 3 B (TlI2=25 c) . 11.65 M 3 B ( T l I 2 = 4 5

c ) . &w M ~ ~ H T W ~ U K ~ ~ W W a - n 3 n y v a ~ e n e d w 3 y ~ a n a c b ~ ~ B W C H M O C T ~ HX B m a a

OT 3 ~ e p r ~ u 6 0 ~ 6 a p n U p Y Y ) ( U I 1 X WOHOB ( CM. PWC- 6 ) .

~ H M R ~ ~ ' 8 , 4 1 ' 0 , 0 3 M 3 B ~a6nnnanacb ~ o n b ~ o npw skieprnn 2 2 ~ e 116

M 3 B . C C C I T E ~ T C T E ~ ~ O U ~ ~ ~ ~ MaKCUMYMY p e a K U H U 2 3 8 ~ ( 2 2 ~ e , 4 n ) 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 ; 3 H a Y e H w e

nepnona n o s l y p a c n a n a , ~ , / ~ - 6 + 2 c, 6 W O B cornacww c p e 3 Y n b T a T O M pa6W

T M C 7 I . M a ~ c n M a n b ~ ~ e ce'tetine p e a K u w w , n p n ~ o n w s r u e f i K O ~ P ~ ~ ~ E ~ H U K I

2 5 6 1 ~ 2 , O K a 3 a n O c b P a B H w l 2. ~ o - ~ ~ c u ~ , Y T O 6W0 6 n H 3 K O K B e n W Y H H e

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8, 4 1 t 0 , 03 M 3 B n p n H a n n e m T w a r n m y 2561~2.

a n T o P b l P a 6 0 T h l npnmn K 3a~nme~w10 , '(TO ~ o n b ~ o a - n 3 n y ~ a ~ e n b c

3 t i e p r n e d 8 .08~0.03 M 3 B w c n e p w o n o M n o n y p a c n a n a (aono 3 MHHYT

n c m Y L ( a n c R R P e a K u w n , +YHKUHR ~ m 6 y m e ~ m KUTOPOC~ n o mpw H

n c m a x e H n l o M ~ K C W U Y M ~ cosnanana c T e u . YTO m a n w nm p e a K u w w 238

U ( 2 2 ~ e , 5 n ) 2 5 5 1 0 2 . M a K c ~ M a n b ~ I d BbocOA r p y n n h l 8.08 M 3 B n p w M e p H o B 5

P i 3 3 I l P e E b U E l n M Z i ~ c n M a n b H & B H X O n r p Y n n H 8 , 4 1 M3B. 3 T U T p e 3 Y n b T Z 3 T

L-IBXO~MJICR B C O r n a C U U C W3BeCTHbIWtl flaHHhlWtl C131 0 9YHKUWW B m 6 Y m e H I I R

PC?aKUHH 2 3 8 ~ ( 2 2 ~ e , 5 n ) 2 5 5 1 0 2 * .

a - ~ a c ~ w u c s ~ e p r w e f i E ~ = 8 , 0 8 ~ 0 , 0 3 M 3 B H n e p w o n o M nonypacnana T 1 / 2 = 1 8 0 C

R B m e T c R n3mmou 102-ro 3 n e M e H T a 2 5 5 1 ~ 2 .

L l p y r a R r p y n n a , p a 6 a r a ~ m B A Y ~ H ~ , nm c w ~ ~ e z ~ a w w a y ' t e ~ m

WSOTO~OB 2 5 5 1 ~ 2 n 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 n p n M e m n a R n e p H y l o p e a K u n n 2 4 2 ~ u + "0 Cl91. ( ~ k l m u npmonnnncb B nwana-e s H e p r w w 6 0 M 6 a p n w p y ~ q n x n m m "0 m 82

A 0 104 M 3 B . 0 6 H a P Y X U B H e C K M b K O ~ U H U ~ B W 3 M e p e H H D M a - C l l e K T p e , a B T O P h l

C O C p e f l O T O Y H n W BHLlMZiHWe H a n B Y X IIHHHRX: 8.42'0,03 M 3 B U 8.09'0.03

M 3 B . 3 ~ e p r e ~ n ' t e c ~ a 3 a s w c w M o c T b BHXO~QEI ~ T W X ~ W H W ~ ( a T a K x e nmnn e,3s+o,o3 M ~ B ) n o K a 3 a H a H a pwc. 7 . ~ p w w n o n c a e H w e K P ~ B H X ,

W 3 M e p e H H W am a-nn~wd 8.42 n 8.09 M3B, H a x o n w n w c b B cornacnw c

p a c Y e T H b l M I 1 KPHB~IMI~ A m n o n e p e ~ ~ b o c c e ~ e ~ w f i ~ e a ~ u w f i

2 4 2 ~ u ( 1 8 0 , 4 n ) 2 5 6 1 0 2 w 2 4 2 ~ u ( 1 8 ~ , 5 n ) 2 5 5 1 ~ 2 .

