AUTOMATIC RAILWAY GATE LEVEL CROSSING

INTRODUCTION:

An automatic railway gate control at unmanned level crossings replacing the gates operated by gate keepers and also the semi automatically operated gates. It deals with two things.

Firstly, it deals with the reduction of time for which the gate is being kept closed.

And secondly, to provide safety to the road users by reducing the accidents that usually occur due to carelessness of road users and at times errors made by the gatekeepers.

Diode

Diode definition:-

Diode is an electronic device with two transmitting terminals that allows electric current to flow in one direction while blocking current in the opposite direction.

Allowing Forward Current

Blocking Reverse Current

Step Down Transformer

Rectifier Circuit

POWER SUPPLY

230 V AC 50 Hz

5V DC

12V step down transformer

Filter(470µf)

5v RegulatorBridge rectifier

ELECTRICITY IN ACTION! A battery (left) connecting to a lightbulb (right), the circuit is

completed when the switch (top) closes. With the circuit closed, electrons can flow, pushed from the negative terminal of the battery through the lightbulb, to the positive terminal.

LED

OR GATE IC : 7432

RELAYS:

•A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate a switching mechanism, but other operating principles are also used.

•Relays find applications where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.

USES OF RELAYS:•Control a high-voltage circuit with a low-voltage signal, as in some types of

modems or audio amplifiers,

•Control a high-current circuit with a low-current signal, as in the starter

solenoid of an automobile,

•Detect and isolate faults on transmission and distribution lines by opening and

closing circuit breakers (protection relays),

IR TRANSMITTER:

IR RECEIVER:

STEPPER MOTOR:

•A stepper motor (or step motor) is a brushless, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number of steps.

•The motor's position can be controlled precisely without any feedback mechanism, as long as the motor is carefully sized to the application.

.

CHARACTERISTICS:

•Stepper motors are constant power devices.

•As motor speed increases, torque decreases.

•Steppers exhibit more vibration than other motor types, as the

discrete step tends to snap the rotor from one position to another.

•This vibration can become very bad at some speeds and can cause

the motor to lose torque (or lose direction).

ALGORITHM:

STEP 1: Start.STEP 2: Set the variables.STEP 3: Make initial settings of the signals for the train and road users.STEP 4: Check for the arrival of the train in either direction by the sensors. If the train is sensed go to STEP 5. Otherwise repeat STEP 4.STEP 5: Make the warning signal for the road users and set the signal for the train.STEP 6: Check for the presence of the obstacle using sensors. If there is no obstacle go to STEP 7. Otherwise repeat STEP 6.STEP 7: Close the gate and stop the buzzer warning.STEP 8: Change the signal for the train.STEP 9: Check for the train departure by the sensors. If the train sensed goto next STEP. Otherwise repeat STEP 9.STEP 10: Open the gate. STEP 11: Go to STEP 3.STEP 12: Stop.

FLOWCHART

The project is an approach to provide the security to our INDIAN RAILWAY transportation. This electronics project is developed for the reduction of human effort. This electronic project is an approach to the modern transportation system.

CONCLUSION:

REFERENCE:

•http://www.seminarprojects.com/search.php

•WWW.SKITRONICS.COM

•WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG

•WWW.GOOGLE.COM