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Radio Architecture for In-building and
Outdoor Distributed Antenna SystemsIn-building, Near-building, Outdoor, Wireless Backhaul
Markus Berndt,
Business Development Manager,
The Gigabit Society
The Gigabit Society
• Mobile-Data-Growth of Vodafone Europe
– 115% in 1Q 2009 - 2Q 2009,
– 88% from 2Q 2009 - 2Q 2010
• AT&T reports that traffic grew 30-fold
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/
ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/solutions/collateral/ns341/
ns525/ns537/ns705/ns827/white_paper_c11-520862.html
• The forecasted growth in different
parts of the world shows generally a
trend of more than 100% growth
May 17, 2011page 3 /
The Gigabit Society
• Mobile data growth is similar to Internet
• Change from technology push to a
market pull
• Telekom Technology is a data
transport service
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Forecast FTTx , tsd
• ICT services (ex. Digital Video, Video on
Demand), Social Networks, VPN, etc.
• Quadruple Play is including mobile
services in the ICT applications
May 17, 2011page 4 /
Mobile Radio Networks Architecture, Technological Approaches
Decrease of Macro Cell Coverage Effectiveness
• Spectral efficiency of cellular has improved 20x
• But– users have grown 15x– usage has grown 4x– users have moved from
voice to requiring high speed data
– 200x bandwidth increase
• A single cell site that supports 150,000 pops in TDMA will only support 1500 pops in 4G
• Maximum cell sizes in urban areas will shrink from 8 km to a 300 m radius in 4G
• Micros and Picos will predominate
1GAnalog
TDMA
Low Demand for Capacity High
2GDigital TDM
3GDigital CDMA
4GDigital OFDM
GSM
UMTS/HSPA
LTE/WiMAX
Mic
ro
S
ize o
f C
ell S
ite M
acro
May 17, 2011page 6 /
User Density
cover only Small # large
macro s outdoor
C-Netz/NMT/TACS
1G
Analog
2G
Digital TDM
GSM
larger # macro s; Indoor
coverage w/ more power;
Some micro in dense urban
UMTS/HSPA
3G
Digital CDMA
Thin macro overlays Dense
micro under lays DAS for
large buildings
4G
Digital OFDM
Micros for outdoor; DAS &
Pico for enterprise; femto for
residential
Voice Driven Data Driven
Traffic/User
LTE/WiMax
Capacity Limited
Coverage Limited
Network EvolutionThe Service Delivery Challenge
May 17, 2011page 7 /
User Density
cover only Small # large
macro s outdoor
Digital Dividen LTE
– 800 MHz
900 ,1800 MHz
GSM/UMTS /LTE
larger # macro s; Indoor
coverage w/ more power;
Some micro in dense urban
UMTS/HSPA/ LTE
2100 MHz
Thin macro overlays Dense
micro under lays DAS for
large buildings
2600 MHz
Micros for outdoor; DAS &
Pico for enterprise; femto for
residential
Voice Driven Data Driven
Traffic/User
LTE/WiMax
Capacity Limited
Coverage Limited
Network Evolution4G/LTE – Evolution: Heterogeneous Networks
May 17, 2011page 8 /
Heterogeneous Networks
– 800 MHz
– 800 MHz
– 800 MHz
900 ,1800 MHz
2100 MHz
2600 MHz
– 800 MHz
2100 MHz
May 17, 2011page 9 /
FTTx
