RAFT Radar Fence Transponder Mission Completion Review 6 May 08 Bob Bruninga, CDR USN (ret) MIDN 1/C...

RAFTRAFTRadar Fence TransponderRadar Fence Transponder

Mission Completion Review 6 Mission Completion Review 6 May 08May 08

Bob Bruninga, CDR USN Bob Bruninga, CDR USN (ret)(ret)

MIDN 1/C David KoeppelMIDN 1/C David KoeppelMIDN 1/C Brent KolbMIDN 1/C Brent Kolb

MIDN 1/C Jeff RobesonMIDN 1/C Jeff RobesonMIDN 1/C Kyle VandegriffMIDN 1/C Kyle Vandegriff

22May 2008May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary

RAFT KickoffRAFT Kickoff Apr 04 Apr 04 RAFT USNA SRRRAFT USNA SRR Sep 04 Sep 04 RAFT PDRRAFT PDR 19 Nov 0419 Nov 04

RAFT Phase 0/1 SafetyRAFT Phase 0/1 Safety 16 Dec 0416 Dec 04 RAFT Phase 2 SafetyRAFT Phase 2 Safety 10 Feb 0510 Feb 05

RAFT CDRRAFT CDR 23 Feb 0523 Feb 05• RAFT Flight Unit TestingRAFT Flight Unit Testing 26 Jan 0526 Jan 05• RAFT Phase 3 SafetyRAFT Phase 3 Safety 22 Feb 0622 Feb 06

RAFT Delivery/InstallRAFT Delivery/Install July 06 July 06 RAFT Flight (STS-116)RAFT Flight (STS-116) Dec 06 Dec 06 De-Orbit De-Orbit 30 May 0730 May 07

Key Milestones: ScheduleKey Milestones: Schedule


Mission: So Many Mission: So Many CUBEsatsCUBEsats

30 to 50 in Construction30 to 50 in Construction

AIAA/USUSmall Sat Conference

30% of papers were for PICO, NANO and CUBEsats

All smaller than 10 cm

How to Track ???


Mission StatementMission Statement To provide the Navy Space Surveillance (NSSS) radar fence with a To provide the Navy Space Surveillance (NSSS) radar fence with a means to means to

determine the boundsdetermine the bounds of a constellation of PicoSats otherwise undetectable of a constellation of PicoSats otherwise undetectable by the radar fenceby the radar fence

To enable NSSS to independently To enable NSSS to independently calibrate their transmit and receive beamscalibrate their transmit and receive beams

using signals from RAFT.using signals from RAFT.

This must be accomplished with This must be accomplished with two PicoSatstwo PicoSats, one that will actively transmit , one that will actively transmit and receive, and one with a passively augmented radar cross-section.and receive, and one with a passively augmented radar cross-section.

Additionally, RAFT will provide experimental Additionally, RAFT will provide experimental communications transponderscommunications transponders for the Navy Military Affiliate Radio System, the United States Naval for the Navy Military Affiliate Radio System, the United States Naval Academy’s Yard Patrol crafts, and the Amateur Satellite Service.Academy’s Yard Patrol crafts, and the Amateur Satellite Service.

RAFT1 Education for 16 Astronautics Majors Senior projects Robeson, Paquette (06) - Orloff, Kinzbrunner, and Rose(05) - Baker, Tuttle,

Colvin (04) Abbott, Atwater, Brandt, Hansen, McLean(03). And 3 in (02)


NSSS Radar FenceNSSS Radar Fence


NSS Radar Fan beam (E/W)NSS Radar Fan beam (E/W)

Horizon to Horizon down only -6 dBHorizon to Horizon down only -6 dB


NSS Fan Beam N/SNSS Fan Beam N/S

Only 0.8 degrees North/SouthOnly 0.8 degrees North/South


-12 dBm at 1000 km-12 dBm at 1000 km


XP-217 Radar Fence XP-217 Radar Fence TranspopnderTranspopnder

Design a very small receiver for the Design a very small receiver for the NSSS Radar suitable for a cubesatNSSS Radar suitable for a cubesat

Include an Oscillator for NSSS to hear Include an Oscillator for NSSS to hear us.us.

Northeastern University

GSI Lumonics



RAFT1 Mission RAFT1 Mission ArchitectureArchitecture


RAFT Block DiagramRAFT Block Diagram


Fail-Safe Reset TimerFail-Safe Reset Timer

Cold boots CPU if no TLM every minuteCold boots CPU if no TLM every minute


Simplified Power SystemSimplified Power System

Charge in Parallel

Transmit in Series

Duty cycle 4%

100 mA

100 mA

60 mA

Charge in Parallel and TX in series


RAFT1 Network RAFT1 Network ArchitectureArchitecture

Global Volunteer Ground Station Network

Internet Linked for live Telemetry


RAFT1 Mission RAFT1 Mission ArchitectureArchitecture

APRS Global Packet Radio Network

Internet Linked for live Communications


Space User BaselineSpace User Baseline

PCSAT validates our links

Vandegriff

SCIENCE

USNA-0203

APRS Satellite User Plot 18 Apr 06

See www.ariss.net


Military Affiliate Radio Military Affiliate Radio SystemSystem

The Mission of the MARS system is to:

Provide auxiliary communications for military, federal and local disaster management officials

Assist in effecting communications under emergency conditions.

