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MONER SHUSHRUSHAY RABINDRA SANGEET/RABINDRASANGEET IN PSYCHOTHERAPY
Dr. D. Dutta Roy, Ph.D. (Psy.)Psychology Research UnitINDIAN STATISTICAL INSTITUTEKolkata – 700 108International Conference on Bengali Literature organized by the Department of Bengali, West Bengal State University, Barasat, North 24 pgs., W.B.Date: 13.3.2009
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Rabindrasangeet is a journey to Whole or completeness
Outer Layer:-Missing-Anomalies
Inner Layer-Vividness-Orderliness-Complexity
Inner Core Layer-Harmony with Environment-Aesthetics-Cleanliness
CONSCIOUSNESS PARADIGM
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
A Journey
Rabindrasangeet is a journey from outer layer to inner core through inner layer of consciousness.– "Chokher aloy dekhechilem
chokher bahire"; (outer layer)– "Antare aaj dekhbo, jakhan alok
nahi re" (inner layer)– "Dharay jakhan dao na dhara
hriday takhan tomay bhara, ekhon tomar apan aloy tomay chahi re" (innercore layer)
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Characteristics of 3 layers
The outer layer or Murta : What we sense through our five sensory organs; It is tangible and measurable.
The inner layer or the Raaga : The meaning carried by the sensory stimuli. It is attached with emotion; It is apperception. It can be measured through quasi continuous scale. It is mixed with error variance.
The inner core layer or Saraswat layer : The feeling of harmony, the existence of truth, the feeling of white; It is partially measured by the quasi continuous scale and projective tests. It is free from error variance.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Playing in the outer layer
“Ami keboli swapan karechi bapan batase-
Tai akashkusum karinu chayan hatashe
Chayar matan milay dharani, kul nahi pay ashar tarani,
Manaspratima bhasia beray akashe”
“Emni karei jay jadi din jak na,
Mon ureche uruk na re mele diye ganer pakhna”
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
First stage of the journey
Outer layer properties suddenly find the existence of inner layer;
“ Amar hiyar majhe lukiye chile
Dekhte ami pai ni, tomay dekhte ami pai ni.
Bahir-pane chokh melechi, amar hriday-pane chai ni…..”
“Ami jwalbo na “Ja chilo kalo-dhalo tomar
range ranga holo.Jemon rangabaran tomar
charan tar sane aar bhed n ralo.
Ranga holo basan-bhushan, ranga holo shyan-swapan
Holo kemon dekh re, jemon ranga kamal talomolo. “
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
The Second stage
The journey is not very smooth. Lot of ideas are broken, built and rebuilt.– “Tomay niye khelechilem khelar gharete
khelar putul bhenge geche pralayy jhaarete
Thak tabe sei kebol khela, hok -na ekhon praner mela-tarer bina bhanglo, hriday-binay gahi re. "
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Mixing with inner core/Saraswat layer
“Amar poran jaha chay tumi tai, tumi tai Gotoma chhara ar e jogote mor keho nai, keho nai Go.
Tumi sukh jodi nahi pao, jao sukher sondhane jaoami tomare peyechhi hridhoymajhe, ar kichhu nahi chai go.
Ami tomar birohe rohibo bileen, tomate koribo baasdhirgho dibos dhirgho rojoni, dirgho borosh-maas.”
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Association among the layers occurs following the principles of perceptual organization suggested by the Gestalt schools followed by principles of searching.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Principles of Perceptual organization
Figure and GroundSimilarityProximity or contiguityClosureAreaSymmetry
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Searching Principle : Growth of inquisitiveness
Feeling of scattered impulses,needs etc.
Searching cues
Does it give meaningful
pattern ?N Y
“Tomay Natun kare pabo bole harai khane khane .”
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Faulty evolution
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Assumption of Mental Illness
Faulty evolution of layers causes mental illness.Fault occurs due to
– Deformity in 3 layers; (Physiological explanation: sensory limitation, Limbic system/thalamic region problem, Problem in nervous system).
– Faulty learning during the journey (conditioning by faulty reinforcement, faulty attribution).
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Faulty learning
“Swapnamadir neshay mesha e unmattata jagay dehe mone eki bipul byatha” (substance abuse)
“Keteche ekela biraher bela akashkusum chayane” (depression)
Jani tomar ajana nahi go ki ache amar mone.Ami gopan karite chai go, dhara pare du nayane. Ki bolite pache ki boli tai dure chale jai keboli. (Anx. Disorder)
Kandale tumi more bhalobasari ghaye- Nibir bedanate pulak lage gaye (Sadism of hysteric patient)
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Introspection
“Keno jamini na jete”
“ Keno sara din dhire dhire
balu niye shudhu khelo tire.
Chale gelo bela,rekhe miche khela….”
