1

RAPID: Working Together to enhance the quality of life of a people with great traditions

2

Urbanization in Nigeria

What Can We Do?

Population and Development: The Crucial Links

Benin Population Dynamics

3

Urbanization in Nigeria

4

Nigeria is experiencing one of the fastest rates of urbanization in the world, with growth rates in urban areas almost double those in rural areas.

Photo by Munir Squires

19501960

19701980

19902000

20102020

20300

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

200,000

Popu

latio

n (in

mill

ions

)

5World Population Prospects 2009

Nigeria Urban/Rural PopulationBy 2010, Nigeria became more urban than rural

Urban Population

Rural Population

6

Focusing on the urban population is key to Nigeria meeting its overall economic and development goals.

Nigeria will not be able to meet the MDGs or Vision 2020 without addressing the growing urban population.

Photo by Munir Squires

7

Providing adequate shelter for all Poverty reduction and economic empowerment strategies Ensuring environmental sustainability Good governance and development

“The Urbanization process is irreversible in Nigeria and must therefore be turned into opportunities for growth”Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Nigeria

2005 presentation

Presentation by Permanent Secretary, Federal Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Nigeria 2005

Nigeria has a Vision for Urban DevelopmentThe National Urban Development Policy Calls for:

8

A key factor is the rapid population growth in cities which makes it impossible for the government to:- Maintain and expand infrastructure- Provide adequate, high quality social services- Create an environment that is conducive to economic development

Photo by Munir Squires

However, the policy is not being implemented, resulting in a poor quality of life for city residents, especially

among the urban poor.

9

Photo by Munir Squires

NURHI is a Project that is Supporting Quality Family planning in 6 Nigerian Cities: Ilorin Abuja FCT Ibadan Kaduna Zaria Benin City

NURHI aims to increase family planning by20 percentage points in each city by providing quality services that couples

can access.

10

Benin City’s Population Dynamics

11

Oredo LGA

Egor LGA

Ikpoba Okha LGA

Photo by Munir Squires

NURHI Focuses on 3 Urban Areas

12

1.4 million total population in 3 LGAs

More than 200 maternal deaths per year

23% of married women use a modern method of family planning

On average, each woman has more than 3 children

Current Situation

0–45–9

10–1415–1920–2425–2930–3435–3940–4445–4950–5455–5960–6465–5970–7475–79

80+

8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8

Percent

Age

in Y

ears

• Benin City has a young population

• There are more people in the non-working ages (younger than 15 and over 65) than the working ages

Source:

Benin City Population Structure2011 Population of Benin City, projected using the 2006 census

13

FemaleMale

35% of population is under age 15

Male

14

Population and Development

15

A much larger working age population compared to the population in young dependent ages was a key factor in the Asian development miracle.

Population and Economic Development are Linked

As families become smaller, dependency significantly declined Greater emphasis on population quality than quantity meant increased

investments by the state More and better educational opportunities emerged Greater productivity Investment in modern agriculture

16

Another key component to the success of the Asian tigers was investment in family planning.

This period of investment led to improved quality of life and escalated economic development

17

Only 1 in 5 married women want a child in the next 2 years

Almost 20% of married women do not want any additional children

More than half of married women say it would be a “big problem” if they were to become pregnant in the next few weeks

NURHI/MLE Baseline Report 2010

Couples in Benin City want to Plan their Births

Scenario 2: Investment in Family Planning: What will happen if there is an investment in family planning and unmet need is met?

Benin City has an opportunity to improve the quality of life of its population

2 Potential Futures:

Scenario 1: Maintain Current Trends: What if things continued as they are now?

19

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

1,305,734

2,947,001

2,619,628

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple

Population Projection ScenariosProjected Total Populations in 3 Benin City LGAs

Benin NURHI Projection

Benin Base Projection

Health Education InfrastructurePhoto by Bonnie NURHI Photo by Bonnie NURHI

Photo by Bonnie NURHIPhoto by The Gates Foundation

21

“All stakeholders need to appreciate the linkages of population factors with broader development

issues like housing, education, health, agriculture, energy, environment, gender concerns, food security and the security of life and liberty.