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M 3 B m ~ a c n a n a 2531~2. OHW 3 a p e r n c T p n p o B a n n 3 a- q a c T n u b l 2 4 9 ~ m

(Ea=7.52+0.03 M3B) n 5 a - ~ a ~ ~ n q 2 4 5 ~ f ( ~ ~ = 7 , 1 0 ~ 0 . 0 3 M3B) - C y I t e T o M

C T a T H C T H Y e C K H X OIW6- 3 T O T P e 3 Y n b T a T C O B n a n C a M A a e M h l M A m U e n O Y K H

H a n p H M e p , C 3 ~ e p r H e f i 88 M3B, a B T o P H I l M y Y W n W B C n e K T p e ~ - H 3 n y Y e H w s l

nnmw E-=B, 11T0,03 M ~ B ( CM. PHC. 106). 3~eprm 3 ~ d n n H m cmnana c B e n w ~ u ~ d 8 ,10~0.05 M ~ B , pa~ee n o n y ~ e ~ ~ o i t n m marcma 2 5 4 ~ ~ ~ ,

C H H T e 3 H P O B a H H O r O B P e a K U H H 2 4 3 ~ m ( 1 5 ~ . 4 n ) 2 5 4 1 0 2 [15]. k p ~ a

nonypacnana 3 ~ 0 m nztmma. H ~ M ~ P ~ H H ~ B BTOM cnyyae, c c c T a B n n

~ ~ / , = 7 5 * 1 5 C. KPHB~R BHXW n u H u n 8,11 M 3 B (CM. PHC. 11) c o B n a n a c

P ~ C Y ~ T H ~ 4 y ~ ~ u u e f i BCQ6YWeHHR ZUM - K W H 2 4 2 ~ U ( 1 6 ~ , 4 n ) 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 .

w 3 K - Pa3 . f lH ' iHe AaHHHX & 6 ~ b l 1 1 4 . 1 5 , 2 1 , 2 2 1 H B ~ K ~ w 11-31 0 I l e p H m e

nonypacnana H s H e p r n n - - ~ ~ C T H U 3 ~ 0 m H y w n w a . n p a a e n e ~ ~ h l e 3 K C n e P H Y e H T b l OnWCaHbl B C T a T b e [23,241- ~ P H Y ~ H H B A m IlOJIYYeHwsl R A e p

2 5 4 ~ ~ ~ pearuuw 2 3 8 ~ ( 2 2 ~ e , 6 n ) 2 5 4 1 0 2 , amopu 123.241 nmamnu, '(To

CnOHTaHH- A e J e H H e W e H b L(anOBePC1RTHO ZUM 3 T O r O H3OTCCIa.

n a p u n a n b ~ t d l n e p n a nonypacnana n o a H a n e H n r , K c n m T a H H c u y n e n e H n m

C O C T a B I M e T H E M e H b I E 25 Y a C O S , T O e C T b OTHOlWHWe BenWYHH BepQRTHOCTW

c n m T a H H o m n e n e H w s l H a- pacnana S F / - < 1/1800.

Tawnu 06pazxu. pa6ma 123,241 nmaziana, VTO n a H H t e r p y n n b l

B p ~ n u o napqwanb~cu nepwone nonypacnana 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 ( ~ ~ ~ - 6 C ) w Ul'HolUeHHH BeJ'lHYHH BePC1RTHOCTW S F / a = 1/2 12.33 R B J E l m C R O I W 6 W ~ k d h i b I -

W c n e n o w n a c b T a w r e E P T B ~ C n m T a H H o m a e n e H w s l n p y m r o

Y e T H o - Y e T H m t H 3 a r a l a 2 5 6 ~ ~ 2 . npn 6oldapa~pos~e m w H u n 3 238u

HOHaWn "Ne a B T O P Y p a 6 0 T b l C36 1 H a 6 n a C l a n H a K T H B H o C T b CnOHTaHHOT'O

n e n e H m c n e p n a c u nonypacnana mono 10 c, rmopa H a c c H o B a H u n

IlQnYYeHHHX AaHHHX 0 3aBWCWLY3CTH BHXOAa OT 3 H e P r W H WOHOS "Ne mrna 6 W b 0 6 b R c H e H a KaK n m a n e H n e c n a 6 ~ EPTBH c n m ~ a ~ ~ o r - 0 n e n e H w s l

-ma 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 , 06Pi33y--R B p e a K q n n 2 3 8 ~ ( 2 2 ~ e , 4 r 1 ) ~ ~ " 1 0 2 . O A H ~ K O

OUHOBPeMeHHO 6W0 0 6 H a p Y X l 2 H O 136,371, Y T O B APYrMX R A e P H W PeaKUCISIX

- 2 3 8 ~ + "Ne H 238~) t 160 - 0 6 P d 3 Y e T C R K ~ K ~ - T O C n O H T a H H O ~eJ l5 i l I lMf i cR

H y K n H n c aTu.uiba( H-POL( Z < l O O , ~~emil n e p n a nonypacnana 3 , 5 + 0 , 7

C - BBHAY T o m . Y T O n p H W e H b K l n C M E b o t a e aKTHBHoCTW C n O H T a H H O M

a e n e H m 6 w O T p y n H o o T n e n w T b c a m w s l n e n e H m 256102 m n e n e H w s l more H e M 3 B e C T H O m HYKnHAa . 6W CAf?naH E m , Y T O O T H U E H H e ~ e ~ ~ e f i

C n O H T a H H O M A e n e H w s l H Q - p d C n a A a H 3 a r c x l a 256102: SF/.. < 1/200 1351.

3 - 4 - 6 - ~ ~ _ ~ n e ~ _ w ~ ~ r e ~ _ ~ ~ - ~ o ~ x ~ ~ ~ ~ ! ~ lo2~m?_n1?-w_HTa B 1967 m y B & 6 ~ e 6 w u n p o B e L l e H n m m b l n o m p e a e n e H n m

X H M U Y ~ C K O ~ X a p a K T e p a 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a 102 1251 M ~ T ~ O M l ~ p o ~ ~ a n b ~ o i l

X - T W P a W b i r a m p a 3 H b I X XJIOPHLIOE, ~ U T o p t d l A 0 3 T O r O H C n M b 3 0 8 a n C R

ZUM X H Y W ' ~ ~ C K ~ WAeHTHQrHKalWM 3 n e Y e H T a 104.

