Radiographic Interpretation PPOINT

7/27/2019 Radiographic Interpretation PPOINT

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Radiographic Interpretation:

Anatomic Landmarks, Decay, &

Dental Materials



Radiographic Anatomy Basics:

The Tooth











Radiographic Anatomy Basics

Drawing of maxillary midline area. Shown are the (1)

outline of nose, (2) incisive foramen , (3) lateral fossa,(4) nasal fossa, (5) nasal septum, (6) border of nasal

fossa, (7) anterior nasal spine, and (8) median palatine

suture






Radiograph of maxillary midline area. This radiograph

shows the (1) incisive foramen, indicated by an irregularly

shaped, rounded radiolucent area. Also seen are the (2)outline of the nose, (3) lateral fossa, (4) nasal fossa

(radiolucent), (5) nasal septum (radiopaque), (6) border of

nasal fossa, (7) anterior nasal spine, and (8) median

palatine suture




Drawing of maxillary canine area. The drawing shows

the (1) lateral fossa, (2) nasal fossa, (3) inverted Y(intersection of the borders of nasal fossa and maxillary

sinus), and (4) maxillary sinus. (5) Note the dense

radiopaque area caused by overlapping of the mesial

surface of the first premolar over the distal surface of the

canine. This overlapping is common in this region of the

oral cavity because of the curvature of the arch.




Radiograph of maxillary canine area. Shown are the(1) lateral fossa, (2) nasal fossa, (3) inverted Y, (4)

maxillary sinus, and (5) dense radiopaque area caused

by overlapping




Soft tissue of thenose in the path of

the x-ray beam.

Note that the soft

tissue of the nose

will be in the path of

the x-ray beam in

this exposure. The

resultant radiographwill most likely show

an image of the soft

tissue, outlining the

tip of the nose.




Soft tissue image of the nose (1). The resultant

image of the soft tissue of the nose is often

magnified to a large size. According to the rules of

shadow casting , the further an object is from thefilm packet, the more likely that object will appear

magnified. The tip of the nose is at an increased

distance from the intraoral film packet, resulting in a

magnification of the size of the nose.




Drawing of

maxillary premolar

area. Drawing

shows the (1) border (floor) of maxillary

sinus, (2) maxillary

sinus, (3) septum in

maxillary sinus

dividing the sinus

into two

compartments,

(4) zygomaticprocess of maxilla,

(5) zygoma, and

(6) lower border of

zygomatic arch.




Radiograph of maxillary

premolar area. This

radiograph shows the(1) border (floor) of

maxillary sinus, (2)

maxillary sinus, (3)

zygomatic process of

maxilla, (4) septum in

maxillary sinus dividing

the sinus into twocompartments,

(5) zygoma, and

(6) inferior border of the

zygomatic arch




Drawing of

maxillary molar

area. Illustrated in

the drawing are the

(1) border (floor) of

maxillary sinus, (2)maxillary sinus, (3)

zygomatic process

of maxilla, (4)

zygoma, (5) septum

in maxillary sinus,

(6) lower border of

zygomatic arch, (7)

hamulus (hamular process), (8)

maxillary tuberosity,

and (9) coronoid

process (mandible)





molar area. This

radiograph shows (1)

border (floor) of maxillary

sinus, (2) maxillary sinus,

(3) zygomatic process of

maxilla, (4) zygoma, (5)

lateral pterygoid plate, (6)

lower border of zygomaticarch, (7) maxillary

tuberosity, and (8)

coronoid process of the

mandible







molar area. This radiograph

shows (1) hamulus (hamular

process), which is a

downward projection of the

medial pterygoid plate, (2)lateral pterygoid plate, (3)

coronoid process of the

mandible, (4) maxillary

tuberosity, and (5) maxillary

sinus




Coronoid process of

the mandible may be

imaged on intraoral

radiographs of the

maxillary posterior

region. Note the

position of the film

holder when exposing a

maxillary posterior

periapical radiograph.

The coronoid processof the mandible will

most likely be imaged

on this radiograph.




Drawing of mandibular midline area. The

illustration shows (1) mental ridge, (2) nutrient

canal, (3) nutrient foramen, (4) genial tubercles, (5)

lingual foramen, and (6) inferior border of mandible






Radiograph of the mandibular midline area. This

radiograph shows the (1) mental ridge, (2) nutrient

canal, (3) nutrient foramen, (4) genial tubercles

surrounding the (5) lingual foramen, and (6) inferior

(lower) border of the mandible (radiopaque band of

dense cortical bone).

