LDC INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES

PRATAPGARH ROAD SORAON , ALLAHABAD

MINI PROJECT REPORT ON

AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION

2011-12

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF: - SUBMITTED BY:-

Dr. C .P. SINGH RAHUL TRIPATHI

H.O.D E.C 4th YEAR

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION (ROLL NO:-0828331037)

ABSTRACT

In the field of agriculture, use of proper method of irrigation is important because the

main reason is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water. The continuous extraction of

water from earth is reducing the water level due to which lot of land is coming slowly in the

zones of un-irrigated land. Another very important reason of this is due to unplanned use of

water due to which a significant amount of water goes waste. For this purpose; we use this

automatic plant irrigation system.

In the conventional irrigation system, the farmer has to keep watch on irrigation

timetable, which is different for different crops. The project makes the irrigation automated.

With the use of low cost sensors and the simple circuitry makes this project a low cost product,

which can be bought even by a poor farmer .This project is best suited for places where water is

scares and has to be used in limited quantity. The Project presented here waters your plants

regularly when you are out for vocation. The heart of the project is the IC op amp lm324. This is

safest and no manpower is required. Require smaller water sources, for example, less than half of

the water needed for a sprinkler system. This is very useful to all climatic conditions any it is

economic

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

Title of the project : Automatic Plant Irrigation System with water pump

Control based on soil moister condition

Domain : using IC OPAMP LM324

Power Supply : +9V, 500mA Regulated Power Supply

Sensors : Electromagnetic moister sensor

Load : 230 V ac motor

Applications : Roof Gardens, Lawns, Agriculture Lands,

Home Gardens

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Dedicating this Mini Project to the Almighty of God whose abundant grace and murices enabled its successful completion, I would like to express my profound gratitude to all of people who has inspired and motivate me to undertake this Mini Project.

Then I would like to Thanks “Prof (Dr.) A.L.Kundu” & “Mr. Sanjay Gupta”, who gave me such platform for studying in “LDC Institute of Technical Studies, Allahabad”.

I wish to express our sincere thanks to our Head of Department “Dr. C.P.Singh” for providing an opportunity to undertake this Mini Project. Who’s precious guidance, in every difficulty and doubts faced during the implementation of this Mini Project, More ever, showed me the right path to modify my Project and to it give a good shape.

I am deeply indebted to my Project Guide “Mr. P.C.Mishra” for providing me with valuable advice and guidance during the course of Project.

I am specially grateful to “Mr., Avadh Pati”& “Mr. Digvijay Narayan Singh” for their time to time, much needed valuable guidance.

I would also like to thanks to “my entire Teacher” who teach me other subject of Electronics, because of to make any project, knowledge of basic electronics is also essentional.

And finally my heartfelt gratitude is to my “Parents & Friends”, who gave me moral support and encouragement to accomplish task.

Date: November 11, 2011 RAHUL TRIPATHI

Place: Allahabad Electronic & Communication

Semester: 7th

CONTENT

PREFACE

ACKNOWLEDGE

INTRODUCTION

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

WORKING PRINCIPLE

COMPONENT DISCIPTION

APPLICATION

ADVANTGES

REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION

Automatic plant watering systems have proved to be a boon for those, who lack time for

watering plants manually. Read on to know more about the various aspects of automatic plant

watering systems.

Nowadays, there are very few homes which do not have plants, both indoor and outdoor

ones. There are many plant enthusiasts, who keep on buying different varieties and end up with

no time to take care of those plants. One of the main aspects of plant care is watering, which has

to be done regularly for healthy growth of plants. While some people get fed up with manual

watering, others do not have enough time for this task. Automatic watering systems can be of

immense help to such people. You can either make some simple homemade automatic plant

watering systems or purchase the best suited one from the wide range of systems available in the

market. Scroll down for more information about automatic plant watering system.

Automatic Plant Watering System

as you know that by installing an automatic watering system, you can do away with the task of

watering plants manually. There are various types of automatic plant watering systems, which

store water and supply the plants with the required amount of water. These types vary from

simple ones to most sophisticated systems and you have to choose the best suited one for your

plants. There are many types of watering systems, designed for both indoor and outdoor potted

plants as well as flower gardens. In short, such system takes care of the water requirements of

plants and totally eliminates manual watering. However, you have to fill water in some systems,

as and when it requires and set the timer, if the system has any.

