Rainwater Harvesting Theory & Practice

Rainwater HarvestingRainwater HarvestingRainwater HarvestingRainwater HarvestingTheory & PracticeTheory & Practice

i h d d bi h d d b

Rainwater Harvesting PrinciplesRainwater Harvesting Principles

Richard Hammond 05 October 2011Richard Hammond 05 October 2011

•• environmental benefits of water conservation in buildingsenvironmental benefits of water conservation in buildings•• review of LEED BD&C 2009 water use reduction criteriareview of LEED BD&C 2009 water use reduction criteria•• opportunities for rainwater utilization indoors & outdoorsopportunities for rainwater utilization indoors & outdoorsopportunities for rainwater utilization indoors & outdoorsopportunities for rainwater utilization indoors & outdoors•• system design considerationssystem design considerations

R i t H ti C St diR i t H ti C St diRainwater Harvesting Case StudiesRainwater Harvesting Case Studies•• Sisters of St. Joseph’s ResidenceSisters of St. Joseph’s Residence•• UWO Lassonde PavilionUWO Lassonde Pavilion•• StoneyStoney Creek Community CentreCreek Community Centre

Richard HammondRichard HammondRichard HammondRichard HammondB.E.S.B.E.S.B. ArchB. ArchOAAOAAOAAOAAMRAICMRAICLEED® AP (BD+C)LEED® AP (BD+C)GGPGGP

•• 1978 Engineering & Visual Art at UWO1978 Engineering & Visual Art at UWOg gg g•• 1979 1979 -- 1981 Environmental Studies at UWaterloo1981 Environmental Studies at UWaterloo•• 1982 1982 -- 1984 Architecture at UWaterloo1984 Architecture at UWaterloo•• 19841984 1991 N J1991 N J SchullerSchuller Architect LondonArchitect London•• 1984 1984 -- 1991 N.J. 1991 N.J. SchullerSchuller Architect, London Architect, London •• 1991 1991 -- present Cornerstone Architecture, Londonpresent Cornerstone Architecture, London•• 2008 2008 –– 2011 Sustainable Technology at ASU (online)2011 Sustainable Technology at ASU (online)

2011 i & S di l2011 i & S di l•• 2011 Environment & Resource Studies at UWaterloo2011 Environment & Resource Studies at UWaterloo

Environmental Benefits of Water Conservation in BuildingsEnvironmental Benefits of Water Conservation in BuildingsEnvironmental Benefits of Water Conservation in BuildingsEnvironmental Benefits of Water Conservation in Buildings

Canadians’ Excessive Water UseCanadians’ Excessive Water Use•• Environment Canada estimates that water consumption Environment Canada estimates that water consumption in Canada has increased by 13% over the past decadein Canada has increased by 13% over the past decade•• Canadians use 343 liters of water per day per personCanadians use 343 liters of water per day per person•• Canadians use 343 liters of water per day per person Canadians use 343 liters of water per day per person --among the highest rates of OECD countries among the highest rates of OECD countries (NRCAN , 2009)(NRCAN , 2009)

Municipal Water Consumes EnergyMunicipal Water Consumes Energy•• municipally treated water requires a significant amount municipally treated water requires a significant amount of energy to deliver, including construction & of energy to deliver, including construction & gy , ggy , gmaintenance of water service infrastructuremaintenance of water service infrastructure•• recent US study showed embedded energy of 1149 kWh recent US study showed embedded energy of 1149 kWh per acreper acre foot of municipal water excluding wastewaterfoot of municipal water excluding wastewaterper acreper acre--foot of municipal water, excluding wastewater foot of municipal water, excluding wastewater treatment treatment (NRDC, 2004)(NRDC, 2004)


Misplaced Priorities?Misplaced Priorities?pp•• current price of water in London for residential current price of water in London for residential customers is $1.50 /m3 (0.15 customers is $1.50 /m3 (0.15 centscents / liter)/ liter)•• current price of regular gasoline is 110current price of regular gasoline is 110 125 cents / liter125 cents / liter•• current price of regular gasoline is 110current price of regular gasoline is 110--125 cents / liter125 cents / liter•• which one can you live without for a day?which one can you live without for a day?


