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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Document
BOM Code
Product
Name WCDMA NodeB&RNC
Intended
Audience INTERNALProduct
Version
Prepared by UMTS Maintenance
Department
Document
Version
HSDPA Deployment Guide (RAN 10)
Prepared by HSPA team, UMTS
Maintenance DepartmentDate
Reviewed by Date
Reviewed by Date
Approved by Date
2023-04-11 Huawei Confidential Page 1 of 49
HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All rights reserved
2023-04-11 Huawei Confidential Page 2 of 49
HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Overview........................................................................................................................ 8
1.1 Introduction to HSDPA........................................................................................................8
1.2 Availability........................................................................................................................... 9
1.2.1 Network Elements Involved......................................................................................9
1.2.2 Version Matching....................................................................................................10
1.2.3 Other Support.........................................................................................................11
1.3 Implementation..................................................................................................................11
1.3.1 HSDPA Code Allocation Policies............................................................................11
1.3.2 Flow Control...........................................................................................................11
1.3.3 Scheduling..............................................................................................................15
1.3.4 Power Control on HSDPA Channels.......................................................................16
1.3.5 RRM Policies of HSDPA.........................................................................................18
1.3.6 Signaling over HS-DSCH........................................................................................18
Chapter 2 Basic Principles..........................................................................................................19
2.1 Overview of Basic HSDPA Principles................................................................................19
2.2 HSDPA Structure..............................................................................................................19
2.2.1 F-DPCH..................................................................................................................19
2.3 Mobility Management........................................................................................................21
2.3.1 HSDPA over Iur......................................................................................................21
Chapter 3 Upgrade Guide............................................................................................................23
3.1 RNC Upgrade....................................................................................................................23
3.1.1 Upgrade Requirements...........................................................................................23
3.1.2 Upgrade Procedure................................................................................................23
3.2 NodeB Upgrade................................................................................................................24
3.2.1 Upgrade Procedure................................................................................................24
Chapter 4 Data Configuration Policies.......................................................................................25
4.1 Building an HSDPA Network.............................................................................................25
4.1.1 Configuring the GGSN (Huawei).............................................................................25
4.1.2 Configuring the SGSN (Huawei).............................................................................25
4.1.3 Configuring the HLR Subscription (Huawei)...........................................................25
4.2 Checking Transmission Configuration on Iub and Iu Interfaces........................................25
4.2.1 Checking Transmission Configuration on Iub interface...........................................25
4.2.2 Checking the Bandwidth on Iu-PS Interface...........................................................26
4.2.3 Configuring the NodeB...........................................................................................26
4.2.4 Configuring the RNC...............................................................................................26
4.3 Service and Bearer Configuration.....................................................................................26
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
4.3.1 Configuring the subscription of HSDPA UE............................................................26
4.3.2 Configuring the HSDPA code allocation.................................................................26
4.3.3 Configuring the HSDPA Cell Power........................................................................27
4.3.4 Configuring HSDPA Scheduling and Flow Control.................................................27
4.3.5 Configuring HSDPA Power Control........................................................................28
4.3.6 Configuring the QoS Mechanism for HSDPA.........................................................28
4.3.7 Configuring the HSDPA License.............................................................................29
4.3.8 Configuring SRB on HS-DSCH...............................................................................29
4.3.9 Configuring the HSPA over Iur................................................................................29
4.4 Configuring Radio Resource Management.......................................................................30
4.4.1 Configuring HSDPA Measurement Control.............................................................30
4.4.2 Configuring HSDPA Admission Control..................................................................30
4.4.3 Configuring HSDPA Load Control...........................................................................31
4.5 Typical HSDPA Configuration in Competition Scenario (14.4 Mbit/s)...............................31
Chapter 5 Networking Strategy...................................................................................................33
5.1 Overview........................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Allocation Strategy in Dual-Carrier Service.......................................................................33
5.2.1 Load Balancing Based Solution..............................................................................34
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting..........................................................................................................41
6.1 Services Cannot Be Connected to HSDPA Channels.......................................................41
6.2 Download Rate is 0 after HSDPA is Enabled....................................................................41
6.3 HDSPA Service Download Rate is Low............................................................................41
6.4 Rate of 7.2 Mbit/s High-Rate Service is Low.....................................................................42
6.5 HSDPA Service Rate Remains at 2 Mbit/s........................................................................42
Chapter 7 Appendix...................................................................................................................... 44
7.1 RNC-related MML commands...........................................................................................44
7.2 NodeB Related MML Commands......................................................................................45
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Flow control bits in an HS-DSCH data frame........................................................12
Figure 1-2 Power offset of HS-DPCCH..................................................................................17
Figure 2-1 F-DPCCH frame structure.....................................................................................20
Figure 2-2 Multiplexing multiple F-DPCHs.............................................................................20
Figure 2-3 Static relocation....................................................................................................22
Figure 5-1 Dual-carrier application.........................................................................................33
Figure 5-2 Mobility management............................................................................................35
Figure 5-3 DRD policy in dual-carrier.....................................................................................37
Figure 5-4 DRD policy in dual-carrier.....................................................................................37
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
List of Tables
Table 1-1 Abbreviations............................................................................................................6
Table 1-1 Requirements for hardware......................................................................................9
Table 1-2 Categories of HSDPA-enabled UEs..........................................................................9
Table 1-3 Version matching table...........................................................................................10
Table 1-4 Performance of four types of MAC-hs scheduling algorithm...................................16
Table 3-1 Recommended RNC versions for commercial use.................................................23
Table 5-1 Configuration comparison between F1 carrier and F2 carrier.................................34
Table 5-2 Reference settings for user access policies in F1 and F2 carriers..........................38
Table 5-3 Reference settings for LDR policies in F1 and F2 carriers......................................39
Table 7-1 RNC-Related MML Commands..............................................................................44
Table 7-2 MML commands related to the NodeB....................................................................45
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
HSDPA Deployment GuideKey words
HSDPA, HARQ, MAC-HS scheduling
Abstract
This document supplements and amends the HSDPA Deployment Guide V18 based
on the RAN 10 features. This document describes the deployment preparations, basic
principles, upgrade precautions, data configuration policies, networking strategy, and
FAQs of the HSDPA and works as a guide for field deployment. The man-machine
language (MML) commands in this document are based on the RNC
BSC6800V100R010C01B051/BSC6810V200R010C01B051 and BBU3806-
BBU3806C V100R010C01B050.
The descriptions in this document are used for references only, but not as basis of
any reply to the customers or public.
List of abbreviations
Table 1-1 Abbreviations
Abbreviation Full Spelling
ACK Acknowledgement
AG Absolute Grant
BE Best Effect
CN Core Network
DCCH Dedicated Control Channel
DCH Dedicated Channel
DPCH Dedicated Physical Channel
DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel
FP Frame Protocol
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access
IR Increment Redundancy
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Abbreviation Full Spelling
MAC-d Medium Access Control - dedicated
NACK Negative Acknowledgement
NE Network Element
PDU Protocol Data Unit
QoS Quality of Service
RG Relative Grant
RLC Radio Link Control
RLS Radio Link Set
RNC Radio Network Controller
RoT Raise of Thermal
RSN Retransmission Sequence Number
RV Redundancy Version
RTT Round Trip Time
SF Spreading Factor
SG Serving Grant
SRNC Serving RNC
TNL Transport Network Layer
TSN Transmission Sequence Number
TTI Transmission Time Interval
UE User Equipment
UTRAN UMTS Radio Access Network
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Chapter 1 Overview
1.1 Introduction to HSDPA
The high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is introduced to the WCDMA R5 as
an enhancement of the standard WCDMA, that is, the Release 1999 (R99). The use
of the HSDPA technology helps provide a high data rate and a low delay at the radio
downlink. It largely shortens the data download time of a user equipment (UE) by
providing the high-rate download service, fast access, and short delay, and improves
Web page browsing and online interaction. Therefore, the HSDPA improves the
service experience of the users.
The HSDPA is an important feature of the WCDMA R5 used to increase the downlink
capacity that troubles the WCDMA R99. As the downlink high-speed data solution for
the WCDMA, the HSDPA supports a maximum theoretical rate of 14.4 Mbit/s at the
physical layer.
The HSDPA benefits mobile operators and end users in the following aspects:
Increasing the downlink capacity of the network and reducing the cost of
transmitting data streams
The HSDPA provides a higher data transmission rate than the standard WCDMA by
quickly regulating the modulation and coding schemes at the downlink according to
the actual radio environment of a UE. The theoretical chip rate of the HSDPA can
reach 14.4 Mbit/s. The theoretical rate of a single UE at the IP layer can reach 12
Mbit/s or higher.
