Ramanujan IT City

-A case study

(Optimum Design for Energy Efficiency)

25th October 2013

AGENDA

COMMERCIAL OFFICE SUPPLY

Source: Jones Lang LaSalle (JLL)

COMMERCIAL OFFICE SUPPLY:

IT, IT SEZ & Non-IT

(in Million sq.ft)(in Million sq.ft)

� Any economic development requires Industrialization (Manufacturing, Services,

etc.), that may in turn drive the need for Infrastructure, Residential, Amenities and

related demand.

� Such developments impacts the Environment on many ways:

1. Deforestation

2. Alteration to Soil Strata

3. Depletion of Natural Resources

4. Higher Emissions

Sustainable developmentSustainable development

� Since burdening the environment is unavoidable in such a scenario, looking at

minimization of the impact on the environment as lower as possible, will provide

Sustainability.

� Using Green Building Principles right from the design stage provides a solution to both

Operational efficiency, Social & Environmental aspects.

� Demand for the natural resources will keep on increasing. We need to adopt

alternative methods in order to fill up the shortfall

• Energy

• Renewable energy sources

• Optimal energy efficient building design

• Water

• Need for recycle and reuse.

Why GREEN ?Why GREEN ?

Buildings consume an average of

35% of the total energy being

consumed in India.

India has a 12% shortage in

power during the peak hours

between 5pm and 11pm

Non renewable energy sources

will run out and the world will

have to develop efficient

Renewable energy sources

“With global

warming looming

and energy prices

soaring, we need to

be doing all we can

to save energy.”

Depletion of oil & natural gas:

India – oil production and consumption,

2001-2011

India – natural gas production and

consumption, 2001-2012

Source: US Energy Information Administration: International energy statistics

We spend an average of 80% of our time indoors including office & home stay and 55% of our time inside our homes.

The poor indoor air quality has many negative effects like,

•Sick Building Syndrome

•Inadequate daylight & views

•Lower Productivity

•Harmful Chemicals & pollutants

71% of the Earth is covered in

water but only 2.5% is

freshwater

70% of that freshwater is

trapped in polar ice caps or

underground

Only 1% of the total water is

in easy to access rivers and

lakes.

Currently 1.1 billion

people lack access to

safe, clean drinking

water globally.

Sustainable Development is the way forwardSustainable Development is the way forward

SUSTAINABLE

DESIGN

Ecological value

Health & Wellness

Transport

Sustainable materials

Renewable Energy

Whole Life CostsSustainable Materials

"A green building uses less energy, water and natural

resources, creates less waste and is healthier for the people

living inside compared to a standard building”

Indian Green Building Council

What is a “Green Building”?

Ramanujan IT City – A Case Study

Ramanujan IT City

� TRIL Infopark is a SPV created to execute the Ramanujan IT

City SEZ project

� This SPV is a joint venture between TRIL , Indian Hotels

Company Limited (IHCL) and Tamil Nadu Industrial

Development Corporation.

� Ramanujan IT City is a humble tribute to the legendary

mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan who hailed from

Tamil Nadu, South India.

Project Partners

Strategic LocationStrategic Location

Project Site InformationOMR

OMR

Ramanujan IT City, Chennai

Littlewood Tower

Service

Apartment &

Convention

centre

Infinity Tower

Neville Tower

Carr Tower

Cambridge Tower

Hardy Tower

� Ramanujan IT City being a multi-tenanted campus, the focus was

LEED Gold - Core and Shell.

� The approach was in three phases

• DESIGN PHASE

• CONSTRUCTION PHASE

• OPERATIONAL PHASE

Ramanujan IT City - Approach

DESIGN PHASE

� Ramanujan IT City building design was done @ LEED-

GOLD Rated level in the following areas

� Energy

�BUILDING ENVELOPE

�HVAC

�ELECTRICAL

� Indoor Air Quality

� Waste Recycle

� Exercising the operation with EnMS 50001 Certificate

Ramanujan IT City – Design Phase

� Hollow block for wall construction

� Energy efficient Façade design with composite ACP cladding (U-

Value – 0.14 Btu/hr ft2 °F)

� Covered Parking

� Window Wall ratio of 30%

� Over deck XPS Insulation

� Double Glazed Unitised glazing (U-Value – 0.32 Btu/hr ft2 °F)

� Punch windows on East & West Direction to control Heat radiation

� Strip glazing on North & South for Efficient Day lighting

� Centralised Services in Utility block

� Three basement & two stilt covered parking for the vehicles.