Focus of Conservation EffortsFocus of Conservation Efforts•• reduce potable water use for irrigation (esp. lawns)reduce potable water use for irrigation (esp. lawns)•• reduce potable water use for toilet flushingreduce potable water use for toilet flushing•• both of these are addressed by harvesting rainwaterboth of these are addressed by harvesting rainwater•• both of these are addressed by harvesting rainwaterboth of these are addressed by harvesting rainwater

LEED® Canada Design & Construction 2009 StandardLEED® Canada Design & Construction 2009 StandardLEED® Canada Design & Construction 2009 StandardLEED® Canada Design & Construction 2009 Standard

•• administered by Canada Green Building Council administered by Canada Green Building Council y gy g((CaGBCCaGBC) see ) see www.cagbc.cawww.cagbc.ca•• original standard developed in 1998 by USGBCoriginal standard developed in 1998 by USGBC•• 2004 Canadian Standard v1 0 based on U S v2 02004 Canadian Standard v1 0 based on U S v2 0•• 2004 Canadian Standard v1.0 based on U.S. v2.02004 Canadian Standard v1.0 based on U.S. v2.0•• 2009 Canadian Standard has 100 points2009 Canadian Standard has 100 points•• organized into five categories:organized into five categories:

•• 26 credits: sustainable sites26 credits: sustainable sites•• 10 credits: water efficiency10 credits: water efficiency•• 35 credits: energy & atmosphere35 credits: energy & atmospheregy pgy p•• 14 credits: materials & resources14 credits: materials & resources•• 15 credits: indoor environment15 credits: indoor environment•• 6 credits: innovation & process6 credits: innovation & process•• 6 credits: innovation & process6 credits: innovation & process•• 4 credits: regional priorities4 credits: regional priorities

LEED® Canada 2009 Design & Construction StandardLEED® Canada 2009 Design & Construction StandardLEED® Canada 2009 Design & Construction StandardLEED® Canada 2009 Design & Construction Standard


WE Prerequisite #1 Water Use ReductionWE Prerequisite #1 Water Use Reductionqq•• minimum fixture performance standardsminimum fixture performance standards

WE Credit #1 Water Efficient LandscapingWE Credit #1 Water Efficient LandscapingWE Credit #1 Water Efficient LandscapingWE Credit #1 Water Efficient Landscaping•• reduce outdoor water use by 50% (2 points)reduce outdoor water use by 50% (2 points)•• eliminate outdoor water use (4 points)eliminate outdoor water use (4 points)

WE Credit #2 Innovative Wastewater TechnologiesWE Credit #2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies•• reduce wastewater use by 50% (2 points)reduce wastewater use by 50% (2 points)y ( p )y ( p )

WE Credit #3 Indoor Water Use ReductionWE Credit #3 Indoor Water Use Reduction•• reduce water use by 30reduce water use by 30 40% (240% (2 4 points)4 points)•• reduce water use by 30reduce water use by 30--40% (240% (2--4 points)4 points)


WE Prerequisite #1 Water Use ReductionWE Prerequisite #1 Water Use Reduction•• minimum fixture performance requirementsminimum fixture performance requirementsminimum fixture performance requirementsminimum fixture performance requirementsfixture type commercial residential 2006 OBC availabletoilets 6.0 LPF 6.0 LPF 6.0 LPF 3.0 LPF

i l 3 8 LPF 3 8 LPF 1 9 LPFurinals 3.8 LPF 3.8 LPF 1.9 LPFwr faucets 1.9 LPM 8.3LPM 1.9 LPMother faucets 8.3 LPM 8.3 LPM 5.7 LPMshowerheads 9.5 LPM 9.5 LPM 4.7 LPM


WE Credit #1 Water Efficient LandscapingWE Credit #1 Water Efficient Landscaping•• monthly water reduction for 600m2 landscaped areamonthly water reduction for 600m2 landscaped areamonthly water reduction for 600m2 landscaped areamonthly water reduction for 600m2 landscaped areaplant area species density micro KL ETO IE TWABASELINE (JULY) with conventional planting and sprinklersh b 120 0 5 1 0 1 3 0 65 138 2 0 625 17247shrubs 120 0.5 1.0 1.3 0.65 138.2 0.625 17247

lawn 480 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.84 138.2 0.625 89156DESIGN CASE (JULY) with drought-tolerant planting and drip irrigationshrubs 120 0.2 1.0 1.3 0.26 138.2 0.9 4791g.cover 390 0.2 1.1 1.4 0.31 138.2 0.9 18565lawn 90 0 7 1 0 1 2 0 84 138 2 0 625 16717lawn 90 0.7 1.0 1.2 0.84 138.2 0.625 16717WATER USE REDUCTION 62%Total Water Applied = Area x Landscape Coeff icient (KL) x Local Evapotranspiration (ETO) / Irrigation Efficiency

Landscape Coefficient (KL) = species factor x density factor x microclimate factorL

Note there is no Innovation Credit available for exemplary performance.


WE Credit #2 Innovative Wastewater TechnologiesWE Credit #2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies•• calculation of daily sewage for 3000m2 office buildingcalculation of daily sewage for 3000m2 office buildingcalculation of daily sewage for 3000m2 office buildingcalculation of daily sewage for 3000m2 office buildingfixtures quantity uses/occ/day flow rate total (l)

BASELINE (214 occupants: 107f/107m)

il 7f 3 6 0 1926toilets 7f 3 6.0 1926

2m 1 6.0 642

urinals 3m 2 3.8 813

DESIGN CASE (dual flush toilets / waterless urinals )

toilets 7f 3 4.2 1348

2m 1 4 2 4492m 1 4.2 449

urinals 3m 2 0.0 0

WASTEWATER REDUCTION 53%Note that lavatories are not used for calculation of wastewater volume.


