Headlines

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RADIATION PROTECTION

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Introduction

Radiation protection the main

principal is to those things

which will minimize exposure

of patient and dental personnel

and still provide benefits for

present use of diagnostic

radiography.4

All ionizing radiations are harmful

and produce biological change in

living cells.

It can cause increase risk of

cancers, birth defects ,catracts, etc

CARDINAL PRINCIPAL -

ALARA

AS LOW AS REASONABLE

ACHIEVABLE5

The amount of radiation at

any point depends upon the

distance from the point

source of radiation

Intensity ∞ 1/𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝟐

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Sources

Natural

External

• Cosmic

• Terrestrial

Internal

Artificial

Medical

X-ray diagnosis

Nuclear medicine

Consumer

Occupational

Nuclear fuel cycle

Miscellaneous7

Sources in Dental Radiology

–from source

–from irradiated tissues of patients.

– from X-ray tube head

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PROTECTION

PATIENT

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Protection for operator

Primary X-ray beam

Scattered radiation from irradiated tissues of patient

Leakage radiation through tube head housing.

Scattered X-ray from filters, cones.10

1.Protection from primary source

Effort to be made that operator has a suitable room or

take a suitable position behind wall or a barrier.

Position distance rule - operator should stand at least

6 feet away from source or at the angle of 90 to 135.

If no barrier operator should use lead apron.

Film should be holded by film holding devices.

Avoid holding X-ray tube head of machine. The

suspension arms should be adequately maintained to

prevent housing movement and drift.

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Protection against leakage radiation

Neither the tube housing nor

the cone should be hand held

during exposure.

The machine should be

periodically checked for the

leakage.13

Protection from secondary and scattered radiation

Use of high speed films.

Replace short plastic cone with open ended

lead lined cone.

Use of collimator to reduce diameter of beam.

Use of film badge / Pocket dosimeter for

personnel radiation monitoring.

Adequate filtration of primary beam.

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Protection for patient

Prior exposure

During exposure

After exposure

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Prior exposure

Most important is proper prescription

and details of patients to be taken.

Special care to be taken of women

especially during pregnancy period thus

to avoid complication to fetus.

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Equipment

1.Filters

2.Collimation of bean

3.Position indicating devices

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During exposure

Thyroid collars

Lead aprons

Fast films

Film holding devices

Selection of proper exposure factor

Emulsifying screens

Timers

Good technique19

After exposure

Proper film handling.

Proper processing

Proper interpretation.

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Protection of envirnoment

Beam directed to patient

Lead incorporated in furniture

Patients position

Barium to be used as plaster

(barium plaster)

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Walls of 3 inch concrete.

Continue education

Radiation room at corner and

caution signs.

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Various monitoring devices

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Electrical

Heat

Light

Chemical

Thermoelectric

Electrical

Timble chamber

Ionization chamber

Proportional counter

Griget counter

Heat

Calorimeter

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Film badge

Mercury and copper

filters in rectangle shape

Blackness is to be noted.

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Thermoelectric

Trans illuminator closimeter

Aluminum, lead, empty above nickel

titanium plates with plastic cover.

Thermoflourosence is emission of light

from the stored heat which is developed

during absorption of radiation.

Fluorescence graph is noted after 3

months.26

Every thing comes with a

boon and a curse.

Its just on us how we use it.

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Conclusion

Radiograph is the most important diagnostic tool in

dentistry.

Thus proper protection should be taken while exposing the patient.

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THANK YOU