“Sakhi bohe gelo bela, shudhu hasikhela e ki aar bhalo lage”
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Adjusting self
“Amar ekti katha banshi jane,
banshii jane. Bhare railo buker tala,
karo kache hoy ni bola, kebol bole gelam
banshir kane kane ”
“ Ami bhoy karbo na bhoy karbo na”
“Jadi tor daak shune keu na ase tabe ekla chalo re”
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Case Study 1: Where all fail, Rabindrasangeet acts
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Response control of OCD
A woman of 52 years old came to me with complaint of OCD to dirt. Patient reported her inability to control washing compulsion. For last 30 years, she regularly went to toilet for washing and cleaning hands. She always closed her hands tightly so that her hands would be completely cleaned. Before visit to me, she was treated by many psychiatrists and one psychologist. No notable changes are noticed except long time sleep.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Patient’s behaviour
Very inhibitive;Hand clasping tightly;Strong resistance to
open clasping;Non-cooperative to
participate;Not able to administer
any available psychological tests.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Analysis of patient
Patient is searching for dirt in the outer layer. In the inner layer, dirt is perceived as threatening;Patient wants to move away from inner to inner core layer.
For the same, she spends most of the time in worshipping the God and keeping cleanliness.
She is not happy with soaping hands as this can not help her to reach at the innercore layer of consciousness.
This results approach – avoidance conflict. (Approaching to the soap in order to avoid dirt, again few
soaping is not sufficient, so more soaping is required ).
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Analysis of family
Repeated soaping consumes more water;Family assumes that it is unreasonable but
patient assumes it as reasonable ;Family member is not aware of
consciousness dynamics playing inside the patient.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Therpeautic analysis
Target: Preventing clasping hands; Consciousness model:
– Outer layer (Murta) : Dirt perception;– Inner layer (Raaga): Dirt as threat; – Innercore (Saraswat) : Feeling of cleanliness;
Currently, patient is moving around outer and inner layers only. Therapeautic target: Providing her Feeling of cleanliness. Rabindrasangeet is non-dirt area; Explore the song suitable for feeling of non-dirt area;
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Session-1
In the first session, patient was highly inhibitive to reveal herself. Due to difficulty in rapport establishment. I started singing - "Ananda loke, mangala loke" (moving to spiritual land).
Suddenly, she started singing with me in very low voice;
I paid my attention to her and started moving the hands keeping with the rhythm and waves of the song loudly. She participated into my hand movement and sang the song loudly.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Session-2
In the 2nd session after 6 days, the client sang with me same song by standing. She moved her hands above head when she sang " Grahataraka chandra tapana byakula drutabege" (the planets, satellites are moving speedily). It is noted that her hands now completely opened.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Session-3
In the 3rd sitting, patient reported that she alone practiced two songs – "Ektuku chona lage...." (feeling light touch), and – "Eto din je bosechinu" (waiting for long days) at
home. Finally, she sang with me both songs alongwith Ananda loke, danced and she never closed her hands.
Termination : Patient herself is able to prevent stopping hand clasping.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Case Study 2: Geetbitan as Projective test.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
The Variables
Agent
Host
Environment
Dynamics of latent variables
Initial
E
X
P
R
E
S
S
I
O
n
Middle Terminal
A EH
H
H
Johari WindowINVESTIGATOR
C
L
I
E
N
T
Known
Known
Unknown
Unknown
OPEN
DARKBLIND
FAÇADE
Rabindrasangeet
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Exploring techniques
FACADE
DARK
OBSERVATION PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION INTERVIEW FOCUSED GROUP DISCUSSION
FREE ASSOCIATION PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUE DATA MINING
– MAPPING– PROFILING– CAUSAL RELATIONS
Probability for variable exploration
Structured Unstructured
High prob.
Low prob
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Projective test
Individual projects own feelings, conflict and desires on others; Psychologists use several projective tests for analysis of projection
of the patient. Some widely used tests are : Rorschach, TAT, Sentence completion test, Word association test etc.
They explore set of inner dynamics playing latent role in causation of mental illness by analyzing test responses. Later the findings are used for psychotherapy.
When patient is non-cooperative, it becomes difficult to administer projective tests.
Rabindrasangeet acts there.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Theories of hierarchy
Individual by singing, listening develops hierarchy of songs;
Hierarchy depends upon one’s understanding about capability of the song to achieve feeling of completeness.
Hierarchy can be measured using rank order scale. Here is a study:
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Analysis of Projection
A neurotic depressed patient came to me with complaints of suicidal desires. She was co-operative. In stead of using common psychodiagnostic test, I used Geetbitan She was asked to select 10 songs from Geetbitan, the famous Book of songs composed by Rabindranath Tagore.
Patient selected following 10 songs:
1. Akash bhara surya tara2. Aloker ei jharna dharay3. Ananda dhara bahiche bhubane4. Ananda loke mangala loke5. Aji jato tara tabo6. Amar mukti aloy aloy7. Ami chini go chini8. Aro aro prabhu aro aro9. Alo amar alo ogo10. E ki labonye punya
Next, I told her to rank them. Her rank was :First : 3, Second : 10, Third : 4
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Finally, she sang the first rank song (Ananda dhara bohiche bhubane). I followed her in singing.I have noticed that each line of this song reflects her current mental state and it is interesting to note that the song also provides the answer as how to recover from such problems.