� Providing separate smoking provision away from building,

maintaining building as nonsmoking zone

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES -Architectural

Façade Design

Punched windows on the East and West To

control heat radiation

Glazing on the North and South to

allow maximum day light

Unique Podium Concept @ Ramanujan IT City

Landscape Features

� Landscape has played a major part in reducing

the Heat Island effect in the campus

� Major portion of the podium area is covered

with greenery thereby reducing the heat

transmission to the lower floors and glare on to

the façade

� In the Ground floor too care has been taken to

reduce the glare with extensive vertical

landscaped compound wall and planters along

the entire stretch

� The top soil had been preserved at site during

excavation and same has been used for

landscape in site

� Care has been taken in choosing native species

of plants thereby reducing the water

requirement and survival of same.

Landscape Features

� Recycled water from STP is used for

landscape water requirement

� Sprinklers have been installed to minimize

wastage of water

� Recycling of water in water bodies has also

helped in reducing the water consumption

in landscape

� More than 90 % of the cars are located

under cover in basements.

� Care has been taken in choosing trees in

Ground level to see to it the same takes not

more than 5 years to grow full height and

give adequate cover to the open car parks

located in the external areas, thereby

reducing the Heat Island effect .

ParkingParking

- 5 Levels of ample car parking – Reduces heat island effect as a result of covered car park

- Epoxy flooring to reduce wear and tear

� Cooling tower selection for minimum drift and noise level

� VFD for motor speed control.

� Heat recovery wheels for pre cooling fresh air by using the waste exhaust air

from toilet etc., This ensures energy conservation in green buildings despite

of higher fresh air intake (i.e., In green buildings 30% more fresh air needs to

be supplied in all breathing zones to meet increased ventilation credit)

� Motorized damper for the fresh air to operate based on CO2 sensor.

� High COP (Low IKW / TR) Water chilling machines.

� CFC & HCFC free system used in all HVAC & fire suppression.

� CO sensors for the basement ventilation fans.

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

– HVAC

Indoor Air QualityIndoor Air Quality

� Intent

� Prevent Indoor Air Quality problems

� Enhance indoor air quality

� Comfort

� Well-being of the occupants

Good IAQ can enhance

Occupant productivity

by 5-15%

RITC – CFM 30 % more than ASHRAE standards

Indoor Air MonitoringIndoor Air Monitoring

� CO2 Monitoring

� All densely occupied spaces

� CO2 locations between 3’ and 6’ above the floor

� Non-densely occupied spaces

� A direct outdoor air-flow measurement

� Minimum air flow should be as per AHRAE 62.1-2004

� Increase air ventilation rates to all occupied spaces by at least 30%

above the minimum rate required by ASHRAE 62.1 2010

RECOMMENDED

CO2 LEVEL BY

ASHRAE 1000PPM

Space EnvironmentSpace Environment

MERV Filters

� MERV – Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value

� A number from 1 to 16 – relative to an air filter’s

efficiency.

�The higher the MERV, the more efficient the air filters is

in capturing particles.

MERV Filter

� Intent

�Thermal comfort to be met throughout the year

�Both temperature & humidity to be met

�RH control necessary

�Thermally comfortable environment

� Comply with ASHRAE standards 55-2004, including humidity control

Thermal Comfort

Water-cooled centrifugal ChillersWith series counter-flow arrangement

In spite of higher capital costs, water cooled

chillers were used due to the reduced

operational cost.

100% Recycled water used for Cooling tower

make up.

Energy Conservation Measures

� Air-conditioning

� Provided Water Cooled Chiller with higher COP

� Water cooled chiller - energy consumption less than Air cooled

Chiller

� Recycled water to Cooling Tower

� Energy efficient motors

89%

10% 1%

AC LIFE

CYCLE

COST

0.6

5 K

W/T

R

1.3

KW

/TR

POWER CONSUMPTION

Energy Conservation Measures Energy Conservation Measures

-- ElectricalElectrical

� Energy efficient fluorescent tube lights (T-5) shall be used.

� All fluorescent light fixtures are specified to incorporate electronic chokes

which have less watt-loss compared to electro-magnetic chokes and result in

superior operating power factor. This indirectly saves energy. Electronic chokes

also improves life of the fluorescent lamps.

� Energy efficient fluorescent lamps & CFL lamps which give approx. 30% more

light output for the same watts consumed and therefore require less nos. of

fixtures and corresponding lower point wiring costs.

� An APFC relay based on contactor switching is proposed to effect the power

factor correction / improvement.