Handle morale and quasi-official communications traffic for members of the Armed Forces and authorized U.S. Government civilian personnel

Provide routine operations in support of MARSGRAMS and … contacts between service personnel and their families back home home.


MARScom Mission MARScom Mission ArchitectureArchitecture

Military Affiliate Radio System


Yard Patrol Craft Yard Patrol Craft ApplicationApplication

Unique UHF AM Uplink and HF SSB downlink


MARScom Block MARScom Block DiagramDiagram


RAFT1 and RAFT1 and MARScomMARScom

5” Cubes

3 Antennas Each

Identical Mechanical


RAFT1 and RAFT1 and MARScomMARScom

5” Cubes

3 Antennas Each

Identical Mechanical


RAFTRAFTDeploymeDeploymentnt

Velocity of pair:

1.8 m/s

Velocity of RAFT:

2.6 m/s

Velocity of MARScom:

1.2 m/s

Was 1.5, 1.3 & 1.8


Flight Model Flight Model Separation TestSeparation Test


Mechanical DesignMechanical Design


Raft1 Electronics Raft1 Electronics SystemsSystems

TNC Interface Brd


Raft1 Electronics Raft1 Electronics SystemsSystems

Transmitter Receiver and XP-217


RAFT1 RAFT1 InternaInternal l DiagraDiagramm

TopTopViewView

Ant pocket& Sep SW


MARS Panels and MARS Panels and BoardsBoards

Batteries and TX-Interface board

RCVR

TNC


Inside ViewInside View


Assembly PlanAssembly Plan


GSE Side Panel GSE Side Panel

GSE portWindup port

COTS Silicon Cells on PCB panel

Covered with Clear Teflon Coating

1.5 Watt panel

Mechanically rugged for rain/hail/birds

PCsat Flight Heritage


Top PanelTop Panel

VHF Antenna holes

HF whip hole

Pockets for other satellite antennas and Sep Switch


Ballast for Ballast for RAFT1RAFT1


RAFT1RAFT1

Lead Ballast

Encapsulated in Kapton tape


RAFT Lifetime RAFT Lifetime EstimateEstimate

6.5 Months

2.5 Mo


Aerospace 5510 RAFT LauncherAerospace 5510 RAFT Launcher


RAFTRAFTAntennaAntennaSeparationSeparationMechanismsMechanisms


RAFT Antenna RAFT Antenna SpringsSprings


RAFT Antenna RAFT Antenna SpringsSprings


Long-Wire AntennaLong-Wire Antenna

~2.5”



ANDE/RAFTANDE/RAFT - USNA - USNA

Pre-Launch Intgration and PrepPre-Launch Intgration and Prep


RAFTRAFTmicrogravity microgravity

Separation TestSeparation Test

March 30March 30thth – April 8 – April 8thth

(“Test of Opportunity”)(“Test of Opportunity”)Robeson


Test 5” cubesat separation system

Robeson


Good Initial DeploymentGood Initial Deployment


What happened?What happened?


SequenceSequence We suspect a stuck antenna.We suspect a stuck antenna.

Maybe one of the four Maybe one of the four antennas, after being antennas, after being compressed in the pre-launch compressed in the pre-launch configuration for maybe 6 configuration for maybe 6 months prior to launch against months prior to launch against the bottom of the antenna the bottom of the antenna sleeve, may have embedded sleeve, may have embedded itself into the Scotch 2216 itself into the Scotch 2216 Epoxy.Epoxy.

At the instant of final At the instant of final separation, that momentary separation, that momentary impulse for the “stuck antenna impulse for the “stuck antenna tip to release” imparted torques tip to release” imparted torques on the spacecraft.on the spacecraft.

Marscom ended up at almost 80 Marscom ended up at almost 80 RPM and RAFT at about 40 RPMRPM and RAFT at about 40 RPM

… Play Video …


Initial Tip-Off rate 80 RPM?Initial Tip-Off rate 80 RPM?