• FTTx rollout increases globally
• Fiber availability is mandatory
for Next Generation
Wireless Networks
• According to the German Telekom :
• Fixed Line Data Traffic
will five fold by 2012
• Wireless it is assumed
to grow by the factor of 60
•Fiber will be key to the success of Wireless and
Fixed Line Next Generation Networks
May 17, 2011page 10 /
Distributed Antenna Systems DAS
Repeaters Pico-,
Femtocells
Passive DAS
Active DAS
Distributed Antenna Systems DAS
May 17, 2011page 12 /
Repeater
• Repeater
– BDA – Bi-Directional Amplifier
– Small coverage areas
– relatively quick installation
– Extension of donor cell, usually
outdoor cell
– Locks coverage and capacity
– Backcoupling and noise may be
limiting the performance
Finger-C
Ankomsthal
Finger-B
Vesthal
Finger-A
Afgangshal
8dBi
8dBi
8dBi
8dBi
8dBi
8dBi
8dBi
8dBi
147,5 m 1 5/8"
135,8 m 1 5/8"
17,6m 7/8"
45m 7/8"
90 m 7/8"
70,6 m 7/8" 26,7 m 1/2"
28,4 m 7/8"
288,4 m 1 5/8"17,4 m 7/8"
90,7m 7/8"
68 m 7/8"
16,5 m 7/8"
41,6 m 7/8"
25,2
m 7
/8"
2,59dB3,72dB
0,97dB
3,44dB
0,45dB
1,53dB
3,52dB
1,73dB2,74dB
0,59dB7,59dB
0,8
7dB
0,72dB
1,43dB 3,64dB
2.29dB
KABEL-SKAKT
3 dB
Power splitter
K 63 20 63 7
1,5
m L
CF
1/2
"
1,5
m L
CF
1/2
"
1,5m LCF 1/2"
0,5m LCF 1/2"
1,5m LCF 1/2"0,5m RG58
2,0
m R
G5
83
,0m
LC
F 1
/2"
0,5
m L
CF
1/2
"
0,5m LCF 1/2"
1,0
m R
G5
80
,5m
RG
58
0,3
5m
RG
58
N
N
N
N
N
N
0,5m LCF 1/2"
1,5
m R
G5
80
,75
m R
G5
8
N
N
3 dB
8dBi
2,0
m R
G5
8
NTerminal-3
5 dB
Finger Vest
(Outdoor)
15.5
dBi
5 dB
Power splitter
K 63 20 63 7
N
71,0 m 7/8"
2
5
6
1
7
8
9
172 m 1 5/8"
160 m 1 5/8"
74 m 7/8"
25 m 7/8"
3 dB
25,2
m 7
/8"
25,2
m 7
/8"
0,8
7dB
0,8
7dB
10
Power splitter
K 63 20 62 7
BS
T/RX Rx
Sek-1
1:3
UL
DL
Repeater BDA
UL
DL
Repeater BDA
UL
DL
Repeater BDA
UL
DL
Repeater BDA
May 17, 2011page 13 /
Pico-, Femtocells
• Pico-, Femtocell
– Easy installation
– Transmission via „dsl“
– Seems to be efficient for domestic applications
– Locks coverage and capacity to single location
– Quick solution for temporary coverage or small
offices
– In combination with an Active DAS a smart
solution for offices and even bigger building
• With Active DAS coverage and capacity can
be unlocked (see next page)
May 17, 2011page 14 /
56,25 sq. ft.
6524,00 sq. ft.
up
10'-0"
12'-1/
4"
11'-3
"
8 ft. 11,0 in. x 4 ft. 5,5 in.
Pico
TE Con
Accel
56,25 sq. ft.
6524,00 sq. ft.
up
10'-0"
12'-1/
4"
11'-3
"
8 ft. 11,0 in. x 4 ft. 5,5 in.
Pico
Pic
o
Pic
o
56,25 sq. ft.
6524,00 sq. ft.
up
10'-0"
12'-1/
4"
11'-3
"
8 ft. 11,0 in. x 4 ft. 5,5 in.
PicoPico
Pico
TE ConAccel
11,85E
• Optimise capacityFeeding the 3 Pico Cells into a DAS will do a 100% overlap, increasing pool capacity, Trunking gain
• Optimise ROIThe same 3 Pico cells can be used to cover more floors when feed to a DAS.
• Optimise BSS costs• Save Power / Installation
Costs, Use existing CAT5
•GOS @ 0.5 %; simplified capacity calculation
56,25 sq. ft.
6524,00 sq. ft.
up
10'-0"
12'-1/
4"
11'-3"
8 ft. 11,0 in. x 4 ft. 5,5 in.
