Railway Industry

CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY Any use of this material without specific permission of UMI Asia (Thailand) Ltd. is strictly prohibited

Thailands Railway Industry Overview and Opportunities for Foreign Businesses

February 2014

UMI Asia (Thailand) Ltd.

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UMI ASIA Ltd. has conducted this research study for Swiss Rail to examine the railway industry in Thailand, as part of a series of studies on the railway market in Southeast Asia. This project is aimed at providing insight into the opportunities and challenges prevalent in the Thai railway sector. For this, thorough desk research has been conducted to examine the current railway industry and future expansion plans.

We begin our research by examining the business climate in Thailand, including a brief overview of the economic prospects, political developments and relevant infrastructure quality of the country. Thailand has enjoyed a strong economic growth of 7.6% from 2008 to 2012. Despite the current political climate, this strong

positive trend is expected to continue, with forecasted GDP growth of 4% - 5% in 2014. Thailand has undergone multiple political reforms in the past decade, with the current political tension continuing beyond the

February 2014 election. The uncertain political climate has put on hold several government projects, posing a risk for investment.

The overall quality of infrastructure in Thailand is one of the most developed in the region, with the exception of railways. The government plans to invest heavily in the improvement of the current underdeveloped rail infrastructure, providing a

major opportunity for investment.

Next, we examine the current railway industry, including existing operators, track infrastructure and rolling stock. ! The national rail network expands through major provinces in Thailand with capital city, Bangkok, the only province with urban

mass transit train systems ! There are 4 rail operators in Thailand, 3 of which operate the Bangkok mass transit system

State Railway of Thailand (SRT) is state-owned and the national rail operator in Thailand Total track length of 4,035 km, running on 1,000 mm track gauge (meter gauge) Active rolling stock include 253 locomotives, 1,244 passenger coaches, 5,041 freight wagons

SRT Electrified Train (SRTET) is a subsidiary of SRT, operating the Airport Rail Link in Bangkok Total track length of 28.6 km, running on 1,435 mm track gauge (standard gauge) Uses electric trains from Siemens, operating a total of 9 trains

Bangkok Mass Transit System Company Limited (BTSC) operates the BTS Skytrain in Bangkok Total track length of 36.75 km, running on 1,435 mm track gauge (standard gauge) Uses electric trains from Siemens (35 units) and CNR (12 units)

Bangkok Metro Public Company Limited (BMCL) operates the MRT subway trains in Bangkok Total track length of 20 km, running on 1,435 mm track gauge (standard gauge) Rolling stock compose of 19 trains from Siemens

Executive Summary Current Railway Sector: Thailand (1/2) OVERVIEW


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Several challenges have also been revealed in our study of the railway industry. SRTs fleet is ageing with more than 60% of locomotives at least 30 years old. The ageing fleet and

track infrastructure has contributed to frequent accidents and train derailments in Thailand. State-enterprises such as SRT and SRTET are struggling with financial losses and speculation of

corruption that have increased public scrutiny over government mega-projects Mass rapid transit system in Bangkok struggle to meet demands as the MRT and BTS do not reach

outer Bangkok. Technical problems are also common. Expansion plans within Bangkok requiring the expropriation of land have also faced local resistance The success of the much needed improvement and expansion of rail networks in Thailand will depend on the parliaments approval of the governments THB 2.0 trillion Infrastructure Investment Program. The future of railways in Thailand is composed of high speed rail networks and double-track rails to increase efficiency of freight and passenger traffic. Bangkok will also see an effective mass transit train system that will connect the entire Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Four high speed rail routes are planned throughout the country: (1) Bangkok Chiang Mai; (2)

Bangkok Rayong; (3) Bangkok Nong Kai; (4) Bangkok Padang Besar Six double-track rail network projects are planned to increase the speed of freight and passenger

transport In Bangkok, ten mass rapid transit rail lines are planned to connect outer Bangkok to the city center,

including the extension of two existing MRT and BTS lines Train operators also plan to increase their rolling stock to boost capacity

Executive Summary Challenges and Future Prospect: Thailand (2/2) OVERVIEW


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Contents

Thailand Country overview and economic outlook

Overview of the Thai railway sector

National Railway

Urban Transport


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Thailand is the 2nd largest economy in ASEAN after Indonesia

4

! Total Area: 513,120 sq km ! Administrative divisions: 77 provinces ! Capital City: Bangkok ! Shares border with: Myanmar, Laos,

Cambodia, Malaysia

Population: 67,448,120 (July 2013 est.) Population growth rate: 0.52% (2013 est.) ! Ethnic groups: Thai 75%, Chinese 14%,

Others 11% ! Languages: Thai, English (secondary

language, business language), ethnic and regional dialects

Unemployment rate: 0.7% (2012 est.) Inflation rate: 3% (2012 est.) Total GDP: USD 366,076.10 million (2012

est.) GDP growth: 7.64 % CAGR (2008-2012) Corporate Income Tax: 10-23%

Country Key Facts

Source: Central Intelligence Agency

COUNTRY OVERVIEW


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GDP Thailand 2008 2012 (USD Billion)

! GDP in 2012 was worth USD 365.6 billion

! Average growth rate throughout the past 5 years was 7.6%

! This growth was despite major setbacks of political unrests in 2010, as well as a major flood catastrophe in 2011 which affected major parts of the country, especially industrial areas

! Expected growth in 2014 is 4.0-5.0%

400 390

350

270

370

300

380

360

0

260

340 330 320 310

290 280

10

+4.0-5.0%

2013E 2012

273

2008

+7.6%

266

2009

319

2010

346

2014E 2011

377

3.0%

366

391-395

5

Despite political unrest in 2010 and a major flood in 2011, Thailand had an average annual GDP growth rate of 7.6% from 2008 to 2012

COUNTRY OVERVIEW

Source: World Bank


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In addition to strong economic growth, Thailand is also an attractive investment location in Asia with a very business-friendly environment

6

Thailand ranked globally among the top 10% of countries in terms of ease of doing business

World Bank ease of doing business 2013 (Source: World Bank)

COUNTRY OVERVIEW

Country 2013 Ranking Singapore 1

Malaysia 12

Thailand 18 Brunei 79

China 91

Vietnam 99

Indonesia 128

Cambodia 133

Philippines 138

Laos 163

1 Study analyzes and ranks the top 50 countries worldwide as the best destinations for providing outsourcing activities, including IT services and support, contact centers and back-office support

Country 2011 Ranking Malaysia 3

Indonesia 5

Thailand 7 Vietnam 8

Philippines 9

Singapore 32

Thailand is among the top countries in the world in terms of services, with a strong and continuously improving IT infrastructure

Source: World Bank, AT Kearny

AT Kearny Global Services Location Index 20111 (Source: AT Kearny)


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The overall infrastructure of Thailand is among the highest ranked in Southeast Asia, with only rail infrastructure still lagging behind

7

Region Country Overall Rail Roads Port Air

Southeast Asia

Thailand 61 72 42 56 34

Indonesia 82 44 78 89 68

Vietnam 110 58 102 98 92

Myanmar 146 104 138 136 146

Asia Pacific

China 74 20 54 59 65

India 85 19 84 70 61

Europe Switzerland 1 2 8 40 7

Germany 10 7 11 9 8

North America

United States 19 17 18 16 18

Quality of Infrastructure (Ranking out of 148 countries)

Currently, the quality of roads and air transport in Thailand are among the highest ranked in Asia Pacific