WE Credit #3 Water Use ReductionWE Credit #3 Water Use Reduction•• calculation of daily water use for 3000m2 office buildingcalculation of daily water use for 3000m2 office buildingcalculation of daily water use for 3000m2 office buildingcalculation of daily water use for 3000m2 office buildingfixtures quantity uses/occ/day flow rate total (l)


il 7f 3 6 0 1926toilets 7f 3 6.0 1926

2m 1 6.0 642


lavs 4f+4m 3@15s 1.9 305

DESIGN CASE (dual flush toilets / low-flow urinals)

toilets 7f 3 4 2 1348toilets 7f 3 4.2 1348

2m 1 4.2 449


lavs 4f+4m 3@15s 1.9 305

WATER USE REDUCTION 32%


•• daily savings from rainwater cistern for 3000m2 office buildingdaily savings from rainwater cistern for 3000m2 office buildingfixtures quantity uses/occ/day flow rate total (l)fixtures quantity uses/occ/day flow rate total (l)


toilets 7f 3 6.0 1926

2m 1 6.0 642


lavatories 4f+4m 3@15s 1.9 305@

DESIGN CASE (dual flush toilets / low-flow urinals / fed by rainwater)

toilets 7f 3 4.2 1348 (rain)

2 1 4 2 449 ( i )2m 1 4.2 449 (rain)

urinals 3m 2 1.9 407 (rain)

lavatories 4f+4m 3@15s 1.9 305

WASTEWATER REDUCTION (excludes lavatories) 100%

WATER USE REDUCTION 92%


WE Credits #2 & #3 Water Use & Wastewater ReductionWE Credits #2 & #3 Water Use & Wastewater Reduction•• sizing of cistern for 3000m2 office buildingsizing of cistern for 3000m2 office buildingsizing of cistern for 3000m2 office buildingsizing of cistern for 3000m2 office building•• minimum capacity from previous slide is 2204 liters/dayminimum capacity from previous slide is 2204 liters/day•• need to account for seasonal variation in rainfallneed to account for seasonal variation in rainfall

for London ON

www rainwaterharvesting co uk/calculator phpwww rainwaterharvesting co uk/calculator phpwww.rainwaterharvesting.co.uk/calculator.phpwww.rainwaterharvesting.co.uk/calculator.php

•• allowing for 7 days of drought conditions, size of tank is allowing for 7 days of drought conditions, size of tank is 11,000 liters (11 m3)11,000 liters (11 m3)•• allowing for 21 days of drought conditions size of tankallowing for 21 days of drought conditions size of tank•• allowing for 21 days of drought conditions, size of tank allowing for 21 days of drought conditions, size of tank is 33,000 liters (33 m3)is 33,000 liters (33 m3)

2006 OBC Part B Requirements for Non2006 OBC Part B Requirements for Non--potable Systemspotable Systems2006 OBC Part B Requirements for Non2006 OBC Part B Requirements for Non potable Systemspotable Systems

7.7.1 Connection7.7.1 Connection•• 7.7.1.1.(1)7.7.1.1.(1)7.7.1.1.(1)7.7.1.1.(1)

a nona non--potable water system shall not be connected to a potable water system shall not be connected to a potable water systempotable water system

7 7 2 Identification7 7 2 Identification7.7.2 Identification7.7.2 Identification•• 7.7.2.1. (1)7.7.2.1. (1)

nonnon--potable water piping shall be identified by markings potable water piping shall be identified by markings that are permanent, distinct, and easily recognizedthat are permanent, distinct, and easily recognized

7.7.3 Location7.7.3 Location•• 7.7.3.1.(1)7.7.3.1.(1)( )( )

where nonwhere non--potable piping cannot be locatedpotable piping cannot be located•• 7.7.3.2.(1)7.7.3.2.(1)

where nonwhere non potable supplied fixtures cannot dischargepotable supplied fixtures cannot dischargewhere nonwhere non--potable supplied fixtures cannot dischargepotable supplied fixtures cannot discharge

Case StudiesCase StudiesCase StudiesCase Studies

Sisters of St. Joseph’s ResidenceSisters of St. Joseph’s ResidenceProject DescriptionProject DescriptionProject DescriptionProject Description

•• 4 storey 130,000 sf residential 4 storey 130,000 sf residential care facilitycare facilitycare facilitycare facility

•• 74 residential suites & 26 bed 74 residential suites & 26 bed nursing care wingnursing care wing