B pa6me, B CYIUHOCTH, muemnacb CKOPOCT~ ABWD~HCISI m e K y n

X n o p n c T m C O M H H ~ H H ~ ~ ~ 3 y ~ a e w s x 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a ~ B H ~ K O T O P O C ~ ~ 3 a r e p W n ~ e c ~ d

K o n m K e B nmme X n o P u p y ~ m ram. L!JW 3 ~ 0 m C H H T ~ ~ W P O B ~ ~ H a T a u

2 5 6 1 ~ ~ (TlI2=4 C) H 3a em n-ne~neu cnennnn n o p a c n p e n e n e H u w 252

A O Y e p H e m A O J l r a M B Y l 4 2 m F m ( T1/2=25 '0 B A O n b KOIIOHKW.

6LUl0 W~HO. 'IT0 I lPH CCIPeAeneHHbIX YCJIOBHRX 3 n e M e H T 102,

nm06~0 n a H T a H a u i a u n H 3 B e C T H H M no ~ T O M ~ K T H H C H A H ~ 3 n e u e ~ ~ a u (Am H

A P - 1 . IlePeMeU(aJlCR n o K O n O H K e O Y e H b MeAJleHHO. B T O B E U W K a K 3 n e M E H T

104 n c 1 ~ 0 6 ~ 0 r a w m i n P a x w H n ~epe3 K ~ ~ O H K y 6e3 3anepxxu 3a nonu

KOHQlePeHUWl n o # M 3 b l K e TRXf2nHX WOHOB, H a KOTOPO~~ 6 M W C m 6 U e H H

H 3 n O L e H H b l e 3 n e C b UaHHble 0 C ~ C T B ~ X P a 3 S I M V H W H 3 O T O n O B 1 0 2 - r O

3 n e M e H T a , C W H T e 3 H P O B a H H W ~ Y ~ H ~ H C K ~ rpynnoil. ~ T H U a H H H e CYMMUpOBaHH

B ~ a 6 n n u e , B wcrropdi n p M s e n e H b l T a r x e u a H H b l e , c a 6 u a s w e c R B pa6max

r P Y n n b l ~ P K ~ W . O n Y 6 n H K O B a H H W B 1958 - 1961 I T - , U n a H H H e ,

P e K O M e H n O B a H H b l e B COBPeMeHHhlX T a 6 n n U a X U3OTOI lOB [26,27].

'Ih6nnua ~ H H W o a-pacnaue n m o n o ~ 102-ro s n e ~ e ~ ~ a , n a n y ' r e H H E

B k p ~ n ~ (1958-1961) n n y 6 ~ e ( 1 9 6 3 - 1 9 6 6 )

252 4 . ~ ~ 1 . 5 8,41+0,03 2 3 9 ~ u ( 1 8 0 , 5 n ) Mnxeeg H up. 2,30 8 , 4 1 ( 7 5 % ) 1 9 6 6 [21,22]

3.6. a ~ f l e p ~ ~ e ~ ~ b l r P Y f l f l H & P K ~ W , O n Y 6 n W K 0 B a H H H e

B P H Y S I C A L R E V I E W L E T T E R S B 1967 r o n y

B 1967 m y , n m n e T m O KaK B &pKnbI C T a n k I W3B€?CTHH B C e A a H H W .

n a n v q e ~ w B m6~e. hopco, C H w w e n a ~ n n H y p m a 1281 o n y 6 n n ~ o ~ a n n p e 3 y n b T a T H HOBHX 3 K C f l e P H W H T O B . BMlQnHeHHHX B newa6pe 1966 F O A a .

244 24 8 - ~ P ~ H P Y R M H E H W W3 W O H O W 3 6 0 n H H X I l W f l a W T O E (m, 2 4 6 ~ b4 '3

12 13 n y w a u n HOHOB C H C, OHM c n ~ ~ e 3 n p o ~ a n n c e M b H ~ ~ O ~ O B 102-1-0

3 n e M e H T a m 2 5 1 1 ~ 2 no 257102. I.~X n a H H w o X a p a K T e p n c T n K a x a- pacnana n m n -am m 2 5 2 1 ~ 2 no 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 n m H m T b n C o B n a n n c n a H H m n ,

n o n y r e ~ ~ m a n pa~ee B a ~ 6 ~ e - H a p m y c a-pacnanou n3mona 252102

( T ~ , ~ = Z , 3'0,3 C , Eol=8. 4 1 M3B) OHH 0 6 H a p y M n H a K T W B H 0 3 T b C f l O H T a H H O r O

n e n e H m , c 6 n n 3 ~ n ~ nepnonrm nanypacnana, c m T a a m a m y m n o c w o p o c T n

C r e T a 1 /2 m c w o p o c T n c r e T a a - r a c ~ n q c 3 ~ e p r n e f i 8.41 M3B, n I l W ~ f l O J I O X H n H , ' c T 0 3 T a a K T W B H o C T b C f l O H T a H H O r O A e n e H H R T a K L e UT'HCCWTCR

K n 3 m O n y 252102. npyroro n-ma, 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 , o H n H a 6 n i o n a n n cna6yn B e T B b C f l O H T a H H m O A e n e H H R H C W n W Y K a 3 a T b m H O l l E H H e B e n n ' t n H H

B ~ ~ O X T H ~ T W S F / a = 1/400. BWCTO npenena S F / a < 1/200. p a H e e

Y C T a H O B n e H H O r O B m 6 ~ e C35,361. A ~ ~ o p b l [301 OTMeTWnH " B K a ' i e C T B e I I P e n M e T a H C T O P H ' i e C K O r O

W H T ~ ~ ~ C E ~ " , L(T0,f lO WX MHeHHlO,H3UTOn 252102 B f l e P B b l e 6W 0 6 H a P Y L e H B

k p K n l 4 C2.31- B K a r t e C T B e a P r Y * l e H T a A m T ~ K & P 2 H H T e P f l P e T a L l M H AaHHHX

I 3 0 c b M H J l f X ~ e f i UaBHOZTH f l p M B e ~ e H T a b K O OAHH W K T : B 1959 r O A Y , K O r A a

H a 6 n D n a n k i TP2XCeKYHnHYIO 8.3 M 3 B a - a K T H B H O C T b [2,31 , 6W0

3 a P e r W C T P H P O B a H O T a K L e C n O H T a H H O e A e n e H H e , BHXOLl KUT-0 C m T a B H n

1 /2 m s h o t m a a-pacnana, r T o owazianmb x a p a K T e p H o nm pacnam n-ona 2 5 2 1 ~ 2 .