Thailand is, however, behind in its railway development compared to other selected Southeast Asian countries

The government is dedicating approximately 80% of their THB 2.0 trillion infrastructure development plans to railway expansion projects, to be completed in 2020

COUNTRY OVERVIEW

Source: World Economic Forum: Global Competitiveness Report 2013


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Thailands political system is a constitutional monarchy

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! Demonstrators in Bangkok seeking to oust Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra sparked the most violent anti-government clashes in more than three years

! Thai Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra has dissolved parliament in December 2013

! Thai government proposed new election in February 2014 with opposition from the anti-government protestors

Current Political Situations

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, Bangkok Post Dec 2013

Despite facing a number of political challenges, Thailand has made great progress in social and economic issues

Economic growth forecast for 2014 is approximately 4.8% (Bank of Thailand)

Potential impact on the schedule of government mega-projects and foreign investments

However, any government can be expected to proceed with infrastructure expansion projects

Political Effects to Thai Economy

Political System in Thailand

! Government type: Constitutional Monarchy

Executive branch: - Chief of State: King Bhumibhol

Adulyadej (since 9 June 1946) - Head of Government: Prime

Minister Yingluck Shinawatra - Cabinet: Council of Ministers

Legislative branch: - Bi-cameral National Assembly or

Rathasapha consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate

Judicial branch: - Independent of the executive

and the legislative branches - Constitutional Court plays a

major role in protecting the constitution

COUNTRY OVERVIEW


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Opportunities With strong FDI policies in place, Thailand holds many opportunities for future foreign investments

COUNTRY OVERVIEW

Source: Team analysis

Description

As the 2nd biggest economies in the ASEAN region, Thailand is a good gateway to the rest of the region

One of the key priorities in the actualization of AEC is ASEAN connectivity. Future rail networks will connect the entire region with linkages to special economic zones and ports

Realization of the ASEAN Economic Community in 2015

Thailands modal shift from road to rail transport

Under the government infrastructure investment program of THB 2.0 trillion, more than 80% is allocated to railways

The key focus of this program is to cause a modal shift from road to rail transport in order to increase the efficiency of freight transport and to decrease overall logistics cost in the country

Strong upward trend in passenger ridership for mass transit trains in Bangkok

High rankings for ease of doing business

According to a survey for the ease of doing business (2013) conducted by World Bank, Thailand ranked 18th globally and 3rd in ASEAN

Availability of highly skilled labor Thailand is well located to facilitate cargo transportation as it has access to

multiple sea ports. Future improvements of railway to enhance logistics will further push Thailand to be the logistics hub of ASEAN

Currently underdeveloped rail infrastructure

Despite strong rankings in quality of roads and air transport, Thailand is behind in railway developments

This offers many opportunities for railway solution providers to offer their products, not just for new infrastructure development, but also for upgrades of existing tracks and rolling stock


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Risks Despite various opportunities in Thailand, the country also faces some challenges

COUNTRY OVERVIEW

Several political unrests have erupted in Thailand in the past decade, causing some delays in government mega projects

Decrease in GDP growth forecast from 5% to 4.8% due to decrease in exports following political unrest

Political uncertainty

Description

Corruption

According to the Corruption Perceptions Index 2013, Thailand ranked 102 out of 177 countries. In ASEAN, Thailand ranks below Brunei, Singapore, Malaysia and the Philippines in corruption level

Local networks are fundamentally important to conducting business in Thailand



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Contents



National Railway

Urban Transport


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The history of railway in Thailand goes back 123 years OVERVIEW OF THE THAI RAILWAY SECTOR

Source: State Railway of Thailand; Web research

Year

1891

1894

1917

1920

1945

1951

1968 1999

2004

2010

Event

Royal Proclamation for to the construction on the first state railway line in Siam from Bangkok to Nakhon Ratchasima in the Northeast

Foundation Laying ceremony, presided over by H.M. King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) on March 9, 1891

Construction undertaken by British engineers under G.M. Campbell First rail service between Bangkok and Ayutthaya on March 26, 1894 Bangkok Tram service installed in late 1890s and continuously expanded Two parallel systems of 1000 mm gauge (Southern Railway Department) and 1435

mm gauge (Northern Railway Department) co-exist On June 5, 1917, Northern and Southern Railway Departments were merged to form

the Royal State Railway of Siam (RSR)

Royal Decision to standardize the track gauge to be 1000 mm, with conversion to be completed within 10 years

Most of Thailands railway infrastructure is destroyed through air-raids during World War II

Royal State Railway of Siam becomes a state enterprise and is renamed to State Railway of Thailand (SRT)

Bangkoks Tram service is cancelled due to low passenger traffic Bangkok Mass Transit System (BTS; also called Skytrain), mainly built to alleviate

heavy traffic in the city, starts operation on December 5, 1999; the service is operated by Bangkok Mass Transit System Public Co. Ltd. (BTSC)

Bangkoks underground train, Metropolitan Rapid Transit (MRT) starts operation on July 3, 2004; the service is operated by privately-owned Bangkok Metro Company Ltd. (BMCL)

Bangkoks Airport Rail Link, operated by SRT, starts services between the city center and Suvarnabhumi International Airport


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Thailands rail system has continuously grown over time, and is about to face another major expansion

OVERVIEW OF THE THAI RAILWAY SECTOR

Source: State Railway of Thailand, Reuters

Future outlook Significant expansion of railway

tracks by 67% compared to current network

Government plans to build high-speed railway connections to major cities within Thailand:

Phase 1: Bangkok Nakhon Rachasima (260km)

Phase 2: Bangkok Chiangmai (700km)

Phase 3: Bangkok Hua Hin (200km)

Future plans for further expansion to connect neighbouring countries:

Bangkok Vientiane / Laos (615km)

Bangkok Padang Basar / Malaysia (980km)

+67%

2017e 2013 1946 1924 1910 1868 2020e

Development of track km over time (kilometer of tracks in Thailand)


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There are 4 railway operators in Thailand (1/2) OVERVIEW OF THE THAI RAILWAY SECTOR

Source: State Railway of Thailand; BTS; MRTA; Web research

State Railway of Thailand (SRT) State Railway of Thailand Electrified Train (SRTET) Brief description State-owned rail operator with nation-wide

connections to major cities in Thailand Operating train services since 1890 The SRT operates all of Thailand's national rail

lines, with Hua Lamphong (or Krungthep Station) being the main passenger terminal for all routes

Operations Currently, total track length of 4,035 km,

connecting the North, Northeast, East, and South of Thailand

Extension of 1,160 km planned and additional 1,595 km under discussion

Active fleet of 483 tractive stock: 222 Diesel Electric Locomotives 31 Diesel Hydraulic Locomotives 230 Diesel Multiple Units

Brief description Subsidiary of the state-owned rail operator SRT

operating only in Bangkok Operates the Airport Rail Link train system

which connects Suvarnabhumi Airport to central Bangkok since 2010

Operations Currently, total track length of 28.6 km

connecting only Suvarnabhumi Airport to central Bangkok

Plans to extend the Airport Rail Link to Don Mueng Airport

Train fleet consists of the Siemens Desiro class 360/2

Total of 9 trains in operation


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There are 4 railway operators in Thailand (2/2) OVERVIEW OF THE THAI RAILWAY SECTOR

Source: State Railway of Thailand; BTS; MRTA; Web research

Bangkok Mass Transit System Company Limited (BTSC)

Bangkok Metro Public Company Limited (BMCL)

