Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College · Hindi Vidya Prachar Samiti’s, Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala...

Hindi Vidya Prachar Samiti’s, Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College of Arts, Science & Commerce M. Sc Botany Syllabus Semester Ⅳ

1

Hindi Vidya Prachar Samiti’s

Ramniranjan Jhunjhunwala College

of Arts, Science & Commerce

(Autonomous College)

Affiliated to

UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

Syllabus for the M.Sc.

Program: M.Sc. BOTANY

Program Code: RJSPGBOT

(CBCS 2018-19)


2

M.Sc Botany Semester IV

Outline of the Course: RJSPBOT401 and RJSPBOT402 are common papers for all specialisations

RJSPBOT401: Techniques and Instrumentation.

RJSPBOT402: Cell and Molecular Biology.

RJSPBOT403 and RJSPBOT404 are Optional Papers in any one of the following specialisations.

1. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (PPB)

2. Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)

Theory – RJSPGBOT401 4 Credits

Theory – RJSPGBOT402 4 Credits

Theory – RJSPGBOTPPB403/ RJSPGBOTMCB403 4 Credits

Theory – RJSPGBOTPPB404/ RJSPGBOTMCB404 4 Credits

Practical’s (based on all 4 courses) – RJSPBOT40P1, RJSPBOT40P2,

RJSPGBOTPPB40P3/ RJSPGBOTMCB40P &

REVIEW PAPER (RJSPGBOTPPB40P4/ RJSPGBOTMCB40P4) 16 Credits


3

SEMESTER IV (Common Papers)

Course Code UNIT TOPIC HEADINGS Credits L / Week

RJSPGBOT401 Title of the Paper: TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION

I Centrifugation 4 1

II Chromatography 1

III Tracer Technique & PCR 1

IV Nanotechnology & IPR 1

RJSPGBOT402 Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology

I Gene Regulation I 4 1

II Gene Regulation II 1

III Gene Regulation III 1

IV Cell signalling 1

RJSPGBOT401 Techniques and instrumentation 2 4

RJSPGBOT402 Molecular Biology 2 4


4

Specialization: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry

RJSPGBOTPPB403 Title of the Paper: Plant Biochemistry 4

I Lipid Metabolism 1

II Amino Acid Metabolism 1

III Cytosolic Carbon & Mitochondrial Metabolism 1

IV Senescence 1

RJSPGBOTPPB404 Title of the Paper: Plant Physiology 4

I PGR 1

II Phytoremediation 1

III Sensory photobiology 1

IV Secondary Metabolism 1

RJSPGBOTPPBP403 Plant Physiology 2 4

RJSPGBOTPPBP404 Research project submission and presentation 2 4


5

Specialization: Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)

RJSPGBOTMCB403

Title of the Paper: Plant Biotechnology

I Environmental Biotechnology 4 1

II Traditional Knowledge & IPR 1

III Nanotechnology 1

IV Food Biotechnology 1

RJSPGBOTMCB404 Title of the Paper: Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics

I Plant Breeding, I 4 1

II Plant Breeding II 1

III Molecular plant Breeding 1

IV Plant Genetic Engineering 1

RJSPGBOTMCBP40P3 Plant Biotechnology

2 4

RJSPGBOTMCBP40P4 PROJECT

2 4


6

SEMESTER IV (General Papers)

Course Code Topic Credits

RJSPGBOT401 TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTATION 4

UNIT I: Centrifugation

Ø Basics principle of Sedimentation.

Ø Types of rotors.

Ø Differential & density gradient centrifugation.

Ø Preparative centrifugation & Applications; Analytical centrifugation &

application.

1

Unit II: Chromatography

Ø General Principle of chromatography.

Ø Techniques and applications of Ion exchange, Affinity Chromatography&

HPLC.

Ø Application of HPTLC & HPLC in validation of herbal drugs.

1

Unit III: Tracer techniques & PCR

Ø Pattern and rate of radioactive decay, Units of radioactivity, Stable Isotopes

Ø Principle, instrumentation & technique: Geiger-Muller counter,

Liquid, scintillation counters & Autoradiography.

Ø Applications of isotopes in biology: Tracer techniques & Autoradiography.

Ø PCR and its applications.

1

Unit IV: Nanotechnology & IPR

Ø Synthesis of nanoparticles using biological samples.

Ø Characterization of nanoparticles (FTIR, SEM, TEM, STEM, Scanning Tunneling

Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope, UV-Vis,).

Ø IPR: Outcomes, process & scope.

1


7

M.Sc. Semester IV Theory

RJSPGBOT401

Paper I

Techniques and

instrumentation

Course Outcome 4.1:

1. Detailed study and application of centrifugation and analysis of

Differential & density gradient solution.

2. Detailed study of all type of chromatography techniques and its

applications.

