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Rationale
Success of any tree planting activity
depends mainly on:
• Availability of seeds
• Availability of other planting materials
• When (harvest time)
where (seed sources, seed trees location)
how much ( quantity)
• Assures the quantity, quality and species
for seedling production
Forest Tree Seed Calendar• Phenological information
• Fruit/seed characteristics
• Flowering and fruiting
• Seed collection/ location
• Seed processing
• Storage
• Seed count
• Germination
• Seed type
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SEED
vFertilized ovule
va dispersal unit capable to survive and
establish a new plant/regenerate in a
new
generation
MAP ABCD FOUNDATIONØ2M Puno sa KK ( Kalikasan,
Kaunlaran) Project 2008 (nationwide)ØPlantingØNurturing about 2M trees
ØTAG LINE “ PLANT AND NURTURE A TREE TODAY, GROW A SUSTAINABLE NATION TOMORROW”
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Types of Stands• Natural Stands
• Not established by humans• Usually indigenous species• Natural regeneration
• Plantations• Planted• Production forests• Seed production areas• Seed sources
Seed Source• A number of single trees• A natural stand• Plantation• Seed Production area• Seed Orchard
Indigenous – native to a specific area/region
Exotic – introduced from another country
or geographic region outside from its
natural range
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• Phenology – study of the growth and
development on the flowering / fruiting
of plants in relation to climatic / site
factors.
Seed Types• Orthodox qCan be dried at low moisture contentqCan be stored at low temperature for a long period
of time• Recalcitrant qHigh moisture contentq Cannot be dried in low moisture contentq Cannot be stored for a long time
• Intermediateq Can survive with fairly low moisture contentq Storage is 3 -8 months only
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Banaba(Lagerstroemia speciosa)
Seed count: 14,695/100g
Seed type: intermediate
Pre treatment: none
Gmelina/Yemane (Gmelina arborea)
Seed count: 1,995/kg
Seed type: Orthodox
Seed Collection: Nationwide
May-July
Pre treatment: none
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Laneteng gubat (Kibatalia gitingensis)
Seed count: 33,000/kg
Seed type: Intermediate
Pre treatment: none
Mahogany(Sweitenia macrophyllya)
Seed count: Medium-Sized – 2,264/kg
Small-sized – 2,933/kg
Seed type: Orthodox
Seed Collection: Nationwide
Aug- Feb
Pre treatment: none
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Kupang (Parkia roxburghii)
Seed count: 1,258/kg
Seed type: Orthodox
Pre treatment: Nicking
Ipil( Intsia bijuga)
Seed count: 1,995/kg
Seed type: Orthodox
Pre treatment: Nicking
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Kalantas(Toona kalantas )
Seed count: Not applicable
Seed type: Intermediate
Pre treatment: none
Lingo lingo (Vitex turczaninowii)
Seed count: 23,500/kg
Seed type: Orthodox
Pre treatment: none
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Narra (Pterocarpus indicus)
Seed count: 1,794/kg
Seed type: Orthodox
Seed Collection: Nationwide
July -Nov
Pre treatment: Cut the edge of
samara and soak the pod
overnight in tap water.
Benguet pine (Pinus kesiya)
Seed count: 52,934/kg
Seed type: Orthodox
Pre treatment: none
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Agoho (Casuarina equisetifolia)
Seed count: 44,260/100g
Seed type: Orthodox
Pre treatment: none
Bitaog (Callophyllum inophyllum)
Seed count: 100-210/kg
Seed type:Intermediate
Pre treatment: none
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Lumbang (Aleurites moluccana)
Seed count: 116/kg
Seed type: Orthodox
Pre treatment: Cracking of the seed coat
Mountain agoho (Casuarina rumphiana)
Seed count: 40,000/100g
Seed type: Orthodox
Pre treatment: none
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Apitong(Dipterocarpus grandiflorus)
Seed count: 63/kg (large size);93/kg (medium size)
Seed type: Recalcitrant
Pre treatment: Removal of wings
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SEED PRE TREATMENT
Pre treatment
Orthodox seeds
hot water treatment
acid scarification
burning
Recalcitrant seeds
no pretreatment is required
removal of wings
STORAGE METHODS
• Verify storage category.
•Recalcitrant
•Orthodox
• Adjust moisture content and temperature to the safest possible for the longest
storage period.
• Keep orthodox seeds in sealed containers to avoid regaining of moisture
• Keep seed as cool as possible within physiological safe limit.
• Undertake pest and disease control .– use the safest possible method
• Avoid exposing seed to high temperature and humidity.
• Avoid keeping seedlots with a very low viability.
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Indications of Fungal Attack
• Moldy cover
• Discoloration
• Musty or sour odor
• Caking
• Temperature increase
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Effects of Fungal Attack
• reduced germination
• reduced vigour
• reduced storability
• chemical and nutritional changes
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Cycle of Seed Deterioration and Fungal Attack
infection
reduced resistance to pest and disease
damage to seed cellular structure
Seed ageingSeed drying/ deterioration