Brief description Subsidiary of BTS Group Holdings under a

concession granted by the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)

Operates the BTS elevated rapid transit system serving the Bangkok Metropolitan Region

In operation since 1999

Operations Total track length 36.75 km with 2 lines

between Central Business District and surrounding areas in 4 directions (N, W, E, S)

Rolling stock from Siemens (35 trains, since 1999) and China Northern Railway Bombardier Joint Venture (12 trains, since 2010)

Brief description Under a concession granted by the Mass Rapid

Transit Authority of Thailand (MRTA) Operates the MRT underground rapid transit

system serving the Bangkok Metropolitan Region

In operation since 2004

Operations Total track length 20 km with currently only one

line, connecting Hua Lamphong central train station with the Central Business District and northern suburbs

Rolling stock from Siemens (19 trains, since 2004)


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Three governing bodies oversee Thailands railway systems

16

MOT Ministry of Transport

Gov

erni

ng B

odie

s O

pera

tors

Tr

ain

syst

ems

SRT State Railway of

Thailand

SRTET SRT Electrified Train

BMCL Bangkok Metro Public

Company Limited

BTSC Bangkok Mass Transit

System Company Limited

BMA Bangkok Metropolitan

Administration

Airport Rail Link High Speed Train National Rail MRT (Underground Train)

BTS (Skytrain)

Bangkok National

State Enterprises

Private Companies

OVERVIEW OF THE THAI RAILWAY SECTOR Government Bodies

MRTA Mass Rapid Transit

Authority

Subsidiary

Future



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Entity Roles / Responsibilities Relevance G

over

ning

Bod

ies

Ministry of Transport (MOT) ! Policy maker for transportation-related business, traffic planning, transport infrastructure

! Propose transport projects to parliament

! Oversees all transport activities and related agencies

Mass Rapid Transit Authority (MRTA) ! Study, analyze, and formulate projects concerning mass rapid transit in Bangkok and its vicinity (as well as other appointed provinces)

! Project owner of most Bangkok mass transit lines

! Provides concession to BMCL (25% owner)

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)

! Formulate and implement policies regarding the management of Bangkok: transport services, urban planning, waste management, housing, roads and highways, security services and the environment.

! Project owner of several Bangkok mass transit lines

! Provide concession to BTSC

Reg

ulat

ors Office of Transport and Traffic Policy

and Planning (OTP) ! Planning of policies, safety, unity of national transport ! In accordance to the policies of Ministry of Transport

! Regulators

Department of Land and Transport (DLT)

! Systemize, regulate land transport, implement plans ! Regulators

Ope

rato

rs

State Railway of Thailand (SRT) ! Operator of national railways and future high speed trains ! National railway operator

SRT Electric Train (SRTET) ! Operator of the Airport Rail Link that connects central Bangkok to Suvarnabhumi Airport

! Subsidiary of SRT

Bangkok Metro Public Company Limited (BMCL)

! Operator of the MRT (underground train) in Bangkok ! Other business segments: commercial development

! MRT operator

Bangkok Mass Transit System Company Limited (BTSC)

! Operator of the BTS (skytrain) in Bangkok ! Other business segments: property, media, services

! BTS operator

Relevant entities in Thailands railway system have clearly defined roles OVERVIEW OF THE THAI RAILWAY SECTOR

Source: Ministry of Transport; Web research


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The Thai railway sector faces several challenges, which is reflected in the low international ranking of rail infrastructure quality

18


! The SRTs trains are very old and run mostly on single-track rails; average train speeds are only 39 km/hour for freight and 60 km/hour for passenger trains

! Train delays are common due to under-maintained tracks

! The Bangkok mass rapid transit system are only concentrated in the CBD, with a reach of only 7.6 km per million people

! Safety is a major concern, with several train derailments each year

Source: Global Competitiveness Report (WEF); Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning (OTP)

Country Rail Road Port Air Overall

Japan 1 12 30 37 14

Switzerland 2 8 40 7 1

Hong Kong 3 5 3 2 2

Singapore 10 7 2 1 5

Malaysia 18 23 24 20 25

Indonesia 44 78 89 68 82

Vietnam 58 102 98 92 110

Thailand 72 42 56 34 61

Philippines 89 87 116 113 98

Myanmar 104 138 136 146 146

Quality of Infrastructure (Ranking out of 148 countries)


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Within the Governments THB 2.0 trillion Infrastructure Investment Program, a major portion will go to railway projects

19 Source: Ministry of Transport; Web Research, Phatra Securities

Out of the Governments THB 2.0 trillion infrastructure program

Key Points: Plan to secure 2.0 trillion baht by year 2020

for transportation infrastructure development Key focus is to cause a modal shift from

road to rail transport

Key Objectives: Cut logistics cost from 15.2% to 13.2% of

GDP Create 1.6mn jobs Annual GDP growth of 1% Details: Rail expansion is split into 3 types of

projects (High Speed Rail, Double Tracks, and Urban Transport)

Road projects include the construction of highways, bridges, and railway crossings

Status: Awaiting approval of bill by Parliament

83% are allocated to railway projects

THB 1.66 trillion (USD 55.3 billion) to be used for rail network

Others

2%

Water1%Road

Rail

83%


100% = THB 2.0 trillion (USD 66.7 bn)


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Railway expansion projects can be broken down into 3 groups of projects

20 Source: 1Bangkok Post, 26 July 2013; Web research, 2Phatra Securities, Ministry of Transport

Major expansion projects (2013-2020)

High Speed Trains Project owner: SRT (initially, then spun off as separate)2 Track length: 1,447 km Connectivity: (1) BKK-Chiang Mai, (2) BKK-Nong Kai, (3)

BKK-Rayong, (4) BKK-Padang Besar Planned spent for expansion: approximately THB 780

billion (USD 26 billion) Project Timeline: 2013-2018 Double-Track Rail Improvements Project owner: SRT Track length: 2,857 km by year 2020 Connectivity: 43 provinces Planned spent for expansion: approximately THB 398

billion (USD 13 billion) Project Timeline: 2013-2020 Bangkok Mass Transit Systems Project owner: SRT, SRTET, MRTA, BMA Possible operators: SRT, SRTET, BMCL, BTSC Track length: 421.55 km Connectivity: 10 lines Planned spent for expansion: approximately THB 465

billion (USD 16 billion) Project Timeline: 2013-2020

Breakdown of rail budget allocation1

BKK Mass Transit systems

28%

Double- Track rail

24%

High Speed Trains

47%


100% = THB 1.66 trillion (USD 55.3 bn)


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Railway expansion will commence promptly after the approval of the Infrastructure Investment Program by parliament

21


2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

! Bidding process for mass rapid transit lines (1) Light red line (2) Dark red line (3) Green line (Mochit Kukot) (4) Pink line (5) Orange line (6) Yellow line

! Bidding process for high-speed rail lines to connect Suvanarnabhumi Airport (via Airport Rail Link) Chonburi Pattaya Rayong

! Maintenance and repair of tracks, sleepers, bridges and fences

Activity

! Bidding process for new SRT line (Baan Pa Chi Nakorn Luang) ! Bidding process for the construction of 6 double-rail tracks

State Railway of Thailand (SRT) ! Bidding process for the construction of 3 high-speed rail lines

(BKK-Chiangmai, BKK-Pitsanulok, BKK-Padang Besar)

! Bidding process for new SRT line (Baan Pai Nakorn Panom)