3. Study of tracer techniques & PCR with applications of isotopes in biology

4. Synthesis of nanoparticles using biological samples

5. Detailed study of IPR: Outcomes, process & scope.

Learning outcome:

Ø Knowing the working and application of centrifugation

Ø Mechanism of all different types of chromatography techniques

Ø Learning the tracer techniques & PCR with applications

Ø Understanding the application of IPR


8


RJSPGBOT402 Molecular Biology 4

UNIT I: Gene Regulation I

Ø Regulations of gene expression in bacteria – TRP operon, ARA operon, Histidine

operon.

Ø Regulation of gene expression in bacteriophage λ.

1

Unit II: Gene Regulation II

Ø Control of gene expression in eukaryotes, Transcriptional control, RNA processing

control, mRNA translocation control, mRNA degradation control, protein

degradation control.

1

Unit III: Gene Regulation III

Ø Genetic regulation of development in Drosophila.

Ø Developmental stages in Drosophila – embryonic development, imaginal discs,

homeotic genes.

1

Unit IV: Cell signaling.

Ø Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptor, intracellular receptor, signaling

through G-protein coupled receptors, signal relay pathways-signal transduction

pathways, second messengers, regulation of signaling pathways, bacterial and plant

two-component systems, light signaling in plants, bacterial chemotaxis and quorum

sensing.

Ø Forms of signaling (paracrine, synaptic, autocrine, endocrine, cell to cell

contact).

1


9

M.Sc. Semester IV Theory

RJSPGBOT402

Paper II

Molecular Biology

Course Outcome 4.2:

1. Detailed study of Regulations of gene expression in bacteria and

bacteriophage λ.

2. Mechanism of gene expression in transcription, RNA processing and

post translation modification in eukaryotes.

3. Genetic regulation of development stages in Drosophila.

4. Study of mechanism and types of cell signaling.

Learning outcome:

Ø Understanding concept of Regulations of gene expressions

Ø Learning mechanism and types of cell signaling with its application

RJSPGBOT40P1 TECHNIQUES AND

INSTRUMENTATION 2

4

Ø Separation of proteins by Ion exchange chromatography.

Ø Separation of amino acids by two-dimensional chromatography.

Ø Viscosity studies of proteins: standard BSA and varying

concentrations of urea.

Ø Synthesis of nanoparticles.

Ø Characterization of nanoparticles by UV spectroscopy.

Ø Filing a patent.

Ø Industrial visit and report submission.


10

M.Sc. Semester IV Practical

RJSPGBOT40P1

Practical I

Techniques and

instrumentation

Course Outcome:

1. Separation of proteins and amino acids by chromatography.

2. Viscosity studies of proteins: standard BSA and varying concentrations

of urea.

3. Synthesis and characterization of nanoparticles.

4. Industrial visit and report submission.

Learning outcome:

Ø Knowing the application of chromatography depending on the target

molecule

Ø Understanding the application of nanoparticles

RJSPGBOT40P2 Molecular Biology 2 4

Ø Isolation of plasmid DNA.

Ø Quantification of plasmid DNA.

Ø Agarose gel electrophoresis separation of plasmid DNA.

Ø Restriction enzyme digestion and separation of fragments.

Ø Southern blot transfer technique.

Ø Transformation of E. coli cell by plasmid DNA.

Ø β-galactosidase expression and assay.


11


RJSPGBOT40P2

Practical II

Molecular Biology

Course Outcome:

1. Isolation, quantification and separation of plasmid DNA and

transformation of E. coli cell.

2. Restriction enzyme digestion and separation of fragments.

3. Southern blot transfer technique.

4. β-galactosidase expression and assay.

Learning outcome:

Ø Understanding concept and handling of molecular techniques for

plasmid analysis

Ø Learning the application of tools in molecular biology


12

Specialization: Plant Physiology and Biochemistry (PPB)

Course Code Topic CREDITS

RJSPGBOTPPB403 Plant Biochemistry 4

Unit I: Lipid metabolism

Synthesis and Function of membrane, structural & storage lipids, Omega fatty acids,

beta oxidation of odd and even carbon containing fatty acids.

1

Unit II: Amino acid metabolism.

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids (Proline, Glycine, Asparagine, Tryptophan,

Phenylalanine), Regulation of amino acid biosynthesis.

1

Unit III: Cytosolic carbon and Mitochondrial metabolism.

Synthesis and breakdown of Sucrose and Starch, regulation of Glycolysis and

Gluconeogenesis. Catabolic role of the TCA cycle, Anabolic role of the TCA cycle

intermediates, Anapleurotic CO2 fixation, provision of acetyl CoA for biosynthesis,

Regulation of TCA.

1

Unit IV: Senescence.

