RAHEEL KHANRoll # 102

FINAL YEAR BATCH :D

STERLIZATION

A process which destroys all viable microbes,including viruses and endospores.

DISINFECTIONA process used to destroy vegetative

pathogens ;not endospores and intimate objects

ANTI-SEPTICS

• Disinfectants applied directly to exposed body surface.

• CLASSIFICATION:

• Chlorhexidene: Used for skin prepration and surgical scrub.

• Pyodine-Iodine: Used forskin prepration and surgical scrub.

• Cetrimide: Hand washing.

• Alcohol: skin prepration.

SENITIZATION

• Any technique that mechanically removes Microbes

AIM OF STERILIZATION

• To reduce contaminants from entering operative field in Surgery

• To prevent infection

• The GOAL is to ELIMINATE INFECTIONS .

HOW STERILIZATION WORKS.

• BY DISRUPTING THE INTEGRITY OF CELL WALL.

• BY DAMAGING THE CELL MEMBRANE CAUSING CONTENTS TO LEAK OUT.

• DAMAGE TO VIRAL ENVELOP INTRUPTS ITS REPLICATION.

METHODS :

PHYSICAL METHODS• HEAT:

• (dry and moist)

• FILTRATION .

• IRRADIATION.

• QUARANTRINE.

CHEMICAL METHODS

• Alcohol

• Formaldehyde

• Glutaraldehyde

• Sodium Hypochlorite.

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE ABILITY TO KILL MICROBES:

• Strength of killing agent

• Time of action

• Temprature

• Type and number of microbe

• Enviornment

IDEAL STERLIZATION METHOD

• Highly efficacious.

• Rapidly active.

• Non-toxic.

• Cost effective.

EH SPAULDING CLASSIFICATION OF OBJECTS NEED TO BE STERLIZED:

• CRITICAL: Objects which enter sterile tissue

• SEMI-CRITICAL: Objects that touch mucus mem. And non-intact skin

• NON-CRITICAL: Objects that touch intact skin.

PHYSICAL METHODS: HEAT

PASTEURISATION• First used for milk;

• Heating for 1 min at 80*C will kill most of vegetative form

• BED –PAN WASHER

• PROCTOSCOPE

INCINERATION• Used for disposal of

HOSPITAL WASTE.

MOIST HEAT

• BOILING

• AUTOCLAVING

• PASTEURIZATION

AUTOCLAVEAuto-clave Conditions:121*C, 16 psi, 15min

FILTRATION

STERILIZES MATERIALS LIKELY TO BE DAMAGED BY HEAT

CHEMICAL CONTROL

PHENOLS

ALCOHOL

HALOGENS

SURFACTANTS

HEAVY METALS

ANTI MICROBICS

Sporicidal agents

ALCOHOL-HALOGENS

• Denatures proteins

• Skin swabbing with 70%ethanol prior to injection.

• For disinfection of telephone wires

• Stethoscope and others lightly contaminated objects

• Damaging enzymes via OXIDATION

• Cleaning drinking water

• Wound dressing as chloramines

OXIDIZING AGENTS

STERILIZATION IS SUCCESSFUL WITH

PERSONAL HYEGIENE:

STERILIZATION METHODS OF VARIOUS OBJECTS ARE:

OBJECTS• Dressing materials and

Gloves

• Catheters,Syringes,IV-cannulas

• Fine cutting edge instruments

• Heat sensitive Materials

• Endoscopes

METHODS• STEAM / AUTOCLAVE.

• GAMMA –RAYS

• HOT AIR.

• ETHYLENE OXIDE.

• PERSCETIC ACID/ STERIS.

• Skin of patient

• Surgical instruments;Artry forceps,clamps,needle holders

• Suture material

• Thermometer and stethoscope

• Respiratory therapy equipments.

• ALCOHOL

• STEAM

• LUGOL IODINE

• ALCOHOL

• FORMALDEHYDE

IN OPERATION THEATRE .

• PATIENT PREPRATION: SURGEON PREPRATION

• Showering Hand washing

• Shifting Gloves

• Shaving Masks and Hair cover

• Painting and Draping Surgical Gowns

PREPRATION OF OPERATION THEATRE

• Double door entrance to the anesthesia room and corridors

• A designated DIRTY AREA must be present.

• A single entrance to scrubbing area

• Temp should be 19-22*C

• Air Filteration.

Working Hands Are Better Than

Praying Lips

THANK YOU ALL.