Rau's IAS syllabus

u RAU’S IAS—UPSC Syllabus for Civil Services Exam u

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CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATIONSection - I

Plan of ExamThe Civil Services Examination comprises two successive stages :(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examinations (Objective Type) for the selection

of candidates for Main Examination; and(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview) for the selection of

candidates for the various services and posts.The Preliminary Examination will consist of two papers of Objective type (multiplechoice questions) and carry a maximum of 450 marks [ General Studies - 150 marksand any one optional subject (out of 23 subjects) – 300 marks] in the subjectsmentioned in Section II. There are four alternatives for the answer to every question.For each question for which a wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted as penalty. Thisexamination is meant to serve as a screening test only; the marks obtained in thePreliminary Examination by the candidates who are declared qualified for admissionto the Main Examination will not be counted for determining their final order of merit.The number of candidates to be admitted to the Main Examination will be abouttwelve to thirteen times the total approximate number of vacancies to be filled in theyear in the various Services and Posts. Only those candidates who are declared bythe Commission to have qualified in the Preliminary Examination in a year will beeligible for admission to the Main Examination of that year provided they are otherwiseeligible for admission to the Main Examination.The Main Examination will consist of a written examination and an interview test.The written examination will consist of 9 papers of conventional essay type in thesubjects mentioned in Section II.Candidates who obtain such minimum qualifying marks in the written part of the MainExamination as may be fixed by the Commission at their discretion, shall be summonedby them for an Interview for a Personality Test. However, the papers on IndianLanguages and English will be of qualifying nature. The marks obtained in thesepapers will not be counted for ranking. The number of candidates to be summoned forinterview will be about twice the number of vacancies to be filled. The interview willcarry 300 marks (with no minimum qualifying marks).Marks thus obtained by the candidates in the Main Examination (written part as wellas interview) would determine their final ranking. Candidates will be allotted to thevarious Services keeping in view their ranks in the examination and the preferencesexpressed by them for the various Services and posts.1. Services / Posts :

Services/posts to which recruitment is to be made through the Examinationare :

i) Indian Administrative Service.


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ii) Indian Foreign Service.iii) Indian Police Service.iv) Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group ‘A’.v) Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group ‘A’.vi) Indian Customs and Central Excise Services Group ‘A’vii) Indian Defence Accounts Service, Group ‘A’.viii) Indian Revenue Service, Group ‘A’.ix) Indian Ordnance Factories Service, Group ‘A’ (Assistant Works Manager,

Non-technical)x) Indian Postal Service, Group ‘A’.xi) Indian Civil Accounts Service, Group ‘A’.xii) Indian Railway Traffic Service, Group ‘A’.xiii) Indian Railway Accounts Service, Group ‘A’.xiv) Indian Railway Personnel Service, Group ‘A’.xv) Post of Assistant Security Officer, Group ‘A’ in Railway Protection Force.xvi) Indian Defence Estates Service, Group ‘A’.xvii) Indian Information Service (Junior Grade), Group ‘A’.xviii) Indian Trade Service, Group “A” (Grade-III)xix) Armed Forces Headquarters Civil Service, Group ‘B’ (Section Officer’s Grade)xx) Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra

& Nagar Haveli Civil Service, Group ‘B’.xxi) Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Daman & Diu and Dadra

& Nagar Haveli Police Service, Group ‘B’.Eligibility Conditions :Nationality(1) For the Indian Administrative Service and the Indian Police Service, a

candidate must be a citizen of India.(2) For other services, a candidate must be either :—

(a) A citizen of India, or(b) a subject of Nepal, or(c) a subject of Bhutan, or(d) a Tibetan refugee who came over to India before 1st January, 1962

with the intention of permanently settling in India. or(e) a person of Indian origin who has migrated from Pakistan, Burma,

Srilanka, East African countries of Kenya, Uganda, the UnitedRepublic of Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, Zaire, Ethiopia and Vietnamwith the intention of permanently settling in India.

Provided that a candidate belonging to categories (b), (c), (d) and (e) shall be aperson in whose favour a certificate of eligibility has been issued by the Governmentof India.