Pigment Metabolism, Protein metabolism and Oxidative metabolism during

senescence. Programmed cell death (PCD) an overview.

1


13

M.Sc. (PPB) Semester IV Theory

RJSPGBOTPPB403

Paper-III

Plant Biochemistry

Course Outcome 4.3:

1. Study of lipid metabolism synthesis and function of membrane,

structural & storage lipids

2. Detailed study biosynthesis and regulation of amino acids

3. Study of the cytosolic carbon and mitochondrial metabolism.

4. Study of pigment, protein and oxidative metabolism during

senescence.

Learning outcome:

Ø Understanding the lipid and amino acids synthesis and regulation

Ø Learning the importance cytosolic carbon and mitochondrial

metabolism.

Ø Understanding the senescence regulation


14


RJSPGBOTPPB404 Plant Physiology 4

Unit I: PGRs

Ø Modulation of plant genomes by natural PGRs- Auxins, GA,

Cytokinin’s, Ethylene & ABA.

1

Unit II: Phytoremediation

Ø Types of Phytoremediation- Advantages & limitations, Remedial

measures- Rhizosphere based & Plant based, Hyper accumulators.

Ø Role of genetic engineering & various enzymes in phytoremediation.

1

Unit III: Sensory Photobiology

Ø Structure, function and mechanism of phytochromes, Cryptochromes

and Phototropins, Phytochrome induced whole plant response,

Molecular basis of flower organization: MADS box genes and their

expression. Problems based on ABC model for flower organization.

1

UNIT IV: Secondary Metabolism

Ø General biosynthetic pathways in the formation of secondary

metabolites. Biosynthesis and role of Phenols, Phenylpropanes,

Coumarins, lignin’s, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenes

1


15

M.Sc. (PPB) Semester IV Theory

RJSPGBOTPPB404

Paper-IV

Plant Physiology

Course outcome 4.4:

1. Detailed study of PGR regulation.

2. Exploring the techniques of all types of Phytoremediation

3. Understanding the mechanism of sensory photobiology and molecular

basis of flower organization.

4. Detailed study of biosynthetic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary

metabolites

Learning outcome:

Ø Understanding the role of PGR in plant

Ø Understanding detailed concept of phytoremediation and its

application

Ø Application of phytochrome for desired designed plants

Ø Commercial application and use of secondary metabolites

RJSPGBOTPPB40P3 Plant Biochemistry 4

Ø Estimation of Saponification & Iodine Value of Fats and Oil.

Ø Measurement and Characterization of Chlorophylls and Carotenoids by

Spectroscopy at different stages of Senescence.

Ø Estimation of Tryptophan.

Ø Study of enzymes SDH and effect of inhibitors on its activity.

Ø Estimation of polyphenols.

Ø Extraction & separation of Glucosinolates from Mustard.

Ø Extraction & separation of Piperine from Piper.

Ø Extraction & separation of lycopene from Lycopersicum.



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RJSPGBOTPPB40P3

Practical III

Plant Physiology

Course Outcome:

1. Estimation of Saponification & Iodine Value of Fats and Oil.

2. Measurement and Characterization of Chlorophylls and

Carotenoids by Spectroscopy at different stages of Senescence.

3. Estimation of tryptophan and polyphenols.

4. Study of enzymes SDH and effect of inhibitors on its activity.

5. Extraction & separation of Glucosinolates from Mustard, Piperine

from Piper and lycopene from Lycopersicum.

Learning outcome:

Ø Know the importance and use of fats and oil, chlorophylls,

tryptophan and polyphenols in plants.

Ø Understanding the biosynthesis and storage of secondary

metabolite in plant cell and its commercial application

RJSPGBOTPPB40P4 Plant Physiology 4

Ø Project submission


RJSPGBOTPPB40P4

Practical IV

Plant Physiology

Course Outcome:

Research methodology will be discussed and well-defined material and

methods, discussion, results and conclusions, references and its presentation

based on some advanced techniques in Botany.

Learning outcome:

Ø Application of all knowledge and interpretation

Specialization: Molecular Biology, Cytogenetics and Biotechnology (MCB)


17


RJSPGBOTMCB403 Plant Biotechnology 4

Unit I: Environmental Biotechnology.

Ø Biosorption: use of fungi, algae and biological components.

Ø Biomass for energy: Sources of biomass, advantages &disadvantages,

uses of biomass.

Ø Biogas production from food processing waste: vegetable canning

waste, flour, molasses etc.

Ø Ethanol from biomass and Lignocellulosic residue.

Ø Risks of GMO

1

Unit II: Traditional Knowledge & IPR

Ø Different property rights & IPR in India.

Ø TRIPS &Patent laws: Introduction & standards for patent protection.

Ø WTO& Indian Patent Laws.