I have used that song for her psychological counseling.Therefore, I have developed following assumptions:1. Geetbitan as Psychological test;2. The words of Geetbitan advances knowledge of psychotherapy.
“Anandadhara bahiche bhubane, dinarajani kato amritarasa uthali jay ananta gagane.
Pan kare rabi shashi anjali bhariya- sada dipta rahe akshyaya jyoti- nitya purna dhara jibone kirane.
Bosiya acho keno apanmone, swarthanimagana ki karane?
Chari dike dekho chahi hridaya prasari, khudra dukhosab tuchcha mani
Prem bhariya laho shunya jibone. “
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Case Study 3: Self-understanding
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Complaints
Over learning Poor academic
performance Apprehension of
danger
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Analysis of client
Layer dynamics:– Outer layer (Murta) : Perceiving the book;– Inner layer (Raaga) : Book is perceived as source of completeness;– Innercore (Saraswat) : Feeling of completeness;
Reason for over learning: He tends to be complete being. Problem lies on over study due to extrinsic reading motivation
(reading to get other’s affection, recognition and to avoid punishment);
Target of change : Study for intrinsic motivation (reading to acquire and to apply knowledge, to develop mastery over reading); This helps man to be complete.
Case history : He can play tabla and can sing Rabindrasangeet. It is practiced in family.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Session
Requesting him to sing any song of Tagore;He selected “Jadi tare nai chini go se ki amay nebe
chine ei naba falguner dine---- jani ne, jani ne”. I asked if your book asked you the same what would
be your answer ?He: Jani ne (I do not know)….after brooding…he
said that from today I would study the lesson to understand it.
Termination: Client is able to understand how to be complete.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Some postulates based on Case studies
Man searches for feeling of completeness or harmony among all the impulses or desires scattered in consciousness.
Frustration and conflict occurs when he is searching for harmony around the outer and inner layer of consciousness. His consciousness is guided by Maya (errors).
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Following the principles of pattern perception (Figure-ground, similarity, Proximity or contiguity, Closure, Area, Symmetry), man tends to organize the impulses.
Feeling of incompleteness causes tension and prolonged tension leads to mental illness.
Rabindrasangeet therapy is not simple music therapy as it is not detached from the words. Here each word is very powerful.
Rabindrasangeet therapy acts on both left and right hemispheres of the brain. It appears to me that when left hemisphere resists, right hemisphere stimulates it by the stimulation of Rabindrasangeet. Possibly due to this reason, current OCD patient performs well.
Rabindrasangeet provides feeling of positive well-being. It does not develop any feeling of guilt.
Self-realization comes through spontaneously through Rabindrasangeet.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
In therapy using Rabindrasangeet, therapist should analyze the consciousness layer dynamics for the unreasonable behaviour.
The words of Geetbitan advances knowledge of psychotherapy.
For both co-operative and non co-operative clients, analyst can use Rabindrasangeet to understand above layer dynamics.
By singing the songs and through realization, client sometimes get insight behind the complaints and sort out the path to innercore layer of consciousness.
To sum up, Rabindrasangeet is not the ultimate but acts as the supporting system for psychotherapy.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Future researches (for Bengali Lit)Exploring songs related to different properties of
outer, inner and innercore layers;How do they cause change in changing attitude
towards self and to others across different age groups specially for pediatrics and geriatric groups ?
Explore the songs related to adjustment in crisis situation.
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Future researches (for Psychologists)
How are the three layers associated ? Can we explain the associations in terms of Gestalt theories of perception or learning ?
Why do people find inhibition to move towards saraswat layer ? Is it due to conditioning ?
How can we decondition man using performing art like Rabindrasangeet ?
Does Rabindrasangeet affect both hemisphere of the brain system as it is intermingled with words/ reason (left hemisphere) and music (right hemisphere) ?
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
Acknowledgement
Subir Bose, Sudipta, Susmita of Srijon o Gunjan, Orkut
Ms. Sahana Roy, Dept. Applied Psychology, C.U. , Kathak dancer
Available:http://www.slideshare.net/ddroy/
rabindrasangeet-psychotherapy-consciousness-integral-psychology
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
References
Dutta Roy,D.(2006). Development of picture drawing test to assess consciousness layers of tribal children of Tripura, Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology,Vol. 32, No. 1, 20-25
Dutta Roy, D. (2004). Analysis of drawing of tribal children in Tripura to understand different patterns of consciousness levels. A Quarterly Research Journal on Tribal life and Culture, 13, 45,17-23.
Dutta Roy, D. (2008). Sustainable Reading Motivation. Pratyay, 3, 1, 6-12
Dr.D.Dutta Roy, ISI., Kolkata
NAMASKAR