! Bidding process for new SRT line (Den Chai Chiang Rai Chiang Kong)

Bangkok Mass Transit ! Construction of ongoing projects

Purple line (Bangyai-Bangsue) Blue line (Hua lamphong-Bangkae and Bangsue-Tha Pra) Green line (Bearing-samutprakan)

! Bidding process for mass rapid transit line: (1) Green line (Samut Prakarn Bang Pu) (2) Connection of Suvarnabhumi Airport to Don Muang Airport (Bang Sue / Phayathai)

! Bidding process for 5 double-rail tracks

Source: Ministry of Transport; as of 30 July 2013


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The majority of spending will happen during 2016-2018

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Planned investment for transportation infrastructure (2013-2020) (THB Billion; Cumulative spend in Percent)


200

30%

250

20%

0

300

350

10%

0

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

100%

90%

400

450

500

50

100

150

2015

0

150

293

2016 2017

426 471

372

172

95

2013 2014 2019 2020 2018

Cumulative spend Planned Investment

Source: Ministry of Transport; as of 30 July 2013


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Contents



National Railway

State Railway of Thailand (SRT)

Urban Transport


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Table of Contents STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)


1. General overview

2. Track infrastructure

3. Rolling stock

4. Key statistics and additional information

5. Current challenges

6. Expansion plans


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Company Profile: State Railway of Thailand (SRT) STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)

Source: State Railway of Thailand; Web research, Ministry of Transport: Budget 2556 Presentation

Current Budget (THB million)1

Track data Track length: 4,035 km Track gauge: 1,000 mm Northern Line, Northeastern Line, Eastern Line,

South Line, Mae Klong Mostly single-track rails

Company Description SRT is a state-owned enterprise; in operation since 1890 SRT operates the nation-wide rail network and also owns the SRTET, a subsidiary that

operates the Airport Rail Link in Bangkok

Ownership structure (Percent)

Rolling stock Total of 253 locomotives in use, including Diesel

Electric Locomotives and Diesel Hydraulic Locomotives

Total of 1244 passenger coaches in use Total of 5041 freight wagons in use

State-owned

100%

Logo

Used 79%

Remaining budget

Liability 16% 5%

1 As of 30 Jun 2013

100% = 18,061.27


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Organization Chart of SRT STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)


Board of Commissioners [Ms. Soithip Traisuth]

Internal Audit Department [Mr. Kriangkrai Nuchlamyong]

Property Management Bureau [Ms. Moleemas Chatrakom]

Verify Control and Evaluation Division [Mr. Podchana Vipatawat]

Governor [Mr. Prapas Jongsa-nguan]

Legal Bureau [Mr. Vitoon Sansoen]

Chief Operation [Mr. Sipith Thetha]

Business Unit Traffic Management

[Mr. Prachak Manotham]

Governor Bureau [Mr. Surat Dabmai]

Public Relation and Tourism Services Center

[Ms. Montakarn Sriwilas]

Policy, Planning, Service, Research and Development Bureau [Mr. Aek Sithiwaekin]

Board of Commissioners, Coordination and Secretarial Center [Mr. Vichai Kasisopa]

Deputy Governor Administration [Mr. Viroj Triampongpat]

Business Unit Property Management [Mr. Prasert Atthanan]

Business Unit Maintenance

[Mr. Sitthipong Promla]

Deputy Governor Infrastructure 1 [Mr. Pakorn Tangjaedsakao]

Deputy Governor Infrastructure 2 [Mr. Kamol Tangkijcharoenchai]

Civil Engineering Department [Mr. Suprapas Saeneewong Na

Ayuthaya]

Special Project and Construction Department

[Mr. Charae Rungthanee]

Signalling and Telecommunications Department

[Mr. Soonthorn Balyor]

Electrified Rail Management Bureau

[Mr. Sitthichai Boonsermsuk]

Personnel Department [Mr. Peerapat Pantrakarn]

Finance and Accounting Department

[Mr. Peeradej Nukwan]

Information System Department [Mr. Awirut Thongnet]

Stores Department [Mr. Thaweesak Sutthiserm ]

Medical Bureau [Dr. Laksamee Riankittiwat]

Risk Management Center [Ms. Suwan Kliangpraneet]

Railway Police Division [Pol.Maj.Gen. Surapong

Siripakdee]

Traffic Department [Mr. Charaspan Racharothai]

Marketing Department [Mr. Worawuth Mala]

Container Transport Bureau [Mr. Kanuan Kamnak]

Property Management and Development Department [Mr. Paisarn Subrungroj]

Mechanical Engineering Department

[Mr. Narongrit Siwasaroj]

SRTET Co., Ltd. Airport Rail Link


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1. General overview


3. Rolling stock



6. Expansion plans


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SRTs total rail network covers 4,035 km of track STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)


Current route network

Northern Route Track length: 781 km Key Cities: Ayutthaya, Lopburi, Pitsanulok, Chiangmai Connection frequency: 23 times per day Travel duration: ~12 hours (BKK-Chiangmai) Northeastern Route Track length: 1,093 km Key Cities: Saraburi, Nakhon Ratchasima, Ubon Ratchathani, Konkaen, Udon

Thani, Nongkhai Connection frequency: 17 times per day Travel duration: ~13 hours (BKK-Nong Khai) Eastern Route Track length: 527 km Key Cities: Chachoengsao, Chonburi, Pattaya, Sattahip Connection frequency: 12 times per day Travel duration: ~4 hours (BKK-Pattaya) Southern Route Track length: 1,569 km Key Cities: Chumphol, Surat Thani, Hat Yai (on to Singapore) Connection frequency: 13 times per day Travel duration: ~22 hours (BKK-Sungai Kolok) Mae Klong Route Track length: 65 km Key Cities: Samut SongKhram Connection frequency: 8 times per day Travel duration: ~1 hour (Ban Leam-Mae Klong)


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Out of SRTs 4,035 km of track, 93% are currently single track STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)


Thailands track infrastructure by type1 (Track km)

Single Track Double Track Triple Track

173

Total

107

93% 4% 3% 100% 1 Numbers as of 2009; excludes commercial tracks / separate track systems


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Most sleepers are mono concrete block type sleepers

30 Source: State Railway of Thailand; Web research

STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)

1 Numbers as of 2009; excludes commercial tracks / separate track systems

Breakdown of sleepers by type1 (Track km)

4,429

253

2,637 Mono concrete block

1,539

Total

Wooden block

Two concrete block

Sleeper count (Number)

2,565,002

4,794,889

459,304

7,819,195


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In main routes, most of the old rails are 70 pound-type, while new rails are 100 pound-type

31

Total 4,364

100 Pound 1,423

80-85 Pound 811

70-75 Pound 1,738

60 Pound 335

50 Pound

Breakdown of rails by type1 (Track km)

Age (Years)

>47

>44

45

34

4-10

Main Routes





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More than half of the rails in Mahachai Mae Klong Route are 50-60 pound-type, all of which are over 40 years old

32

Mahachai Mae Klong Route

Total

70 Pound

50-60 Pound



Breakdown of rails by type1 (Track km)

Age (Years)

>40

41



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1. General overview


3. Rolling stock



6. Expansion plans


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For tractive stock, SRT has a total of 253 locomotives in use

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Diesel Electric Locomotive Total In Use Age (Years) ! GEA 38 36 16 ! HID 22 21 19 ! ADD 20 19 27 ! ALD 8 8 29 ! AHK 30 29 31-32 ! ALS 46 46 37-38 ! GE 46 46 45-48 ! DA.500 14 14 57-60 ! DA.1000 3 3 56-57

