Rapid Pro to Typing System Concepts

8/3/2019 Rapid Pro to Typing System Concepts

1/54

020 7240 3388

www.system-concepts.com

Rapid

prototypesWhe

nto

use&how

tochoose


2/54

2www.system-concepts.com

What is a prototype?

A model of something to be further developed.

An original, full-scale, and usually working model of a newproduct or new version of an existing product.

A model suitable for use in complete evaluation of form,design, performance, and material processing.


3/54


4/54


1. The case for rapid

prototyping


5/54


The case for rapid prototypes

Evaluate

Communicate

Inspire a creative session

Prototype as part of the creative process

With real users

Within a design team

Sell a design idea

Request design requirements

Prove a concept

You can use prototypes to

Usability and usefulness

Be creative


6/54


The case for rapid prototypingDuring the creative process, you may want to

Play with ideas

See how far you can expand the design space

Dont want to close off design options too early

Dont want to invest too much too early

Visualise solutions


7/54


The case for rapid prototypingWhy rapid prototypes can be good for creativity

Not overly detailed

Easy to create

Flexible

Easily modifiable

Cheap & throw-away


8/54


The case for rapid prototypingDuring evaluation, you may want to.

Evaluate early

Iteratively test, design and test again (ISO 13407)

Test a number of alternative solutions

Look at the concept and role of the product without

distracting details Isolate key aspects of the look-and-feel


9/54


The case for rapid prototypingWhy rapid prototypes are good for evaluation

Can be built early in development

Can explore many alternative designs

Can be easily modified on the fly

Avoid the test getting tied into a big build process


10/54


The case for rapid prototyping

To sell a design idea

To request design requirements

You may want to communicate a design

To prove a concept


11/54



They quickly and clearly convey a message

Why rapid prototypes are good for communication

You dont need to have to explain too much in words

Functions and outcomes are often more important thaninteractivity

You dont want to invest too much time and effort


12/54



Generally requires a facilitator for interactivity

Difficult to provide full interactivity and functional scope

However, there are downsides of rapid prototypes

So therefore it is important to use them correctly and at

the right time in a development cycle.


13/54


2. What should I consider

when rapid prototyping?


14/54


On what aspects of the design will it focus?The role of the design

How will the function/feature will be used and will it beuseful?

Prototypes focusing mainly on this aspect:

Should not contain too much visual detail

Do not need to be particularly interactive or responsive

Should show how the design relates to a wider context

Do not need technical accuracy


15/54


On what aspects of the design will it focus?The role of the design

Storyboards are a good way to explore the role of a function,without necessarily specifying detail.

User visits the site

and sends the link

to his phone.

He checks the phone

before embarking on

his journey.

During the journey

his checks the site

again


16/54


On what aspects of the design will it focus?The look-and-feel of the design

What the user will see, hear, touch and interact with


Should feature suitable detail (appropriate to design questions)

Should be suitably responsive (interactive)

Could focus on narrow elements of the design

Do not need to be technically accurate


17/54


On what aspects of the design will it focus?The look-and-feel of the design: Example

Using a sequence of staticscreens, we evaluated

whether users can

correctly locate links, andunderstand iconography.

Following testing, we

decided to reorganise some

of the navigation


18/54


On what aspects of the design will it focus?The look-and-feel of the design: Example

Also, by presenting it ascrollable view (in

Word), we received

good feedback aboutfunctions that lie

below the fold.

We have since reconsidered

the layout on some pages


19/54


On what aspects of the design will it focus?The implementation of the design

Exploration of technical or organisational feasibility of adesign


Should be technically accurate

Do not need to be visually precise

Can have a wide or narrow focus, depending upon the feature beingexamined


20/54


On what aspects of the design will it focus?3 dimensions of prototypes

Implementation

Look & feelRole

Integration

Taken from a model by

Houde & Hill (1997)

Any prototype canbe described within

this space


21/54


How much of the user experience will it cover?

The end-to-end user experience

Component task(s)

A single action

A full range of functions or limited functions


22/54


How much of the user experience will it cover?Trade-off between range and depth of functions

Vertical

prototype

Horizontal prototype

Depth of

functionality

Range of features/options covered

Full product/

system


23/54


Who are the prototypes audience?

Representative end-users

Design team members

Other stakeholders

The make-up of the audience will affect the level of precision,

interactivity and form (e.g. paper or online) of the prototypes

you use.


24/54


Does it build on an existing function/feature?

New function/feature

Extension of existing function/feature

Enhancement of existing function/feature


25/54


What resources are available?

Low resource situation often requires rapid prototyping

Bear in mind that high investment in a prototype can leadto resistance to throwing away the design after use

Available resources can influence what types of prototype can

be built.


26/54


Are there cultural/organisational preferences?