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Provided further that candidates belonging to categories (b), (c) and (d) above will notbe eligible for appointment to the Indian Foreign Service.A candidate in whose case a certificate of eligibility is necessary, may be admitted tothe examination but the offer of appointment may be given only after the necessaryeligibility certificate has been issued to him by the Government of India.Age Limits(a) A candidate must have attained the age of 21 years and must not have

attained the age of 30 years on 1st August of the year in which he/she isappearing for the Preliminary Examination (e.g., a candidate appearing forthe preliminary examination of the year 2009 should be between 21-30 yearsof age as on 01st, August 2009) i.e. he/she must have been born not earlierthan 02nd Augustn 1979 and not later than 01st, August, 1988.

(b) The upper age limit prescribed above will be relaxable:(i) upto a maximum of five years if a candidate belongs to a Scheduled

Caste (SC) or a Scheduled Tribe (ST).(ii) upto a maximum of three years in the case of candidates belonging

to Other Backward Classes who are eligible to avail of reservationapplicable to such candidates.

(iii) upto a maximum of five years if a candidate had ordinarily beendomiciled in the State of Jammu & Kashmir during the period fromthe 1st January, 1980 to the 31st day of December, 1989.

(iv) upto a maximum of three years in the case of Defence Servicespersonnel disabled in operations during hostilities with any foreigncountry or in a disturbed area and released as a consequence thereof:

(v) upto a maximum of five years in the case of ex-servicemen includingCommissioned Officers and ECOs/SSCOs who have rendered atleast five years Military Service as on 1st August, 2008 and havebeen released (i) on completion of assignment (including those whoseassignment is due to be completed within one year from 1st August,2008) otherwise than by way of dismissal or discharge on account ofmisconduct or inefficiency, or (ii) on account of physical disabilityattributable to Military Service, or (iii) on invalidment.

(vi) upto a maximum of five years in the case of ECOs/SSCOs who havecompleted an initial period of assignment of five years Military Serviceas on 1st August, 2008 and whose assignment has been extendedbeyond five years and in whose case the Ministry of Defence issuesa certificate that they can apply for civil employment and that theywill be released on three month’s notice on selection from the dateof receipt of offer of appointment.

(vii) upto a maximum of 10 years in the case of blind, deaf-mute andOrthopaedically handicapped persons.


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Educational Qualification :A candidate must hold a degree of any of the Universities incorporate by anAct of the Central or State Legislature in India or other educational institutionsestablished by an Act of amendment or declared to deemed as a University underSection 3 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956 or possess an equivalentqualification.Note: Candidates who have appeared at an examination the passing of which wouldrender them educationally qualified for the Commission’s examination but have notbeen informed of the result as also the candidates who intend to appear at such aqualifying examination will also be eligible for admission to the Preliminary Examination.All candidates who are declared qualified by the Commission for taking the CivilServices (Main) Examination will be required to produce proof of passing the requisiteexamination along with their application for the Main Examination failing which suchcandidates will not be admitted to the Main Examination.

Number of attempts :Every candidate appearing at the examination who is otherwise eligible shall bepermitted four attempts at the examination. Provided that this restriction on the numberof attempts permissible to candidates belonging to other Backward Classes who areotherwise eligible shall be seven.Notes:i) An attempt at a Preliminary Examination shall be deemed to be an attempt

at the Examination.ii) If a candidate actually appears in anyone paper in the Preliminary Examination

he/she shall be deemed to have made an attempt at the Examination.iii) Notwithstanding the disqualification/cancellation of candidature the fact of

appearance of the candidate at the examination will count as an attempt.


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SECTION - IIScheme and subjects for the Preliminary and Main Examinations .