Total 227 222

Diesel Hydraulic Locomotive Total In Use Age (Years) ! KP 14 14 43 ! HE 6 6 48 ! HU 1 1 47 ! HAS 10 10 26-27

Total 31 31

Source: State Railway of Thailand; fiscal year 2012


Tractive Stock


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For tractive stock, SRT has a total of 230 Diesel Multiple Units in use

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Diesel Multiple Units Total In Use Age (Years) ! HI-Renovate 63 63 41-45 ! THN 40 38 29 ! NKF 62 62 27 ! ATR 11 11 27 ! ASR 20 17 21 ! APD.20 12 12 16 ! APD.60 20 19 16 ! APN.20 8 8 16

Total 236 230



Tractive Stock


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Fleet age is a major challenge for SRT, with most of its tractive stock between 26-30 years old

36


Age profile of SRTs tractive stock (Number of locomotives and DMUs per age group)

46-50 years

>50 years 31-35 years

36-40 years

41-45 years

16-20 years

21-25 years

15 years or less

26-30 years



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Details on SRTs Locomotive fleet (1/5) STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)


CM22-7i (GEA) 4523-4560

Technical Details Manufacturer: General Electric Numbers: 4523 4560 Year(s) built: 1995-1996 Quantity: 38 Horsepower: 2,860 (2 x 1,430) Max Speed: 100 km/h Note: Second batch of Main Line

Locomotive Programme, use Cummins KTA-50L engine

8FA-36C (HID) 4501-4522

Technical Details Manufacturer: Hitachi Numbers: 4501 4522 Year(s) built: 1993 Quantity: 22 Horsepower: 2,860 (2 x 1,430) Max Speed: 100 km/h Note: First batch of Main Line

Locomotive Programme, used MAN B&W Diesel engine in short term, then replaced by Cummins KTTA-50L engine, later modified to KTA-50L


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AD24C (ADD) 4401-4420 AD24C (ALD) 4301-4309

Technical Details Manufacturer: Alsthom Numbers: 4401 4420 Year(s) built: 1985 Quantity: 20 Horsepower: 2,400 Max Speed: 100 km/h Note: Fourth and last batch of AD24C

Technical Details Manufacturer: Alsthom Numbers: 4301 4309 Year(s) built: 1983 Quantity: 9 Horsepower: 2,400 Max Speed: 100 km/h Note: Third batch of AD24C


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AD24C (AHK) 4201-4230 AD24C (ALS) 4101-4154

Technical Details Manufacturer: Alsthom, Henschel, and Krupp Numbers: 4201 4230 Year(s) built: 1980 Quantity: 30 Horsepower: 2,400 Max Speed: 100 km/h Note: Second batch of AD24C, built

under license by Henschel and Krupp

Technical Details Manufacturer: Alsthom Numbers: 4101 4154 Year(s) built: 1974-75 Quantity: 54 Horsepower: 2,400 Max Speed: 90 km/h Note: First batch of AD24

locomotives


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M1500BB (KP) 3101-3130 UM12C (GE) 4001-4050

Technical Details Manufacturer: Krupp and Krauss-Maffei Numbers: 3101 3130 Year(s) built: 1969 Quantity: 30 Horsepower: 1,500 Max Speed: 90 km/h Note: Diesel Hydraulic Locomotive

Technical Details Manufacturer: General Electric Numbers: 4001 4050 Year(s) built: 1964 and 1966 Quantity: 50 Horsepower: 1,320 (2 x 660) Max Speed: 90 km/h Note: Plans for refurbishment after

2010


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DH1200BB (HE) 3001-3027

Technical Details Manufacturer: Henschel Numbers: 3001 3027 Year(s) built: 1964 Quantity: 27 Horsepower: 1,200 Max Speed: 90 km/h Note: All locomotives except #3015

are withdrawn; #3026 preserved; Some of them were sold to Italian-Thai construction and rebuilt by Vossloh, rest were scrapped


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Details on SRTs Diesel Multiple Units (1/4) STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)

RHN

Technical Details Manufacturer: Hitachi Numbers: 1011-1028 (power cars)

11-48 (trailer cars) Year(s) built: 1967 Horsepower: 220 Max Speed: 90 km/h Note: Now used as a Northeastern

line commuter train.

RTS

Technical Details Manufacturer: Tokyu Numbers: D9-D16 (power cars)

TS4-TS7 (central/trailer cars) Year(s) built: 1971 Horsepower: 220 Max Speed: 70 km/h Note: Ex-Mahachai railways, to be

refurbished. Similar bodyshell of THN and NKF but with different formation (power car-2 trailer cars).



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THN NKF

Technical Details Manufacturer: Tokyu, Hitachi, Nippon Sharyo Numbers: 1101-1140 Year(s) built: 1983 Horsepower: 235 Max Speed: 105 km/h Note: Similar to NKF

Technical Details Manufacturer: Nippon Sharyo, Hitachi, Fuji

Heavy Industries, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Niigata Takkousho, Kinki Sharyo

Numbers: 1201-1264 (center), 2101-2112 Year(s) built: 1985 Horsepower: 235 Max Speed: 105 km/h Note: Similar to THN, but with plastic

chairs


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ASR (Class 158 Express Sprinter) APD.20

Technical Details Manufacturer: BREL, Derby Works Numbers: 2501-2512 (center), 2113-2120 Year(s) built: 1991 Horsepower: 285 Max Speed: 120 km/h Note: Metre gauge version of British

Rail Class 158, with different gangways and couplers. 3-car set. Some of them have been refurbished with new seats, vinyl floor and new livery

Technical Details Manufacturer: Daewoo Heavy Industries Numbers: 2513-2524 (center), 2121-2128 Year(s) built: 1995 Horsepower: 298 Max Speed: 120 km/h Note: First batch, narrow body.


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APD.60

Technical Details Manufacturer: Daewoo Heavy Industries Numbers: 2525-2544 Year(s) built: 1996 Horsepower: 298 Max Speed: 120 km/h Note: Second batch, wide body.


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In terms of trailing stock, SRT 6,329 units are in use

46

Freight Wagons Total In Use Age (Years) ! 4-wheels 2322 1919 25-110 ! 8-wheels 3310 3117 2-86 ! 12-wheels 5 5 20

Total 5637 5041

Passenger Cars Total In Use Age (Years) ! Air conditioned 292 285 15-53 ! Non air conditioned 770 766 29-88 ! Food selling 60 59 38-83 ! Baggage 79 75 31-97 ! Others (non-commercial) 15 15 45-99

Total 1260 1244

Service Cars Total In Use Age (Years) ! Emergency bogie 27 27 59-92 ! Track maintenance bogie 17 17 36-97

Total 44 44



Trailing Stock


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Freight wagons are classified into 3 types

47

Type 1: Covered Goods Wagon

! For goods that may be damaged from exposure to sunlight, wind and rain or goods that are flammable or dangerous

! 4-wheel cars: for cargo with weight limit of 13,500-15,000 kilograms ! 8-wheel cars: for cargo with weight limit of 25,000-36,000 kilograms

Type 2: Uncovered Goods Wagon

! 4 wheels: for cargo with weight limit of 13,500-15,000 kilograms ! 8 wheels: for cargo with weight limit of 23,000-28,000 kilograms

Type 3: Specific Job



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Details on SRTs Type 1 Freight Wagons (1/2) STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT)