*Often times when the vertical angulation is

too excessive- you see the cortical bone




Drawing of mandibular canine area. Illustrated in

the drawing are a (1) nutrient canal, and (2) torus

mandibularis (lingual torus)




Radiograph of mandibular canine area. A (1) nutrient

canal, and (2) torus mandibularis (lingual torus) are seen

in this radiograph




Drawing of

mandibular

premolar area. This

drawing shows a (1)

torus mandibularis,

(2) ext oblique ridge,

(3) mylohyoid or

internal ridge, (4)

submandibular fossa, (5)

mandibular canal,

and (6) mental

foramen




Radiograph of

mandibular premolar

area. Radiograph

shows the (1)submandibular fossa,

(2) a thin radiolucent

line indicating the

periodontal ligament

space, (3) thin

radiopaque line

representing the laminadura, and (4) the

mental foramen




Drawing of mandibular

molar area. Drawingillustrates the (1) ext

oblique ridge, (2)

mylohyoid or internal

ridge, (3) submandibular

fossa, and (4)

mandibular canal








Radiograph of

mandibular molar area.

Shown are the(1) Ext oblique ridge,

(2) mylohyoid or internal

oblique ridge,

(3) mandibular canal and

(4) submandibular fossa




















Dental Caries

Vertical

angulation (A) Improper

vertical angulation(excessive)

obliterates viewing

this proximal

surface carious

lesion. (B) Proper

vertical angulation

shows interproximal

caries



Dental Caries

Horizontal angulation. (1) Improper

horizontal angulation prevents viewinginterproximal caries. (2) Improved horizontal

angulation, but caries difficult to view. (3)

Proper horizontal angulation shows

interproximal caries



Dental Caries



Interpreting Dental Caries

Diagram of classification of dental caries

(1) Enamel caries less than halfway through the

enamel (incipient caries) (2) Enamel caries penetrated

over halfway through the enamel (moderate caries)(3) Caries definitely at or through the dentino-enamel

junction (DEJ), but less than halfway through the dentin

toward the pulp (advanced caries).(4) Caries that has

penetrated over halfway through the dentin toward the

pulp (severe caries)



Dental Caries







Interpreting Dental Caries

Drawing indicating the area to examine for interproximal caries. To best detect proximal

surface caries, view the area where two adjacent teeth contact, apical down to the area where

the gingival margin would most likely be (boxed area). Cervical burnout is most likely to

be imaged apical to the gingival margin.



Root caries?? Can be deceiving …..



Radiograph of

occlusal caries.

This radiograph

shows (1) severeocclusal caries,

which appears as

a large radiolucent

lesion in the firstmolar



Dental Caries



Dental Caries



Radiograph of

buccal or lingual

caries. Buccal or

lingual caries on

this mandibular

second premolar appears as a round

radiolucency

(superimposed over

the pulp chamber)

Dental Caries



Radiograph of

cemental (root) caries.

The large radiolucency

on the distal surface of

the distal root of the first

mandibular molar

Dental Root Caries



Dental Root Caries



Radiograph of

recurrent caries.

This radiograph

shows (1)

radiolucent caries

under the metallicrestoration

Dental Recurrent Caries



Conditions Resembling Caries

Bitewing radiograph. This

radiograph shows (1) large

occlusal caries, (2) radiolucent

lines or mach band effect (an

optical illusion caused by

overlapped enamel), (3)

interproximal caries, and

(4) cervical burnout

R di hi A f D t l



Radiographic Appearance of Dental

Restorative Material

R di hi A f D t l



Radiographic Appearance of Dental

Restorative Material

Dental materials. This

radiograph shows several

metallic and non-metallic dental

materials. Since all of the metal

restorations are equally

radiopaque, their size and shapeis observed to determine the

type of material. The materials

present in this radiograph are:

(1) amalgam;(2) porcelain-fused-

to-metal crown; (3) post and

core; (4) gutta percha; (5) base

material; (6) full metal crown,

which is the posterior abutmentof a three-unit bridge; (7)

retention pin; and (8) metal

pontic (part of the three-unit

bridge).



Restorative Materials












This radiograph shows (1) radiolucent restorations

(composites) on the mesial surface of the lateral

incisor and distal surface of the central incisor.Note that under both restorations is a base of

radiopaque material. (2) The radiolucencies on the

mesial surfaces of both central incisors are carious

lesions.

Restorative Materials & Decay



Retention pins. (1) Radiopaque pins help retain theradiolucent composite restorations. (2) Small radiopaque

amalgam restorations.



65







On buccal or lingual?

What kind of crowns?

What is this?!?






Normal bone levels just below CEJ

Bone Levels

B L l



Bone Levels

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Radiographic Interpretation PPOINT

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