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Ramifications of Charlotte Regional Growth and Weekday
Activities on Primary and Secondary Emissions
Jenny L. Perry and Patrick M. Owens
Department of Chemistry
Winthrop University
Objectives
• Show Charlotte regional growth by traffic volumes
• Characterize trends in NOy, CO, and Ozone monitoring data
• Understand how daily traffic fluctuations affect pollutant levels
Approach Taken• Characterize daily traffic patterns and growth
using available traffic data
• Examine daily and long-term trends in primary pollutants NOy and CO; relate traffic patterns to primary pollutants
• Assess emission patterns from power plants
• Evaluate changes in Ozone concentrations; compare the long-term ozone trend to traffic growth, precursor trends, & temperature
Traffic, Monitor, and Power Plant Sites
Traffic Sites
Roadway Tachograph Loc. Data Available
Interstate 77 SC Welcome CenterBetween Exits 88 & 90
June-August 1990-1997(Hourly data)
South Blvd (Hwy521)
Between Poindexter &Marsh @ Pepsi Plant
May-Sept 1990-1998, (7-8AM, 5-6PM, Daily)
Wilkinson Blvd (Hwy 29&74)
Remount RdIntersection
May-Sept 1990-1998,(7-8AM, 5-6PM, Daily)
Graham St. Past Railroad Tracks @ 12th St.
May-Sept 1990-1998,(7-8AM, 5-6PM, Daily)
I-77 Traffic Volume vs Time of Day(June-August 1990-1997)
0
2000
4000
6000
Time of Day (Hour)
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday
Fluctuations of Average Traffic Volume(All Sites)
0.25
0.45
0.65
0.85
1.05
1.25
S M T W R F SA
Day of Week
7-8 AM
5-6 PM
Daily
Average Daily Traffic Volume vs Year
(South Blvd: May-Sept., I-77: June-August)
15000
25000
35000
45000
55000
65000
75000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Year
South Blvd
I-77
I-77 Average Traffic Volume vs Year (June-August)
1000
1750
2500
3250
4000
4750
5500
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Year
Hourly
7-8 AM
5-6 PM
South Blvd Average Traffic Volume vs Year(May-September)
750
1250
1750
2250
2750
3250
3750
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
Year
Hourly
7-8 AM
5-6 PM
Plaza Ave rage Hourly CO Conce ntrations( M ay- September 1993- 1998)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
4 5 6 7 8 9 10Time of Day
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday
Plaza Ave rage Hourly NOy Conce ntrations
(May- September 1995- 1998)
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
4 5 6 7 8 9 10Time of Day
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday
Average 7-8 Am CO Concentrations vs Year(May-September 1993-1998)
375
425
475
525
575
625
675
725
775
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
County Line
Plaza
Average 7-8 AM NOy Concentrations vs Year(May-September 1995-1998)
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
County Line
Plaza
Regional NOx Sources
• 1997 Gaston County Power Plant Emissions– 12,930 tons (Allen)– 3,780 tons (Riverbend)
• 1996 Mecklenburg County Emissions– 17,295 tons (mobile sources)– 687 tons (stationary sources)
Allen Average NOx Emissions vs Time of Day
(May-September 1997-1998)
0.38
0.4
0.42
0.44
0.46
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Time of Day
Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday
Allen Plant CO2 Emissions vs Time of Day(May-September 1997-1998)
90
140
190
240
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23
Time of DaySunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday
Thursday Friday Saturday
Fluctuations in Average 7-8 AM CO2 and NOx
(Allen and Riverbend Plants, May-Sept. 1997-1998)
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
S M T-F SA
Day of Week
CEM CO2
CEM NOx
Daily Fluctuations of 7-8 AM CO, NOy and Traffic(All Monitors)
0.32
0.42
0.52
0.62
0.72
0.82
0.92
1.02
1.12
1.22
S M T-F SA
Day of Week
Noy
CO
Traffic
Daily Fluctuations in Average 1-hr Max O3(May-Sept. 1990-1998)
0.95
0.97
0.99
1.01
1.03
1.05
S M T-F SA
Day of Week
County Line
Arrowwood
Plaza
Daily Fluctuations in O3 by Average Max 8hr (May-September 1990-1998)
0.96
0.98
1
1.02
1.04
S M T-F SA
Day of Week
County Line
Arrowwood
Plaza
Average Daily 1-Hour Max O3 Concentration (May-September 1990-1998)
0.05
0.0550.06
0.065
0.070.075
0.080.085
0.09
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Year
County Line
Arrowwood
Plaza
Days over 90 vs Year
15253545556575
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Year
Nu
mb
er o
f D
ays
ove
r 90
Average May-Sept. High Daily Temperatures
85.