A. Preliminary ExaminationThe examination will consist of two papers.Paper I General Studies 150 marksPaper II One subject to be selected from the list of optional subjects given below 300 marksTotal : 450 marks

List of optional subjects for Preliminary Examination.

l Agriculture l Animal Husbandry &Veterinary Science

l Botany l Chemistryl Civil Engineering l Commercel Economics l Electrical Engineeringl Geography l Geologyl Indian History l Law

l Mathematics l Mechanical Engineeringl Medical Science l Philosophyl Physics l Political Sciencel Psychology l Public Administrationl Sociology l Statisticsl Zoology

B. Main ExaminationThe written examination will consist of the following papers :

Paper I One of the Indian languages to be selectedby the candidate from the Languages includedin the Eighth Scheduled to the Constitution. 300 marks

Paper II English 300 marksPaper III Essay 200 marksPapers IV & V General Studies 300 marks

for each paperPapers VI, VII, Any two subjects to be selected from theVIII and IX list of the optional subjects given below.

Each subject will have two papers. 300 marksfor each paper

Interview Test will carry 300 marks.


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Note :i) The papers on Indian Languages and English will be of Matriculation

or equivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature the marksobtained in these papers will not be counted for ranking.

ii) The papers on Essay, General Studies and Optional Subjects ofonly such candidates will be evaluated as attain such minimumstandard as may be fixed by the Commission in their discretion forthe qualifying papers on Indian Language and English.

iii) The paper-Ion Indian Languages will not, however, be compulsory forcandidates hailing from the North-Eastern States of ArunachanlPradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland and also forcandidates hailing from the State of Sikkim.

iv) For the Language papers, the script to be used by the candidateswill be as under:Language ScriptAssamese AssameseBengali BengaliGujarati GujaratiHindi DevanagariKannada KannadaKashmiri PersianKonkani DevanagariMalayalam MalayalamManipuri BengaliMarathi DevanagariNepali DevanagariOriya OriyaPunjabi GurmukhiSanskrit DevanagariSanthali Devanagari or olchikiSindhi Devanagari or ArabicTamil TamilTelugu TeluguUrdu Persian

List of optional subjects for Main Examination :

l Agriculture l Animal Husbandry & Veterinaryl Science l Anthropology

l Botany l Chemistry

l Civil Engineering l Commerce and Accountancy


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l Economics l Electrical Engineering

l Geography l Geology

l History l Law

l Management l Mathematics

l Mechanical Engineering l Medical Science

l Philosophy l Physics

l Political Science and International Relations

l Psychology l Public Administration

l Sociology l Statistics

l ZoologyLiterature of one of the following languages :Arabic, Assamese, Bodo, Bengali, Dogri, Chinese, English, French, German,Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Manipuri,Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Pali, Persian, Punjabi, Russian, Sanskrit, Santhali,Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.Notes: (i) Candidates will not be allowed to offer the following

combinations of subjects :–(a) Political Science & International Relations and

Public Administration;(b) Commerce & Accountancy and Management;(c) Anthropology and Sociology;(d) Mathematics and Statistics;(e) Agriculture and Animal Husbandry & Veterinary

Science.(f) Management and Public Administration;(g) Of the Engineering subjects, viz., Civil Engineering,

E lec t r i ca l Eng ineer ing and Mechan ica lEngineering–not more than one subject.

(h) Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science andMedical Science.

(ii) The question papers for the examination will be ofconventional (essay) type.

(iii) Each pap er will be of three hours duration. Blind candidateswill, however be allowed an extra time of thirty minutes ateach paper.

(iv) Candidates will have the option to answer all the questionpapers, except the language papers viz. Papers I and II abovein anyone of the languages included in the Eighth Schedule


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to the Constitution or in English.(v) Candidates exercising the option to answer papers III to IX

in anyone of the languages included in the Eighth Scheduleto the Constitution may, if they so desire, give English versionwithin brackets of only the description of the technical terms,if any, in addition to the version in the language opted bythem. Candidates should, however. note that if they misusethe above rule, a deduction will be made on this accountfrom the total marks otherwise accruing to them and inextreme cases, their script(s) will not be valued for being inan unauthorised medium.

(vi) The question papers other than language papers will be setboth in Hindi and English.