B w B P ~ I I W ~ C ~ K em 6onee W H H e M y 3 K C n e P M l l e H T Y [ I ] , h O W 0 .

CHwwena~n n Hypma [301 3 a x B n n n cnenylolqee: " M u T e n e p b Bepnu, r T o

BBHAY I l p o 6 n e M . C B R 3 a H H H X C W 3 P e U E H H e M H npefiI#I~, 6W0 B W M O X H O

C I l y T a T b 2 0 - W H 7.22 M3B 244Cf C 30-MWH 7.43 M 3 B 2 5 0 ~ r n . B

n m m a , KaK ~(b l H a x a n u celrac, c o r n a c y e T c R c ~ T O L ) rnnme3dl . B XHMW'L~CKHX ~ P Q B ~ P O ~ H H X s w c n e p n l l e H T a x , n o n T B e p n n s m w x , r T o 2 5 0 ~ m 6M

nmwd 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 , ncnmasmel mna ry m a-pacnana, n m n e u a p a 3 p e m e H m

H e nrpana P O J l n , T a w waw 2 4 4 ~ f B 3 T a c n y r a e m n e m n c ~ K a T H O H 0 0 6 l l e H H U W l K Q ~ O H K ~ M H " -

B C T a T b e C281 6 W H n O A B e P r H Y T H P e H H T e P f l W a U H n H A a H H b l e A p y m

p a 6 m ~ [ 4 1 . -0 3 a S I B n e H O CJIeAYKNIk2e: " Kaw Y a C T b 3KCf l ePk iMeHTOB. B

YOTOPYX 6W OTKPHT 3 n e W H T 103, ~ O Y P ~ H C W ~ ~ . Q-VaCTHUH C 3 ~ e p I - n e f l 8.2

M3B H 15-CeKYHAHbLH lIePWOaOM flOJlYPaCfla/Ja 6 w H n p a B H n b H 0 f l p H n n C a H H

3 n e t . w ~ ~ ~ 102, HO cegrac RCHO, TO OHH n p n H a n n e x a T n m m y c meed

257. a H e 255. waw n w n n o n a r a n m b E TO ~ p e r c s l " .

B 1967 r a y E n o n y n R p H o u x y p H a n e " P h ~ s l c s ~ o d a y " h-o n C n ~ w e n a ~ n C291 o n Y 6 n n w o s a n n c T a r b a , B ~mopol ynennnn B H n t a H n e

6 m H o B a H n K ) n p n w n T e T a rpynnu & p ~ n n 6 m ~ p m n n 102-1-0 3 n e u e ~ ~ a . ABTOPH Y T E e p y l a n n . TO B & P K ~ W B 1958-1961 r m H 6 W O ~ K P ~ O TPW

W 3 U T O n a 102-r0 3 J l e E H T i 3 , IlPeyle '4eM B A Y ~ H ~ B f l e P B b l e 6W C W H T e 3 H P Q B a H

W 3 m M 2 5 6 1 ~ 2 . 0 6 0 C H O B a H W R 3 T O r 0 Y T B e P y l e H W I l P H B e A e H H CneAY-e

n o E o n H - (1). M ~ ~ T O I I 2 5 0 ~ r n 6W "Bbln (EH H 3 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 B 1958 ~ O A Y " . 3 ~ 0 , n o

MHeHHKl a E T O P O B C T a T b W C311. RBWnOCb / J O K a 3 a T e n b C T B O M IlPWCYTCTBWR

102-1-0 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a - ( 2 ) . 3aSI-R, '(TO B pa6me 111 H 3 0 T O n 2 4 4 ~ f 6W O m W 6 W H O nPWHRT

3a 2 5 0 ~ m , a B T o p H C291 y T s e p y l a n n . YTO B 1958 rony B Bpwnn 6w

m ~ p m em WHH n m o n 102-1-0 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a - 2 5 2 1 ~ 2 .

(3) . &ll0 f l O B T o p e H 0 Y T B e p y l e H H e [281. ' i T 0 U - a K T H B H O C T b C

s ~ e p r n e l EQ=8,2 M 3 B n n e p n a o u nanypacnana T -15 c, 0 6 H a p y x e H H a S I B

1961 m y C41 n n P n n n c a H H a f i T m n a n m o n y 254:E2. n p n H a n e m T n ~ m o n y

2 5 7 1 ~ 2 , nm ~ m o ~ ~ r o 6 ~ n n a n y r e H H B pa6me ~ 3 0 1 6 n n 3 ~ n e n o B e n n r n H e

3 ~ a r e ~ m 3 H e p r n n a - r a c T n u (8.23 M 3 B - 5 0 % n 8 . 2 7 M s B - 5 0 % ) n nepnona n o n y p a c n a n a ( 2 3 + 2 c ) .

3 - 7. ! X _ c y - m e ~ ~ e P ~ ~ ! ? Y ~ ~ T ~ T ~ B - P S G E - - E P K ~ B - _ ~ - A Y G _ H ~ ~ . npeTe_Hnr_mx- Ha--ar_wP-m_Hee 4 o2: r o 3neMem_a

T o r ~ a 3PeHCIR A Y ~ H ~ H c K ~ r P Y n n H H a BOllPOC 0 n P W O P H T e T e

CTKPblTWR 102-tU 3 n e M e H T a 6wa H 3 n o P e H a B 0 6 3 0 P H H X C T a T b R X C30-321-

Bcwope n m n e ny6nnwaqnn c ~ a ~ e f i C28.291 B WIDTWC 6 w n I # I p m n b H o

n p n 3 ~ a ~ ~ n p m e ~ 3 n n rpynnu &pwnn H a mw pmne 102-ro s n e u e H T a .

