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CHAPTER 10( RADIOACTIVE) PAPER 1

1 The diagram shows the path of radioactive rays, S and T. 

Ray S 

Ray T

  Paper Aluminium foil Lead

Which of the following shows the type of ray S and ray T

Ray S Ray T 

A α    βB α    γ  

C β  γ  

D γ     β

! The ta"le shows the half#lives of radioisotopes $, %, L and &.

Which of the radioisotopes is most suita"le as a tracer in the human "ody

A $B %C LD &

Radioisotope 

Half-life

  $

%

L

&

  ' days 

() days 

(.!* years 

) hours

1

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+ o"alt#)- destroys cancer cells "ecause it

A has a long half#lifeB has no side effectC radiates gamma raysD decays spontaneously

!--

1 Which of the following pairs of atoms can act as an impurity to produce an n#typesemiconductor when doped into a pure semiconductor

A /oron and phosphorus

B  Arsenic and antimonyC 0ndium and galliumD  Antimony and gallium

! The graph shows the decay curve of a radioactive material.

0f the initial activity of the radioactive material is '-- counts per minute, what isthe activity after 1 hour

A --B !--C 1--D (-E !(

2

400

800

15

0

0

 Activitycounts per minute

Timeminutes

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+ The diagram shows a series of radioactive decays for the nucleus of uranium#!+' tothat of radium#!!).

  2ucleon num"er 3A4

  !+' 5

 !+ 5

!+-

!!)

!!! Proton'* '' '6 6- 61 6! num"er 374

What is the num"er of alpha particles and "eta particles emitted during this

process

The number of alpha particles The number of beta particles

A ! +B + !C 1D 1 1

Which of the following has a similar characteristic to β#particles

A ProtonB 8lectronC 9elium nucleusD 8lectromagnetic wave

3

Th

Th

Ra

Pa

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!--(

1 The following e:uation represents the decay of a uranium nucleus.

 

What are the values of ; and y

< yA - 1B 1 1C 1 !D ! !

! What is the radioisotope that can "e used to determine the age of a fossil

A Radon#!!!B 5ranium#!+'C ar"on#1D 0odine#1+1

+ Which of the following statements is a characteristic of gamma radiation

A 0t has a positive chargeB 0t is an electromagnetic waveC 0t has a higher ioni=ing power than alpha radiationD 0t has a lower penetrating power than "eta radiation

!--)

4

238

92

230

90

0

-1

4

2U Th x   e Hey+ +

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1 The diagram shows three types of radioactive rays, and 7, directed towards asheet of paper, a sheet of aluminium and a sheet of lead.

<

  >

7

  Paper Aluminium Lead

Which of the following rays are represented "y and 7

< > 7

A  Alpha ?amma /etaB /eta Alpha ?ammaC ?amma Alpha /etaD ?amma /eta Alpha

! The initial mass of a radioactive element is 1- g and its half#life is ) days.Which of the following statements a"out the mass of the radioactive element is true

A ) days earlier, the mass is !- gB 1! days earlier, the mass is '- gC ) days later, the mass is !.( gD 1! days later, the mass is (.- g

+ Which statement is true a"out the use of radioactive su"stance

A To determine the se; of a foetusB To determine the contents in the "aggage of the air plane passengersC To detect lea@age in underground pipesD To identify counterfeit "an@#notes

!--*

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1 A negatively charged particle moves towards a nucleus of an atom.Which of the following diagram shows the correct path of the particle

2. Ta"le 1 shows the half#lives of four types of li:uid isotopes which radiate  β# particles.

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Which of the following isotopes is suita"le to detect "lood clotting

 A. P/. . RB. S

+. 0n the fission reaction for an atom of uranium#!+(, the energy produced is !.6 ; 1-#11

$.What is the total loss of mass in the reaction

 A. +.!! ; 1-#!' @g/. 6.)* ; 1-#!- @g. !.)1 ; 1-)  @gB. 1.-+ ; 1-16  @g

PAPER 2

!--+ 3S8T0C2 4

1 As a researcher, you are assigned to investigate the characteristics of a certainradioactive isotope that could "e used to detect the thic@ness of paper in a paperfactory.

3a4 What does the term isotope mean D 1 mar@E

3"4 The ta"le "elow shows the characteristics of five isotopes.

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/ased on the ta"le a"oveF

3i4 8;plain the suita"le characteristics of the isotopes so that it can "eused to measure the thic@ness of paper in a paper industry.

3ii4 Select the most suita"le isotope to "e used in detecting the thic@nessof paper in the factory and give your reasons.

D 1- mar@sE

3c4 Suggest "riefly the arrangement of the paper thic@ness detector apparatus andstate how radioactivity is used to detect the thic@ness of the paper.

D + mar@sE

3d4 S@etch a graph of activity against time to illustrate how radioactive materialsdecay. 5se your graph to e;plain how the half#life is determined. D mar@sE

3e4 The half#life of co"alt#)- is ( years.

alculate the time ta@en for the activity of this isotope to decay to 1!.(G of itsinitial value. D ! mar@sE

  IsotopeState of matte 

Emmitedadiatio!

Half-life Pe!etati!"po#e 

Strontium#6-

o"alt#)-

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!-- 3S8T0C2 /4

1 Production of nuclear energy and detecting the volume of a material are twoe;amples of the use of radioactive materials in industry.

Ta"le !.1 shows an e:uation of a reaction and total atomic mass "efore and after a

nuclear fission.

&'%lea fissio!

  /efore reaction After reaction

TA/L8 !.1

Ta"le !.! shows an e:uation of a reaction and total atomic mass "efore and after anuclear fusion.