Covered Goods Wagon (CG) Bogic Covered Goods Wagon (BCG)

Technical Details Manufacturer: Fuji Japan Model: 150401-151240 Dimensions: 2300 x 6900 x 3310 mm

(WxLxH) Wheels: 4 Weight: 8.90 tons (empty), 23.9 tons

(full) Goods weight: Max 13,500-15,000 kg Used since: 1965

Technical Details Manufacturer: Korea Models: 25001-25158 Dimensions: 2400 x 13200 x 3380 mm




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Salt Wagon (SW) Salt Wagon (SW)

Technical Details Manufacturer: Yosoki Japan Model: 61-130 Dimensions: 2127 x 6550 x 3149 mm



Technical Details Manufacturer: Belgium Models: 15001-15100 Dimensions: 2300 x 6900 x 3310 mm




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Low Sided Wagon (LS) Low Sided Wagon (LS)

Technical Details Manufacturer: Japan Model: 1177-1381 Dimensions: 2450 x 6850 x 1575 mm


(full) Goods weight: Max 13,500 kg Used since: 1941

Technical Details Manufacturer: Marcor USA Models: 1382-1431 Dimensions: 2180 x 6553 x 1590 mm




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Bogic Low Sided Wagon (BLS) High Sided Wagon (HS)

Technical Details Manufacturer: N/A Model: N/A Dimensions: 2400 x 12000 x 1594 mm


(full) Goods weight: Max 28,000 kg Used since: 1968-1969

Technical Details Manufacturer: Nippon Shapyo Japan Models: 15001-15050 Dimensions: 2442 x 6900 x 2149 mm


(full) Goods weight: Max 15,000kg Used since: 1967


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Bogie High Sided Wagon (BHS) Hopper Wagon (HW)

Technical Details Manufacturer: Australia Model: 161-260 Dimensions: 2438 x 12001 x 2235 mm





(full) Used since: 1939


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Bogie Hopper Wagon (BHW)

Technical Details Manufacturer: Germany Model: 27-56 Dimensions: 2365 x 11510 x 2115 mm



Technical Details Manufacturer: Japan Model: 42101-42120 Dimensions: 2000 x 12500 x 2850 mm



Bogie Hopper Wagon (BHW)


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Low-Sided Tipping Wagon (LT)

Technical Details Manufacturer: Taiwan Model: 15051-15100 Dimensions: 2450 x 6900 x 2103 mm



Technical Details Manufacturer: USA Model: 71-255 Dimensions: 2184 x 10578 x 2525 mm


(full) Used since: 1947-1951

Bogie Flat Wagon (BFW)


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Oil-Tank Wagon (OT)

Technical Details Manufacturer: Belgium Model: 515001-515010 Dimensions: 6550 x 3115 mm (LxH) Weight: 9.50 tons (empty), 21.00 tons

(full) Used since: 1962-1970


(WxLxH) Weight: 14.66 tons (empty), 25.00 tons


Bogie Oil-Tank Wagon (BOT)


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Container Flat Wagon (CF)

Technical Details Manufacturer: N/A Model: N/A Dimensions: 2300 x 6900 mm (LxH) Wheels: 4 Weight: 16.90 tons (empty), 27.00 tons




(full) Goods weight: 24,000-38,000 kg Used since: 1989

Bogie Container Flat Wagon (BCF)


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Bogie Cement Hopper Wagon (Pressure Discharge) (BCP)

Technical Details Manufacturer: China Model: 444141-444249 Dimensions: 2400 x 12500 x 3640 mm






Bogie Cement Hopper Wagon (BCS)


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Bogie Heavy Flat Wagon (BFH)

Technical Details Manufacturer: Belgium Model: 45-110 Dimensions: 2450 x 12000 x 1323 mm



Technical Details Manufacturer: Taipei, Taiwan Model: 15001-15100 Dimensions: 2180 x 6550 x 3236 mm



Brake Van (BV)


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1. General overview


3. Rolling stock



6. Expansion plans


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SRT has 8 different train services for passenger transport

60


Description Train Types

! For long distance routes with few stops in key cities ! Currently 10 trains operating this service

! Type 1: Special Express

! Similar to Special Express service with more freight bogies ! Currently 9 trains operating this service

! Type 2: Express

! For long distance routes with more stops than Express service ! Currently 18 trains operating this service

! Type 3: Rapid

! Train service for every national routes, stopping at all stations ! Currently 28 trains operating this service

! Type 4: Ordinary

! Train service for Bangkok metropolitan area (within 150 km of Bangkok city)

! Services begin in Bangkok and end at Lop Buri (133 km), Kaeng Koi (125 km), Prachin Buri (122 km), Ratchaburi (117 km) and Suphan Buri (158 km)

! Type 5: Bangkok Commuter

! Train service to commute between provinces, stopping at all stations ! Total of 24 trains operating this service from every line

! Type 6: Rural Commuter

! Similar to Rural Commuter service but also includes freight transport ! Currently 8 trains operating this service per day

! Type 7: Mixed

! Train service operating only on the weekends and public holidays, stopping only at stations with tourist attractions

! Total 3 trains operating this service

! Type 8: Excursion



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Passenger numbers are gradually decreasing over the past two decades, with an average annual rate of decline of 3.3%

61


Gradual increase

Source: Ministry of Transport; 30 July 2013

SRT Ridership (Million passengers per year)

! Ridership has an annual average decline rate of 3.3% over the last two decades

! After initial slow increase during the early 1990s, passenger numbers rapidly decreased throughout the period of the Asian Economic Crisis towards the end of the 1990s

! The steady decline of ridership during the last decade (on average 2.2% p.a.) may be attributed to increasing substitute modes of transportation such as private bus services with more expansive networks and faster travel time

04

51

03

54

02

56

01

56

2000

61

99

55

98

61

97

65

96

68

95

72

94

87

93

88

92

88

91

87

1990

85

47

-3.3%

07

45

06

49

05

50

-2.2%

-8.8%

+0.6%

2012

41

11

46

10

45

09

47

08

Rapid decline Slow and steady decline


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Only 2% of Thailands freight transport is via rail

62

Logistics breakdown: domestic freight transportation (2012) (Percent)

Rail transport by commodity type (2011) (Percent)

In 2012, 11.85 million tons of goods were transported by rail, a mere 2% out of the total domestic freight transportation of 520.17 million tons of goods


7%

9%

Seaport

Road

2% Rail

Waterways

24%

1%

Miscellaneous Goods

Others

10%

Cement

Fuel

In 2011, most of commodities transported by rail were fuel and cement (24% and 10% respectively); the majority of transport was for miscellaneous goods and others (66%)

Source: Ministry of Transport


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Freight transport via rail shows a positive long-term trend, but a negative trend in recent years

63


Gradual increase

SRT Freight transport volumes (Million ton)

! Long-term positive trend of annual 1.5% growth in freight transport via rail

! However, recent decline in freight activity during the past 8 years

! Poor track and an ageing train fleet make freight transport by rail unreliable in the last decade, contributing to the average annual decline rate of 2.8% from 2004 to 2012

! Freight transport by rail is expected to increase in the future due to rising oil prices and government policies to shift logistics from road to rail

03 05 04 07 06 96 95 94 93 92 91 1990

+1.5%

10 11

+4.9%

08

-2.8%

2012

+3.2%

09 02 01 2000 99 98 97

More rapid increase Decline in activity

Source: Ministry of Transport; 30 July 2013


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Rail transport by major commodities

Cement Fuel Crude Oil LPG

Cargo quantity per year

1.9 million tons/year 1.4 million kiloliters/year

1.3 million kiloliters/year

550,000 kiloliters/year

Revenue THB 246 million/year THB 471 million/year THB 340 million/year THB 140 million/year

Cargo per train

700 tons per train, 9 trains per day

800 kiloliters (684 tons) per train,10 trains per day

1,204 kiloliters (840 tons) per train, 4 trains per day

864 kiloliters (459 tons) per train,1-2 trains per day

Companies ! SCG Logistics Management Co., Ltd.