For a mobile operator, the use of HSDPA can reduce the unit cost for transmitting
every mega bytes of data streams, increase the average capacity of the system, and
improve the downlink data service performance of a UE. For example, a three-minute
mobile video clip consists of 3 mega bytes. A short message consists of 160 bytes.
When these bandwidth-dense services spread, the existing R99 network lacks
capacity.
Improving the service performance for end users
The HSDPA offers a high data transmission rate, short service response time, and
reliable service performance for a UE. Therefore, it improves the service experience
of the UE.
Supporting easy deployment
A mobile operator concerns about the expenses for building an HSDPA network. This
depends on the device prices and service strategies of the operator. As a high-rate
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
data service enhancement technology in the WCDMA R5, the HSDPA is compatible
with the WCDMA R99. The operator can upgrade NodeBs in the existing WCDMA
R99 network to introduce the HSDPA with little impact on the existing architecture.
This helps shorten the network construction period and protect the investments of the
operator.
1.2 Availability
1.2.1 Network Elements Involved
The HSDPA has some requirements on the UE, NodeB, radio network controller
(RNC), and core network (CN). The following figure shows the requirements of the
HSDPA for these network elements (NEs). The √ means that the HSDPA has
requirements for the NE.
Table 1-2 Requirements for hardware
IP
RequirementUE NodeB RNC CN
Data
configuration
requirement
None √ √No special
requirements
Hardware
requirement√ √
No special
requirements
No special
requirements
1) UE
The UEs that support the HSDPA are classified into 12 categories according to the
capability. The maximum downlink rate varies from 0.9 Mbit/s to 14.4 Mbit/s. The
following table lists the capability of these UE categories.
Table 1-1 Categories of HSDPA-enabled UEs
Category
Maximum
Number of
HS-DSCH
Codes
Minimum TTIMaximum
Data Blocks
Maximum
Rate (Mbit/s)
1 5 3 7298 1.2
2 5 3 7298 1.2
3 5 2 7298 1.8
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Category
Maximum
Number of
HS-DSCH
Codes
Minimum TTIMaximum
Data Blocks
Maximum
Rate (Mbit/s)
4 5 2 7298 1.8
5 5 1 7298 3.6
6 5 1 7298 3.6
7 10 1 14411 7.2
8 10 1 14411 7.2
9 15 1 20251 10.2
10 15 1 27952 14.4
11 5 2 3630 0.9
12 5 1 3630 1.8
2) NodeB
The DBS3800 uses the HBBU. Therefore, such NodeB supports the HSDPA.
HBBI or EBBI are recommended for the BTS3812E. If these boards are
unavailable, such NodeB must be configured with at least one HDLP and one
HULP.
DBS3900 and BTS3900 support the HSDPA.
1.2.2 Version Matching
Table 1-1 Version matching table
No.Compatible
ProductVersion Remarks
1 RNCBSC6810 V200R010C01B051/BSC6810
V100R010C01B051
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
2 M2000
Common
iManagerM2000V200R006
C01B060+SP02 and later
versions
iManagerM2000V200R008
C01B051 and later
versions
Mediation
iManagerM2000(RNC_MA
TCH_CHS)V200R006C01
B216
3 NodeBAll V100R008 NodeB versions
Not
support
RAN 10
new
features
All V100R010 NodeB versions
All V200R010 NodeB versions
4 CME WRAN CME V100R005C01B060
1.2.3 Other Support
1.3 Implementation
1.3.1 HSDPA Code Allocation Policies
The HSDPA throughput of a cell depends on the number of HS-PDSCH codes in the
cell. The maximum number of codes supported by a UE depends on the HSDPA
category of the UE. The policies for allocating HS-PDSCH codes are as follows:
Static code allocation
Dynamic code allocation controlled by the RNC
Dynamic code allocation controlled by the NodeB
An HS-SCCH carries the information about the downlink HS-PDSCH allocated for
each UE. The information carried in the HS-SCCH includes the information required
by the UE to demodulate the HS-PDSCH, including the UE ID, HS-PDSCH code
allocation information, code demodulation information, and transmission block size.
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Each HS-SCCH contains 128 spreading factors (SFs). Within the transmission time
interval (TTI) of 2 ms, the information carried in each HS-SCCH is intended for only
one UE. To schedule multiple UEs within 2 ms, multiple HS-SCCHs are required.
1.3.2 Flow Control
The HSDPA flow control makes full use of the bandwidth on the Iub interface by
restricting the sending Medium Access Control – dedicated (MAC-d) flow on the Iub
interface, and works with HSDPA scheduling to make full use of the resources on the
Uu interface.
I. Allocating the bandwidth for UE queues
II. Avoiding congestion on the Iub interface
3) On the NodeB, use adaptive flow control and traffic shaping to avoid congestion
on the Iub interface.
4) On the RNC, use VP shaping and backpressure to avoid congestion on the Iub
interface.
Bandwidth allocation for UE queues
A NodeB allocates the bandwidth on the Iub interface for each MAC-hs queue
according to the buffering status of the queue and the rate on the Uu interface.
If the queue lacks data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is higher than the
rate on the Uu interface. If the queue contains sufficient data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is
close to the rate on the Uu interface.
If the queue contains excessive data, the bandwidth allocated by the NodeB is
lower than the rate on the Uu interface.
Traffic shaping on Iub interface
When the Iub bandwidth is limited, allocate the bandwidth according to the UE
priority. The rate for a UE is proportional to the scheduling priority index (SPI) weight.
During bandwidth allocation, guaranteed bit rate (GBR) UEs are preferred. Then, the
remaining bandwidth is allocated according to the UE priority, that is, SPI weight.
When there is a severe lack of bandwidth, and the bandwidth cannot meet
requirements of all the GBR UEs, the GBR UEs with high priority are preferred. If the
Iub bandwidth is not lacking, after traffic shaping, queues that desire bandwidth the
most are preferred in bandwidth allocation.
Adaptive flow control on Iub interface
A NodeB determines the congestion on the Iub interface by checking the frame loss
rate and delay, and thus adjusts the bandwidth allocated over the Iub interface.
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Figure 1-1 Flow control bits in an HS-DSCH data frame
The Frame Seq Nr field is used to check the frame loss rate on the Iub interface.
The DRT field is used to check the delay on the Iub interface.
If the frame loss rate in the HS-DSCH is beyond the threshold, or the jitter of the
HS-DSCH frames within a period of time exceeds the delay threshold, the
bandwidth for the HSDPA service on the Iub interface is reduced.
If the frame loss rate in the HS-DSCH is lower than the threshold, or the jitter of
the HS-DSCH frames within a period of time is lower than the delay threshold,
the bandwidth for the HSDPA service on the Iub interface is increased.
Compared with a NodeB of V18, the following improvements are made to a NodeB of
RAN 10:
Flow control can be disabled for voice over IP (VoIP) services, thus ensuring the
bandwidth for real-time services.
Differentiated flow control in traffic shaping is modified. When the bandwidth is
lacking, GBR queues are preferred and SPI queues are allocated with Iub resources
according to the SPI weights.
The BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE policy is added. The NodeB can automatically
toggle between no flow control and adaptive flow control. If no congestion occurs to
the NodeB transmission modules during the measurement period, the NodeB
performs no flow control. Otherwise, the NodeB performs adaptive flow control.
VP shaping and backpressure
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
1) Flow control and backpressure based on RLC retransmission rate
In cases when virtual path (VP) backpressure is not supported, the radio network
controller (RNC) provides the layer 2 flow control based on the radio link control
(RLC) retransmission rate. Congestion detection is based on the retransmission rate.
This means that congestion happens and packets are discarded. In addition, the
round trip delay (RTD) is long. Therefore, congestion detection and flow control take a
long time and result in poor performance.
2) Backpressure of V17/V18 OSEc
This backpressure policy is based on the priority queues, including CBR/RT,
VBR/NRT, and VBR/UBR. When congestion occurs in a certain queue, the rate of the
best effect (BE) UEs in this queue falls. When no congestion occurs to the queue, the
rate of the BE UEs in the queue increases.
3) Backpressure on PVC in RNC of V29
The backpressure mechanism in the RNC of V29 is based on the permanent virtual
channel (PVC). A PVC is configured with a queue. Two PVCs of a same type have
different queues. After receiving the PVC backpressure signal, the destination
signaling point (DSP) reduces the rate for the UEs in this PVC.
4) VP backpressure on virtual port in RNC of V210 and V110
In VP backpressure by virtual port, when congestion occurs on a PVC in a port, the
port is regarded as congested. The port is not regarded as congested only when no
congestion occurs to any of the PVCs. In port congestion or congestion release, the
DSP reduces or raises the rates of all the users in the port. The L2 flow control
algorithm is used to ensure the fairness between R99 and HSDPA and the GBR.