Nigeria National Policy on Population for Sustainable Development : January 2004

22

Health

23

Family Planning Reduces Risky Births among women in the following categories: Too young: women who give birth before age 18

Too old: women who give birth after age 35

Too many: more than 5 births

Too close: births spaced less than 24 months

24

Year Benin City base Projection

Benin City NURHI Projection

2011 62 62

2015 61 51

2035 55 43

Risky BirthsPercentage of births with any risk factor

25

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350

200

400

600

Mat

erna

l Dea

ths

510

Maternal Deaths Averted

2,093 Maternal Deaths Averted 2011–2035

363Benin City NURHI Projection

Benin City Base Projection

139

Mat

erna

l D

eath

s Av

erte

d

2011

–201

5

26

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

Und

er 5

Dea

ths A

vert

ed

Under 5 Deaths Averted

6,775

55,346 Under 5 Averted 2011–2035

4,873

Benin City NURHI Projection

Benin City Base Projection

3,13

3 U

nder

5

Dea

ths

Aver

ted

20

11–2

015

27

Year Benin City base Projection

Benin City NURHI Projection

2011 72 72

2015 70 47

2035 55 28

Infant Mortality RatePercentage of births with any risk factor

Infant Deaths Averted:2,031 between 2011-201527,038 between 2011-2035

28

Reduces the number of maternal, infant, and child deaths

Reduces the strain on health staff and infrastructure

Free up resources that can be invested in strategies to improve quality and access to essential health services

Increases life expectancy

Health Benefits of Investing in Family Planning

29

Education

30

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

175,097

345,960

253,663

Num

ber o

f Sch

ool A

ged

Child

ren

(tho

usan

ds)

Primary School Aged ChildrenChildren aged 6–11 years old

Benin City NURHI Projection

Benin City Base Projection

31

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

5,837

11,532

8,455

Num

ber o

f Prim

ary

Teac

hers

Teacher/Student Ratio of 30:1

Primary Teachers Required

Ilorin NURHI Projection

Ilorin Base Projection

32

Current education policy in Nigeria

goes beyond universal primary

education and has set a target of

universal basic education.

33

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

290,761

570,900

430,734

Num

ber o

f Sch

ool A

ged

Child

ren

(tho

usan

ds)

Basic Education Aged ChildrenPrimary and Junior Secondary (Ages 6–15)

Benin City NURHI Projection

Benin City Base Projection

34

Reduces the strain on teachers and infrastructure

Assists in meeting the goal of universal basic education

Free up resources that can be invested in strategies to improve the quality of education and prepare the next generation to participate in the global economy

Education Benefits of Investing in Family Planning

35

Infrastructure

36

2011 2015 2020 2025 2030 20350

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

334,804

755641.282051282

671,699

Num

ber o

f Hou

ses R

equi

red

Average Household Size from MLE Baseline 2011

Housing RequirementsAverage household size of 3.9 people

Benin City NURHI Projection

Benin City Base Projection

37

Reduces the strain on housing requirements

Reduces the amount of trash that is generated and help improve the sanitary condition of the city

Likely lower the percentage of people living in slums or other forms of temporary housing

Infrastructure Benefits of Investing in Family Planning

Reduces the strain on roads, water and electricity.

38

What Can We Do?

39

Provide women and men access to the high

quality family planning services they

desire

Support them in making their own family planning

decisions

40

Policy ResponseImproving access and utilization of high quality family planning services will:

Thereby support Benin City in reaching the MDGs and becoming a flourishing and prosperous city.

Enable couples to space their children …

Reducing the number of maternal and child deaths …

41

To create a budget line for family planning in the Edo state budget with the sum of 5 million naira

To create a multi sectoral/multi organizational approach to speaking out in support of family planning

Photo by Munir Squires

What Needs to be Done Right Now?

42

“Family Planning is something I support because we need to space our children, support safe motherhood and we need to take care of our children.”

From thisdaylive.com 18th November 2011

Nigeria’s Minister of HealthNovember 2011