Types of Automatic Plant Watering Systems

As mentioned above, these systems range from simple ones to sophisticated ones.

You can even make a watering system from materials used for household purposes. One of the

basic homemade automatic plant watering system can be made with plastic containers. Clean the

containers and make two to three small holes on their bottom. Now, fill the containers with water

and set them in the dirt, next to the plant. If the soil is wet, very little amount of water will be

absorbed and as it get dry, more water will leak out of the container. Now, you know, how to

make automatic plant waterer. This is one of the basic methods, but, you can make different

types of automatic plant watering devices with various other materials. Read more on gardening

accessories.

Even commercial watering systems come in various types. There are stand-alone

systems, which come with pots, water reservoirs, etc. The water reservoirs too, are available in

different designs and patterns. Such systems may or may not have timers. These systems take

care of the water requirements of individual plants. There are multiple plant watering systems,

that can take care of a certain number of plants, simultaneously. These systems constitute water

tanks, pipes that supplies water from the tank to individual plants and drips attached to the end of

each pipe. For a garden, sprinkler and drip systems with timers are available. In some

sophisticated ones, even ground sensors are used, so that watering will be done, whenever, the

ground gets dry. While some of watering system work on battery power, some others use power

from the mains. There are simple ones too, that work under gravity. Each type of plant watering

system has its own features, which have to be understood, before investing on it. Select the one,

which is best suited for your requirement.

Now, you have a basic idea about automatic plant watering systems, which can be very

useful for those, who don't have time to water their plants and also for those are going on a

vacation. Above all, automatic house plant watering systems can be of great help in water

conservation too.

Relevance:

1) Used in the field of agriculture as a new technology.

2) Used in conventional farming areas.

3) Used in the garden system.

Present theory:

The Project presented here waters your plants regularly when you are out for vocation.

The circuit comprises sensor parts built using op-amp IC LM324. Op-amp's are configured here

as a comparator. Two stiff copper wires are inserted in the soil to sense the whether the Soil is

wet or dry.

The Microcontroller was used to control the whole system it monitors the sensors and

when more than two sensors sense the dry condition then the microcontroller will switch on the

motor and it will switch off the motor when all the sensors are in wet. The microcontroller does

the above job it receives the signals from the sensors, and this signals operated under the control

of software which is stored in ROM.

Block diagram

Soil dry – wet

Sensor LM324 Transistor led display Comparator driven circuit

Ref Voltage

water

Ac input RELAY pump

Step Bridge filter regulator power

Down t/f rectifier circuite supplies

To all Sectionns

WORKING

The project presented here waters your plants regularly when you are out for

vocation .the circuit comprises sensor parts built using op-amp LM324. Op-amp is configured

here as a comparator. And electromagnetic moisture sensor is inserted into soil to measure the

moisture level in soil.

Comparator compares the voltage levels from sensor and reference values. If moisture

levels is low than reference value then it produces a dc signal and it passed to transistor, this

transistor send a signal to relay. Relay activates the motor to run and supply water to the plant.

Now moisture level increases than the reference value then comparator gives another

signal to transistor. Then transistor stops the signal flow to the relay. Now relay stops the

electrical motor. This process is continuous to give healthy watering to the plant.

In this way we can control the water flow to a plant.

CERAMIC CAPACITOR (FILTER)

Capacitive filter is used in this project. It removes the ripples from the output of rectifier

and smoothens the D.C. Output received from this filter is constant until the mains voltage and

load is maintained constant. However, if either of the two is varied, D.C. voltage received at this

point changes. Therefore a regulator is applied at the output stage.

Capacitor blocks DC (constant) signals. Capacitors easily pass AC (changing) signals

Electronic filters are electronic circuits which perform signal processing functions,

specifically to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal, to enhance wanted ones,

or both.

VOLTAGE REGULATOR

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant

voltage level. It may use an electromechanical mechanism, or passive or active electronic

components. Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate one or more AC or DC

voltages.