Pico
Pic
o
Pic
o 2,15E 2,15E
6,66E
11,85E
Good coverage, but bad utilization of the Pico capacity
High BSS costs
Large HO zones (capacity / Quality degradation)
Approach: Pico-, Femtocells:
Unlocking Coverage and Capacity3 Pico cell feeding Accel, Capacity
May 17, 2011page 15 /
Passive DAS
• Passive DAS
– Hard to design and redesign
– Long implementation time
– Passive loses
• Splitters, losses, Cable losses
(½” - 1 5/8” Coax Cable)
– Installation challenges (expensive)
• Physical dimensions of cables
– Bend radius; Length (losses)
– Lack of surveillance
• No errors detected
• VSWR/antenna surveillance impossible
• Loss of traffic
– Well known components
– Many designs (experience)
– Individual component cost low
– Ideal for small areas,
with easy access to install. trays etc.
May 17, 2011page 16 /
Passive DAS
1:4
BS
T/RX Rx
Sek-1
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
1:2
2
dBi
1:2
1:4
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
1:2
2
dBi
-3dB
-3dB
-6dB
-1dB
-7dB
-1dB
-7dB
-3dB
-6dB
-7dB
-7dB
-1dB
-1dB
Splitter / Tapper losses
-16dB
Cable losses
-2dB
-2dB
-17dB
-19dB
-14dB
-11dB
-3dB
-18dB
-7dB
-7dB
-9dB
-5dB
-3dB
40dBm-3dBm
-
12dB
m
-7dB
+1dB
m
-
1dBm
-
3dBm
0dBm
-
7dBm
-3dB
1:2 1:3 1:4
Tapper 7/1Two splitter Three splitter Four splitter
InputInput Input Input
-3dB -5dB -6dB
-
1d
B-7dB
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
500 800 1000 1296 1500 1800 2000 2400 3000
Att
en
in
dB
Freq. in MHz
Typ. Attenuation RG 58
– Passive loss in example is very high
– Uplink Performance may suffer, Noise Figure
– Performance is different for different
Freq. Bands,
May 17, 2011page 17 /
Aktive Systems
• High Power Systems
– Hybrid-systeme
• Active Remote Heads; Passive DAS
– Outdoor DAS
• BTS Hotel; Fiber Network
• Low Power Systems
– Usage of CAT5/6 or CATV cable to connect to
the Radio Access Unit (RAU)
– RAU: +26dBm composite power (GSM)
– “Zero loss” System
– RAU do not need extra power supply
MasterRemote
Head
May 17, 2011page 18 /
Link Budget
Passive LOSS
1:4
BS
T/RX Rx
Sek-1
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
1:2
2
dBi
1:2
1:4
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
2
dBi
1:2
2
dBi
-3dB
-3dB
-6dB
-1dB
-7dB
-1dB
-7dB
-3dB
-6dB
-7dB
-7dB
-1dB
-1dB
Splitter / Tapper losses
-16dB
Cable losses
-2dB
-2dB
-17dB
-19dB
-14dB
-11dB
-3dB
-18dB
-7dB
-7dB
-9dB
-5dB
-3dB
40dBm-3dBm
-
12dB
m
-7dB
+1dB
m
-
1dBm
-
3dBm
0dBm
-
7dBm
-3dB
1:2 1:3 1:4
Tapper 7/1Two splitter Three splitter Four splitter
InputInput Input Input
-3dB -5dB -6dB
-
1d
B-7dB
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
500 800 1000 1296 1500 1800 2000 2400 3000
Att
en
in
dB
Freq. in MHz
Typ. Attenuation RG 58
– Passive loss maybe very high
– Uplink Performance may suffer, Noise Figure
– Performance is different for different
Freq. Bands,
May 17, 2011page 20 /
What happens with the Noise / Loss,
When Using Remote Antenna Units?