Ø Protection of traditional knowledge– outcome, concept of traditional

knowledge, holders, issue concerning, bio-prospecting and biopiracy;

Advantages of IPR, some case studies.

Ø International Depository authority, Gene patenting, Plant variety

protection, Trade secrets & Plant breeder’s rights.

1

Unit III: Nanotechnology

Ø Introduction, properties of Nano-materials.

Ø Green synthesis of nano-materials, biological methods, use of

microbial system & plant extracts, use of proteins & templates like

DNA.

Ø Application of nano-materials in food, cosmetics, agriculture,

environment management and medicine.

Ø Risk of Nanomaterial to human health and Environment.

1


18

Unit IV: Food Biotechnology.

Ø Factors affecting spoilage.

Ø Quality control of food.

Ø Enzyme immunoassays (ELISA).

Ø Radioimmunoassay (RIA), Monoclonal antibodies and DNA probes.

1

M.Sc. (MCB) Semester IV Theory

RJSPGBOTMCB403

Paper-III

Plant Biotechnology

Course Outcome 4.3:

1. Study of biosorption, biomass for energy, biogas production and risks

of GMO.

2. Detailed study of Different property rights & IPR in India

3. Detailed study of Nanotechnology

4. Study of Food Biotechnology and its application for Quality control

of food

Learning outcome:

Ø Understanding the application of Environmental Biotechnology,

property rights & IPR

Ø Learning the importance of Quality control of food


19


RJSPGBOTMCB404 Molecular Biology and Cytogenetics 4

Unit I: Plant Breeding I

Ø Aims and outcomes, plant introductions and acclimatization.

Ø Selection – Mass, Pure line and Clonal.

Ø Hybridization techniques, hybridization in self-pollinated and cross-

pollinated plants.

Ø Genetic control and manipulation of breeding systems including male

sterility and apomixes.

1

Unit II: Plant Breeding II

Ø Distant hybridization: In nature (plant breeding) – Barriers to the production of

distant hybrids; Unreduced gametes in distant hybridization; Sterility in distant

hybrids; Consequences of segregation in distant hybrids;

Ø Applications and Achievements of distant hybridization in crop improvement;

Limitations of distant hybrids.

1

Unit III: Molecular plant Breeding (Transgenic Crops)

Ø Natural method of gene transfer (Agrobacterium and virus), selectable

markers.

Ø Artificial methods of gene transfer: Direct DNA uptake by protoplast,

Electroporation, Liposome mediated and particle gun transformation

Ø Production of Transgenic plants: Virus resistant & Herbicide –resistant, plants,

Bt Cotton, Golden rice.

1

Unit IV: Plant Genetic Engineering

Ø Production of bio pharmaceuticals in transgenic plants.

Ø Edible vaccines & Plantibodies.

Ø DNA-based molecular marker aided breeding: RAPD, RFLP, AFLP, STS, ISSR,

Microsatellites.

1


20

M.Sc. (MCB) Semester IV Theory

RJSPGBOTMCB404

Paper-IV

Molecular Biology

and Cytogenetics

Course outcome 4.4:

1. Detailed study of plant breeding with hybridization techniques and its

applications.

2. Mechanism of molecular plant breeding of transgenic crops

3. Detailed study of plant genetic engineering

Learning outcome:

Ø Understanding the importance of plant breeding

Ø Understanding detailed concept of molecular plant breeding of

transgenic crops

Ø Knowing the effect of plant genetic engineering and its applications

RJSPGBOTMCB40P3

Plant Biotechnology 4

Ø Identify cultivars of any vegetable by Isoenzymes.

Ø Karyotype analysis of any one vegetable crop plant eg. Chili, Tomato/

Brinjal.

Ø Study of Mitotic Index.

Ø Culturing of Drosophila and study of genetic traits.

Ø Blood group testing

Ø Culturing of human blood cells and karyotyping

Ø Karyotypes of genetic disorders.


21


RJSPGBOTMCB40P3

Practical III

Plant Biotechnology

Course Outcome:

1. Identify cultivars of any vegetable by Isoenzymes.

2. Study of Mitotic Index.

3. Culturing of Drosophila for the study of genetic traits.

4. Blood group testing, Karyotypes of genetic disorders.

Learning outcome:

Ø Understanding the importance and application of PTC

Ø Skill development in PTC

Ø Knowing the types of bioreactors and its commercial application

RJSPGBOTMCB40P4

Plant Biotechnology 4

Ø Project submission


RJSPGBOTMCB40P4

Practical IV

Plant Biotechnology

Course Outcome:

Research methodology will be discussed and well-defined material and

methods, discussion, results and conclusions, references and its presentation

based on some advanced techniques in Botany.

Learning outcome:

Application of all knowledge and interpretation

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22

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