As the name itself implies, it regulates the input applied to it. A voltage regulator is an

electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant voltage level. In this project,

power supply of 5V and 12V are required. In order to obtain these voltage levels, 7805 and 7812

voltage regulators are to be used. The first number 78 represents positive supply and the numbers

05, 12 represent the required output voltage levels. The L78xx series of three-terminal positive

regulators is available in TO-220, TO-220FP, TO-3, D2PAK and DPAK packages and several

fixed output voltages, making it useful in a wide range of applications.

These regulators can provide local on-card regulation, eliminating the distribution

problems associated with single point regulation. Each type employs internal current limiting,

thermal shut-down and safe area protection, making it essentially

indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, they can deliver

RECTIFIER OUTPUT

FILTER PURE DC

AC+DC DC

over 1 A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulators, these devices

can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltage and currents.

The voltage regulators are

classified into two types.

1. positive

series(7805)

2. Negative series(7905)

5. TRANSISTORS

7805

I/P GND O/P I/P

7905

O/PGND

7805SERIESOutput

voltage

A transistor is a semi conductor device commonly used to amplify or switch electronic

signals. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current

flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much

more than the controlling (input) power, the transistor provides amplification of a signal.

The transistor is the key active component in practically all modern electronics. Many

consider it to be one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. Its importance in today's

society rests on its ability to be mass produced using a highly automated process (semiconductor

device fabrication) that achieves astonishingly low per-transistor costs.

Although several companies each produce over a billion individually packaged (known as

discrete) transistors every year, the vast majority of transistors now are produced in integrated

circuits (often shortened to IC, microchips or simply chips), along with diodes, resistors,

capacitors and other electronic components, to produce complete electronic circuits.

RESISTOR

A resistor is a device which opposes the flow of current. In a circuit offenly it is used to protect the

devices like LED etc,.

LED

LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them.

A single LED is a low-voltage solid state device and cannot be directly operated on standard AC

current without some circuitry to control the voltage applied and the current flow through the lamp. A

series diode and resistor could be used to control the voltage polarity and to limit the current, but this is

inefficient since most of the applied voltage would be dropped as wasted heat in the resistor. A single

series string of LEDs would minimize dropped-voltage losses, but one LED failure could extinguish the

whole string. Paralleled strings increase reliability by providing redundancy. In practice, three strings or

more are usually used. To be useful for illumination for home or work spaces, a number of LEDs must be

placed close together in a lamp to combine their illuminating effects. This is because individual LEDs

emit only a fraction of the light of traditional light sources. When using the color-mixing method, a

uniform color distribution can be difficult to achieve, while the arrangement of white LEDs is not critical

for color balance. Further, degradation of different LEDs at various times in a color-mixed lamp can lead

to an uneven color output. LED lamps usually consist of clusters of LEDs in a housing with both driver

electronics, a heat sink and optics.

Circuit symbol:

MOISTURE SENSOR

VH400 Soil Moisture Sensor Probes

Our high frequency VH400 series soil moisture sensor probes enable precise low cost

monitoring of soil water content. Because our probe measures the dielectric constant of

the soil using transmission line techniques, it is insensitive to water salinity, and will not

corrode over time as does conductivity based probes. Our probes are small, rugged, and

low power.

Compared to other low cost sensor such as gypsum block

sensors, our probes offer a rapid response time. They can be inserted

and take an accurate reading in under 1 second.

The VH400 consumes more power than the VG400 series sensors

because it operates at a much higher frequency, however, it is much

more sensitive at higher VWC levels, and its curves are more linear.

Probes come standard with a 2 meter cable.

Also see our extremely low power VG400 series soil moisture

sensors.

See our Soil Moisture Sensor Selector, to figure out which probe is

right for your application.

VH400 - Soil Moisture Sensor Probe

Soil Moisture Sensor Probe Applications

Irrigation and sprinkler systems.

Moisture monitoring of bulk foods.

Rain and weather monitoring.

Environmental monitoring.

Water conservation applications.

Fluid level measurements.

Soil Moisture Sensor Probe Features

Extreme low cost with volume pricing.

Not conductivity based.

Insensitive to salinity.

Probe does not corrode over time.

Rugged design for long term use.