BS
T/R Rx
Sek-1
2
dBiLGC ActivePassive Loss = 25dB
NF16dB
NF4dB
BS
T/R Rx
Sek-1
2
dBi
Passive Loss = 25dB
NF4dB
Stage 1Stage 2
P (2dB loss
/ 2dB gain)Stage 1Stage 2Stage 3
Passive System
LGC Active added
This is standard cascaded amplifier noise
calculations This is why most 3G operators uses tower LNA/TMA
To increase coverage (UL limited)
To reduce rollout costs
To increase revenue
This can also be used indoors
In this example the NF is improved 11,55 dB
This improves the indoor coverage from the antenna from
1307m2 to 5808 m2, 444% (UMTS 384kps, moderate
dense indoor environment
Cascaded noise calculation (Noise Factor)
Fs = F1+ G1
F2 -1
G1 G2
F3 -1+ +........+
G1 G2 G3...... G(n-1)
Fn -1
Loss
=
Noise May 17, 2011page 21 /
HSDPA performance and Link Budget
• Deep indoor penetration in dense areas are a major challenge
• To solve the coverage issue, microcells are often deployed in high use areas in city
centers
• But this does not cure the dominance problem for HSDPA……..
• The key to high data speed is to provide good cell isolation/dominance
HSDPA Service SIR [dB] SIR 90% Conf.
[dB]
DL: 360k - 7 3.4
DL: 480k - 5 5.4
DL: 720k - 0.5 9.9
DL: 3.6M 1 11.4
DL: 7.2M 6 16.4
DL: 10.7M 10.5 20.9
HSDPA performance vs. isolation, 90% confidence is the goal
May 17, 2011page 22 /
HSDPA performance and Link Budget
Coverage level is perfect
• The coverage level is high, better than -70dBm
• The UMTS/HSDPA sites use the same CH
• No Soft HO in HSDPA
• Sites will produce interference in the building, due to lack
of dominance
Lack of dominance, not coverage
• Interference from the sites inside the building (dark area)
• Not able to perform high HSDPA speeds in major part of the
building (only in the white area)
• HSDPA will be less than 500k in most of the indoor area
• Limited by lack of isolation, not lack of coverage
<7dB
>7dB
Cell areas Isolation
Inside of a building; full coverage in terms of RF signal level, but lack of dominance
Inside of a building; low isolation between cells, limited HSDPA performance
Cell A
Cell B
Cell B
Cell A
Cell B
Cell A
Building covered from nearby macro sites
May 17, 2011page 23 /
The Link Budget
The Link Budget:
• RSSI Target levels (s/n) UL/DL
• Noise Figure
• MS (Ue) and BS (Node-B) UL/DL data
• Service requirements
• Fading and margins
•UL&DL I/f
• Output : Maximum allowed Path Loss
• Will be limited of the UL or DL (UMTS)
• In GSM DL limited (95%)
May 17, 2011page 24 /
Active DAS Solutions
Aktive DAS Solutions
• High Power Systems
– Hybrid-System
• Active Remote Heads; Passive DAS
– Outdoor DAS
• BTS Hotel; Fiber Network
• Low Power Systems
– Usage of CAT5/6 or CATV cable to connect to
the Radio Access Unit (RAU)
– RAU: +26dBm composite power (GSM)
– “Zero loss” System
– RAU do not need extra power supply
MasterRemote
Head
May 17, 2011page 26 /
Low-Power or In-Building Active DAS
Low-Power or In-Building Active DAS-
Architecture
Low-Cost-Cabling:
Cat 5e/6 LAN or CATV-Coax-Cable
BS
RF over SM- or MM-fibre,
analog transport !
RF 50 Ohm Antenna
Alarm monitoring
Ext. Alarm to BS
Alarm monitoring
Alarm monitoring for more then 60 Parameter!
May 17, 2011page 28 /
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
Ac
ce
l1
23
45
67
8
RT
Pic
o
RT
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
Ac
ce
l1
23
45
67
8
RT
Pic
o
RT
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
Ac
ce
l1
23
45
67
8
RT
Pic
o
RT
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
1:2
2
dB
i2
dB
i
RAU
Ac
ce
l1
23
45
67
8
RT
Pic
o
RT
Active DAS,Also for small buildings
TE AccelStandard 50ohm i/f to BS / repeaterCAT5 distributionExelent RF UL/DL performance
Low-Power or In-Building Active DAS
Active “Modules” = Scalability from S to XXL
Using the Pico solution, together with ADC-Accel,
gives you with a scalable modular design.
