Date post: | 06-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | heba-s-radaideh |
View: | 222 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 25
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
1/25
Thyroid GlandThyroid Gland
2 Lobes (C5-T1)
&
isthmus
(2nd & 3rd tracheal rings)
Covered by pretracheal layer
Of deep cervical fascia
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
2/25
Thyroid RelationsThyroid Relations
Anterolateral:
sup. Belly of omo. (upper)
ant. border of SCM (lower)
sternohyoid & sternothyroid
muscles (middle)
Medial:
thyroid & cricoid cartilages(upper)
upper 6 tracheal rings (lower)
Posterior:
CCA
inf. thyroid a.
parathyroid glands
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
3/25
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
4/25
Vasculature of Thyroid GlandVasculature of Thyroid Gland
Read your text for detailed
arterial bld. Supply & venous
drainage of the thyroid gland
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
5/25
Clinical Notes:Clinical Notes:
Thyroid GlandThyroid Gland
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
6/25
Pyramidal Lobe of Thyroid GlandPyramidal Lobe of Thyroid Gland
Accessory thyroid tissue superior to the isthmus of the gland
- Attached sup. To hyoid bone
- 50% of population
- A remnant of thyroglossal duct:
endodermal tube carrying thyroid
forming tissue from post. 1/3 of
the tongue in the embryo
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
7/25
Risks of Surgery on Thyroid GlandRisks of Surgery on Thyroid Gland
Thyroid surgery is often necessitated due to several reasons,mainly neoplastic growth (cancer) into the gland
Risks:
1. Recurrent laryngeal nerve dysphonia (hoarseness)
2. Parathyroid glands:
inadvertent removalserum Ca2+ Tetany
3. Postoperative Bleeding:
2 a. + 3 v.
* hemorrhage can be confined within the space
surrounded by pretracheal fascia compress the
trachea
difficulty in breathing
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
8/25
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
9/25
TetanyTetanygeneralized convulsive disorder characterized by
involuntary muscle spasms
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
10/25
Radiological AnatomyRadiological Anatomyof Head & Neckof Head & Neck
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
11/25
Radiographic PrinciplesRadiographic Principles
1. The radiograph is a record of radiodensity of structuresThrough which x-ray beam has passed:
Radiodensity: (radioopacityradiolucency)
bone > soft tissue > space (air)
Tooth: enamel > dentin & cementum > pulp
2. The radiograph is a 2-dimensional representation of
3-dimensional objects:
superimposition
3. Magnification:
x-ray beam spreads
depends on distance between ??
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
12/25
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
13/25
Head & Neck RadiographyHead & Neck Radiography
Extra-Oral:
Post.-Ant. of skull
lat. View of the skull
oblique post.-ant. (occipitomental)
Panorama
Intra-Oral:
Bitewing
Periapical
Occlusal
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
14/25
Post.Post. Ant. of The SkullAnt. of The Skull
Forehead & nose against the
film cassette
X-ray tube perpendicular to
the film at level of??
X-ray beam passes from post.
to ant.
Forcranial vault examination(fractures)
& frontal air sinuses
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
15/25
Lateral View of The SkullLateral View of The Skull
Sagittal plane parallel
to the cassette.
X-ray tube is centered
over the region of
??
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
16/25
Lateral View of The SkullLateral View of The Skull
For:
Cranial base & vault
examination
diploic bone str.(tables of c.v. bones)
Paranasal sinuses:
frontal, maxillary,
sphenoidal, mastoid
ethmoid (obsecured)
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
17/25
Occipitomental (oblique PA)Occipitomental (oblique PA)
Chin touching the cassette &
head tilted backwards (45O)
For:
Investigation of max. sinus
Avoid superimposition by
petrous part of temporal bone
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
18/25
Panoramic RadiographPanoramic RadiographFor:
Mandibular Fractures
Minor Oral Surgeries (MOS):
Extraction of impacted
wisdom teeth
Orthodontics
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
19/25
Bitewing RadiographsBitewing Radiographs
Taken in initial & routine
dental examination
To disclose caries in post.
teeth*specially class II
Provides view of the
crowns & pulp chambers
only
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
20/25
Periapical RadiographsPeriapical Radiographs
To examine the roots of teeth &surrounding tissues
Fields of Application:
Endodontics
Perodontics
Crowns & Bridges
(Post & Core)
Extraction of curved orremnant roots
*14 films are required for entire
dentition
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
21/25
Surface AnatomySurface Anatomy
of The Head & Neckof The Head & Neck
Self ReadingSelf Reading
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
22/25
Midline StructuresMidline Structures
Symphesis Menti: union of 2 halves of mandible in midline
Hyoid Bone: U-shaped bone located in midline posterior to the
mandible & at the level of C3
Thyroid Cartilage: located at level of C4-C5, easily felt & moves
with swallowing
Suprasternal Notch: between medial ends of clavicles & opposite
to lower border of T2 vertebra
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
23/25
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
24/25
Arterial PulsesArterial Pulses
Carotid Pulse: opposite to anterior border of SCM
(Common carotid artery)
Facial Pulse: palpated on the inferior border of the mandible
(facial artery)
Temporal Pulse: palpated anterior to the auricle of the ear,
specifically opposite to the tragus.
(superficial temporal artery)
8/3/2019 Radio Graphic Surface Anatomy of Head Neck E-learning
25/25
Lateral & Posterior LandmarksLateral & Posterior Landmarks
LateralZygomatic Arch: from anterior aspect beneath the orbit to the ear,
it provide attachment for masseter muscle
Mastoid process of temporal bone: projects downwards forwards
behind the ear
Posterior
External Occipital Protuberance (EOP): at midline posteriorly
Superior Nuchal Line: curved ridge that runs laterally from EOP to
the mastoid process