Recommended flow control modes
The NodeB can work with the RNC to enable multiple flow control modes for different
application scenarios. The recommended matching between flow control algorithms
of the NodeB of V17, V18, V29, V110, or V210 and backpressure algorithms of the
RNC is as follows:
1) For a commercial network
If the Iub interface board in an RNC supports backpressure, enable RNC
backpressure. If the interface board does not support backpressure, enable VP
shaping in a NodeB of V29, V110, or V210 to perform flow control based on the
requirements of an operator.
Enable backpressure on the OSEc in the RNC of V17 or V18 by running SET
PORTFLOWCTRLSWITCH.
By default, backpressure is enabled on the AEU, AOU, or UOI interface board in
the RNC of V29. If the interface boards do not support backpressure, run ADD
VP to enable VP shaping.
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Enable backpressure on the OSE or PIE interface board in the RNC of V110 by
running SET PORTFLOWCTRLSWITCH. If the interface boards do not support
backpressure, run ADD VP to enable VP shaping for flow control.
Enable backpressure on the AEU, AOU, UOI_ATM, UOI_IP, or GOU/FG2
interface board in the RNC of V210 by running SET PORTFLOWCTRLSWITCH.
For the interface boards that do not support backpressure, run ADD VP to
enable VP shaping if flow control is required.
For a NodeB of the version earlier than R10, enable the adaptive flow control by
running SET HSDPAFLOWCTRLPARA. Set the SWITCH parameter to the
default value, that is, AUTO_ADJUST_FLOW_CTRL.
For a NodeB of R10, the BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE policy is
recommended. Run the following command: SET
HSDPAFLOWCTRLPARA:SWITCH=BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE
2) For a competitive test
If the Iub interface board in the RNC supports backpressure, enable RNC
backpressure. It is recommended that you do not configure the VP.
If the Iub interface board in the RNC supports backpressure, and the networking
mode of the NodeB is direct connection, enable backpressure in the RNC.
Perform the following flow control policy for the NodeB: flow control based on the
RNC backpressure, that is, no flow control. Run SET HSDPAFLOWCTRLPARA.
Set SWITCH to NO_FLOW_CTRL.
If the Iub interface board in the RNC supports backpressure, and the networking
mode of the NodeB is cascading, enable backpressure in the RNC. Perform the
following flow control policy for the NodeB: enable adaptive flow control in a
NodeB of the version earlier than R10. In a NodeB of R10, use the
BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE policy.
If the Iub interface board in the RNC does not support backpressure, perform the
following flow control policy for the NodeB: enable adaptive flow control in a
NodeB of the version earlier than R10. In a NodeB of R10, use the
BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE policy.
1.3.3 Scheduling
The object of the scheduling algorithm is all the UEs that need to share the HSDPA
channels. The scheduling algorithm is used to balance the resources and UEs.
The factors to be considered are as follows:
Consider the fairness. Make sure that every UE has the chance to transmit data.
Consider the channel conditions. A channel with a high carrier-to-interference
rate (C/I) is more likely to be chosen.
Consider the UE priority. A UE with high priority is more likely to be chosen.
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
Common scheduling algorithms
RR scheduling
This algorithm schedules all the UEs in turn and provides the best fairness. However,
this algorithm may increase the number of UEs that cannot reach the GBR and lead
to a low throughput in the cell.
Max C/I
This algorithm prefers UEs with good channel quality and brings the cell throughput to
the peak. However, UEs with poor channel environment are not served, and the
fairness is poor.
PF
The proportional fair (PF) scheduling algorithm allocates resources to UEs with high
SPI weights. The higher the SPI weight and the better the reported CQI, the higher
the proportion of allocated resources.
EPF
The enhanced proportional fair (EPF) scheduling algorithm incorporates GBR
features and guarantees the QoS of GBR services. This algorithm provides partially
fair scheduling opportunities for GBR UEs when considering the UE priority. In the
case of surplus power and code resources, this algorithm provides partially fair
scheduling opportunities for all the UEs.
Table 1-1 Performance of four types of MAC-hs scheduling algorithm
Algorithm Strength Weakness
Max C/I
Increases the cell throughput to
a high level. When the UE GBR
is the same, this algorithm
helps a large number of UEs
reach the GBR.
Some UEs with poor channel
quality cannot be allocated with
resources. The fairness is poor.
PF
Improves the fairness among
UEs. Users with poor channel
quality can be allocated with
resources.
The number of UEs that reach
the GBR falls
RR
scheduling
Users can fairly share the
scheduling opportunities.
The number of UEs that cannot
reach the GBR may increase.
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
EPF
scheduling
Ensures the GBR requirements
for streaming services and BE
services. You can configure the
GBR for BE services through
the LMT of the RNC and
NodeB. If the rate of BE
services reaches the GBR,
requirements of the BE UEs
can be satisfied.
The cell throughput is lower than
that in the max C/I algorithm.
It is recommended that you use the EPF scheduling algorithm to ensure the GBR.
The quality of service (QoS) for VoIP services is introduced to the NodeB of RAN 10.
Therefore, the VoIP delay-sensitive queue is added. This queue has a higher SPI.
The scheduling priority of the delay-sensitive data is higher than that of the traffic-
sensitive data.
1.3.4 Power Control on HSDPA Channels
The HSDPA introduces three types of physical channels to the R5, that is, UL HS-
DPCCH, DL HS-PDSCH, and DL HS-SCCH. Power control on HSDPA channels
refers to power control on these three types of channels. Dynamic power control is
recommended.
Power control on HS-DPCCH
No separate power control is available for the HS-DPCCH. There is a power offset
between the HS-DPCCH and the associated UL DPCCH.
Figure 1-2 Power offset of HS-DPCCH
The output power of the HS-DPCCH is obtained through the following formula:
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
PHS-DPCCH = PUL DPCCH x 10ΔHS-DPCCH/10
PHS-DPCCH is the output power relative to the UL DPCCH.
For the first timeslot of a TTI, when the UE responds with the ACK message,
ΔHS-DPCCH is equal to ΔACK; when the UE responds with the NACK message,
ΔHS-DPCCH is equal to ΔNACK.
For the second and third timeslots of a TTI, ΔHS-DPCCH is equal to ΔCQI.
The SRNC configures the information about the power offset of the uplink HS-
DPCCH, including PO-ACK (ΔACK), PO-NACK (ΔNACK), and PO-CQI (ΔCQI). PO-
ACK or PO-NACK is used when ACK or NACK is transmitted over the HS-DPCCH.
PO-CQI is used on the timeslot of the CQI.
The UE calculates the power of the HS-DPCCH to the DPCCH according to the PO-
ACK, PO-NACK, and PO-CQI. The value of ΔHS-DPCCH is PO-ACK, PO-NACK, or
PO-CQI in the preceding cases.
Power control on HS-HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH
The power on downlink HSDPA channels, that is, HS-HS-PDSCH and HS-SCCH, is
controlled by the NodeB-based scheduling algorithm and power algorithm of the HS-
SCCH.
The power algorithms of the HS-SCCH are classified into two types, that is, fixed
power control and power control based on CQI, ACK, NACK, or DTX.
1.3.5 RRM Policies of HSDPA
The HSDPA admission control includes power admission control on streaming and
BE services, and admission control on bandwidth on the Iub interface.
To support the load balancing for inter-frequency networking through the HSDPA, the
potential PUC algorithm and the load balancing algorithm for the downlink DCH and
HSDPA in access state are introduced to the NodeB of RAN 10.
HSDPA load control policies
LDR algorithm: When the cell resources exceed the basic congestion threshold, the
cell enters into the basic congestion state. In this case, the cell triggers the LDR
algorithm to remove the congestion.
OLC algorithm: When the uplink or downlink power in an R99 cell exceeds the uplink
or downlink triggering threshold for OLC, the cell enters into the overload congestion
state. To ensure that the system is stable, fast OLC actions are required to quickly
eliminate the overload congestion in the cell. When the uplink or downlink power in an
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HSDPA Deployment Guide Internal
R99 cell is lower than the uplink or downlink released congestion for OLC, the cell
enters into the basic congestion state.
PUC algorithm: This algorithm updates the cell reselection parameters of two carriers
according to the load of the two carriers, to control the camping behavior of idle UEs
in hot-spot areas.
Load balancing algorithm for downlink DCH and HSDPA in access state: This
algorithm allows two carriers to balance HSDPA UEs in access state.
1.3.6 Signaling over HS-DSCH
The downlink signaling data is transmitted over the HS-DSCH to save the channel
code resources in the cell. The delay is lower than that when the downlink signaling
data is transmitted over the DCH.
