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Railway Bosphorus Tube CrossingTunnels and Stations(Marmaray)
Contract BC1
2Business
Black Sea
Marmara Sea
Asian Side
Bosphorus Strait
Bosphorus
•European Side
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1st Bridge
2nd Bridge
Railway Bosphorus Tube Crossing, Tunnels and Stations
Project Location
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Longitudinal Section
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Particular Design Conditions
Design Basis Earthquake : Mw = 7.5
Countermeasure to Liquefaction
Huge Water Pressure : Max. 60m
Rapid Current
Upper Layer (N to S) : Max. 5 knots
(2.5m/sec)
Bottom Layer (S to N) : 1 ~ 1.5 knots
Fire Resistance : 100 Mw Fire
Train with Petrol Fire
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IMMERSE TUNNELConstruction Vehicle
StructureGaugeEscape
Way
Squeeze
Way
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IMMERSE TUNNELConstruction
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Bird View Istanbul Strait Crossing
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Immersion Procedure
Access shaft
Placing Barge
Tunnel Element
TBMTunnel Boring Machine
Asian Side
European Side
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Tunnel Cross and Longitudinal Section
E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 E10 E11
(m)0
-50-60
-10-20-30-40
Armor Protection
Seismic Joint
Sea Bed
ヨーロッパ側アジア側
Seismic Joint
Immerse Tube (1387m)
Tunnel Armor ProtectionArmor Protection Anchor Release Band
Selected Locking FillFoundation
General Backfill
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1000 6350 6350 1000600
VehicleStructure
GaugeEscape
Way
Squeeze
Way
Typical Cross Section of Immersed Tunnel Element
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60
4137 37 36 33 32 32 31 31 30
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Bos
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Fort
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Thim
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Shoa
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Tunn
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Dep
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m (m
)
Comparison Major Tube in the World
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Tuzla Dry Dock TUBE Fabrication
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Immersion Procedure
Marmara Sea Side Black Sea Side
Before Immersion (Anchoring Completion)
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Slurry Type TBM TUNNEL Construction
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European Side Asian Side
Yenikapi UskudarSirkeci
Bosphorus StraitKazlicesme
Airilikcesme
TBM Slurry
TBM Slurry
TBM EPB
TBM Excavation Route
2170m 3343m 4620m
Immerse Tunnel
Yedikule
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TBM(Slurry Type) φ=7,640mm、L=11,000mm
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Tunnel Inside (Asian Side – Sept.07)
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Tunnel Inside (Asian Side – Uskudar Station Breakthrough – July 09)
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NATM TUNNEL Construction
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NATM Works Location
Emergency CROSS PASSAGE(44 Places 200m Interval)
SIRKECI Deep Station
Track CROSS OVER
Drain Pit
USKUDARStation
Track CROSS OVER
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Uskudar Cross Over Tunnel Model
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Uskudar Cross Over Tunnel Excavation
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Lining Concrete
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Bird View around Sirkeci Station
West Ventilation Shaft
East Ventilation Shaft
North Entrance
South Entrance
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Sirkeci Station NATM Works
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Bird View of Uskudar Station Area
Uskudar Sta.
Immersed Tunnel
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Station Excavation
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U/W Concerns
Project of almost prototypical nature – deepest ever submerged
“atypical” connection sea-land tunnels
Strong bi-directional current in the Bosphorus straight
Heavy ship traffic with “reckless” ship owners at times
Due to deep tunnels high water pressure and hence water tightness issues
An overseas contractor moving in unknown cultural environment
Land tunneling under densely built up (historic) areas