  &'%lea f'sio!

  /efore reaction After reaction

8:uation H H H ! H

Total atomic mass !-.-)-'! a.m.u !+6.'('+- a.m.u

8:uation H H H

  Total atomicmass (.-+-1+ a.m.u (.-1-+ a.m.u9

!+66

1(()

6++'

1-

1-  /a Sr 8nergynnPu

3

1

4

2

1

0H He n Energy21 H

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TA/L8 !.!

3a4 3i4 What is meant "y a nuclear fission D 1 mar@E

3ii4 5sing o!l the information given in Ta"le !.1 and !.!, compare nuclearfission and nuclear fusion. 9ence state the relationship "etween mass andenergy evolved. D ( mar@sE

3"4 2uclear fission produces a chain reaction.

Bescri"e how the chain reaction happens in a nuclear fission of an atomuranium. D mar@sE

3c4 A paint#producing factory wants to develop a volume control system which canensure the :uantity of paint in every tin is within a specific range. The tins of paintare transported on a conveyor "elt as shown in Iigure !.1. 0f the volume of thepaint is less or more than the specific range of volume, the tin will "e separatedautomatically.

 

10

Tin containing paint

onveyor "elt

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I0?5R8 !.1

5sing your @nowledge on radioactivity and Iigure !.1, e;plainF

3i4 the radioactivity material and e:uipment re:uired to develop the volumecontrol system,

3ii4 how the e:uipment is assem"led,

3iii4 how the system wor@s.

D1- mar@sE

!--( 3S8T0C2 A4

1 3a4 A gra=ing pasture was polluted with radioactive waste from a nuclear reactor. Aresearcher carried out a study on the radioactive content in the mil@ collected fromthe cows in that area. 9e discovered the radioactive content in every litre of the mil@was 1)-- counts per minute.

The researcher continued to measure the radioactivity in the mil@ from that area in 1-day intervals.

The results of the study are shown in Ta"le *.1.

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TA/L8 *.1

3i4 Cn the graph paper "elow, draw a graph of radioactivity against time.D! mar@sE

3ii4 5sing the graph in 3a43i4, determine the half#life of the radioactive material in themil@.

Show on the graph how you determined the half#life.

The half#life is JJJJJJJJ. days. D! mar@sE

3iii4 &il@ is safe to drin@ if the radioactivity in every litre of the mil@ is not more than (-counts per minute.

  Timeda - 1- !- +- -

Radioa%ti*it%o'!ts pe 

mi!'te

1)-- )-- !- 1-- -

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5sing the half#life in 3a43ii4, calculate the time when the mil@ from this area"ecomes safe to drin@.

D! mar@sE

3"4 0n a nuclear reactor, radium#!!) decays to "ecome radon#!!! "y releasing one alphaparticle. This reaction e;periences a mass defect.

3i4 The num"er !!) for radium is called its JJJJJJJ. num"er.D1 mar@E

  3ii4 omplete the e:uation of the reaction "y writing the appropriate num"er in the"o;es provided.

 

H H

D1 mar@E

3iii4 The nuclear reaction of one nucleus of radium#!!) e;periences a mass defect of

'.)'1' × 1- @g.

alculate the energy released in the nuclear reaction. D ! mar@E

The velocity of light is + ×  1- m s .

13

!!)''Ra Rn 9e 8nergy!!!

!

-30

8 -1

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!--) 3S8T0C2 4

1 Radioactive material has some uses in the medical field such as in the investigation ofinternal organs and in the sterili=ation of e:uipments.

3a4 A doctor conducts an investigation on a patientKs @idney "y inecting iodine#1+1radioisotope, that has a half#life of ' days, into the "lood circulation.

 A normal @idney can e;pel radioisotope in !- minutes.

The presence of radioisotope in the left and right @idneys is shown in the graphs as inBiagram 1!.1.

3i4 What is meant "y half#life D1 mar@E

3ii4 /ased on the graphs in Biagram 1!.1, which @idney is not functioning properly?ive o!e reason. D! mar@sE

3iii4 The initial iodine#1+1 activity is 1)-- counts per second.

alculate the time ta@en for the iodine#1+1 activity to decrease to 1-- counts persecond. D! mar@sE

3"4 &edical e:uipment is sterili=ed "y radiation from a radioactive source.

14

  Activity

Left %idney

   Activity

Right %idney

B0A?RA& 1!.1

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>ou are assigned to study the characteristics of some radioisotopes that are suita"lefor use in sterili=ation of medical e:uipments.

Ta"le 1! shows the characteristics of five radioisotopes.

3i4 8;plain the suita"ility of the characteristics of the radioisotope to "e used inthe sterili=ation of medical e:uipment. D) mar@sE

3ii4 Betermine the most suita"le radioisotope to "e used and give o!e reason for your choice. D! mar@sE

3c4 ?amma rays can produce an effect on photographic film.

8;plain whether gamma rays is suita"le to "e used in ta@ing photographs of an organin humans.

D! mar@sE

3d4 /eryllium#11 isotope emits two rays. The isotope is placed in front of a magnetic fieldand the radioactive radiation path is shown in Biagram 1!.!.

RadioisotopeC$aa%teisti%s of isotope

  State of Tpes of a Half-life  matte 

Strontium#6-

o"alt#)-

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3i4 2ame "oth rays that are emitted "y the isotope. D! mar@sE

3ii4 8;plain why the rays follow the path shown in Biagram 1!.!.D! mar@sE

!--* 32o uestion4

58ST0C2

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B0A?RA& 1!.!

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