~ B H ~ H M O M Y . OCHOBaHHeM AJ'M f lPH3HaHCIR I l O c n Y M n k I a P r y M l 2 H T H . BblnBWHYTble

B 3 T H X C T a T b R X -

MH Y 6 e X U e H H B H e a 6 C C H O B a H H O C T H T a K O r O f lPH3HaHWR. ~ T W

B e P H e h C R K pa6mau, B W l M H e H H t S M B M m K B e . ~ P K ~ H H m6~e. H

npua~ann3npyeu nx, C T W L W C ~ B M B H T ~ . B r a r d uepe OHM y n o ~ n e ~ m p ~ a r

W e B W n H O M Y . H a H a m B 3 r J M n . K P H T e P H D Ul'KPUTCiR: HanH 'LHD A U C a Z a T e J l b C T B

TO^, TO 3 n e u e ~ ~ 102 ( a ~ m 102-ro 3 n e u e ~ ~ a . n30~m) 6w n a n y ' L e H B

M H C a H H O M O n m e . & X a 3 a ~ e J I b c T B a A M M H 6 m b O C H a B a H b l H a RCHOY

H 3 n a D e H H H y c n m n l I lPOBeUeHHHX OnWTOB, a H a n H 3 e H C T W H H K O B OOHa, em

K O ~ U ' ~ ~ C T B € ! H H ~ o r l e H K e - ??TO H e 0 6 X W H M O . H a n P H W e P , A m B C C l l V 3 B e A e H C I R

~ K C I I ~ P H M ~ H T O B . n a B m x n a a 3 a ~ e n b c ~ m U T K P ~ ~ T W R 3 n e u e ~ ~ a . BO B C e x P a C C u a T P H m e M b U L pa6max P e ' i b Ma 0 n o w a 3 a T e n b c T s a x .

~ H O E I ~ H H H X H a O n p e n e n e H n w caoilc~s R n e p ( w a u r w ~ ) H o B o r o 3 n e u e ~ ~ a : nepnma nonypacnana. ~ H ~ P ~ H H H c n y c K a e w x c=- ' iac~uu. W ~ B W ~ H O , TO

C006IUeHHblC3 BeJlH'iHHbl AQnXHbl 6 H T b n 0 3 T a T O ' i H O TO'iHHMU- H a n p u u e p . HX

n m ? 6 K H , H e POnXHbl I l P e B M J I a T b Y P O B e H b . YOTOP& P e a n b H O W 6 b I T b

LIOCTHPHYT C nOL(Om6Kl C ~ W C T ~ ~ B I O ~ ~ ~ B n a H H O 2 B P e r r s l TeXHHKH ~ 3 ~ ( e ~ e H H f i -

f e n a T e J l b H 0 , V T d H T O q H 0 3 T b AaHHHX 6wa A ~ ~ T ~ T O Y H ~ H C ~ o n b 3 O E Z l H W R

B T e O p H H H nQnY3MnHPM'ieCKMX C H C T e K 3 T H K .

P a ~ ~ n e p e z y n b ~ a ~ b l , n o n y ' i e H H H e B M o c w ~ e , urnw'ianncb ~esucowoir T W H C C T ~ ~ H ~ M ~ P ~ H W R ~ H ~ P ~ H H - - ' ~ ~ c T w u H n e p w a a nmypacnana. I l m r o u y

3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a . O n ~ a w o CTOHT m u e T n T b , TO B 3 ~ d pa6me ~ W H n p n B e n e H t i

nc ' i epn tmame H tianemwe n a a 3 a ~ e n b c ~ ~ a ~ o r o , TO ~ a 6 n m n a ~ m c ~ npn 16

6 0 w 6 a p n ~ p o ~ ~ e 241 pu nmam o r p y n n a a - ' i a c T n u c 3~eprweii 8 , 9 + 0 , 4

M3B H nepwonm nmypacnana (2-40) c H e mrna 6 b l T b 0 6 b H c H e H a I#mm

C B H H U a - & ~ B W ~ H O , Y T O a B T O P b l ~ ~ ~ ~ C T B U T ~ J I ~ H O H a 6 n K l n a J l H a - P a C n a A R A e P

102-ro 3 n e u e ~ ~ a , TO e c T b a T m 102-m 3 n e ~ e ~ a ~ W H nQny' ieHbl B nx O n b l T a X - nG-BHAWM~MY B H3WePeHCIRX C m 0 3 ~ ~ n b c u e f i 6wa H e C K m b K O

B H H M a H H e 3 T O 3 a B h r m e H H e , M O M 0 I l P e n I l M O X U T b , ' iTO B MOCKOBCKHX

B R U ~ P H ~ P e a K u u n 2 4 1 ~ ( 1 6 ~ . 5 n ) 2 5 2 1 ~ ~ 6~ n o n y Y e H

( T l I 2 = 3 C , Eo=8.41 M s B ) .

H 3 c y m n a H H t u 06 3 n e u e ~ ~ e 102, n Q n y ' i e H H m K metin 1966 rona (CM. T ~ ~ ~ H U Y B paanene 3 . 4 - 4 ) . B H ~ H O , TO B 1963-1966 rr. B A y 6 ~ e ~ W H

B n e P B b l e C H H T e 3 H P O B a H H n R T b H S U T O n O B 3 T 0 r 0 3 n e M e H T a C M a C C O B W

'iHCJlaMH U T 252 A 0 256 H nCUlY'ieHH n P a B H n b H H f 2 A a H H b l e 0 B P e M e H H M 3 H H

n m H a H m n p c u e c c o B ~ 3 a u m n e i i c ~ ~ m c n m m R n e p H e c c n a m m H B

H a C T m w e BpeldSI.