Implementation scheme: Use the F-DPCH to send TPC commands for power control
at the downlink. Transmit the downlink signaling data over the HS-PDSCH. Four
signaling radio bearers (SRBs) can be mapped to one MAC-d flow. When the cell and
UE support the –DPCH, and the downlink signaling bearer policy is to use the HS-
DSCH, transmit t0he downlink signaling data over the HS-DSCH. Otherwise, transmit
the downlink signaling data over the DCH. If the downlink signaling data is not
transmitted over the HS-DSCH due to admission reasons, the RNC tries to transmit
the signaling over the HS-DSCH through the periodical reattempt function of SRB
over HSPA.
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Chapter 2 Basic Principles
2.1 Overview of Basic HSDPA Principles
In the R99 specifications, downlink data is sent through the DCH. In the R5, the
HSDPA is used to transmit the downlink data. The downlink signaling, however, needs
to be transmitted through the DCH. CS services also need to be transmitted through
the DCH. In the case of concurrent CS services and PS services, the HSDPA channel
is required to transmit PS services, and DCH is required to transmit CS services and
signaling. At the uplink, the DCH is used to transmit signaling and services, including
PS and CS services. In the R6, the SRB over HSPA is introduced. This feature allows
the HSPA channel to transmit signaling. As the IP QoS mechanism develops, the CS
services can be transmitted on the PS domain, that is, VoIP.
In the R5, one type of transmission channel, that is, HS-DSCH, and three types of
physical channels, that is, HS-SCCH, HS-PDSCH, and HS-DPCCH, are added. In the
R6, to enable the SRB over HSPA, the Fractional-Dedicated Physical Control
Channel (F-DPCH) is added.
2.2 HSDPA Structure
The HSDPA depends on the new channels. In the R5, the HS-PDSCH is used to
transmit the downlink UE data, the HS-SCCH is used to transmit the downlink control
information, and the HS-DPCCH is used to transmit the uplink control information. In
the R6, to transmit the signaling data over the HSPA channels, that is, transmit
downlink signaling over the HS-PDSCH and uplink signaling over the E-DPDCH, the
F-DPCH is used for uplink power control.
The following section describes the F-DPCH in the RAN 10.
2.2.1 F-DPCH
In the R5, the downlink associated DPCH transmits the signaling data and TPC
commands. Each UE is allocated with one downlink DPCH. In this case, the channel
code resources in a cell may be used up before the power resources and thus
become the bottleneck of the cell capacity. In the R6, to enable the SRB over HSPA,
the F-DPCH is added.
The F-DPCH is a special downlink physical control channel as shown in Figure 4.
Every 10-ms frame contains 15 slots. Each slot contains 2560 chips used to transmit
the TPC commands. Compared with the dedicated downlink physical channel in the
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R99, the F-DPCH preserves only the TPC field for power control. The F-DPCH is
used for uplink power control. When UEs in RRC_DCH status use HSDPA channels
for downlink transmission, an F-DPCH used to send TPC commands for power
control must be established. Downlink DPCHs conflict with the F-DPCH. When a
DPCH is used for downlink transmission, the downlink DPCCH is used to perform
uplink power control. In this case, you do not need to establish an F-DPCH.
Therefore, the F-DPCH can be regarded as a special downlink DPCCH.
Figure 1-3 F-DPCCH frame structure
A NodeB of RAN 10 allows 10 F-DPCHs to share a channel code with 256 spreading
factors, thus saving the channel code resources and power resources in the cell and
improving the system capacity. A UE uses a 2-bit symbol in a slot to transmit TPC
commands. The Pilot field and TFCI are omitted. An F-DPCH can be regarded as an
associated channel in SRB over HSDPA.
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
TPC
UE1
UE2
UE3
UE4
UE5
UE6
UE7
UE8
UE9
UE10
P-CCPCH f rameoff set 256chi p( )
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Figure 1-4 Multiplexing multiple F-DPCHs
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2.3 Mobility Management
2.3.1 HSDPA over Iur
The RAN 10 supports the HSDPA over Iur, including the following aspects:
Establishing HSDPA over Iur radio links
Re-configuring HSDPA over Iur radio links
Increasing HSDPA over Iur radio links
Increasing HSDPA over Iur radio links and changing associated service links
Relocating HSDPA over Iur service links to DRNC
Changing HSDPA over Iur service links inside DRNC
Supporting static relocation of HSDPA services
Supporting preemption of HSDPA UEs by DRNC
Updating RL parameters for HSDPA over Iur
Supporting SRB over HSDPA over Iur
HSPA handover over Iur
During HSPA handover over Iur in a DRNC, check the HSPA attributes of the DRNC
and those of the Iur interface separately.
Whether a DRNC can join the HSPA service depends on the following conditions:
The DRNC supports the HSDPA service.
The Iur interface supports handover.
The Iur interface in the DRNC supports transmission of HSDPA service. This is
controlled through a switch on the SRNC side.
Static relocation of HSPA over Iur
When the Iur interface is enabled, the UE can connect to the CN through the SRNC
by using the radio resources of the DRNC. The Iur interface can transmit the DCH
data and HS-DSCH data.
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Figure 1-5 Static relocation
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Chapter 3 Upgrade Guide
3.1 RNC Upgrade
3.1.1 Upgrade Requirements
The following table lists the recommended RNC versions for commercial use of 3.6
Mbit/s and 7.2 Mbit/s HSDPA and presentation of 14.4 Mbit/s HSDPA
Table 1-1 Recommended RNC versions for commercial use
Recommended RNC VersionSupport HSDPA
7.2 Mbit/s
Support HSDPA 10.1
Mbit/s and 14.4 Mbit/s
BSC6800V100R008C01B071 Yes No
BSC6800V100R008C01B082 Yes No
BSC6810V200R009C01B072 Yes No
BSC6810V200R010C01B051 Yes Yes
BSC6810V100R010C01B051 Yes Yes
To support the HSDPA, upgrade the RNC to the related version. Unless otherwise
specified, the upgrade procedure in the following section applies to the RNCs of V18,
V29, V110, and V210.
3.1.2 Upgrade Procedure
3) Checking the RNC version
Check the RNC version and the target version before upgrade. You can view the
upgrade guide of the target version to check whether there are rules for upgrading the
existing RNC version to the target version. If there are such rules, you can upgrade
the RNC by using RNC upgrade tools.
4) Upgrading the RNC by using upgrade tools (recommended)
To upgrade the RNC by using upgrade tools, perform the steps according to the
upgrade guide for related version. This document does not specify the upgrade steps.
5) Upgrading the RNC when upgrade tools are unavailable
Verify that the services are normal in the existing RNC.
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Export configuration scripts.
Adapt the configuration scripts to the HSDPA feature.
Clear the data on the BAM. Run the configuration scripts. Run the FMT DATA
command to load and reset the RNC from the BAM and verify services.
3.2 NodeB Upgrade
3.2.1 Upgrade Procedure
6) HBBI or EBBI are recommended for the BTS3812E. If these boards are
unavailable, the BTS3812E must be configured with at least one HDLP and one
HULP.
An HBBI can process 128 CEs at the uplink and 256 at the downlink. The uplink
resources of HBBI and HULP can form an uplink resource pool. The downlink
resources of HBBI and HDLP can form a downlink resource pool. An HBBI can
process three cells at the uplink and three at the downlink. The HBBI supports the
HSDPA technology and 14.4 Mbit/s of traffic for each cell.
An EBBI can process 384 CEs at the uplink and 384 at the downlink. The uplink
resources of EBBI and HULP or EULP can form an uplink resource pool. The
downlink resources of HBBI and HDLP or EULP can form a downlink resource pool.
An EBBI can process six cells at the uplink and six at the downlink. The EBBI
supports the HSDPA technology and 30 Mbit/s of traffic for each cell.The EBBI also
supports the HSUPA technology and 15 Mbit/s of traffic for each cell in this case.
To support RAN 10 features, upgrade to a V100R010 or V200R010 NodeB.
7) Upgrading the software
This document provides the suggestions for the upgrade from the R99 to the HSDPA
version. The upgrade procedure varies from one version to another. Refer to the
related upgrade guide.
Upgrade the R99 to the specified HSDPA version. For a commercial office, download
the target version through the OMCH by using the M2000 to the standby workspace
in the NodeB. Then, activate the version at the proper time. Reset the NodeB to
complete upgrade.
Use the CME to prepare the configuration script of an HSDPA version. Download the
script through the OMCH by using the M2000 to the NodeB. Reset the NodeB to
replace the script.
If the script is incorrect, log in to the LMT to check the local commissioning network
port of the NodeB. The default IP address of the port is 17.21.2.15. Download the
modified script or run MML commands to add the related HSDPA attributes.
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Chapter 4 Data Configuration Policies
4.1 Building an HSDPA Network
4.1.1 Configuring the GGSN (Huawei)
The HSDPA provides a higher throughput than the R99. This means that the UMTS
supports a higher rate. In this case, you need to run SET QOS to set the capacity on
the gateway GGSN and the 14.4 Mbit/s services supported by the RAN 10.