• In modules of 4 / 8 antennas
• Economical attractive for small indoor DAS
• From 4 antennas and up.
• HUB modules with 4 or 8 ports
• Easy to sectorize
• Flexible
1:2
2dB
i2dB
i
RAU
1:2
2dB
i2dB
i
RAU
1:2
2dB
i2dB
i
RAU
1:2
2dB
i2dB
i
RAU
Accel1 2 3 4
R T
Pico
R T
20 users 1200+ users
May 17, 2011page 29 /
Low-Power or In-Building Active DAS
• Small remote units can virtually
be placed everywhere.
• Supports a real radio design,
antenna positioning and defined service quality
• The usages of Linear Power Amplifier (LPA) for
the downlink and Low Noise Amplifiers (LNA) for
the uplink are supporting especially data services
• An LNA directly at the antenna is providing a
homogeneous noise figure for the Uplink and
leads to homogenous quality perception
May 17, 2011page 30 /
Low-Power or In-Building Active DAS
• Quick and straight forward planning
and straight project management
• The simple and straight forward cable
infrastructure is installed quick and easy,
even when the building is already in operation
• Extension and amendments are done quickly
• Supervision down to the antenna supports
quality and services
• Passive inter-modulations are not likely to hap-
pen and cheaper „low power components” can
be used
May 17, 2011page 31 /
Installations - Example
• Unison Expansion Hub
Installation in ITC closet, or rooms
without public access
• Remote Units and Antenna
discreet installation, integrated
in the building
May 17, 2011page 32 /
Installations - Example
• Fusion Main Hub
Installation in ITC closet, or rooms
without public access
May 17, 2011page 33 /
Low-Power or In-Building Active DAS:
LTE MIMO Support
• Active DAS architecture supports two
individual radio path; TE Connectivity Fusion
System is also easy to install
• TE has shipped well over 200 LTE systems
to date, which includes over 3000 RAUs. The
majority of these are MIMO-based systems
(80%).
• Some of the more noteworthy installations
include:
– The headquarters of a major wireless carrier (delivering
38 Mbps on the downlink and 12 Mbps on the uplink)
– A very large corporate campus in Silicon Valley
(>20 Mbps downlink and >15 Mbps on the uplink)
May 17, 2011page 34 /
Low-Power or In-Building Active DAS
LTE MIMO Support
• TE’s internal testing demonstrates the practical
benefits of MIMO, which improves signal quality with
MIMO spatial diversity, or throughput with MIMO
spatial multiplexing.
• The MIMO spatial multiplexing mode delivers
significantly higher throughput for mobile networks
without the need for additional spectrum.
• At a time when 4G network bandwidth will be a key
advantage in a service offering, MIMO makes sense
for all mobile operators.
May 17, 2011page 35 /
High-Power or Outdoor DAS
High-Power or Outdoor DAS
Hybrid-System
• Active Remote Heads;
• Passive DAS
Outdoor DAS
• BTS Hotel;
• Fiber Network
MasterRemote
Head
May 17, 2011page 37 /
High-Power DAS : Hybrid-System
• High Power Systems
– Hybrid-System
• Combination of Active and Passive DAS
• Used for example in Stadium
• In-building Applications: combines the
advantages of pure Active DAS with a
Passive DAS.
• Performance limited by capabilities of
Passive DAS
Master Remote
Head
Antennas for GSM900/DCS1800/UMTS
GSM900
May 17, 2011page 38 /
High-Power DAS : Hybrid-System
• High Power Systems
– Hybrid-System
• Very suitable for Tunnel applications (Metro Tunnel, Highway, Trains, etc)
• Can drive Leaky feeder or Antenna System easily
• Unlock Coverage and Capacity
1
2GRF
High-speed RF Transport
NetworkBase Station Hotel
Tunnels & Canyon CoverageMetro Coverage and Capacity
Multiplexed Digital Transport
3GRF
4GOBSAI/CPRI
Prism HostMultiplexed Protocols
Schematische Darstellung Faserbedarf für Remote System (Digital)
Opt. Splitter
Remote Head (Digital)
Opt. Splitter
Remote Head (Digital)
Host Unit
Station
1Station
4……..
GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, …GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, …
Station
8……..
Host Unit
Station
1Station
4……..
GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, …GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS, …
Station
8
Station
8……..
May 17, 2011page 39 /
May 17, 2011page 40 /
High-Power DAS : Why Outdoor-DAS
• High-speed data delivery requires small cells
– Fill coverage gaps,
– Decrease user density per sector & improve uplink balance
– Inward facing s maximize spectral utilization
• Efficiencies using centralized networks
– BTS hotels
– Time-to-market
– Ease of maintenance
– Single RAN support
• Maximize capacity/resource utilization
– Multi-band/protocol/channel/vendor systems
– Simulcast
– Greener choice
High-Power DAS: Outdoor DAS
• Distribute wireless services to remote antenna sites
• Zero footprint, multi-band/service antenna solution
• Enables centralized Base Station “Hotels”, BTS agnostic
• Point-to-multipoint solution, efficiently manage coverage & capacity
2GRF
High-speed
RF Transport
NetworkBase Station Hotel
Tunnels & Canyon CoverageMetro Coverage and Capacity
3GRF
4GOBSAI/
CPRI
Prism HostMultiplexed Protocols
May 17, 2011page 41 /
High-Power DAS: Outdoor DAS
TE Prism Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
• Traditional (Analog) limits reached
• “Analog” from BTS to UE
• Build new Site
• Site expansion not
always practical
• Data demand outstrips “analog”
capabilities
• Introduction of DAS (looks a lot like
DLC)
May 17, 2011page 42 /
High-Power DAS: Outdoor DAS
Flexible Network Expansion
• Network capacity/quality at limits or new
services introduced
• Fixed network design necessitates new site
development
• Coverage & capacity locked leaving some
resources underutilized
• Network capacity/quality at limits or new
services introduced
• Flexible network design facilitates rapid
new site implementation
• Simulcast unlocks coverage from capacity,
maximizing resource utilization
Traditional Networks DAS Networks
Split sService
Overlay
May 17, 2011page 43 /
Outdoor DAS: High Speed Data Delivery Needs
Gap Fill & Data Performance
• Cell radius shrinks due to capacity &
data needs
• Prism efficiently fills coverage gaps
creating small cells
• Smaller s benefit next generation data
services
– Improve traffic model by reducing
users per sector
– Optimize data performance by
improving uplink balance
• radius reduced up to 50% to
achieve DSL equivalent data rates
May 17, 2011page 44 /
Outdoor DAS: High Speed Data Delivery Needs
Gap Fill & Data Performance
• Cell radius shrinks due to capacity &
data needs
• Prism efficiently fills coverage gaps
creating small s
• Smaller cells benefit data services
• Impr. Traffic - reducing users per sector
• Optimize data performance
by improving uplink balance
May 17, 2011page 45 /
Outdoor DAS: Prism Case Study
Challenge
• Increase in subscribers, introduction of
data & video services and use of upper
end frequencies is creating coverage
holes in current networks– CAPEX required to build new site
– Time consuming municipal approvals to zone
new site
– Higher churn due to inconsistent service,
poor data rates
– 4G services will require small s to achieve
proper uplink balance
TE Connectivity Solution
• Use Prism to feed from current BTS
sites to fill coverage holes– Use of existing resources minimizes
CAPEX needs
– Small, multi-use remote offers minimal
footprint & easy to zone
– Feed TE Connectivity InterReach in-
building products to offer ubiquitous
coverage solutions
Macro Back-fill/In-fill
May 17, 2011page 46 /
4G
S84G
S7
4G
S6
4G
S5
4G
S24G
S3
May 17, 2011page 47 /
Outdoor DAS: High Speed Data Delivery Needs
Inward Facing cells
• Spectral needs of 4G data, 10 MHz+, limit channel re-use &
physical separation
• Utilize Prism Simulcast feature to direct sector inward upon itself