P a 6 m b l A Y ~ H ~ H C K ~ r P Y n n H B M I B H n H O m n 6 0 Y H 0 3 T b P e 3 Y J l 5 T a T O B H

BHBOnOB, OrIY6nHKoBaHHhlX P H e e r p y n n d & P K N ~ [I-41 . WHO, ' iTO 3 T 0 H

RBHJ lOCb l l ~ H ' i H H d l l P 3 3 e n e H W R I laBTOPHhIX 3 K C n e P H M e H T O B C281 B B P K J I H -

H e BH3blBaf?T ~ O L M e H b l f i H T O , ' iTO 3 H a H H e I l p a B H n b H H X C ~ C T B n R T H

H ~ ~ T W O B 102-m 3 n e ~ e ~ ~ a H ~ H ~ M ~ P H M O c 6 n e r ' i H n o 3ana'iy. KOTOPYI) pemnn H 6 b 1 3 T P O P e U M n H a B T O P b l 3 K C n e P H M e H T O B C281. b n e 3 T O m "-HUM

'~wcIIO~I" 6 W H n m J I O D e H H HOB- 0 6 b H C H e H H R P e 3 Y n b T a T O B C T a P H X -6OT.

XUTR H CaMU a B T O P H 3 T H X 0 6 b H ~ H e H H f i C291 n P H 3 H a J l H , TOBOPS3 06 W H d H 3

3 T H X W 6 O T [ I ] , ' iTO "H~BCOMOMO C Y B e P e H H 0 3 T b K l U l P e n e n H T b IlPW'iHHH.

n o w m o p b l ~ npomomnn m 6 r n " .

H aTOkIbl QePWHR. 0 6 P a 3 0 B a B I W e C R H e l l O C P e n C T B e H H O B P e a K U H R X

2 4 6 ~ m ( 1 2 ~ , - 4 1 4 n ) 2 5 0 ~ m n 2 4 4 ~ m ( 1 2 ~ , a 2 n ) 2 5 0 ~ m - Cam a B T O P H C T a T b H C--

-. r ~ o 'incno n e p B n ' i H m aT- 2 5 0 ~ m ( a TaK- 2 4 5 ~ f n 2 4 6 ~ f ) Ha

~BHIYIII~RCR n e H T e 6 ~ 0 B corm pa3 6CNIbme 'incna aT- 250Fm H a

C 6 O P H H K e n W e p H n x R n e p urna'in- npoc~we orlew'n n c x a a ~ ~ a m , VTO n m ~ a - T W H O 6W0 n U l a n a H W R H a 3 T O T 1 % I lePBH' iHHX a T O M 3 B

250Fm, ' i T c 6 H c 6 m c H u T b p e 3 y n b T a T O n m m c X u m ' i e C K n M B m e n e H n e M Q ~ P -

ma. H e n p n B n e K a R e p a c n a rnnmeTn'iecwOm v a T e p m c w o r o 2 5 4 1 ~ 2 .

ABTOPH C T a T b H H e n p H B e n H ZEIHHHX, L O T O P E MOTJlH 6 H HCKJlKMUTb 3 T 0 BCD-

M O M O e a n b T e p H a T H B H O e C 6 b H C H e H U e p e 3 Y J I b T a T a HX XKMM'iecKHX U l m O B .

B W C T ~ C T e M OHU YnOLWHYnH, ' iTO H a ~a ' i a J l5~d CT- p a 6 0 T H HM

n P H E n 0 3 b 3 a H H K 3 T b C R QOHOY IlePBH'iHblX aTOLCaB 2 4 6 ~ , LOTOPE n m m n ~ H a C6OPHHK A G 4 e P H H X R n e P O T Z I a W m3a H e c O B e p W 2 H C T B a 3 n e K T P U 2 T a T U -

246Cf v e C K d 3 K P a H H P 3 B K U - ~ B H B . Y T O UM Y U a n m b CHW3WTb (#M no " ~ P ~ H ~ ~ W M M O H W S P O M YPOBHR", a B T O P Y H e I l P U B e n H HUKaKHX U a H H t J X ,

* nCRElCJlSlIOIWX K O n H Y e C T B e H H O XUTH 6 b l rpy60 O U e H W T b 3 T O T Y P O B e H b . M e m y

T e W He06XOCIHLIOCTb K M W Y ~ C T B ~ H H ~ OUeHKW r#Yla O Y e B U U H a , e C n H I l P W M T b ,

Y T O B pa6me [ I ] ( B HeXWMWYeCKWX O n m a x ) 3a 2 5 0 ~ m O I W 6 0 Y H O n p H H R T

2 4 4 ~ f [28 .29 ] .

Kar n m a m n n ~ 6 m v C8,101, M ~ X ~ H W ~ M c6opa s n e w T p w y e c w w u n m e u n e p a n w b u c n p o n y r T o g R n e p H m p e a ~ u w i T R r e n t u wmm Enoxtieti

Y T O H e f i ~ p a n b ~ b l e a T o M t r e P M k U l U M S H b l 6Wn 3a C Y e T n U W Y 3 H b i I l O n a n a T b

H a p a a n w ~ ~ ~ e nerann Y c T a H m w w , B TOM vwcne w H a C ~ O P H W K n o Y e p H w x

s l n e p m n a y n .