4.1.2 Configuring the SGSN (Huawei)
To support 14.4 Mbit/s services, run SET 3GSM to upgrade the SGSN to the related
version.
4.1.3 Configuring the HLR Subscription (Huawei)
Run MOD GPRS to set the downlink rate required by an operator. The RAN 10
network supports a maximum downlink rate of 13.976 Mbit/s.
4.2 Checking Transmission Configuration on Iub and Iu Interfaces
4.2.1 Checking Transmission Configuration on Iub interface
Add the types of paths that transmit the HSDPA service on the RNC and NodeB
sides.
For example,
ADD AAL2PATH: PAT=HSPA_NRT;
ADD IPPATH: TFT=HSPA_NRT;
The bandwidth on the RNC side or NodeB side depends on the actual physical
transmission bandwidth on the Iub interface. Make sure that the bandwidth on the
RNC, that is, sustainable cell rate (SCR), is the same as that on the NodeB, that is,
receive cell rate (RCR).
Check the bandwidth of the AAL2 path on the RNC side that transmits the HSDPA
service. Run DSP AAL2PATH to check the actual available bandwidth, that is, SCR.
The HSDPA bandwidth on the NodeB side depends on the RCR. Check the RCR
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configuration of the AAL2 path. For the bandwidth configuration, see the Transmission
Configuration Guide.
Configure the bandwidth of an IP RAN by referring to the IP RAN Deployment Guide.
The physical bandwidth for IP transmission is larger than the rate on the Uu interface.
Therefore, the IP bandwidth is recommended to be 15 Mbit/s. In addition, in IP RAN
networking, make sure that the port modes on both ends are the same, that is, 100
Mbit/s full-duplex.
4.2.2 Checking the Bandwidth on Iu-PS Interface
8) Run LST IPOAPVC to query for the traffic parameter index on the user plane.
9) Run LST ATMTRF to query for the rates supported by the traffic index, including
the peak cell rate (PCR) and SCR. If the supported rates are low, change them
to over 100 Mbit/s.
4.2.3 Configuring the NodeB
In versions later than V18, the HSDPA function is enabled by default.
4.2.4 Configuring the RNC
Run ACT CELLHSDPA to enable the HSDPA function in the related cell.
4.3 Service and Bearer Configuration
4.3.1 Configuring the subscription of HSDPA UE
All the UE subscription information is stored on the HLR. The preceding sections
describe the parameters related to the HSDPA attributes. An operator configures the
values of these parameters according to the subscription requirements.
4.3.2 Configuring the HSDPA code allocation
The HSDPA code allocation is based on cells. Fixed code allocation and RNC-based
dynamic code allocation are performed on the RNC side. NodeB based dynamic code
allocation is performed on the NodeB side. The policies for allocating codes on the
RNC and NodeB are as follows:
Recommended mapping between HSDPA RNC dynamic code and NodeB dynamic
code:
1. If the version of the NodeB is V17, enable the RNC dynamic code. A NodeB of V17
does not support the NodeB dynamic code.
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2. If the version of the NodeB is V18, V19, or V20, and the version of the RNC is V18,
choose from the following policies:
2.1 Enable the RNC dynamic code. Disable the NodeB dynamic code. A NodeB of a
version later than V17 supports the NodeB dynamic code.
2.2 Enable the NodeB dynamic code and the RNC dynamic code.
3. If the version of the NodeB is V18, V19, or V110, and the version of the RNC is
V29, V110, or V210, enable the dynamic code on the NodeB and use the static code
for the RNC. Configure one HS-PDSCH code and two HS-SCCH codes.
To enable the RNC-based dynamic code allocation policy, set the maximum number
of HS-PDSCH codes to 10, the minimum number of HS-PDSCH codes to 5, and set
the number of HS-SCCH codes to 2, run the following command:
ADD CELLHSDPA: CellId=1, AllocCodeMode=Automatic, HsPdschMaxCodeNum=10,
HsPdschMinCodeNum=5, HsScchCodeNum=2;
To enable the RNC-based static code allocation policy, set the number of HS-PDSCH
code to 1, and set the number of HS-SCCH codes to 2, run the following command:
ADD CELLHSDPA: CellId=1, AllocCodeMode=Manual, HsPdschCodeNum=1, HsScchCodeNum=2,
CodeAdjForHsdpaSwitch=ON;
In addition, pay attention to the restriction on the license number. Run DSP LICENSE
on the LMT of the NodeB to query for the available code resources.
Run SET MACHSPARA to configure the code on the NodeB. To enable the NodeB
based dynamic code allocation policy, run the following command:
SET MACHSPARA: LOCELL=1, DYNCODESW=OPEN;
You cannot detect the dynamic code used by the NodeB on the LMT of the RNC. An
idle code with 16 SFs, however, is occupied by the HSDPA.
4.3.3 Configuring the HSDPA Cell Power
The HSDPA cell power is configured on the RNC. Run ADD CELLHSDPA to
configure the static power and dynamic power. The power is relative to the maximum
transmit power in the cell. For example, to set the overall HSDPA power to the
maximum transmit power in the cell, run the following command:
ADD CELLHSDPA: CellId=1, HspaPower=0;
If the HSDPA power is the same as the maximum transmit power of the cell, it is
regarded as dynamic power. Otherwise, it is regarded as static power.
4.3.4 Configuring HSDPA Scheduling and Flow Control
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Four scheduling algorithms are supported. Run SET MACHSPARA to configure the
algorithm on the NodeB. For example, to use the EPF scheduling algorithm, run the
following command:
SET MACHSPARA: SM=EPF;
Flow control on the NodeB (BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE is enabled by default):
To enable the BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE policy, run the following command:
SET HSDPAFLOWCTRLPARA: SWITCH=BW_SHAPING_ONOFF_TOGGLE;
VP backpressure on the RNC side
For an RNC of V110, run the following command to turn on the backpressure switch
on the OSE and PIE interface boards:
SET PORTFLOWCTRLSWITCH: OSEFlowCtrlSwitch=ON, PIEFlowCtrlSwitch=ON;
For an RNC of V210, run the following command to enable flow control on the AEU,
AOU, UOI, GOU, and FG2 interface boards:
SET PORTFLOWCTRLSWITCH: AEUFlowCtrlSwitch=ON, AOUFlowCtrlSwitch=ON,
UOIATMFlowCtrlSwitch=ON, UOIIPFlowCtrlSwitch=ON, GOUFlowCtrlSwitch=ON,
FG2FlowCtrlSwitch=ON;
Add a virtual port:
ADD VP;
4.3.5 Configuring HSDPA Power Control
Run SET HSDPCCH on the LMT of the RNC to configure the power control on the
HS-DPCCH. It is recommended that you use the baseline parameter values.
Run SET MACHSPARA on the LMT of the NodeB to configure the power control on
the HS-SCCH. It is recommended that you use the CQI-based adaptive power
control. For example, to adjust the HS-SCCH power control based on the CQI and set
the frame error rate to 1%, run the following command:
SET MACHSPARA: SCCHPWRCM=CQI, SCCHFER=1;
To set the power margin of the cell to 5% of the baseline value, run the following
command:
SET MACHSPARA: PWRMGN=5;
In versions later than the VX10, as the standard for quality control on the Uu
interface, the default value of the IBLER parameter is 0%.
SET MACHSSPIPARA: CQIADJA=NO_CQI_ADJ;
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4.3.6 Configuring the QoS Mechanism for HSDPA
Run SET USERPRIORITY to map the ARP priority to the SPI. The following
command sets the UE level of each ARP priority.
SET USERPRIORITY: ARP1Priority=Gold, ARP2Priority=Gold, ARP3Priority=Gold,
ARP4Priority=Gold, ARP5Priority=Gold, ARP6Priority=Silver, ARP7Priority=Silver,
ARP8Priority=Silver, ARP9Priority=Silver, ARP10Priority=Silver,
ARP11Priority=Copper, ARP12Priority=Copper, ARP13Priority=Copper,
ARP14Priority=Copper;
Run SET SCHEDULEPRIOMAP to map the UE service type and class to the SPI.
For example,
SET SCHEDULEPRIOMAP: TrafficClass=INTERACTIVE, UserPriority=SILVER, THP=10, SPI=5;
Run SET USERGBR to configure the GBR for BE services. For example,
SET USERGBR: GoldUlGBR=D128, GoldDlGBR=D128, SilverUlGBR=D64, SilverDlGBR=D64,
CopperUlGBR=D32, CopperDlGBR=D32;
In the preceding example, the GBR parameters use the baseline values. The values
can be changed according to the operator requirements.
4.3.7 Configuring the HSDPA License
You need to apply license for 14.4 Mbit/s, 7.2 Mbit/s, and 3.6 Mbit/s services for an
RNC. The RAN 10 supports the peak rate of a single HSDPA UE of 13.976 Mbit/s.