Energy Efficient Fittings Used

LED CFL

T5

VFD

APPROACH

�REDUCE

�REUSE

�RECHARGE

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

–– Water EfficiencyWater Efficiency

� Rain water harvesting percolation pit with over flow connection to the system with

micro filter.

� STP has been designed to handle 100% waste water from the campus.

� Water efficient flush & flow fixtures have been adopted.

� Water recycling using treated water for the Toilet flush, landscape balance for the

cooling tower make up ,drift and evaporation losses (sewage recycled to the extent of

95 % )

� Variable speed secondary / tertiary pumps which ensure that chilled water is supplied

according to demand.

ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES

–– Water RecyclingWater Recycling

Energy Conservation MeasuresWater Recycling & Reuse

Total fresh water demand

(1010 KLD)

Water treatment plant

(950 KL)

Flow to DG scrubber (50 KLD)

Bldg Maintenance (10 KLD)

Sewage treatment plant

(Capacity -1400 KLD)

Water available from STP @ 95%

recovery (1330 KLD)

Domestic purpose @ 45 LPCD

(1410KL)

Green belt

(115 KLD)

AC Cooling tower make up

(700 KLD)

from STP (460

KLD)

To STP

(1400 KLD)

5% transmission

loss (55 KLD)

Water from CMWSSB

Treatment process

Total Consumption

STP STP –– Membrane BioMembrane Bio--reactorreactor

Sewage from user point WC and urinals

Coarse screen chamber

Oil and grease chamber

Collection / Equalization tank

Fine screen chamber

Anoxic tank

Bio-Aeration tank

MBR tank

UV lights

Hypo dosing

Treated water tank

To all blocks WC’s and urinals

Bio sludge to gardening

Liquid to collection pit

Decanter

Sludge holding tank

Softener

Softened water tank

Cooling tower makeup tank

Energy Analysis

TRIL infopark project ‘Ramanujan IT City’ at Chennai has a conditioned area of approximately

27,63,752 sq.ft. The overall Wall Window Ratio is approximately 35%. The office operates

throughout the year, with major spaces being used till late in the evening.

A baseline buildings as per the requirements

of ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1 – 2004 was modeled.

The average base case energy consumption

has been considered without modeling any

shades & overhangs in the building as

envisaged by the architects.

A zoning plan was developed for each floor &

entered into the simulation model. Each

zone was assigned a set of properties

including lighting power density, equipment

power density, occupancy rate, outside air

requirement etc. Each zone was also

assigned physical properties of floor-to-floor

height, material conductivity & fenestration

area etc.

Design Parameters

Building Envelop:

Exterior wall Construction: Metal

Frame

U Value= 0.12 Btu.in/hr sft 2 0F

Roof Construction:

Insulation above deck

U Value= 0.05 Btu.in/hr sft 20F

Floor Slab:

U factor= 0.35 Btu.in/hr sft 20F

Glazing:

U Value= 0.32 Btu.in/hr sft 20F

SC = 0.62

VLT = 75%

Wall window ratio= 30%

Occupancy:

Lobby- 30Sft/person

Office /Amenities- 70Sft/person

CFM/person- 30% over ASHRAE 62.1

Office/Amenities- 12cfm/person

Lobby: 8.8 cfm/person

Shading Device

Glazing Setback- 0.65ft East/West

Overhang- 1.3ft North/South

Lighting Equipment:

20% reduced LPD

Bldg envelope

data:

Win/Wall ratio

Glazing

Shading

Bldg site data:

Wall

Roof

Internal

loads:

LPD

HVAC:

HVAC Type

Fan control

Chiller:

parameter

DCV Ventilation

ENERGY SIMULATION

MISCELLANEOUS DATA - (FIXED)BUILDING DATA – (VARIABLES)

Output files

Operations

&

Scheduling

Occupancy

loads

Utility

rates

Economic

Parameter

s

Modelling process

A total of six design scenarios had been created including the conventional design and ASHRAE base design

configuration.

Scenario – 1: with conventional features & general specifications.