! Siam City Cement Public Company Ltd.

! TPI Polene Public Company Ltd.

! Jalaprathan Cement Public Company Ltd.

! Shell Thailand Company Ltd.

! Esso( Thailand) Public Company Ltd.

! Caltex (Thailand) Company Ltd.

! PTT Public Company Ltd.

! Thai Shell Company! Exploration and

Production Ltd.

! PTT Public Company Limited

Routes ! Baan Moh -- Bang Sue, Pon Thong, Baan Chong Tai and warehouse of companies in every regions.

! Mae Nam station , Mabtapud -- Nakhon Sawan, Beung Phra Pissanulok, Denchai, Lumpang, Chiengmai, U-bol rajathani, Khonkan, U-donthani

! Mae Nam station , Mabtapud -- Beung Phra to Mae Nam and Leam Chabang

! North route: Bang lamoong -- Nakhon Sawan, Lumpang station

! North-East route: Banglamoong Sumran (Khonkaen)

Major commodities transported by rail include cement, fuel, crude oil and LPG




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1. General overview


3. Rolling stock



6. Expansion plans


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There are mainly 3 challenges for the SRT

66


SRTs ageing fleet and poor track maintenance has given rise to recent safety concerns and decreased reliability of rail transport

Picture

Management issues such as internal conflicts between senior managers and bureaucratic red tape prevalent within state enterprises have delayed development

Picture

SRT has struggled with financial losses for decades, restricting its development and causing concern for expansion projects in terms of funding

Picture



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Age profile of SRTs tractive stock (Number of locomotives and DMUs per age group)

46-50 years

>50 years 31-35 years

36-40 years

41-45 years

16-20 years

21-25 years

15 years or less

26-30 years


SRTs fleet is increasingly ageing with more than 60% of tractive stock over 30 years old

1

! No new procurement of locomotives in the last decade ! More than 60% of locomotives are over 30 years old


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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

Passenger cars

Freight cars

Service cars

68

Age range by type of trailing stock (in years)



! Very large age range for all trailing stock types ! No new procurement of service cars for at least 30 years ! No new procurement of passenger cars in the last decade

(Total 44 cars)

(Total 5,637 cars)

(Total 1,216 cars)

Trailing stock ageing 110 years old are still active

Age Range: 36-97 years



1


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STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT) In addition to SRTs ageing fleet, poor track maintenance is cited as another major causes of various recent rail accidents

1

Between the start of the year and Sept 13, 114 trains have derailed, or 11 every month on average, compared with 89 derailments in the whole of 2012.

the frequency of trains jumping tracks has risen sharply in recent months

The problem has been attributed to ageing tracks and sleepers. Some 64% of the SRT's 4,043km of tracks are at least 38 years old, and 31% of the sleepers are wooden

--Bangkok Post, 16 September 2013

State railway struggles to stay on track

Seven out of ten train coaches derailedat least 30 passengers were injured, one of them seriously

second derailment on the same route in a monthdue to the deteriorated condition of a bend in the tracks

--Bangkok Post , 17 July 2013

Train derailment along the Northern line injures 20 people

Source: Bangkok Post


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With increased work on track repairs in recent years, rail accident rates has dropped substantially, but casualty numbers remain high

70

Reported incidents by rail

Number of injuries and casualties

Number of reported incidents by rail have dropped more than 50% since year 2008

**This figure includes accidents by collision of trains, derailment, collision at crossing and others

Source: Ministry of Transport; Statistics

Consequently to the decrease in reported incidents, the number of injuries and casualties have decreased by more than 34% and 41% respectively since 2008, but are still on an unacceptably high level

STATE RAILWAY OF THAILAND (SRT) 1

2007 2008 2009

-50%

2011 2010 2012

2009 2008 2007 2010 2011 2012

Injuries Casualties


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Management issues have stunted the development of SRT

71

conflicts among senior management have persisted for a long time and are compounding the state railway's administrative woes

Deputies were not cooperating with the governor, which led to certain key projects being stalled. Some senior executives thought if they were productive, the governor would take the credit for their achievements

[SRT governor Prapas Chongsanguan] admitted many tracks and trains were in bad shape and it would cost about 70 billion baht to bring the tracks alone up to standard.

There is a limited budget to repair and maintain tracks, [Prapas] said, and bureaucratic red tape was also holding back the execution of policies.

--Bangkok Post, 16 September 2013


Source: Bangkok Post


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SRT has been struggling with financial losses since 1987, generating concern over its ability to manage future expansion projects

72


its accumulated loss until the second quarter of this year amounted to over 75 billion baht now.

Only in the second quarter of this year, the SRT suffered 1.55 billion baht operation loss, while expenditures exceeding revenues of over 3.68 billion baht in the second quarter this year.

Meanwhile its total debt also increases gradually and by the second quarter of this year, the total debt reaches 101 billion baht, compared to 102.9 billion baht end of last year.

--Thai PBS, 22 November 2013

Of the THB 2.0 trillion Infrastructure Investment program, SRT will be responsible for handling investment in the rail system of up to 71%

The National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA) has questioned the capability of SRT to implement mega high-speed train project due to large financial losses for the past decade

Impact on future expansion projects

Source: Thai PBS


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1. General overview


3. Rolling stock



6. Expansion plans


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Expansion Plans Overview

74

Infrastructure Expansion

Rolling Stock Expansion



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As part of the THB 2.0 trillion Infrastructure Investment Program, two major developments have been planned for Thailands national railway


Currently only 7% of total track length is composed of double-track railways

By 2020, the proportion of double-track railways is expected to increase to 63%, across 3,215 km of track

Double-Track Rail Improvements

Double-track railways can increase the speed of trains to 100-120 km per hour, thereby increasing frequency and reliability for freight transportation

Description Purpose

High Speed Railway projects

Four high speed railway routes have been planned in Thailand

The high speed rail networks will also connect with neighboring countries as part of the Trans-Asian Railway

Significantly reduce travel time by rail

Project to encourage a modal shift from road to rail transport for both passenger and freight traffic

Promote ASEAN connectivity



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Description Purpose









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Six projects have been planned for Double-Track Rail improvements

77 Source: 1Thairath Newspaper, 2Ministry of Transportation

Project Overview1

6 projects spanning 873 km 1.Chacheongsao Klong 19 Kaeng koi:

106 km 2.Lopburi Paknampo: 118 km 3.Mapkabow Jira Road: 132 km 4.Nakhon Pathom Nong Pla Dook Hua

Hin: 165 km 5.Jira Road Khon Khaen: 185 km 6.Prajuabkirikhan Chumporn: 167 km

Current Status: began since 2010, due to finish in 2015

Key Objectives

! Double-track rails will increase the speed of trains to 100-120 km/hour

! Increased speed allows for greater frequency of trains, thereby increasing passenger trips and cargo transport