Run the following command to enable the HSDPA 13.976 Mbit/s function:
ACT LICENSE: ISPRIMARYPLMN=YES, FUNCTIONSWITCH3= HSDPA_13_976MBPS-1;
4.3.8 Configuring SRB on HS-DSCH
To set the channel type preferred by SRB, run the following command:
SET FRCCHLTYPEPARA: SrbChlType=HSDPA;
To configure the power control parameters of the F-DPCH, run the following
commands:
SET FDPCHPARA; SET FDPCHRLPWR;
To add typical parameters for SRB on HSDSCH, run the following command:
ADD TYPSRBHSPA: TrchType=TRCH_HSDSCH;
To set the length of the periodical retry timer of SRB over HSPA, run the following
command:
SET COIFTIMER: SrbOverHspaRetryTimerLength=10;
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To set the length of the SRB D2H protective timer, run the following command:
SET HOCOMM: SrbD2HHoTimerLength=5;
Run SET DEFAULTTRMMAP or ADD TRMMAP to set the SRB on an HSDPA path.
Run SET DEFAULTFACTORTABLE or ADD FACTORTABLE to set the SFs for SRB
over HSDPA.
4.3.9 Configuring the HSPA over Iur
Enable the HSDPA or HSUPA function in the adjacent RNC and the HSDPA function
on the Iur interface.
MOD NRNCCELL: NRncId=1, CellId=1, CellCapContainerFdd=HSDSCH_SUPPORT-
1&FDPCH_SUPPORT-1;
MOD NRNC: NRncId=1, IurHsdpaSuppInd=ON;
Note:
Query for the preceding parameters. If the values of the parameters are the baseline
values, you do not need to change the values.
4.4 Configuring Radio Resource Management
4.4.1 Configuring HSDPA Measurement Control
During deployment, use the baseline values of the following parameters. You do not
need to change the values of these parameters.
Configuration related to HSDPA measurement includes configuration of the
measurement switch and measurement period. Run MOD CELLALGOSWITCH to
configure the measurement switch. To measure the GBP and PBR in the cell, run the
following command:
MODCELLALGOSWITCH:NBMCacAlgoSwitch=HSDPA_GBP_MEAS-
1&HSDPA_PBR_MEAS-1;
Run SET LDM to configure the measurement period. To set the basic downlink
measurement period to 200 ms, run the following command:
SET LDM: ChoiceRprtUnitForDlBasicMeas=TEN_MSEC, TenMsecForDlBasicMeas=20;
To set the HSDPA GBP measurement period and HSDPA PBR measurement period
to 1 second, run the following command:
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SET LDM: ChoiceRprtUnitForHsdpaPwrMeas=TEN_MSEC, TenMsecForHsdpaPwrMeas=100;
SET LDM: ChoiceRprtUnitForHsdpaRateMeas=TEN_MSEC, TenMsecForHsdpaPrvidRateMeas=100;
4.4.2 Configuring HSDPA Admission Control
During deployment, use the baseline values of the following parameters. You do not
need to change the values of these parameters.
Run the following command to turn on the HSDPA admission control switch:
ADD CELLALGOSWITCH: NBMCacAlgoSwitch=HSDPA_UU_ADCTRL-1;
Run the following command to turn on the admission switch for Iub bandwidth
congestion:
V110: SET CACALGOSWITCH: CacSwitch=IUB_CONG_CAC_SWITCH-1&NODEB_CREDIT_CAC_SWITCH-1;
V110: ADD CELLALGOSWITCH: NBMCacAlgoSwitch=IUBBAND_ADCTRL-1;
Run the following commands to configure admission control on the CE resources:
SET CACALGOSWITCH: CacSwitch=NODEB_CREDIT_CAC_SWITCH-1;
ADD CELLALGOSWITCH: NBMCacAlgoSwitch=CRD_ADCTRL-1;
4.4.3 Configuring HSDPA Load Control
During deployment, use the baseline values of the following parameters. You do not
need to change the values of these parameters.
When congestion occurs to a cell, the system can take multiple actions to relieve the
congestion. However, few actions are related to the HSDPA service. The following
commands are related to the HSDPA service.
Run SET CORRMALGOSWITCH to turn on the HSDPA state transition switch, and
intra-frequency D2H and inter-frequency D2H algorithm. For example,
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: HspaSwitch=HSDPA_STATE_TRANS_SWITCH-1,
DrdSwitch=INTER_HO_D2H_DRD_SWITCH-1&INTRA_HO_D2H_DRD_SWITCH-1;
Run ADD CELLALGOSWITCH to turn on the switch of the load reshuffling, code
resource reshuffling, or CE resource reshuffling algorithm. For example,
ADD CELLALGOSWITCH: CellId=1, NBMLdcAlgoSwitch=ULLDR-1&DLLDR-1&CELL_CODE_LDR-
1&CELL_CREDIT_LDR-1;
Run ADD CELLLDR to set the parameters of the load reshuffling algorithm in a cell.
You can also set the service types in the cell through traffic division.
ADD CELLINETSTRATEGY: R99CSSepInd=TRUE, R99PSSepInd=TRUE;
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In dual-carrier networking mode, the following commands are involved. For the
configuration, see Chapter 5.
Enable the PUC algorithm to balance the number of UEs in idle state. Run the
following command:
ADD CELLPUC;
Enable the directed retry decision (DRD) algorithm to balance the load among UEs in
access state. Run the following command:
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: DrdSwitch=DRD_SWITCH-1&HSDPA_DRD_SWITCH-1&HSUPA_DRD_SWITCH-1;
SET DRD: ServiceDiffDrdSwitch=OFF, LdbDrdSwitchDCH=ON, LdbDrdSwitchHSDPA=ON,
LdbDRDchoice=UserNumber;
Run the following command to configure the mobility management:
ADD INTERFREQNCELL:BlindHoFlag=TRUE, BlindHOPrio=0;
4.5 Typical HSDPA Configuration in Competition Scenario (14.4 Mbit/s)
10) Set the size of the MAC-PDU to 1296 to improve the MAC-HS transmission
efficiency. Run the following command to select the related service index: LST
TYPRAB: QueryType=QUERY_BY_RABINDEX; Find out the required index
number of downlink subscription. Then, change the MAC-PDU size.MOD TYPRABHSPA: RabIndex=##, TrchType=TRCH_HSDSCH, HsdschMacdPduSize=1296;
11) Disable CQI offset handling on the NodeB.
SET MACHSSPIPARA: CQIADJA=NO_CQI_ADJ;
12) Ensure that the transmission resources are sufficient.
13) In the direct connection environment, enable VP backpressure in the RNC. Then,
change the flow control mode of the NodeB to simple flow control or no flow
control.
14) Activate the license for a single 13.976 Mbit/s UE in the RNC.
15) Enable the NodeB dynamic node. Configure one static code for the HS-PDSCH
in the RNC. Configure two codes for the HS-SCCH.
16) Check the license of the NodeB. The license for 16QAM and 15 HS-PDSCH
codes is required.
Dsp licence;
SET MACHSPARA: 16QAMSW=OPEN;
17) Configure the dynamic power for the HSDPA.
18) Check that the maximum rate of the SGSN, GGSN, and HLR reaches 14.4
Mbit/s.
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Chapter 5 Networking Strategy
5.1 Overview
As the HSDPA technology grows rapidly, it is an inevitable trend to introduce the
HSDPA to commercial networks. Therefore, the dual-carrier technology is introduced.
It becomes a key concern to process the R99 and HSDPA services in the dual-carrier
environment.
Considering the actual operation scenarios and industrial strategies, a clear
prerequisite for introducing the HSDPA is that the HSDPA service does not impact the
existing R99 service. That is, the R99 service is preferred in resource allocation over
the HSDPA service in the following aspects:
19) The R99 and HSDPA services can dynamically share power resources.
However, the R99 is always preferred.
20) The R99 and HSDPA services can dynamically share code resources. However,
the R99 is always preferred.
21) The R99 and HSDPA services fully share transmission resources. However, the
R99 is preferred.
To ensure that the HSDPA service does not fail, configure a GBR for the HSDPA
service to guarantee the minimum power, code, and transmission resources.
For the dual-carrier service that incorporates the HSDPA, an operator needs to
research the existing R99 features. The operator needs to put more efforts in
allocating code, power, and transmission resources between the HSDPA and the
R99, thus reaching the highest efficiency.
5.2 Allocation Strategy in Dual-Carrier Service
The F1 carrier provides continuous R99+HSDPA coverage. In hot-spot areas, an
inter-frequency F2 carrier is added. The F2 carrier supports R99 and HSPA services.