Scenario – 2: with ‘Green’ features

Scenario – 3: with modified ‘Green’ features

Scenario – 4: with modified ‘Green’ features

Scenario – 5: with actual / Design case features

Scenario – 6: with ASHRAE building standards

The Final Design was selected based on the ideal design scenarios

S. No

Model Input Parameter

Scenario 1(Original Design

Case)

Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5(As-Built Case)

Scenario 6(ASHRAE 90.1-2004 Baseline)

1 Exterior Wall

Construction

9 inch Brick Wall

U-value: 0.32

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

10 inch Cavity Brick

Wall

U-value: 0.24

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

Same as Scenario 2

(10 inch Cavity Brick

Wall

U-value: 0.24

Btu/hr.ft2 0F)

10mm thk. Concrete

board + 25mm XPS

insulation + 460mm

airgap + 4mm ACP

Cladding

U-Value = 0.14

Btu./hr.ft2 0F

Same as Scenario 4

(10mm thk. Concrete

board + 25mm XPS

insulation + 460mm

airgap + 4mm ACP

Cladding

U-Value = 0.14

Btu./hr.ft2 0F)

Steel Frame

U value-0.124

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

2 Roof

Construction

RCC Roof without

Insulation

U-value: 0.35

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

6” R.C.C slab + 3”

XPS Insulation + 4”

screed + 1” PCC

U-value= 0.05

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

Same as Scenario 2

(6” R.C.C slab + 3”

XPS Insulation + 4”

screed + 1” PCC

U-value= 0.05

Btu/hr.ft2 0F)

Same as Scenario 2

(6” R.C.C slab + 3”

XPS Insulation + 4”

screed + 1” PCC

U-value= 0.05

Btu/hr.ft2 0F)

Same as Scenario 2

(6” R.C.C slab + 3”

XPS Insulation + 4”

screed + 1” PCC

U-value= 0.05

Btu/hr.ft2 0F)

Insulation entirely

above deck

U value-0.063

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

3 Window to Wall

Ratio

40% 35% 35% 30% 30% 30%

4 Glazing Single Clear,

U Value: 1 Btu/hr.ft2

0F

SC : 0.87

DGU

U Value: 0.32

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

SC : 0.62

Same as Scenario 2

(DGU

U Value: 0.32

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

SC : 0.62)

Same as Scenario 2

(DGU

U Value: 0.32

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

SC : 0.62)

Same as Scenario 2

(DGU

U Value: 0.32

Btu/hr.ft2 0F

SC : 0.62)

U Value : 1.22

Btu/h.ft2°F

SC (All) : 0.29

5 Shading Devices None 6 Inches Recessed

Windows

Same as Scenario 2

(6 Inche Recessed

Windows)

Deep Recessed

Windows

Same as Scenario 4

(Deep Recessed

Windows)

None

Comparison of Scenarios for energy Modeling

6 Lighting Power

Density

Same as ASHRAE

Basecase

20% Reduction from

Basecase

LPD: 0.8W/Sq.ft

Same as Scenario 2

(20% Reduction from

Basecase

LPD: 0.8W/Sq.ft)

Same as Scenario 2

(20% Reduction from

Basecase

LPD: 0.8W/Sq.ft)

Same as Scenario 2

(20% Reduction from

Basecase

LPD: 0.8W/Sq.ft)

As per the Building

Area Method

ASHRAE 90.1-2004.

Office Floor - 1.0

W/ft2

Parking Area – 0.3

W/ft2

HVAC

System

Type

Constant Air Volume Variable Air Volume Same as Scenario 2

(Variable Air

Volume)

Same as Scenario 2

(Variable Air

Volume)

Same as Scenario 2

(Variable Air

Volume)

Table G3.1.1.B

System 8 –

PFP-VAV with reheat

with electric

resistance as heating

type

8 Fan Control in

A.H.U.’s

Constant Speed Variable speed Same as Scenario 2

(Variable speed)

Same as Scenario 2

(Variable speed)

Same as Scenario 2

(Variable speed)

Variable Speed

9 Chillers

Parameter

10X800 TR Water-

Cooled Rotary Screw

Chillers

COP – 5.5

10X800 TR Water-

Cooled Centrifugal

Chillers

COP – 5.5

20X400 TR Air-

Cooled Rotary Screw

Chillers

COP – 5.5

8X900 TR Water

Cooled Centrifugal

Chillers

COP - 6.1

Same as Scenario 4

(8X900 TR Water

Cooled Centrifugal

Chillers

COP - 6.1)

10X800 TR Water

Cooled Centrifugal

Chillers

COP - 6.1

10 Demand Control

Ventilation

None Yes Yes Yes Yes Not applicable

11 Ventilation None CO sensors in parking Same as Scenario 2

(CO sensors in

parking)

Same as Scenario 2

(CO sensors in

parking)

Same as Scenario 2

(CO sensors in

parking)

None

Screenshot Of 3D Model Using eQuest

Input

Parameters

Scenario 1:

Conv. Design

Scenario 2 Scenario 3 Scenario 4 Scenario 5:

As built

Design

Scenario 6:

ASHRAE

Baseline

Interior Lights 8376 7110 7110 7110 7110 8376

% increase 15.11 15.11 15.11 15.11 0.00

Equipments 10322 10322 10322 10322 10322 10322

Space Cooling 22908 10406 11618 9327 8048 12273

% increase 54.57 49.28 59.28 62.78 46.42

Heat Rejection 572 277 386 254 262 798

% increase 51.57 32.52 55.59 54.20 -39.51

Pumps & Aux 3052 2471 1889 1987 2231 3287

% increase 19.04 38.11 34.90 26.90 -7.70

Fans 16161 5096 5096 4967 5071 4691

% increase 68.47 68.47 69.27 68.62 70.97

Exterior Lights 153 153 153 153 153 153

Total 61544 35835 36574 34120 33197 39900

Savings - 41.77% 40.57% 44.56% 46.06% 35.17%

Results of Energy modeling

The Design case had a saving of 46.06 % over the conventional building

and 16.8% over ASHRAE baseline

Energy Use Characterization For All 6 Scenarios (Mwh)

ENERGY SAVINGS – 16.8%

CONSTRUCTION PHASE

Safety Initiatives

Toolbox Talks Safety Briefing

Construction Phase

Usage of top soil for landscaping within the site itself Sprinkling water all around the site to keep the site dust free

Building Material

Most materials used are Green rated materials

Recycle content-To reduce the demand on virgin material.

Concrete: It is seen to it that the concrete contains minimum of 5 to 10% fly ash content in

the mix prepared in the batching plant.

Hollow Blocks: Again it is ensured with the supplier that they have used at least about 10%

of fly ash in the manufacture of blocks

Tiles, Cement boards: Manufacturer to ensure the recycle content in the product

Insulation, adhesives, sealants & paints: Low VOC content. To reduce respiratory

infections and maintain a healthy atmosphere in the office areas. This has proved to

increase the performance of the occupants

Carpet used: Certified by the Carpet authority

Waste steel, Gypboard, etc: Forwarded to the Recycle plant

Labour Camp

Food Waste ProcessingFood Waste Processing

Final Product

OPERATIONS PHASE

IMS Certification For operational efficiency

ISO 9001

QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

� Customer Confidence

� Export Business

� Competitive advantage

� Corporate Image

ISO 14001

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

� Threats from society ,

government on environmental

issues are minimized.

� Trade barrier from certain

customers is avoided.

� The unproductive time loss in

litigation is avoided.

BS OHSAS 18001

SAFETY

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

�Damage to Human beings is

avoided.

�Down Time is avoided

�Possible Litigations are avoided.

ISO 50001

ENERGY MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

�Reduce energy usage

�Effective use of energy

�Reduce operational costs

�Environmental impact

Actual Energy Reading – HVAC Tenant area (For 2 years)

Actual energy reading – HVAC Common area(For 2 years)

EPI (Energy Performance Index)Annually based on building occupation

Total Energy performance index for:

Conventional Non-green building = 240 kWh / m2 / year

Other bench marked Green buildings = 185 kWh / m2 / year

Ramanujan IT City = 170 kWh / m2 / year

Operational Cost Reduction

Operational Cost for 3.4 Million sq.ft of IT building with 16.8

% energy saving translates to:

�Actual Energy Cost = Rs. 7.57 Crores / Month, resulting in

savings of Rs. 18.5 Crores/ Annum

�Actual oil consumption = 795 KL/Month resulting in savings

of 1927 KL / Annum .

�Reduction in emissions = 15,000 Tons of Co2 (0.85

tCo2/MWh)

�Fresh water consumption reduced by 54% due to Recycling

& Reuse.

Views of Ramanujan IT City

Views of Ramanujan IT City

Views of Ramanujan IT City

Views of Ramanujan IT City

Views of Ramanujan IT City

To Sum Up

� Green Buildings

� Tremendous opportunity for tangible

& intangible savings

� Tremendous Benefits

� Individual

� Society

� Nation

� Instill in the citizens

� A Sense of Pride

� Contribution to society

Ultimately contribute towards a Greener Planet

As Responsible Citizens of India, we should not only look at the needs of

the present day but, also the needs of the generations to come and also

make sure the environment is completely protected.

This is what we mean by – “ The Value of Sustainability”

Sustainable Construction: Conclusion

THANK YOU

For the energy and patience sustained !