Henbm WCKnKF(HTb W U P Y r Y I O B m M a M Y l O ilPHYWHY n O n a n a H W R 2 5 0 ~ " ~ H a

3 T G T C6OPHWK - C Y I g e C T B O B a H H e W 3 0 M e m 250mFm . waropbdl c nepwonou

nonypacnana mono 2 c nepexonw~ B m ~ m ~ c e coc~m~we 2 5 0 ~ m ~ 3 3 3 .

DTna~a npw W ~ W ~ P H O M nepexone n p n ~ o n n ~ K m p m y a ~ o ~ o s 2 5 0 ~ m m

*B C B R 3 W C 3TWM B W h l B a e T Y U H B n e H H e C n e U Y l O m e e & C T c 6 1 T e n b C T B O . B 246

C T a T b e [ I ] a B T O P b l U B a X U b l Y T B e P X U a n H . Y T O CF H e 6W & H a P Y E H H a

C 6 0 P H W K e n m e p H w x n p o n y w T m a-pacnana- B npenenax on~om H T o r 0 xe a63aua ceavana r O B o P R T o TOM, Y T O n o n o n H n T e n b H c e 3 w p a H n p m a H n e

n c K n m n n o n o n a n a H w e n e p s w v H o r o 2 4 6 ~ f H a 3 T m C 6 0 P H H K ( *. Y c T p a H n n o 3 T y

n m n e u y " ) , a Y Y T ~ HUB Y T B e p x u a l u r : "TO. YTO a T w , c 0 6 p a H H u e H a

TOM C ~ O P H W K ~ , 6ww B H ~ H T H c n e H m 3a c Y e T m n a v n npn a-pacnane. i l O n T B e P X U a e T C R T e M ~ K T O M , ' I T 0 HW 2 4 6 ~ f , HH

245CF , ~mopbfe ~ W H

C & P a H Y H a n e H T e B H a M H O m 6 M b U M X K M H Y e C T B a X . H e 6 W W ~ a f i ~ e ~ b l

p e n b e + ~ o H a C ~ O P H W K ~ X " - Cnenymuee c o o 6 m e H n e a a w a ~ ~ n m e ~ TOT a63aq:

"Han nsnxyqeRc~ n e ~ ~ o t 4 6wa n o M e m e H a R n e p H a R 3 ~ y n b c m , YT&H

3 a p e r n c T p n p o B a T b a - ~ a c ~ w u b l m pacnana a T o m 102-ro snehiewa. O n ~ a w o

3~0m C n e n a T b H e ynanmb, T a w war Y n c n o TWKOB m pacnam 250Fm

2 4 6 ~ f , 2 4 5 ~ f n up. B COTHW pa3 npesmaao mnae- y w c n o r p e l c m

a - Y a c T n u 254102". Ecnw n m n e n H e y T B e p m e H w e B ~ P H O , T o r n a war C ~ ~ S I C H W T ~ TO, TO 2 4 6 ~ H e 6W & H a P Y x e H H a C 6 0 P H H K e U O Y e P H H X

n p o A y w T c m a-pacnana? n W T h l e a e H K n nowa3tu3am, YTO a-pacnan A m e p H n x aT- 2 4 6 ~ f , B M W T ~ ~ X c n e H T b l ~3 -=a mnaw npn m - p a c n a n e

n e P B W Y H O r O 2 5 0 ~ m U C G 6 P a H H H X H a 3 T C M C 6 0 P H H K e , U O J I E H 6W n p U B e c T U K

n a R a n e H n a a - n n ~ n n 2 4 6 ~ f H a y p O B H e , H e b e ~ b m e ~ , Y e M 40 a - v a c ~ n u 2 5 0 ~ m

( nnn 244 CF ? ) , ~ a 6 n m a s m x c s l , n o y T s e p r C l e H n o a m o m [ 11 , B O ~ H O M

on me.

250mFm I l O B e P X H O C T H [ 3 3 ] , n a T C U y H a n U Y U e U 3 o M e W mrno n p n a e c T n K

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B T e q e H n e 1958-1961 rr. B kpwnn nenanncb H e o n H o w p a T H b l e nonbrrwn C H H T e 3 H W B a T b 3 J l e h @ H T 103 n P H 0 6 n Y q e H H H L U ~ U E H ~ ~ ~ H 3 K D P m H

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Kar s n n H o n 3 n p n s e n e H H o m a H a n n Z a , B p a t j m e [61 n p a K ' r H v e c K n

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p e M t l T e P I l P e T a U H K ) P f 2 3 y n b T a T O B [b ] B nCJIb3Y OTKPbPPHR 2 5 8 ~ ~ 3 [9.101, OHM

tie cnenann naxc n o n t x r K n c o n m T a B n T b n e T a n b H o H o s y a n H T e p n p e T a u n a c M a T e p u a n o M c T a T b n [a] . O v e ~ n n ~ o . VTO OAHH -KT 6 n H 3 C c T W O n p e n e n e H H t a x

n a 3 E B L l O ] PaAHU3KTHBHHX C B ~ C T E 2581~3 ( E a z 8 . b M3B. TlI2=4 C e K ) W

C B O ~ C T B TOW a K T n B H c c T n , KGTOP~R ~ a 6 n w a n a c b B L61 n npnnncmanacb 257 103, H e n b 3 R C Y H T a T b 0 6 C C H O B a H H e M 3 a R B K H H a O T K P m n e 3 n e M e H T a 103 - meu n np. [ I l l n ~ b l B H a c T a R a e M osaope m M e T n n n m o m n c n e H H b l e

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2 5 8 ~ ~ 3 H n H 2591~3.

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a E . C .

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n m y p a c n a n a rpynnhl c Ea=8,3-8.6 M3B c c c T a s n n o 35 c , v ~ o C O r n a c m

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CHWNEL NUMBER p e a r u n 243~m(180 . ~ n ) ~ ~ ~ 1 o 3 :

J l n ~ e p a ~ y p a

1 - r- H - 9 n e p o ~ n A P . , aolcnan~ AH CCCP. 120, 73 ( 1958): IIDW, 38, e2

( 1960).