A UE can camp in both carriers. In this scenario, BE services are transmitted over the
HSPA. R99 services mainly include CS services.
Figure 1-1 Dual-carrier application
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5.2.1 Load Balancing Based Solution
This solution does not consider the interference between an R99 UE and an HSPA
UE. It shares the load between two carriers through the PUC algorithm in idle state,
the load balancing based DRD algorithm in access state, and the LDR algorithm in
connection state.
I. Network strategy
F1 carrier configuration
The carrier service priority uses the baseline configuration. No priority is used for
service bearer.
Use the static allocation mode to allocate HSDPA codes in the RNC. Set the number
of HS-PDSCH codes to 5, and the number of HS-SCCH codes to 4. Use the fully
share mode for the HSDPA power in the cell. Turn on the NodeB dynamic code switch
in the NodeB.
The HSUPA cell uses the baseline configuration.
F2 carrier configuration
The carrier service priority uses the baseline configuration. No priority is used for
service bearer.
Use the static allocation mode to allocate HSDPA codes in the RNC. Set the number
of HS-PDSCH codes to 5, and the number of HS-SCCH codes to 4. Use the fully
share mode for the HSDPA power in the cell. Turn on the NodeB dynamic code switch
in the NodeB.
The HSUPA cell uses the baseline configuration.
Table 1-1 Configuration comparison between F1 carrier and F2 carrier
Networking Strategy F1 Carrier F2 Carrier
Carrier camping policy NOT_Barred NOT_Barred
Priority of R99 real-time services 1 1
Priority of R99 non-real-time services 1 1
Priority of HSPA service 1 1
HSDPA code allocation mode Manual Manual
Number of HS-PDSCH codes 5 5
Number of HS-SCCH codes 4 4
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Networking Strategy F1 Carrier F2 Carrier
Offset of overall HSPA power to maximum
cell transmit power (0.1dB)0 0
HSDPA-based code tree reshuffling switch ON ON
NodeB dynamic code switch ON ON
Number of E-AGCH codes 1 1
Number of E-RGCH/E-HICH codes 1 1
Maximum target value of uplink load factor 75 75
Ratio of the power received by non-serving
E-DCH to the total power received by the E-
DCH (%)
0 0
Mobility management configuration
Adjacent cells in a carrier are intra-frequency neighbor cells.
Configure the cells in F1 and F2 carriers as inter-frequency blind handover cells
(BlindHOFlag=TRUE).
Configure F2 cells at the edge of the F2 carrier and adjacent non-hot spot F1 cells as
unidirectional inter-frequency neighbor cells.
When a UE in the F2 carrier roams from a hot-spot area, perform inter-frequency
handover from an F2 cell to a non-hot spot F1 cell.
Figure 1-2 Mobility management
When a UE gets to a hot-spot area, perform intra-frequency handover in F1 cells.
Configure cells in both carriers as inter-system 2G neighbor cells.
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Note:
Such configuration ensures the continuity of R99 and HSPA services when a UE
moves into or out of a hot-spot area. Make sure that the edges of the hot-spot areas
are continuously covered.
II. Load control policies for UEs in idle state in hot-spot areas
Enable the PUC algorithm in hot-spot areas. After a UE enters into a hot-spot area
covered by two carriers, the UE can camp in any carrier. The system updates the cell
reselection parameters of the two carriers through the PUC algorithm according to the
load status of the carriers, and controls the camping behavior of a UE in idle state in
the hot-spot area.
Note:
The load balancing algorithm in access state can balance the number of accessed
UEs among two carriers. The DRD success rate, however, cannot be guaranteed.
The load balancing algorithm in idle state can reduce the attempts of inter-frequency
directed retry by UEs and ensure the access success rate.
III. Load control policies for UEs in access state in hot-spot areas
The load balancing of the downlink DCH and HSDPA in access state are mainly
involved.
Set the admission algorithm for all the cells to power admission. Turn on the DRD
switch for downlink load balancing in F1 and F2 cells. Turn off the DRD switch for the
service hierarchy. Set the DRD load balancing offset of DCH and HSDPA to 5%. Set
the DRD load space threshold for DCH load balancing to 35%. Set the DRD load
space threshold for HSDPA load balancing to 100%. Set the maximum number of
equivalent R99 users at the downlink to 80 and the maximum number of HSDPA
users to 64.
Such configuration can balance the number of HSDPA users in access state among
the two carriers. In addition, the number of DCH equivalent users is balanced when
the DRD load space conditions for DCH load balancing are met.
For the downlink HSDPA service, the DRD load space threshold for HSDPA load
balancing is 100%. Therefore, the DRD algorithm is valid since the time when the first
HSDPA user is connected to the system. To reduce the directed retry attempts
between the two carriers, the DRD load balancing offset for HSDPA users is set to
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5%. In this case, only when the variance of HSDPA users between the two carriers is
greater than 3, that is, 64 x 5%, HSDPA users are allocated to a cell with a small
number of users through the DRD. Thus, HSDPA users in F1 and F2 cells are
balanced.
When the variance of HSDPA users between the two carriers does not exceed 3, no
DRD is performed for the connected HSDPA users. When the variance is greater than
3 due to reasons such as user movement and release of original connected users,
the system allocates new HSDPA users to the carrier with a smaller number of
HSDPA users through the DRD.
Figure 1-3 DRD policy in dual-carrier
For the DCH service, when the load in F1 and F2 cells is not heavy, the load
balancing policy for DCH users in cells is not valid. In this case, the establishment of
an R99 user in the two carriers depends on the camping behavior of users in idle
state. When the number of R99 equivalent users in a carrier exceeds 52, that is, 80 x
65%, the balancing mechanism for R99 users is valid. After that, if the variance of
R99 equivalent users between the two carriers exceeds 4, that is, 80 x 5%, R99 users
connected to the carrier with a larger number of R99 equivalent users are allocated to
the other carrier through the DRD. Thus, R99 users in both carriers are balanced.
See the following figure.
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Figure 1-4 DRD policy in dual-carrier
When the DRD load space thresholds in F1 and F2 cells are not reached, no
balancing on R99 equivalent users is performed. Only when the DRD load space
threshold for DCH load balancing in a cell is reached, and the variance of R99
equivalent users in F1 and F2 cells exceeds the DRD offset for DCH load sharing,
balancing on R99 equivalent users is performed.
Table 1-1 Reference settings for user access policies in F1 and F2 carriers
Access Policy F1 Carrier F2 Carrier
Admission algorithm Power prediction Power prediction
DRD algorithm for service hierarchy OFF OFF
DRD algorithm for load balancing ON ON
Object of DRD load balancing UserNum. UserNum.
DRD offset for DCH service load
balancing5% 5%
DRD offset for HSDPA service load
balancing5% 5%
DRD load space threshold for DCH
service load balancing35% 35%
DRD load space threshold for HSDPA
service load balancing100% 100%
Maximum number of downlink
equivalent users in cell80 80
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Maximum number of HSDPA users in
cell64 64
Note:
The RAN 10 does not perform load balancing on HSUPA users in access state.
However, uplink and downlink HSPA users are carried over the HSPA channels.
Therefore, when the HSDPA users are balanced, the HSUPA users can be balanced
to some extent.
Note:
The traffic structure varies from one network to another. In a network, the user
number may be balanced, but the load is not. In this solution, the user number
balancing is involved. This is because the power resources can be balanced through
the LDR algorithm.
IV. Load control policies for UEs in connection state in hot-spot areas
Turn on the DCCC switches for uplink and downlink R99 BE services and HSUPA
service.
SET CORRMALGOSWITCH: ChSwitch=DCCC_SWITCH-1,
HspaSwitch=HSUPA_DCCC_SWITCH-1;
Enable the LDR algorithm based on CE resources and power resources at the uplink,
and LDR algorithm based on power resources and code resources at the downlink in
both carriers.
SET LDCALGOPARA: LdcSwitch=NODEB_CREDIT_LDR_SWITCH-1;
ADD CELLALGOSWITCH: CellId=1, NBMLdcAlgoSwitch=UL_UU_LDR-
1&DL_UU_LDR-1&CELL_CODE_LDR-1&CELL_CREDIT_LDR-1;
Note:
The users in access state in the two carriers are balanced. Therefore, both carriers
have R99 and HSPA users. In such a traffic model, the first restricted resources at the
uplink of a cell are CE or power resources, and those at the downlink are power or
code resources.
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Configure the LDR actions at the uplink in the cells of the two carriers in sequence as
follows: BE traffic rate reduction, inter-frequency load handover, and CS inter-system
load handover. Configure the LDR actions at the downlink in sequence as follows:
code reshuffling, BE traffic rate reduction, inter-frequency load handover, and CS
inter-system load handover.
To set the LDR actions, make sure that the HSPA users are preferred during action
execution when the CN priority is the same.