Magnetic StabilizationMagnetic Stabilization Vertical Vertical

North/SouthNorth/South

Horizontal Horizontal East/WestEast/West


Ops Normal TelemetryOps Normal Telemetry

This image shows 7.3 Volt BusThis image shows 7.3 Volt Bus A cool .2 C temperatureA cool .2 C temperature No solar current (during eclipse)No solar current (during eclipse)


COTS Solar Panel PerformanceCOTS Solar Panel Performance

• Very Low Cost $20 Solar Panels (PCsat Heritage)Very Low Cost $20 Solar Panels (PCsat Heritage)• Cost 2% of triple junction. Cost 2% of triple junction. • Provide 50% of the performanceProvide 50% of the performance• Degrade twice as fast (50% of life)Degrade twice as fast (50% of life)• 26 attitude configurations for cube satellite26 attitude configurations for cube satellite

6 for one side (power factor of 1)6 for one side (power factor of 1) 12 for one edge (power factor of 1.4)12 for one edge (power factor of 1.4) 8 for on corner (power factor of 1.7)8 for on corner (power factor of 1.7)

• AVERAGE POWER FACTOR for CUBESAT: AVERAGE POWER FACTOR for CUBESAT: (assume equal opportunity rotation): 1.4(assume equal opportunity rotation): 1.4


Solar Panel PerformanceSolar Panel Performance

Electrical Current on Raft

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

225

250

275

300

325

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Time(sec)

Cu

rren

t (m

A)

Current(3/12/2007)

Current(3/26/2007)

Specified Current PerPanel On Orbit (1.0)

Average Current Expected(1.4)

Average Current of Cubicsatellite (raft) on orbit

Maximum Expected Current(1.7)

•CONCLUSION: 10 to 25% CONCLUSION: 10 to 25% added current from albedoadded current from albedo


Solar Panel Life Solar Panel Life

7% per year on PCSAT


Thermal PerformanceThermal Performance


RAFT 4 mW Osc DetectionRAFT 4 mW Osc Detection


Raft Oscillator detectionRaft Oscillator detection

DK3WN commanding


Radar Fence Doppler PlotRadar Fence Doppler Plot

PE1ITR PE1ITR datadata


Difficulty of RADAR Ops Difficulty of RADAR Ops from USNAfrom USNA

Link budget required 10 degree elevationLink budget required 10 degree elevation This limited range to USNAThis limited range to USNA There was no mutual vissibility of NSSS Fence and USNAThere was no mutual vissibility of NSSS Fence and USNA We were dependent on volunteer ground stations for dataWe were dependent on volunteer ground stations for data


UC – Irvine DetectionUC – Irvine Detection Low Horizon pass for FenceLow Horizon pass for Fence Low horizon pass for UC-IrvineLow horizon pass for UC-Irvine 3 days before re-entry!3 days before re-entry!


SPASUR Fence DetectionSPASUR Fence Detection RAFT designed to detect the Fence RAFT designed to detect the Fence Report radar Doppler and fence crossing to groundReport radar Doppler and fence crossing to ground


marscom

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

radial

In track

Cross track

raft

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

radial

In track

Cross Track

SPASUR Tracking Data on MARScom (augmented for 217 MHz)

SPASUR Tracking Data on RAFT (not augmented)

1.2 RMS

RMS 2.5

50% Improvement with Marscom Passive

Augmentation


Space User BaselineSpace User Baseline

PCSAT validates our links

Vandegriff

SCIENCE

USNA-0203

APRS Satellite User Plot 18 Apr 06

See www.ariss.net

RAFT User OperationsRAFT User Operations


RAFT User OperationsRAFT User Operations Joint Operations with ARISS,PCSAT-1 Joint Operations with ARISS,PCSAT-1 1-19 Jan1-19 Jan

Conjunctions with ANDE

10 Feb

7 Mar

26 Mar

11 Apr

25 Apr

5 May


RAFT Synergy with Other RAFT Synergy with Other UniversitiesUniversities

USA Schools USA Schools • Auburn, Colorado, Cornell, DartmouthAuburn, Colorado, Cornell, Dartmouth• DelMarVa, Florida, Hawaii, UC-IrvineDelMarVa, Florida, Hawaii, UC-Irvine• Louisiana, Minnessota, MIT, MontanaLouisiana, Minnessota, MIT, Montana• NotreDame, NoVa-HS, NPGSNotreDame, NoVa-HS, NPGS• Princeton, U-Michigan, USAFA, USCGAPrinceton, U-Michigan, USAFA, USCGA

Other SchoolsOther Schools• S.Africa, Brazil, Argentina, PortugalS.Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Portugal• UK, Guam, Italy, Japan, Australia, NZUK, Guam, Italy, Japan, Australia, NZ• Mongolia, Moscow, Indonesia, ThailandMongolia, Moscow, Indonesia, Thailand


RAFT Synergy with RAFT Synergy with Amateur Satellite ServiceAmateur Satellite Service

Volunteer Antenna ModelersVolunteer Antenna Modelers Volunteer Ground stationsVolunteer Ground stations

• Oregon, Calif, Hawaii, London, GermanyOregon, Calif, Hawaii, London, Germany• Japan, Australia, New ZealandJapan, Australia, New Zealand• South Africa, AntarcticaSouth Africa, Antarctica

Volunteer Command StationsVolunteer Command Stations Volunteer re-entry trackingVolunteer re-entry tracking Volunteer Science downlink stationsVolunteer Science downlink stations


The comm channels can potentially draw from over 30,000 experimenters for easy assessment of loading and scaling issues.

