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Assessing the Potential for Rainwater
Harvesting in Vietnam
Snapshot of Key Findings
Rural Water Supply and Sanitation INGO
Working Group MeetingFebruary 20, 2009
Kim Patrick
Alex Snelgrove
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Levels of Rainwater Harvesting
15.48.6Mekong RiverDelta
0.90.8South East0.40.3Central Highlands
0.20.1South CentralCoast
9.64.1North CentralCoast
0.70.2North West
3.22.3North East
52.331.2Red River Delta
VietnamNationalHealth Survey
VietnamLivingStandardsSurvey
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Key Findings on Use & Demand
Geographical factors influence use & demand.
Where present rainwater collection is the tradition. People use rainwater preferentially as a hygienic
source for drinking and cooking purposes.
Rainwater is a complimentary water and never asthe exclusive water source.
Full potential of rainwater harvesting not yetreached in many areas (SEE CONSTRAINTS).
Areas where rainwater is in demand are more likelyexperiencing social, economic stresses directly
related to clean water supply situation in general. Supply driven approaches did not seem tostimulate uptake of DRWH technologies.
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Snapshot of Existing Technologies
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5505,500,000Rectangular Cement Tank**10000
3203,200,000Cement Tank (Ring Mold)*10000
7053,525,000Cement Tank (Ring Mold)5000
12001,200,000Plastic Drum in Steel Cage1000
414413,500Cement Tank (Ring Mold)1000
325260,000Cement Jar (Thai)800
17711,240,000Blue Plastic Drum700
43902,195,000Branded Metal Drum500
860430,000Blue Plastic Pail500
300120,000Cement Jar (Thai)400
450180,000Cement Tank With Lid (Ring Mold)400
521125,000Ceramic Jar240
1680168,000Plastic Bin (Pail)100
Price/Litre
Average Price
PointType and sourceVolume
Comparative Prices
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Comparative Product Features
Consumers consider the followingcharacteristics in rainwater tanks:
Cost
Transportability
Durability
Modernity
Ease of cleaning
Reliability of supply
Effort on water collect, manage and protect
Space and aesthetic
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Snapshot of Roofs & Guttering
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Key Constraints for Increased
Uptake
Affordability Construction Costs
Expectation of giveaways
Neglected by provincial RWSS programs
Lack of suitable finance
Land access and affordability
Negative perceptions: Effort for household water manager(s)
Partial solutions
Aesthetic considerations Water quality
Environmental Health Risks Dengue fever
Availability of other water sources
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Proposed Solutions -
Technology Goal is to make a larger volume, durable and
locally affordable tank technology.
Two possible pathways (storage): Improve efficiencies, reduce costs and introduce
high-value design features of existing cement ringmold tank technology
Develop and introduce a new technology based onplastic bag, extruded plastics or fibreglass.
Complimentary activities with private sector onguttering collection system technologies
Integrate vector mitigation program
Target intervention basing on geographicdeterminants
Enable as many technologies possible until themarket speaks!
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Potential New Storage
Technology
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Snapshot of Tank Suppliers
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Proposed Solutions - Market
Potential Supply Side Interventions Identify appropriate distribution models based on
selected technologies Capacity Building at Supply Level (Marketing,
Business Management, Production
Upgrading/Efficiencies) Support alternative payment mechanisms installment plans, credit plans, hire-purchase
Access to financial services for suppliers Matching Grants
Potential Demand Side Interventions Promotion through the Social Policy Bank Revolving Loan Fund (through pre-existing
association) Incentives to stimulate market
Social marketing campaign
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Next Steps
Finalize assessment
Identification and field research in two
additional countries
Selection by EWV of one country for pilotproject
Design and implementation of project to
test technology and commercially based
distribution models
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Questions for Discussion
Have you seen other RWH technology
models?
Lump sum payment for households is
critical challenge. Are there financialmodels/service providers that could work?
Are there additional geographic areas
where rainwater harvesting is appropriate?
What key messages should be included ina social marketing campaign?