Source: Prachachat Newspaper



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Details on double-track rail improvement project2

Present By 2020 Single Track 3,755 km 1,882 km Double/Triple track

280 km 3,215 km

Network 47 provinces 53 provinces Trip 200 trips/day >800 trips/day Freight 11 million

tons/year >50 million tons/year

Passenger 45 million passengers-trips/year

>75 million passengers-trips/year

Freight speed 39 km/hour 100-120 km/hour

Passenger train speed

60 km/hour 100-120 km/hour

Double-Track Rail improvement projects will increase the proportion of double / triple track from 7% to 63% by 2020

Source: 1Thairath Newspaper, 2Ministry of Transportation

3,215

3,755

1,882

280

Present By 2020

Future outlook on rail infrastructure (Track km)

Single Track Double / Triple Track

37%

63%

93%

7%



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Description Purpose









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Four routes have been planned for the domestic high speed rail network

80

Overview

Four routes with Bangkok as the main terminal: 1. BangkokPitsanulokChiangmai (745 km, THB 388

bn) 2. BangkokPattayaRayong (221 km, THB 101 bn) 3. BangkokKoratNong Kai (615 km, THB 170 bn) 4. BangkokHua HinPadang Besar (982 km, THB 124

bn)

Current status: Conducting feasibility study on routes, environmental and health impact assessment In year 2017, estimate of 153,000 rides per day Total planned spend: THB 783 billion Future outlook: To connect ASEAN with China

Technical Aspect:

Train speed of approximately 250 km/hour Track-work: UIC60 Standard Gauge (1,435 mm) Power supply: 25kV 50/60 Hz Overhead Catenary

System (OCS)

Source: SEPO Presentation: High Speed Rail System in Thailand, Thairath Newspaper



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Route 1 of the High Speed Rail network will connect Bangkok to Chiangmai

81

Expansion Route 1: Bangkok Chiangmai Length: 754 km Route: 11 provinces Travel Time: 3.5 hours Fare: 1,200 THB Phase 1: Bangkok Pitsanulok Length: 382 km Investment: THB 111.6 billion Current status: Begin construction in 2013 Expected completion: 2019 Phase 2: Pitsanulok Chiangmai Length: 363 km Investment: THB 93.0 billion Current Status: Begin Construction in 2021 Expected completion: 2027


Source: SEPO Presentation: High Speed Rail System in Thailand


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Route 2 of the High Speed Rail network will connect Bangkok to Rayong

82

Expansion Route 2: Bangkok Rayong Length: 221 km Route: 4 provinces, 5 stations Travel Time: 1.25 hour Fare: 350 THB Phase 1: BangkokRayong Length: 382 km Investment: THB 111.6 billion Current Status: Hired consulting firm to

conduct feasibility study Expected completion: 2019


Source: SEPO Presentation: High Speed Rail System in Thailand


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Route 3 of the High Speed Rail network will connect Bangkok to Nongkai

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Expansion Route 3: Bangkok Nongkai Length: 615 km Route: 10 stations Phase 1: Bangkok--Ayuthaya Length: 84 km Same route as the beginning of the Bangkok

Chiangmai route

Phase 2: AyuthayaNakorn Ratchasima (Korat) Length: 168 km Phase 3: SaraburiNakorn Ratchasima Length: 100 km Phase 4: Nakorn RatchasimaNongkai Length: 356 km Current status: OTP conducting feasibility study for phase 1, 2,3 (30 November 201229 January 2014) with expected completion in 2019


Source: Thai High Speed Train Website, OTP, SRT; Web research


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Route 4 of the High Speed Rail network will connect Bangkok to Padang Besar (1/2)

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Expansion Route 4: Bangkok Padang Besar Length: 982 km Phase 1: BangkokHua Hin Length: 225 km Expected cost: THB 82 billion Phase 2: Hua HinPadang Besar Length: 800 km Current status: OTP conducting study of the most appropriate routes for phase 1 (30 November 201229 January 2014), with expected completion: 2019




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Route 4 of the High Speed Rail network will connect Bangkok to Padang Besar (2/2)

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Current Status: OTP is currently conducting study for the most

appropriate route for the BangkokHua Hin phase

Latest Development: From BangkokRatchaburi, alternative 1

have been chosen as the best route Use the Southern Line through Nakhon

Pathom (225 km) For the route passing Petchburi, alternative 5

has been chosen as the best route: Passing Petchkasem Road for 4.5 km




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Thailand will be the first ASEAN country to have high speed trains

The [2.0 trillion baht] investmentwould help reduce logistics costs by up to 13.2%, [Mr. Chadchat] said. Currently, logistics costs make up about 15.2% of gross domestic product, compared to 8.3% in the United States.

(Bangkok Post, 23 Jan 2013)

Mr Chadchat insisted the high-speed train project could yield high returns, despite some academics' claims it would be uneconomic. The construction of high-speed rail routes stretching 1,400km would cost 780 billion baht, compared with the cost of building just 200km of electric train routes in Bangkok which would come to 400 billion baht.

(Bangkok Post, 30 Jul 2013)

In 2020, Thailand would be the first country in ASEAN to have high-speed trains, he said, which should remind the general public of the pride a century ago when Thailands train service was the most advanced in Asia. (The Nation, 8 Aug 2013)

The government's own consultants did a study that bravely showed the line would earn a rate of return of 10.7 per cent, significantly below the ministry's 12-per-cent minimum. Former Bank of Thailand governor MR Pridyathorn Devakula quoted a study showing that fares on some routes would have to exceed plane fares to be financially feasible. (The Nation, 4 Sept 2013)

Source: Bangkok Post, The Nation



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Thailand is one of the participating nations of the Trans-Asian Railway

Source: 2013 UNESCAP

Trans-Asian Railway Network (TARN)

! A project of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) initiated in 1960s

! To provide a continuous 14,000-km rail link between Singapore and Istanbul (Turkey), with possible onward connections to Europe and Africa.

! Four major components which were studied separately; namely a northern corridor, a southern corridor, a sub regional network covering the ASEAN and Indo-China sub regions, and a North-South corridor

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Thailand & Southern Corridor

! A southern corridor connecting Thailand and the southern Chinese province of Yunnan (Kunming) with Turkey through Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran with Sri Lanka also part of the corridor. The corridor ends in Kapikule in Bulgaria.

! The length of the route between Bangkok and Kapikule is 11,460 km

! Nongkai-Bangkok railway project is part of the Trans-Asia Railway.



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Singapore Kunming Rail Link (SKRL) is a High Speed Railway that will become a part of the Trans-Asian Railway

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SKRL Routes

! Track Length: 3,900 km

! Track Gauge: 1,435 mm standard gauge

! Electrification: Overhead catenary

! West Line: Kunming to Yangon ! Mid-East Line: Nanning to Vientiane ! Mid Line: Dali to Bangkok ! East Line: Kunming to Singapore ! Terminal stations on eastern, middle and western

lines are international ports (Ho Chi Minh and Singapore on the eastern line, Bangkok on the middle line, and Yangon on the western line)

! Thailand has initiated plans to build a high-speed rail project between Bangkok and the southern border in Songkhla Province to connect to the Singapore-Malaysia high-speed rail project.

Technical Details

Source: Singapore-Thai Chamber of Commerce



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Expansion Plans Overview

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Infrastructure Expansion

Rolling Stock Expansion



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SRT is currently expanding its rolling stock, with significant investments still in the pipeline

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On Order fleet Type

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