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Good morning

andWelcome

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Md. Rakibul Islam RAKIB

ID-11102088

Md. Saddam Hosain

ID-11102091Md. Hasibul Islam

ID-11102098

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Chapter -3

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Sentences should adapt to readers

Task of arranging-words into clear sentence

Study readers what they know, how they think

Use the simpler sentence structure for those less able people

to understandUse the more complex structure when appropriate or withmore verbal able people

Simplicity is needed for the best communication effect

Making each sentence express a main ideaEngaging and informing busy readers

Ordering the sentence elements according to accepted rules

Delivering contents in easy-to-digest chunks

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Writing effective sentenceDo grouping an ordering the information

How much information will we put into each sentence?

Familiarity with different sentence elementsWhether or not we know readers grammatical levels

Many kinds of clauses, phrases, and types of modifierswill help us design sentences that manage the information

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Now I am giving two example of it1.Bill Jones, a drill press operator who has been with

allied manufacturing for 15 years will be retiring onJune 15

2.Bill Jones will be retiring on June 15.he hasbeen a drill press operator with allied manufacture for

15 years Both ways indicate that Bill Jones will beretiring the first version adds the order facts asmodifying phrases, whereas the second version gives

certain additional facts a bit more significance byputting them in their own sentence.

Which way is better ? It depends on the effectwe want to achieve

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Using short sentences Favoring short sentences can save readers time

Short sentences communicate is better because ofmind limitation.

Short means about 16-18 words for middle-level reader

for less advanced readers,it should be lower Short sentence can be achieved in two ways-

Limiting content is one ways to make short sentencesis through word economy

Seek shorter ways of saying things. following are somesuggestions-

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Avoid cluttering phrases,

substitute shorter expressionsCluttering phrases Shorter substitutions

At the present time

For the purpose of For the reason that

In the near future

In very few cases

With a view to in the meantime

Now

For Because, since

Soon

Seldom

To Meanwhile

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Eliminate surplus word

Contains surplus word Eliminate surplus word

His performance was goodenough to qualify him for thepromotion

There are four rules thatshould be observed

I am prepared to report the

effect that sales increased

His performance was goodenough to qualify him for thepromotion

four rules should beobserved

I am observed to report that

sales increased

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Avoid roundabout ways of saying

things exampleRound about direct

The president is of theopinion that the tax was paid

He criticized everyone hecome in contact with

The price increase will affordthe company an opportunity

to retire the debt

The president believes the taxwas paid

He criticized everyone he met

The price will enable thecompany to retire the debt

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Repeat words only for effects and

emphasisNeedless repetition Repetition eliminated

He stated that he believesthat we are responsible

The provision of section 5provides for a union shop

In my opinion, I think theplan is sound

We must assemble together at10:30 am in the morning

He stated that he believes we areresponsible

section 5 provides for a unionshop

I think the plan is sound

We must assemble at 10:30 am

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Determining emphasis in sentence

designWe should give every item its due emphasis

Short sentence emphasis contents

Long sentence de-emphasis contents Determining emphasis is a matter of a good judgments

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Giving the sentence unity

All parts of a sentence should concern one thought There are 3 causes of unity error-

First, placing unrelated ideas in a sentence, violetsunity

You can avoid this error by (1) putting unrelated ideasin separates sentence (2) subordinating an idea or (3)adding words that show relationship

Excessive detail is another cause of lack of unity. So

can mixed constructionsActive and passive voice in same sentence can violet

unity

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Arranging sentence elements

for clarity Clear writing requires that we follow the established

rules of grammar

These rules are based on custom and logicalrelationship

For example, dangling modifiers confuse meaning

So do unparallel constructions, pronouns without

antecedents, and subject-verb disagreements

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Care in paragraph design

Paragraphing shows and emphasizes organization

It involves logical thinking

The contents of a paragraph should concern one topic

or idea (unity) Generally paragraphs should be short

Short paragraphs shows organization better than longones

Most readers prefer to read short paragraphs

A good practice is to question paragraphs over 10 lines

The topic sentence can come first, middle or last

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Thats all for today

Thank you all .

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Have you any question ?

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