Small size.

Consumes less than 600uA for very low power operation.

Precise measurement.

Measures volumetric water content (VWC) or gravimetric water content (GWC).

Patent pending technology.

Output Voltage is proportional to moisture level.

Wide supply voltage range.

Can be buried and is water proof.

Probe is long and slender for wider use, including smaller potted plants.

Specifications

Sensors:

o SS model - Stainless Steel

o MS & HS models - Stainless Steel

o with Epoxy coating

All electronics are sealed in water-proof epoxy

Temperature range:

o Operating - 32° to 150° F

o Storage - 4° to 160° F

Output Format:

o Standard format - 0.5 - 5.0 mA

Power requirements:

o Standard 5.5 - 18 VDC, 10-20 mA (max)

Accuracy:

o 1% Volumetric Soil Moisture

Cable Length: 15 ft.

Connection:

o 3 pin, IP66/IP68 rated environmental connector

Dimensions:

o 3.75" w x 1.5" d x 9.5" l

Weight:

o 1.5 lbs.

Product Advantages

Responds immediately and accurately to changes in soil moisture.

Designed to remain in the soil for the growing season or be installed permanently.

Unit is rugged, easy to use and maintenance-free.

Utilizes TDT technology (Time Domain Transmissometry) which is similar in operating

principle to TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry).

Sensor probes are factory calibrated and can operate in all soils and crops.

Optimizes water use and reduces excessive leaching, saving fertilizer and energy.

Install the Gro-Point sensor in the crop's root zone and read the percentage of soil

moisture on the Gro-Point Display Unit, record it on a Datalogger, or IrriWise Wireless

Radio Crop Monitoring System.

Typical measurement field is 2" in all directions from the outside element.

Sensor Selection Criteria

Gro-Point Sensor 37GP-SS

o Sands with up to 3.0 dS/L salinity

o Silt loam soils up to 1.0 dS/L salinity

Gro-Point Sensor 37GP-HS

o All clay soils (>40% clay particles) regardless of salinity

o Loam soils through clay soil with >2.0 dS/L salinity

Gro-Point Sensors 37GP-MS

o Sands >3.0 dS/L salinity

o Silt loam soils with 1.0 to 3.0 dS/L salinity

o Clay loam soils with up to 2.0 dS/L salinity

RHEOSTAT

A rheostat is an electrical component that has an adjustable resistance. It is a type of

potentiometer that has two terminals instead of three. The two main types of rheostat are the

rotary and slider. The symbol for a rheostat is a resistor symbol with an arrow diagonally across

it. They are used in many different applications, from light dimmers to the motor controllers in

large industrial machines.

How they Work

The basic principle used by rheostats is Ohm's law, which states that current are inversely

proportional to resistance for a given voltage. This means the current decreases as the resistance

increases, or it increases as the resistance decreases. Current enters the rheostat through one of its

terminals, flows through the wire coil and contact, and exits through the other terminal.

Rheostats do not have polarity and operate the same when the terminals are reversed. Three-

terminal potentiometers can be used as rheostats by connecting the unused third terminal to the

contact terminal.

The rheostat is still a common and fundamental electronic component used to control the

flow of current in a circuit. However, it has largely been replaced by the triac, a solid-state

device also known as a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR). A triac do not waste as much power as

a rheostat and has better reliability due to the absence of mechanical parts. Rheostats commonly

fail because their contacts become dirty or the coil wire corrodes and breaks.

COMPARATOR(IC OP-AMP LM324)

Low-Voltage, Rail-to-Rail Output Op Amps.The LMX321/LMX358/LMX324 are

single/dual/quad,low-cost, low-voltage, pin-to-pin compatible upgrades to the

LMV321/LMV358/LMV324 family of general purpose op amps. These devices offer Rail-to-

Rail® outputs and an input common-mode range that extends below ground. These op amps

draw only 105µA of quiescent current per amplifier, operate from a single +2.3V to +7V supply,

and drive resistive loads to within 40mV of either rail. The LMX321/ LMX358/2kΩ LMX324

are unity-gain stable with a 1.3MHz gain-bandwidth product capable of driving capacitive loads

up to 400pF. The combination of low voltage, low cost, and small package size makes these

amplifiers ideal for portable/battery-powered equipment.