•• LEED Gold certified, 2007LEED Gold certified, 2007,,

•• innovation credit for exemplary innovation credit for exemplary water use reductionwater use reductionwater use reductionwater use reduction


Sisters of St. Joseph’s ResidenceSisters of St. Joseph’s ResidenceRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System Details

30000 LITER

CISTERN

PUMPS &

CONTROLLER

GREYWATER SYSTEM

SCHEMATIC


Sisters of St. Joseph’s ResidenceSisters of St. Joseph’s ResidenceOperating ExperienceOperating ExperienceOperating ExperienceOperating Experience

•• original pump system had issues original pump system had issues with 4m of lift (from dissolved air)with 4m of lift (from dissolved air)with 4m of lift (from dissolved air)with 4m of lift (from dissolved air)

•• replaced with submersible pumps, replaced with submersible pumps, system has worked well sincesystem has worked well since

•• some some discolourationdiscolouration of water but of water but no concerns from usersno concerns from users

•• system available for localsystem available for local•• system available for local system available for local education/demonstration education/demonstration


UWO Lassonde PavilionUWO Lassonde PavilionProject DescriptionProject DescriptionProject DescriptionProject Description

•• 4 storey, 45,000sf 4 storey, 45,000sf teaching/research facilityteaching/research facilityteaching/research facilityteaching/research facility

•• cistern serves toilets, exterior cistern serves toilets, exterior irrigation & interior planterirrigation & interior planter


•• all building systems exposed for all building systems exposed for student teaching/researchstudent teaching/researchstudent teaching/research student teaching/research


UWO Lassonde PavilionUWO Lassonde PavilionRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System Details

10000 LITER CISTERN 25% GREEN ROOF AREA

GREYWATER SYSTEM

SCHEMATIC


UWO Lassonde PavilionUWO Lassonde PavilionOperating ExperienceOperating ExperienceOperating ExperienceOperating Experience

••BAS shows cistern operated off BAS shows cistern operated off backup supply most of July 2011backup supply most of July 2011backup supply most of July 2011backup supply most of July 2011

•• UWO reports significant UWO reports significant maintenance costs for filtersmaintenance costs for filters

•• system is connected to green roof: system is connected to green roof: y gy gsilt causing water to appear cloudysilt causing water to appear cloudy

•• OH&S is testing to see if anyOH&S is testing to see if any•• OH&S is testing to see if any OH&S is testing to see if any health concernshealth concerns


StoneyStoney Creek Community Creek Community Centre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryProject DescriptionProject Description

•• 80 000 sf assembly building80 000 sf assembly building•• 80,000 sf assembly building80,000 sf assembly building

•• swimming pool, fitness, meeting, swimming pool, fitness, meeting, library facilitieslibrary facilities



StoneyStoney Creek Community Creek Community Centre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System Details

6000 LITER CISTERN

GREYWATER SYSTEM

SCHEMATIC


StoneyStoney Creek Community Creek Community Centre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryCentre YMCA & LibraryOperating ExperienceOperating Experience

•• system has performed well sincesystem has performed well since•• system has performed well since system has performed well since openingopening

•• no comments from users or no comments from users or maintenance personnelmaintenance personnel

•• very low water use compared to very low water use compared to similar YMCA facilitiessimilar YMCA facilities


Carter House, BermudaCarter House, BermudaProject DescriptionProject DescriptionProject DescriptionProject Description

•• constructed ca. 1640constructed ca. 1640

•• unique roof design traps & unique roof design traps & collects raincollects rain

•• all buildings in Bermuda now all buildings in Bermuda now required to have rainwater required to have rainwater qqcollectioncollection


Carter House, BermudaCarter House, BermudaRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System DetailsRW Harvesting System Details

•• all systems regulated by Public all systems regulated by Public Health Regulation (1951) whichHealth Regulation (1951) whichHealth Regulation (1951) which Health Regulation (1951) which sets out requirements for roof/tank sets out requirements for roof/tank coatings & maintenancecoatings & maintenance

TRADITIONAL

LOCATION

•• cistern systems used for drinking cistern systems used for drinking water, wells for toilet flushing (due water, wells for toilet flushing (due , g (, g (to high salinity of groundwater)to high salinity of groundwater)

•• no water quality issues whenno water quality issues when CONTEMPORARY•• no water quality issues when no water quality issues when systems are properly maintained systems are properly maintained (Rowe, 2011, Peters, 2008, Levesque, 2008)(Rowe, 2011, Peters, 2008, Levesque, 2008)

LOCATION

Thank youThank youThank you.Thank you.

Date post:	02-Feb-2017
Category:	Documents
Upload:	trinhnhi
View:	234 times
Download:	3 times

Rainwater Harvesting Theory & Practice

Documents