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Rain Garden
Environmental Bio Class
Problem- RunoffProblem- Runoff
Water that runs off land during precipitation and snowmelt
Runs off land instead of soaking into the ground
Collects pollution from cars, pesticides, fertilizers, and many other sources
Collect in local water sources and storm drains, contaminating them
Water that runs off land during precipitation and snowmelt
Runs off land instead of soaking into the ground
Collects pollution from cars, pesticides, fertilizers, and many other sources
Collect in local water sources and storm drains, contaminating them
Point Source PollutionPoint Source Pollution
Point source of pollution is a single identifiable localized source of air, water, thermal, noise or light pollution. A point source has negligible extent, distinguishing it from other pollution source geometries
Point source of pollution is a single identifiable localized source of air, water, thermal, noise or light pollution. A point source has negligible extent, distinguishing it from other pollution source geometries
Nonpoint Source PollutionNonpoint Source Pollution
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is water pollution affecting a water body from diffuse sources, such as polluted runoff from agricultural areas draining into a river, or wind-borne debris blowing out to sea. Nonpoint source pollution can be contrasted with point source pollution, where discharges occur to a body of water at a single location, such as discharges from a chemical factory, urban runoff from a roadway storm drain, or from ships at sea
Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is water pollution affecting a water body from diffuse sources, such as polluted runoff from agricultural areas draining into a river, or wind-borne debris blowing out to sea. Nonpoint source pollution can be contrasted with point source pollution, where discharges occur to a body of water at a single location, such as discharges from a chemical factory, urban runoff from a roadway storm drain, or from ships at sea
Effect of the ProblemEffect of the ProblemIf stormwater runs over streets and gets
into sources of water it can:Sedimentation smothers aquatic life and
inhibits drinking water purification systemsNitrogen causes buildup of ammonia that kills
fishPhosphorus fertilizers cause algae growth
which suck up oxygenBacterial peaks is harmful for human health
Also, with water running into streets and open waters, no water is retained undergroundEssential for people that use wells as water
sourceDug deeper if less water
If stormwater runs over streets and gets into sources of water it can:Sedimentation smothers aquatic life and
inhibits drinking water purification systemsNitrogen causes buildup of ammonia that kills
fishPhosphorus fertilizers cause algae growth
which suck up oxygenBacterial peaks is harmful for human health
Also, with water running into streets and open waters, no water is retained undergroundEssential for people that use wells as water
sourceDug deeper if less water
What is it?What is it?
Gardens that are designed to soak up rainwater and save millions of gallonsDrains off of roads, roofs, driveways, lawns,
etc.
Looks like regular gardens that contain flowers and other forms of vegetation
Performs phytoremediationAbility of plants to utilize many of the
pollutants and the ground naturally filters out the rest
Gardens that are designed to soak up rainwater and save millions of gallonsDrains off of roads, roofs, driveways, lawns,
etc.
Looks like regular gardens that contain flowers and other forms of vegetation
Performs phytoremediationAbility of plants to utilize many of the
pollutants and the ground naturally filters out the rest
How it worksHow it works
When it rains, garden fills with waterFilters into the ground instead of
running off to storm drains or nearby streams
Rain garden soaks up to 30% more water
Adds beauty to habitat
When it rains, garden fills with waterFilters into the ground instead of
running off to storm drains or nearby streams
Rain garden soaks up to 30% more water
Adds beauty to habitat
PlanningPlanning
Pick a locationRelatively flat or has a slight slopeMust have good drainage so water
can soak within 24hrs after rainfallShould be at least 10ft away from any
buildingsGood amount of sunlightAvoid areas over a septic system
Pick a locationRelatively flat or has a slight slopeMust have good drainage so water
can soak within 24hrs after rainfallShould be at least 10ft away from any
buildingsGood amount of sunlightAvoid areas over a septic system
PlanningPlanning
Size Size of area draining into it Types of soils on the site
Sand, silt, or clay Clay is hard to work with since it doesn’t allow water to
flow Depth of garden
Typically 100-300 square feet 3-8 inches deep
Ours is 5 inches Slope
<4% so preferable was 3-5 inches deep
Size Size of area draining into it Types of soils on the site
Sand, silt, or clay Clay is hard to work with since it doesn’t allow water to
flow Depth of garden
Typically 100-300 square feet 3-8 inches deep
Ours is 5 inches Slope
<4% so preferable was 3-5 inches deep
PlanningPlanning Percolation tests Soil tests Develop shape of garden Allocate space for certain plants Make plant and flower choices Calculate costs for rain garden