2. O.Hahn, Verh. d. D. phvs. Ges. 11, p.55, 1909.

3 . A.Ghiorso, t.Slkkeland, J.R.Walton, G.7.Seaborg. Phys-Rev. Lett..

1 , 18 (1958).

4. A.Ghiorso, Physics Today, 20, N 9 (1967), p.25.

5. A-Ghiorso, Proc. of the Second Conf. on Reactions between Complex

Nuclel. Gatllnburg, May 2 - 4 , 1960, p.195.

6. A.Ghlorso, T.Sikkeland, H.t.Larsh, R.M.Latlmer, Phys. Hev. Lett.

9. 473 (1961).

7 E - A- h e u , B- A. U l e r o n e ~ , B- A. EPM~KOB, A 3 , A',, 109 (Iras).

8. G.N.Flerov et dl., Nucl.Phys.. N O + , 476, (1~b7).

9. G-Seaborg, Actlnide5 revlews, !, 3 (1~66). 10. K-Eskola, P.Eskola, M.Nurmla, A.Ghlorso, Phys-Rev. C, 4, N 2.

632 (1971).

11- E - A . L l o ~ e u , B - A - A P Y M H . B - 5 l . M W x e e ~ . A 3 , 5 , N 2, 87 (1968);

Ann.~hys 3 . 331 (1968). 12- E - f l - R O H e U . B . A . k t W n e B . B - A - E P M ~ K O B , A3, i6, 19S, (1964). 13 - E. A. Lkmeu, 0- A. U l e r o n e a , B- A- EPM~KOB, n p e n p u ~ ~ ~ 2 1 1 4 ,

A Y ~ H ~ , 1965; m, T . 2 . B W . 6 , 1015 (1965).

14 - E. fl. MUXeeB, rK3, N 4 , 22 ( 1966).

15. G.N.Flerov et al, Nucl.Phys., !AAA$, 476, (1967).

16. B - A - A P Y H H , m, T . 12, 13.2. 268 (1970): Sov. J. N u c l . Phys. 12,

146 (1971).

n o n p O t j y e ~ n o n m c m i T b atianna nepsnx pa6m n o c u H T e a y w u s y - i e ~ n a C B O ~ C T B TPaHC&!pMlleBlJX aKTHHMAHbM 3 n e U e H T O B (Z'101,102,103). MH

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T W X B a n e H T H O r O .

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K a Y e C T B e OAHOTO H 3 OCHOBHHX M e T O A O B o ~ H c J ~ H ~ Y H O L ? M n e H T H 4 H K a U H H HOEHX

H Y Y n H U O B H C I l Q n b 3 0 B a J l H B t l n e n e H H e H 3 6 e C T H b l X A O Y e P H H X nPOLIYKT06:

Q-pacnana H C K O M ~ ~ X H y K n n n o E - OPnava npn a-pacnane n a 3 B a n s l e - r m n e . m ~ b

A O V e P H H e a T o M b l 01' M J T e P H H C K H X H 3 a a H 0 O T MHOrO'4HCneHklHX n P Y r k l X

I lePBHYHblX n P U n Y K T O B R A e P H H X ~ e a ~ u n f i . ~ ~ O X H B Y ~ M ~ n o Y e P H H e H Y K n H n t r

n 3 pacnana namonoe 3 n ~ t d e H T O B 1 0 2 n 103 H ~ ~ H T H ~ H U H ~ O E ~ ~ H , r a K

n P a B H n 0 , C nOMOUlbKl C e n e K T H E H K X X H W Y e C K H X MeTOAOB. M ~ E ~ C T H N Q 3 H e P r M R

a - ' i a C T H U H n e P H O A I l O n Y P a C n a A a AOVePHMX a T O M O B n P M ~ P ~ B H ~ ~ H O R

I l O C T i l H O E K e 3 K C n e P H M e H T O B r a P a H T l 4 P O B a n H 6 e 3 0 U I H 6 0 Y H O C T b MACHTH-

~ H K ~ U H H .

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HOBHX 3 n e ~ e t 1 ~ 0 ~ n p e B b l c n n n TO, ' 4 e M pacnanarann E TO spew E Eeprnn n o a C C O P T M M e H T Y IIYYYOB T R I E n H X HOHOB H HX H H T e H C H B H O C T H - &UIH

c m n a H t r P ~ ~ H U X P ~ ~ H N Q M e T o n n K n H annaparypa.

& I S n P O E e P K H B ~ ~ M O X H C C T ~ ~ P a 3 P a 6 O T a H H b l x I l O n X O A O E B K a Y e C T B e

t i e c ~ a n b ~ o c m e H a T o m E 3~01-o H y K n n n a , H ~ M ~ P ~ H nepnon nonypacnana. O n p e n e n e H a 3~ep1-m C ~ - V ~ C T H L I , n 3 ~ q e ~ b l ~ ~ K O H O M ~ P H C C T H 06pa3o~a~m R n e p 256

102 E n B Y X Pa3JlH'4HblX K O M t j M H a l l k i R ~ MHWeHb M 6 0 M 6 a p n ~ ~ ~ ~ n u n t i HOH

[ a s - A l l J . M ~ o m e ~ n e nepnonos nanypacnana 25b102, n a n y v e H H o r o E m6~e. n

254 102, p a H e e n 3 y v e H H o r o B B P K ~ H [ ~ 6 - E I ~ I , E m B a n o Y n n B n e H n e , T a r

K a K n P O T H E O P e q W n 0 H 3 6 e C T H H M AaHHHM 0 COOTHIXWHHH E P e M e H M 3 H H

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