Features:

1. Upgrade to LMV321/LMV358/LMV324 Family

2. Single +2.3V to +7V Supply Voltage Range

3. Available in Space-Saving Packages14-Pin TSSOP (LMX324)

4.1.3 MHz Gain-Bandwidth Products

5.105µA Quiescent Current per Amplifier (VCC = +2.7V)

6.No Phase Reversal for Overdriven Inputs

7. No Crossover Distortion

8. Rail-to-Rail Output Swing

9.Input Common-Mode Voltage Range: VEE – 0.2V to VCC – 0.8V

10.Resistive LoadsDrives 2kΩ

Applications:

1. Cellular Phones.

2. Laptops.

3. Low-Power, Low-Voltage Applications.

4. Portable/Battery-Powered Equipment.

5. Cordless Phones.

6. Active Filters.

The OP-AMP is a basic component in the circuits of data acquisition and control. All 8051

based data acquisition board must have used the opAmps in any form, the purpose of use of

OPAMPs in data acquisition system is to interface the sensors and the ADC, the ADC then give

digital data to microcontrollers. Thus Opamp are used in the analog section of the data

acquisition board. Like in this project a furnace is of main concern whose temperature is read, if

the temp is low then set point then heater is switched ON and heater is switched off when

required set point is achieved. Thus we can say that is one of the data acquisition and control

project related to temperature monitoring and control projects based on microcontrollers or

microprocessors.

An operational amplifier IC is a solid-state integrated circuit that uses external feedback to

control its functions. It is one of the most versatile devices in all of electronics. The term ‘op-

amp’ was originally used to describe a chain of high performance dc amplifiers that was used as

a basis for the analog type computers of long ago. The very high gain op-amp IC’s our days uses

external feedback networks to control responses. The op-amp without any external devices is

called ‘open-loop’ mode, referring actually to the so-called ‘ideal’ operational amplifier with

infinite open-loop gain, input resistance, bandwidth and a zero output resistance. However, in

practice no op-amp can meet these ideal characteristics.

The operational amplifier is used in the applications in filter, in wave generation,

mathematical operations, and analog to digital and digital to analog conversions

Offset voltage at the input of an operational amplifier is comprised of two components; these

components are identified in specifying the amplifier as input offset voltage and input bias

current. The input offset voltage is fixed for a particular amplifier, however the contribution due

to input bias current is dependent on the circuit configuration used. For minimum offset voltage

at the amplifier input without circuit adjustment the source resistance for both inputs should be

equal.

The gain-frequency characteristic of the amplifier and its feedback network must be such

that oscillation does not occur. To meet this condition, the phase shift through amplifier and

feedback network must never exceed 180 degree for any frequency where the gain of the

amplifier and its feedback network is greater than unity. In practical applications, the phase shift

should not approach 180 degree since this is the situation of conditional stability. Obviously the

most critical case occurs when the attenuation of the feedback network is zero.

DIODE

A Diode is a two terminal electronic component that conducts electric current only in one

direction. The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current in one direction

(called the forward direction) while blocking current in the opposite direction (the reverse

direction).

However, diodes can have more complicated behavior than this simple on-off action.

Semiconductor diodes do not begin conducting electricity until a certain threshold voltage is

present in the forward direction (a state in which the diode is said to be forward biased). The

voltage drop across a forward biased diode varies only a little with the current, and is a function

of temperature; this effect can be used as a temperature sensor or voltage reference.

Semiconductor diodes have non-linear electrical characteristics, which can be tailored by

varying the construction of their P-N junction. These are exploited in special purpose diodes that

perform many different functions. For example, diodes are used to regulate voltage (Zenor

diodes), to protect circuits from high voltage surges (Avalanche diodes), to electronically tune

radio and TV receivers (varactor diodes), to generate radio frequency oscillations (tunnel diodes,

Gunn diodes, IMPATT diodes), and to produce light (light emitting diodes). Tunnel diodes

exhibit negative resistance, which makes them useful in some types of circuits.

RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a

switching mechanism mechanically, but other operating principles are also used. Relays are used

where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal (with complete electrical isolation

between control and controlled circuits), or where several circuits must be controlled by one

signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits, repeating the signal coming

in from one circuit and re-transmitting it to another. Relays were used extensively in telephone

exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor is

called a contactor. Solid-state relays control power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a

semiconductor device to perform switching. Relays with calibrated operating characteristics and

sometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults;

in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still

called "protective relays".

BASIC DIAGRAM OF INDUCTION RELAY

A simple electromagnetic relay consists of a coil of wire surrounding a soft iron core, an

iron yoke which provides a low reluctance path for magnetic flux, a movable iron armature, and

one or more sets of contacts (there are two in the relay pictured). The armature is hinged to the

yoke and mechanically linked to one or more sets of moving contacts. It is held in place by a

spring so that when the relay is de-energized there is an air gap in the magnetic circuit. In this

condition, one of the two sets of contacts in the relay pictured is closed, and the other set is open.

Other relays may have more or fewer sets of contacts depending on their function. The relay in

the picture also has a wire connecting the armature to the yoke. This ensures continuity of the

circuit between the moving contacts on the armature, and the circuit track on the printed circuit

board (PCB) via the yoke, which is soldered to the PCB.

inductor

When an electric current is passed through the coil it generates a magnetic field that

attracts the armature and the consequent movement of the movable contact either makes or

breaks (depending upon construction) a connection with a fixed contact. If the set of contacts

was closed when the relay was de-energized, then the movement opens the contacts and breaks

the connection, and vice versa if the contacts were open. When the current to the coil is switched

off, the armature is returned by a force, approximately half as strong as the magnetic force, to its

relaxed position. Usually this force is provided by a spring, but gravity is also used commonly in

industrial motor starters. Most relays are manufactured to operate quickly. In a low-voltage

application this reduces noise; in a high voltage or current application it reduces arcing.

ELECTICAL MOTOR

It is used to supply water to plants.

An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Most electric motors operate through the interaction of magnetic fields and current-

carrying conductors to generate force. The reverse process, producing electrical energy from

mechanical energy, is done by generators such as an alternator or a dynamo; some electric

motors can also be used as generators, for example, a traction motor on a vehicle may perfom

both tasks. . Electric motors and generators are commonly referred to as electric machines.

Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps,

machine tools, household appliances, power tools, and disk drives. They may be powered by

direct current (e.g., a battery powered portable device or motor vehicle), or by alternating current

from a central electrical distribution grid or inverter. The smallest motors may be found in

electric wristwatches. Medium-size motors of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics

provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are

used for propulsion of ships, pipeline compressors, and water pumps with ratings in the millions

of watts. Electric motors may be classified by the source of electric power, by their internal

construction, by their application, or by the type of motion they give.

The physical principle of production of mechanical force by the interactions of an

electric current and a magnetic field was known as early as 1821. Electric motors of increasing

efficiency were constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric

motors on a large scale required efficient electrical generators and electrical distribution

networks.

Motor rating is 230V AC, 2KW.

ADVANTAGES

_ Highly sensitive

_ Works according to the soil condition

_ Fit and Forget system

_ Low cost and reliable circuit

_ Complete elimination of manpower

_ Can handle heavy loads up to 7A

_ System can be switched into manual mode whenever required

APPLICATIONS

_ Roof Gardens_ Lawns_ Agriculture Lands_ Home Gardens

CONCLUSION

Even commercial watering systems come in various types. There are stand-alone systems,

which come with pots, water reservoirs, etc. The water reservoirs too, are available in different

designs and patterns. Such systems may or may not have timers. These systems take care of the

water requirements of individual plants. There are multiple plant watering systems that can take

care of a certain number of plants, simultaneously. These systems constitute water tanks, pipes

that supplies water from the tank to individual plants and drips attached to the end of each pipe.

For a garden, sprinkler and drip systems with timers are available. In some sophisticated ones,

even ground sensors are used, so that watering will be done, whenever, the ground gets dry.

While some of watering system works on battery power, some others use power from the mains.

There are simple ones too, that work under gravity. Each type of plant watering system has its

own features, which have to be understood, before investing on it. Select the one, which is best,

suited for your requirement.