– Creates knife edge boundaries eliminating inter- interference
– 100% max data performance within s
• Multi-band remotes & Digital Simulcast feature enable flexibility in
network evolution
– Select remotes & increase simulcast ratio for 2G or 3G services
– Simulcast ensures maximum resource utilization by decreasing
the simulcast ratio as capacity demands dictate
4G
S1
4G
S4
2G or 3G
Overlay
6:1 Simulcast
Day 1 (all S7)
May 17, 2011page 48 /
High-Power DAS: Outdoor DAS
Centralized Networks
• Digital Simulcast enables movement/migration
of capacity when/where needed
– Natural time-of-day movement of traffic
– Special or one-time events
• Reduce number of BTS sectors required
– Fewer BTS, trunks, site development
– Resulting in 40% to 50% savings over
traditional
Prism Traditional
Number of BTS Sectors 6 16
Number of Trunks 6 16
Bands per Site 3 3
Pole Attachments 16 48
Freeway CBD Stadium TOTAL
Work Day 1 4 1 6
Rush Hour 2 3 1 6
Game Day 1 1 4 6
Time-of-Day
Capacity
Movement
Special Event
Capacity
Movement
BTS Hotel
Shared GPON for Wireless Services
• Co-locate BTS with OLT – Base Station Hotel
– Reduced BTS site development expenses
– Reduce visual impact of traditional shelters
– Infrastructure in place – backhaul, HVAC, back-up power, etc.
• Improve wireless services to the residences
– Improved coverage & capacity
– Greater proximity to user providing superior voice quality & data rates
– Minimal visual impact – blend into environment
DAS over Spare Fiber to Deliver Wireless Services
• Fully utilize fiber plant to ONT to
feed DAS Remotes
– Fiber pair per DAS remote serves
typically .40 km radius
May 17, 2011page 49 /
Centrally Locate BTS
Assets
Robust & Efficient Fiber Optic
Transport
Compact, Multi-service Remote
Radio Head• Multi-service solution to
deliver macro, micro, pico
coverage & capacity
• CAPEX & OPEX
efficiencies with central
BTS suites
• Enables efficient utilization
of spectrum & backhaul
resources
• Delivers proximity to users
enabling quality voice &
robust data services
Prism Multi-service PlatformWireless Service Aggregation, Transport & Distribution
May 17, 2011page 50 /
May 17, 2011page 51 /
Benefits of Outdoor-DAS
• The Digital simulcast allows to manage individual cells,
to add carrier or change sectorization,
• An Outdoor DAS minimize interference using inward facing cells
as well as to add capacity
• Calculating the trunking gain it can be seen
that the number of carrier for that area can be reduced
by 40% or more depending on the application
• Providing a gap-fill to existing sites because of the changed
coverage reach for mobile data
• Unlocking coverage and capacity allows
an intelligent management and a better utilization of resources
• Fast rollout of new services and (Killer-) applications
• Integration into street furniture and the efficient deployment of
micro- or pico-cells with “roof top”
and, or “below roof top” coverage solutions a Outdoor DAS
improves the overall quality and the data through put
• Centralized resources allowing a more efficient management
of the network from the radio as well as from
the operational perspective
SUMMARY
May 17, 2011page 53 /
Summary
• In-building ,Outdoor Active DAS are viable and cost-
efficient way to manage today’s requirements regarding
time to service and mobile data growth.
• Active DAS solutions are in commercial use and provide a
time and cost saving way to manage mobile data.
• Because of the benefits in terms of performance and
management efficiencies an Active DAS is individually as
well as in combination (In-building as well as Outdoor) a
smart, attractive solution and alternative to the traditional
macro site rollout.
• The perceived quality of the mobile data networks and the
related support infrastructure becomes a mayor
differentiator as well as the time to respond to new
services:
• An Active DAS is an efficient technology to manage
mobile data growth.