Not only the sensors and users exist, but the global Internet collection and distribution system also exists from PCSAT1 & 2, ANDE and RAFT.

Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting not only GPS position reporting but also remote WX stations and not only GPS position reporting but also remote WX stations and other data link experiments and other University and School other data link experiments and other University and School Experiments.Experiments.


RAFT RAFT GroundstationsGroundstations


RAFT Presentations/PapersRAFT Presentations/Papers

AIAA/USU Small Sat Conf AIAA/USU Small Sat Conf (alternate)(alternate)

AMSAT Symposium 2004,5,6,7AMSAT Symposium 2004,5,6,7 AMSAT-DC annual meetingsAMSAT-DC annual meetings USNA Satellite LabsUSNA Satellite Labs

• Comm LabsComm Labs• Comm labsComm labs• Tracking labsTracking labs• Operations LabsOperations Labs


De-Orbit Telemetry De-Orbit Telemetry

De-orbit Telemetry AwardDe-orbit Telemetry Award For collecting Telemetry and dataFor collecting Telemetry and data

We actually did not get the Award prepared until

it was time for ANDE Deorbit, but it was mostly all of the same stations…

http://www.ande-deorbit.com


Questions?Questions?

RAFT Mission Summary

ICSat (USNA-0201)ICSat (USNA-0201)

ObjectivesObjectives Educate First Class MidshipmenEducate First Class Midshipmen in the Astronautics curriculum of the Aerospace in the Astronautics curriculum of the Aerospace

Engineering major in spacecraft design, systems engineering, program management Engineering major in spacecraft design, systems engineering, program management techniques, cost, scheduling, flight certification and safety procedures, and techniques, cost, scheduling, flight certification and safety procedures, and spacecraft testing.spacecraft testing.

Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)


ICSat Block DiagramICSat Block Diagram

Inside ICSat Enclosure

Outside ICSat Enclosure

Other Locations

MiteqAMF-4F-01000200-12-10P

1-2GHz, 60db Gain, 1.2db NF

MiteqAMF-3B-020040-20-30P

2-4GHz, 35db Gain, +30dbm max out

Mini-CircuitsZFRSC-42

-6.5db per port

Mini-CircuitsZJL-3G

0.2-3GHz, 14-19db Gain

Receiver

Low NoiseAmplifier Transmitter

D/AConverter

Demod-ulator

Modulator

Combiner

Splitter

Low NoiseAmplifier

Low NoiseAmplifier

PowerAmplifier

PowerAmplifier

ComBlock3003-A

ComBlock1001

2202.26MHz

1767.00MHz

ComBlock4001

-8dbm max

ComBlock2001

ComBlock1002

Signal/PowerConditioning

Control and Datato/from Computer

RX antenna 1

RX antenna 2

TX antenna 1

TX antenna 2

+5V300ma

+5V250ma

+15V230ma each

+5V650ma

+5V120ma

+5V300ma

+12V50ma

+15V950ma each

+5V140ma

ComBlock5101

Mini-CircuitsZFSC-2-2500.01-2.5GHz

(+3-1.5db) gain


ICSat (USNA-0201)ICSat (USNA-0201)

ResultsResults

Educate First Class Midshipmen:Educate First Class Midshipmen:

----This objective was fully achieved.This objective was fully achieved. Ten Midshipmen in five graduating classes Ten Midshipmen in five graduating classes and three majors worked on the ICSat experiment directly; an additional 46 worked and three majors worked on the ICSat experiment directly; an additional 46 worked on the development of the MidSTAR-1 satellite and were required to take the on the development of the MidSTAR-1 satellite and were required to take the interface requirements of the experiment into consideration in completing their interface requirements of the experiment into consideration in completing their design activities.design activities.

Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN)-- -- This objective was not achieved.This objective was not achieved. The experiment failed during integration with The experiment failed during integration with insufficient time remaining to troubleshoot and repair before launch. The experiment insufficient time remaining to troubleshoot and repair before launch. The experiment was flown "as is." No attempt has been made to activate it on orbit.was flown "as is." No attempt has been made to activate it on orbit.

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RAFT Radar Fence Transponder Mission Completion Review 6 May 08 Bob Bruninga, CDR USN (ret) MIDN 1/C...

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