SET USERPRIORITY: PriorityReference=ARP, CarrierTypePriorInd=DCH;
To avoid frequent changes in inter-frequency load handover, set the threshold of load
space for uplink and downlink inter-frequency load handover in the cell to 20%. Set
the upper limit of uplink and downlink inter-frequency load handover bandwidth to 200
Kbit/s to avoid overlarge fluctuations to the load in the destination cell after inter-
frequency load handover.
Enable inter-frequency load handover triggered by code resource congestion.
Table 1-2 Reference settings for LDR policies in F1 and F2 carriers
LDR SettingsF1/F2 Carrier
Uplink Downlink
Triggered by power resource ON ON
Triggered by code resource - ON
Triggered by CE resource ON OFF
LDR action 1BE traffic rate
reductionCode reshuffling
LDR action 2Inter-frequency
load handover
Inter-frequency
load handover
LDR action 3CS inter-system
load handover
BE traffic rate
reduction
LDR action 4 -CS inter-system
load handover
Cell load space threshold for inter-
frequency load handover20% 20%
Maximum bandwidth for inter-frequency
load handover user200000 200000
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LDR SettingsF1/F2 Carrier
Uplink Downlink
Number of users with BE traffic rate
reduction1 1
Number of users in CS inter-system load
handover3 3
Inter-frequency load handover on code
resource congestion- ON
Threshold for variance of occupied code
resources in inter-frequency load
handover
- 13%
Threshold of SFs reserved for uplink LDR
creditSF8 -
Load control switch for gold users OFF
Reference comprehensive priority ARP
Reference bearer priority DCH
Note:
In the R99+HSPA dual-carrier scenario, BE services are transmitted over the HSPA.
R99 services mainly include CS services. Therefore, the most efficient action to
release the uplink LDR status is to reduce the HSUPA BE traffic service. The most
efficient action to release the downlink LDR status is to perform inter-frequency load
handover of R99 CS services.
Chapter 6 Troubleshooting
When a problem occurs after the HSDPA is enabled, follow the steps listed in the
HSDPA Check List to perform self check. If the problem persists, locate the problem
by referring to the UMTS Maintenance Department HSDPA Throughput
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Troubleshooting Guide – Primary. If the problem persists, collect the logs according to
the HSDPA Information Collection Guide and submit them to the HQ for analysis.
6.1 Services Cannot Be Connected to HSDPA Channels
22) Check the HSDPA category of the UE.
23) Check that the subscription rate of the SIM card is correct.
24) Check that the initial rate reaches the access threshold for HSDPA channels.
25) Run DSP CELL on the RNC to check that the HSDPA of the related cell is
available.
6.2 Download Rate is 0 after HSDPA is Enabled
Run DSP AAL2PATH or DSP IPPATH to check that the transmission on the Iub
interface is normal. If the Iub interface uses the IP transmission mode, ping the peer
IP address on the LMT.
6.3 HDSPA Service Download Rate is Low
26) Check that the UE supports downloading at high rate.
27) Check the transmission configuration for lack of bandwidth.
28) Check that the traffic indexes used by the paths of the RNC and NodeB are
correct.
29) Check that the path configuration on the RNC is the same as that on the NodeB.
If the RCR on the NodeB is larger than the sending bandwidth on the RNC,
packets are discarded due to the low rate.
Recommended configuration: NodeB’s RCR=RNC’ s SCR, RNC’ s SCR=PCR-1
30) Check that the TRM mapping is correct.
Run LST TRMMAP to check that the service mapping is normal.
For example, during interactive HSDPA services, set TRFTYPE to HSDPA_NRT.
If the transmission rate is significantly improved after the NodeB uses simple flow
control, the problem may caused by transmission issues on the Iub interface, such as
packet loss and jitter.
6.4 Rate of 7.2 Mbit/s High-Rate Service is Low
During a test in a certain office, the download rate of the 7.2 Mbit/s HSDPA was low.
Check whether the download service requires a single thread or multiple threads. For
a single-thread service, the possible causes are as follows:
Subscription rate
Size of TCP receiving window on the PC side (modifiable through a DRTCP tool)
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Rate restriction at server
Packet loss rate at TCP layer
Sequential or non-sequential (the non-sequential mode is favorable for the
uplink)
Rate restriction on Iu interface (check that the bandwidth at the user plane on the
Iu interface is sufficient)
Packet loss rate on Iub interface
Rate restriction on Iub interface (check that the bandwidth is sufficient)
Block error rate on Uu interface (the radio environment quality)
Gain due to the RTT delay of the uplink 384 Kbit/s lower than that of the initial 64
Kbit/s rate
CQI
The possible causes for multi-thread services are as follows:
Iub interface configuration issues (see the preceding configuration reference)
Note:
For an IP networking environment, troubleshoot all the ports. Make sure that all the
ports, including those on the CN and switches, work in full-duplex mode.
Rate restriction on the Iu interface
Poor radio environment quality (check Ec/N0 through the LMT or other tools)
Lack of data sources due to packet loss in the CN data source
The most possible cause is the low rate at the application layer due to incorrect
configuration and terminal drive of the laptop.
The recommended configuration of a laptop is as follows: 1 Gb memory, high-
performance CPU, and E270 terminal with the latest drive release. In such
configuration, packet loss does not occur to the CN. The common problem is that the
rate is limited to 4 Mbit/s. The application layer performance is important, especially
for high-rate applications.
6.5 HSDPA Service Rate Remains at 2 Mbit/s
The test on a certain office showed that the rate of the HSDPA service remained at 2
Mbit/s. The CQI on the Uu interface was good. The data sources were sufficient.
However, few resources were allocated. It means that the NodeB received little data.
This was similar to the rate restriction in the previous RNC. This problem was caused
by the transmission configuration on the Iub interface. The object of flow control on
the HSDPA bandwidth was the RCR of the NodeB. The RCR was 2 Mbit/s. As a
result, the rate of the HSDPA service was 2 Mbit/s.
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Chapter 7 Appendix
7.1 RNC-related MML commands
Table 1-1 RNC-Related MML Commands
MML Command Function
ADD NODEB To set the protocol version of a NodeB
ADD CELLHSDPA To set the basic HSDPA resources of a cell
ACT CELLHSDPA To enable the HSDPA function of a cell
DEA CELLHSDPA To disable the HSDPA function of a cell
ADD CELLCACTo set the parameters of the HSDPA admission control
algorithm
SET
CORRMALGOSWITCHTo set the HSDPA algorithm switch
SET FRCTo set the parameters of the basic HSDPA configuration
algorithm
SET
SCHEDULEPRIOMAPTo set the service scheduling priority
ADD TYPRABBASIC/
MOD TYPRABTo add or change a typical service index
ADD
TYPRABRLC/MOD
TYPRABRLC
To add or change RLC parameters of a typical RAB.
ADD
TYPRABOLPC/MOD
TYPRABOLPC
To add or change the OLPC parameter configuration of
the typical RAB.
ADD
TYPRABHSPA /MOD
TYPRABHSPA
To add or modify the HSPA information about a typical
RAB.
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MML Command Function
LST TYPRAB To list the information about the typical RAB parameters.
SET HSDPCCH
To set the RNC-oriented HS-DPCCH power offset. The
RNC changes the HS-DPCCH power offset based on the
actual initial SIR target of the UL DPCCH. This ensures
that the power requirement on the HS-DPCCH changes
little when the initial SIR target of the UL DPCCH differs.
ADD
CELLHSDPCCH/MOD
CELLHSDPCCH
To add a set of HS-DPCCH power offset values
corresponding to the initial SIR target that is specified
based on the UL DPCCH. The RNC changes the HS-
DPCCH power offset based on the actual initial SIR
target of the UL DPCCH. This ensures that the power
requirement on the HS-DPCCH changes little when the
initial SIR target of the UL DPCCH differs.
SET HOCOMM To set the parameters related to the HSDPA handover.
ADD AAL2PATH
To set the AAL path to bear the user plane channel
during ATM transmission and set the path type to HSPA
for the HSDPA service.
ADD IPPATH To add an IP path of the HSPA type
ADD IPOAPVC To set the IPoA PVC required for IP transmission.
ADD ATMTRF
To set the ATM traffic records. These records are public
resources and can be used by IPoA PVC, AAL2 path,
SAAL, and CMB PVC.
7.2 NodeB Related MML Commands
Table 1-2 MML commands related to the NodeB
MML Command Function
ADD AAL2PATH To set the AAL2 path related to the HSDPA service
ADD IPPATH To set the IP path related to the HSDPA service
SET MACHSPARATo set the related algorithms and functions of the
HSDPA
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SET
HSDPAFLOWCTRLPARATo set the flow control switch of the HSDPA
SET MACHSSPIPARATo change the values of scheduling parameters of the
Mac-hs SPI
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