Was about $1000 estimated, but greatly reduced thanks to donations and aid from our neighbors
Split into committees that are education, fundraising, and construction
Calendar of goals and tasks to be achieved at certain dates Mid March to Early May
Percolation tests Soil tests Develop shape of garden Allocate space for certain plants Make plant and flower choices Calculate costs for rain garden
Was about $1000 estimated, but greatly reduced thanks to donations and aid from our neighbors
Split into committees that are education, fundraising, and construction
Calendar of goals and tasks to be achieved at certain dates Mid March to Early May
Example Calendar (Construction)
Example Calendar (Construction)
PlantsPlants
Should be variety of heights, textures, and bloom times
Tolerable in both wet and dry conditions
Suited to garden’s sun/shade exposure
Indigenous to state
Should be variety of heights, textures, and bloom times
Tolerable in both wet and dry conditions
Suited to garden’s sun/shade exposure
Indigenous to state
Education GroupEducation Group Objective: To inform and educate people of all
ages of what a rain garden is, stress the importance of clean water, and to spread the word of reducing water pollution
We have completed an informative brochure Manage the wiki
www.envirobiotech-raingarden.pbwiki.com Currently working on a poster
Informative and grabs attention Presentation to classes/groups
To interest them in the rain garden The future of the garden relies on you when picking
electives
Objective: To inform and educate people of all ages of what a rain garden is, stress the importance of clean water, and to spread the word of reducing water pollution
We have completed an informative brochure Manage the wiki
www.envirobiotech-raingarden.pbwiki.com Currently working on a poster
Informative and grabs attention Presentation to classes/groups
To interest them in the rain garden The future of the garden relies on you when picking
electives
Education GroupEducation GroupOur wiki
Keeps us updatedAs well as a way to post our progress
Keep people in touch and know what each group is doing at the moment
Serves as a way to spread information about the rain garden
Also a tool used to communicate to other schools that have a rain garden and a wiki
Communicated with bioengineering class for ideas of design of the garden
Our wikiKeeps us updated
As well as a way to post our progressKeep people in touch and know what each
group is doing at the momentServes as a way to spread information
about the rain gardenAlso a tool used to communicate to
other schools that have a rain garden and a wiki
Communicated with bioengineering class for ideas of design of the garden
Fundraising GroupFundraising Group
Objective: Raise necessary funds to build a garden by public appeal to organizations or private requests for contributions
Sent letters to 10 donor organizationsReceived supply of plants from Native
Plants Society of NJHelped pick plants for the garden
Received monetary help for the construction of the rain garden
Assisted in construction of the rain garden
Objective: Raise necessary funds to build a garden by public appeal to organizations or private requests for contributions
Sent letters to 10 donor organizationsReceived supply of plants from Native
Plants Society of NJHelped pick plants for the garden
Received monetary help for the construction of the rain garden
Assisted in construction of the rain garden
Communication with Outside Groups
Communication with Outside Groups
We promoted our rain garden via the morning announcements
Stayed in contact with the organizations
Communicate with teachers for donations such as soil, shovels, etc.
Presented to the BTHS PSFAOffered a grant for our project
We promoted our rain garden via the morning announcements
Stayed in contact with the organizations
Communicate with teachers for donations such as soil, shovels, etc.
Presented to the BTHS PSFAOffered a grant for our project
Construction GroupConstruction Group
Objective: research, lab testing, design and the execution of said design for the construction of the BTHS rain garden. We are responsible for determining materials needed and collaborate with other groups, the BioEngineering Class of BTHS, the career center, and the Rutger's Agricultural Center
Objective: research, lab testing, design and the execution of said design for the construction of the BTHS rain garden. We are responsible for determining materials needed and collaborate with other groups, the BioEngineering Class of BTHS, the career center, and the Rutger's Agricultural Center
Construction GroupConstruction GroupPicked three potential locations
Ran the percolation test to determine which site was ideal
Percolation Test- process in which an 8 inch hole was dug and filled with water to saturate soil; if water is gone after an hour, it indicates soil is loosely packed and is suitable for the rain garden to collect water
Poor draining would require amending the soil or another siteSandy- compost added directly to the dug out areaClay- break up soil with rototiller to improve drainage and
sand could be added if necessary
Picked three potential locationsRan the percolation test to determine which site was