6
85.
6
82.
1
87.
5
83.
5
83.
1
83.
6
83.
6
86.
8
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Monthly Maximum Temperatures
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
May Jun Jul Aug Sep
1990
1991
19921993
1994
1996
1997
1998
1995
July Max Avg Temp and 8 hr O3 Levels
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
85
90
95
100
Max 8Hr Ozone Max Daily Temp
August Max Avg Temp and 8 hr O3 Levels
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
82
87
92
Max 8Hr Ozone Max Daily Temp
Average Daily 8-hr Max O3 vs Year(May-September 1990-1998)
0.045
0.05
0.055
0.06
0.065
0.07
0.075
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998
Year
County Line
Arrowwood
Plaza
O3 Standard Deviation of the Mean (8-hr Average)
0.00100
0.00110
0.00120
0.00130
0.00140
0.00150
0.00160
0.00170
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
County Line
Arrowwood
Plaza
Changes in May-Sept Average Daily Maximum 8 Hr Ozone Level
MonitoringSite
1994Average
1998Average
% Increase
County 0.055 0.071 29
Arrowwood 0.048 0.065 35
Plaza 0.052 0.067 29
O3 Standard Deviation of the Population (8-hr Average)
0.014
0.015
0.016
0.017
0.018
0.019
0.02
0.021
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Year
County Line
Arrowwood
Plaza
Holiday Fluctuations in 1hr Max O3, & 7-8 AM CO, NOy & Traffic
(Labor and Memorial Day, F-R Week, All Monitors, 17 Weeks of O3 Data)
0.15
0.35
0.55
0.75
0.95
1.15
1.35
1.55
S M T W R F SA
Day of Week
O3
CO
NOy
Traffic
Daily Fluctuations in 1-Hr M ax O3
(A ll M onitors, 17 Weeks of M emorial & Labor Day F-R )
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
S M T W R F SA
Day of Week
Conclusions• Weekend traffic reductions correlate with NOy and to a
lesser extent with CO
• Weekend traffic reduction appears to have little immediate effect on Ozone levels; there seems to be a small cumulative effect from current and previous days’ activities
• Power production emulates traffic pattern; NOx power plant emissions vary little within each week
Conclusions
• Average May-Sept daily 7-8 AM NOy and 7-8 AM CO levels in the region appear to be on the rise
• Average daily maximum Ozone readings at all three monitoring sites in Mecklenburg County have been rising since 1994
• Long-term trends in ozone are influenced by temperature
Acknowledgements• North Carolina Division of Air Quality
(Steve Few, Brian Timin)
• City of Charlotte Department of Transportation (Charles Able)
• South Carolina Department of Transportation (Joe Boozer)
Additional Supporting O3 and Temperature Graphs
• O3 and temperature graphs for the months of May, June and September follow. The months of July and August are depicted in the presentation.
May Max Avg Temp and 8 hr O3 Levels
0.05
0.06
0.07
199019911992199319941995199619971998
73
78
83
88
Max 8Hr Ozone Max Daily Temp
June Max Avg Temp and 8 hr O3 Levels
0.045
0.055
0.065
0.075
1990199119921993 19941995199619971998
76
81
86
91
96
Max 8Hr Ozone Max Daily Temp
September Max Avg Temp and 8 hr O 3 Levels
0.0350.0450.0550.0650.075
199019911992 199319941995 199619971998
76
81
86
Max 8Hr Ozone Max Daily Temp