Those commissioning the prototype may haveexpectations or preferences regarding the form of theprototype

For example, the client company may be expecting a highlyprecise (i.e. detailed) prototype

Need to be sensitive to preferences and manageexpectations


27/54


Creating the prototype

Characteristics of the end-user

Social, technical and environmental situation in which theuser will access the product or service

Users goals when using the product or service

Determine the relevant contextual aspects


28/54


Creating the prototype

Identify the key users tasks associated with the design

Capture the typical usage scenario(s)

Usage scenarios provide important context for the prototype

They are also useful in explaining the prototype to the audience

Determine the key tasks and usage scenarios

Ensure resources are focused upon the key tasks


29/54


Creating the content

What information will the user need to view or change?

What input will the user need to enter?

What feedbackwill the user need from the system?

What perspectives or formats will be of value to

users?

Questions to ask about the prototype content


30/54


3. What techniques are there

for rapid prototyping?


31/54


Techniques for rapid prototyping

Interactivity

Precision

Rapid prototypes can vary by:


32/54


Techniques for rapid prototypingLow interactivity / Low precision

Examples:

Creative workshops

Early stages of development

Exploring the role of the product and some look-and-feel

Comparing alternative structures and layouts

Paper sketches Wireframes

Storyboards

Physical prototypes with limited interactivity

Good for:


33/54


Techniques for rapid prototypingWireframes

Although you may need to

vary the detail accordingto the audience

Not too much detail so

you dont constrain thedesign process


34/54


Techniques for rapid prototypingLow precision physical prototyping

Evaluating theeffect of the

height of

printer standon access to

the roll at the

back.

We placed the user

on varying numbers

of blocks to

simulate varying

heights of a printer


35/54


Techniques for rapid prototypingLow precision physical prototyping

During the design of a physical workspace, we built woodenblocks and mounted PC screens on them.

We could see theirresponse to different

configurations, and adjust

them on the fly in response

to users feedback


36/54



Low interactivity / High precision

Good for: Selling design concepts

Evaluating visual design

Exploring some look-and-feel

Examples:

Static screenshots

Automatically animated presentations

Scale drawings with electronic mannequins

Video presentations


37/54



Example of static screenshots

Detailed screendesigns sold new

functions to key

stakeholders.

This prototype was thrown away after use. The actualdesign ended up featuring a different look & feel.


38/54



Example of static screenshots

Detailed screen designs can be easily mocked-up for focusgroup discussions.

It helped participants to imaginethe proposed features


39/54



Example of scale drawings

Mannequin Pro allowed us toexperiment with designs


40/54



Example of scale drawings

..and allowed us to quickly

identify if aspects of the

design are reachable andwithin lines of sight.


41/54



High interactivity / Low precision

Good for:

Exploring some look-and-feel

Evaluating navigational paths and structures

Examples:

Paper prototypes presented in a Wizard-of-Oz style

Early stages of development


42/54



Examples of paper prototypes: Wizard of oz

The test facilitatorsimulates a menu by

placing paper menu

displays onto theprinter control panel in

response to user

actions Can prepare all menu

options to imitate

menu interactivity


43/54



High interactivity / High precision

Good for: Later stages of development

Usability testing and assessing criteria (e.g. completion rates)

Evaluating the subtleties of navigation and visual design

Examples: Hyperlinked screenshots

HTML pages with sets of dummy data

User comparisons with existing products


44/54



Example of hyperlinked screenshots

Quickly create static screens Then add html controls and create links


45/54


4. Example of paper

prototype development


46/54


Example of building a prototype

A client is planning to develop a transport information

service on interactive Digital TV (iDTV)

The functions comprise: Departures and arrivals information for trains and buses

Live travel information

We want to create an initial design and test it. We are

particularly concerned with the navigational flow

Situation


47/54



Focus on the look-and-feel of the service (primarilynavigation) and some aspects of its role

Will be testing with representative end-users

The same functions are currently being delivered by a

mobile service

Fairly low resources and limited by time

Not limited by cultural preferences for the style of prototype

Situation


48/54



User profile:

Context of use

25-45

Access digital TV at least once per month

Own a car and drive daily

Has children living with them

Access during the day or evening

Travel patterns tend to centre around transporting children

Has internet and uses it mainly for email


49/54



Find out when a train leaves from a local station

Task(s)

Find out if there is traffic in the local area

Sandra is about to take her son to football training this

morning at 11am. There are often incidents on the main road

she takes so she accesses the iDTV site in order to find out if

there are any incidents that will affect her journey.


50/54



Identify the user actions and system responses

User System Open initial page

Choose to view news in thelocal area

Select to see road incidents

Offer choice of services

Offer choice of national or

local news

Offer choice of types ofincidents

Choose to view travel news

Display travel incidents


51/54



Identify the content

Train departure times

Regional filters

National versus local filters

Road incidents

Content includes

Bus departure times


52/54



Main menu

Local travel news

National travel news

Local departures

Local arrivals

National departures

National arrivals

NavigationTerminology Layout


53/54


5. And to summarize


54/54


When rapid prototyping, determine

Purpose of the prototype

Aspects of the design

The scope of the user experience

Audience of the prototype

Existing function/feature?

Resources available

Cultural preferences

Date post:	06-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	rupesh-dewangan
View:	228 times
Download:	0 times

Rapid Pro to Typing System Concepts

Documents