idealPercolation Test- process in which an 8 inch hole was
dug and filled with water to saturate soil; if water is gone after an hour, it indicates soil is loosely packed and is suitable for the rain garden to collect water
Poor draining would require amending the soil or another siteSandy- compost added directly to the dug out areaClay- break up soil with rototiller to improve drainage and
sand could be added if necessary
Site SelectionsSite Selections
Site SelectionSite SelectionSoil Testing Data Soil samples were taken from each of the three sites The soil was filtered into components The results were used to determine the best site
Site 1 contains the most optimal conditions for the rain garden More testing currently in progress
Percolation Testing Procedure 1-Foot-deep holes were dug in each of the three sites Each hole was filled with water The holes were allowed to sit for an hour Amounts of drainage were observed
Site 1-Almost full drainage into the soil after 1 hour Site 2-Mostly drained after 1 hourSite 3- No drainage after 1 hour
Soil Testing Data Soil samples were taken from each of the three sites The soil was filtered into components The results were used to determine the best site
Site 1 contains the most optimal conditions for the rain garden More testing currently in progress
Percolation Testing Procedure 1-Foot-deep holes were dug in each of the three sites Each hole was filled with water The holes were allowed to sit for an hour Amounts of drainage were observed
Site 1-Almost full drainage into the soil after 1 hour Site 2-Mostly drained after 1 hourSite 3- No drainage after 1 hour
Percolation TestsPercolation Tests
1 2 3
Our GardenOur Garden
LocationNear the parking lotGrassy hill has inclineParking lot has incline to edge In case of flooding, sewage drain is
there
LocationNear the parking lotGrassy hill has inclineParking lot has incline to edge In case of flooding, sewage drain is
there
Construction GroupConstruction Group Obtained blue prints of the land
Check for pipes and other inconveniences Made a scale model of our rain garden Chose location for plants After the site was picked
Performed water testsFor ammonia and nitrates- harmful things
Created a materials list Best ones for the lowest cost
With the help of the bioengineering class Chose a model for the rain garden
Kept in constant contact with Dr. Sciarappa Rutgers University expert in environmental studies
Obtained blue prints of the land Check for pipes and other inconveniences
Made a scale model of our rain garden Chose location for plants After the site was picked
Performed water testsFor ammonia and nitrates- harmful things
Created a materials list Best ones for the lowest cost
With the help of the bioengineering class Chose a model for the rain garden
Kept in constant contact with Dr. Sciarappa Rutgers University expert in environmental studies
Construction Materials ListConstruction Materials List
Water Testing ResultsWater Testing Results
Nitrates- Not presentChlorine- Free Chorine
.1 mg/LTotal Chlorine
.1 mg/LpH 6Ammonia- 0.2 mg/L
Nitrates- Not presentChlorine- Free Chorine
.1 mg/LTotal Chlorine
.1 mg/LpH 6Ammonia- 0.2 mg/L
CalculationsCalculationsRain Garden DimensionsPerimeter
94 (3ft)Sidewalk594 (18ft) Stop Sign End3538 (116ft) Side3538 (116ft) Side
7719 cm 77.19 m253.8 ftSlope
270 (8.8ft) Width9 (0.2ft) Downhill Height9 / 270 X 100 = 3.3%
These show that the rain garden should be 3 to 5 inches deep
Rain Garden DimensionsPerimeter
94 (3ft)Sidewalk594 (18ft) Stop Sign End3538 (116ft) Side3538 (116ft) Side
7719 cm 77.19 m253.8 ftSlope
270 (8.8ft) Width9 (0.2ft) Downhill Height9 / 270 X 100 = 3.3%
These show that the rain garden should be 3 to 5 inches deep
Soil Testing ResultsSoil Testing Results
pH 6.5Nitrogen
N3 - SufficientPhosphorous
P2 – Adequate
pH 6.5Nitrogen
N3 - SufficientPhosphorous
P2 – Adequate
ConstructionConstruction
With the help of Career Center, the ground was broken in with a rototiller
From there, we’ve dug 5 inches deepSoil that was dug up would be
collected by the Career CenterPlanting is in process
With the help of Career Center, the ground was broken in with a rototiller
From there, we’ve dug 5 inches deepSoil that was dug up would be
collected by the Career CenterPlanting is in process
Impact of Our ProjectImpact of Our Project
For now, we would have a beautiful-looking garden that makes our parking lot look better and our school look like we have green thumbs.
In the long run, millions of gallons of water would be saved. Also, we could see animals interact and utilize the garden. Lastly, we got you to know about gardens and can hopefully care for it in years to come.
For now, we would have a beautiful-looking garden that makes our parking lot look better and our school look like we have green thumbs.
In the long run, millions of gallons of water would be saved. Also, we could see animals interact and utilize the garden. Lastly, we got you to know about gardens and can hopefully care for it in years to come.
Any Questions? (1 more slide left…yes!)
Any Questions? (1 more slide left…yes!)
Some Fun For You NowSome Fun For You Now
Helping us plant various plantsTour of an established rain garden
Helping us plant various plantsTour of an established rain garden
Thank You For Listening!!!Thank You For Listening!!!