(vii) The details of the syllabi are mentioned in Section III.C. Interview test1. The candidate will be interviewed by a Board who will have before them a

record of his career. He will be asked questions on matters of general interest.The object of the interview is to assess the personal suitability of the candidatefor a career in public service by a Board of competent and unbiased observers.The test is intended to judge the mental calibre of a candidate. In broadterms this is really an assessment of not only his intellectual qualities butalso social traits and his interest in current affairs. Some of the qualities tobe judged are mental alertness critical powers of assimilation, clear andlogicalexposition, balance of judgement variety and depth of interest, ability forsocial cohesion and leadership, intellectual and moral integrity.

2. The technique of the interview is not that of a strict cross-examination but ofa natural, though directed and purposive conversation which is intended toreveal the mental qualities of the candidate.

3. The interview test isnot intended to be a test either of the specialised orgeneral knowledge of the candidates which has been already tested throughtheir written papers.

Candidates are expected to have taken an intelligent interest not only in their specialsubjects of academic study but also in the events which are happening around themboth within and outside their own state- or country as well as in modern currents ofthought and in new discoveries which should rouse the curiosity of well educatedyouth.


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SECTION - IIISYLLABI FOR THE PRELIMINARY AND MAIN EXAMINATIONSCOMPULSORY SUBJECT - GENERAL STUDIES OF PART APRELIMINAR Y EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

General Science

l Current events of national and international importancel History of India and Indian National Movementl Indian and World Geographyl Indian Polity and Economyl General Mental AbilityQuestions on General Science will cover general appreciation and understanding ofscience including matters of everyday observation and experience, as may be expectedof a well educated person who has not made a special study of any particular scientificdiscipline. In current events, knowledge of significant national and international eventswill be tested. In History of India, emphasis will be on broad general understanding ofthe subject in its social, economic and political aspects. Questions on the IndianNational Movement will relate to the nature and character of the nineteenth centuryresurgence, growth of nationalism and attainment of Independence. In Geography,emphasis will be on Geography of India. Questions on the Geography of India willrelate to physical, social and economic Geography of the country, including the mainfeatures of Indian agricultural and natural resources. Questions on Indian Polity andEconomy will test knowledge of the country’s political system and Constitution ofIndia, Panchayati Raj, Social Systems and economic developments in India. Ongeneral mental ability, the candidates will be tested on reasoning and analytical abilities.

GENERAL STUDIES - COMPULSORY OF PART BMAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

General Guidelines:The nature and standard of questions in the General Studies papers will be suchthat a well-educated person will be able to answer them without any specializedstudy. The questions will be such as to test a candidate’s general awareness of avariety of subjects, which will have relevance for a career in Civil Services. The questionsare likely to test the candidate’s basic understanding of all relevant issues, and abilityto analyze, and take a view on conflicting socio-economic goals, objectives anddemands. The candidates must give relevant, meaningful and succinct answers.

PAPER - I1. History of Modern India and Indian Culture

The History of Modern India will cover history of the Country from about themiddle of nineteenth century and would also include questions on importantpersonalities who shaped the freedom movement and social reforms. Thepart relating to Indian culture will cover all aspects of Indian culture from the


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ancient to modern times as well as principal features of literature, arts andarchitecture.

2. Geography of IndiaIn this part, questions will be on the physical, economic and social geographyof India.

3. Constitution of India and Indian PolityThis part will include questions on the Constitution of India as well as allconstitutional, legal, administrative and other issues emerging from thepolitico-administrative system prevalent in the country.

4. Current National Issues and Topics of Social RelevanceThis part is intended to test the candidate’s awareness of current nationalissues and topics of social relevance in present-day India, such as thefollowing:(i) The Indian economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of

resources, growth, development and employment.(ii) Issues arising from the social and economic exclusion of large

sections from the benefits of development.(iii) Other issues relating to the development and management of

human resource.(iv) Health issues including the management of Public Health, Health

education and ethical concerns regarding health-care, medicalresearch and pharmaceuticals.

(v) Law enforcement, internal security and related issues such as thepreservation of communal harmony.

(vi) Issues relating to good governance and accountability to the citizensincluding the maintenance of human rights, and of probity in publiclife.

(vii) Environmental issues, ecological preservation, conservation of naturalresources and national heritage.

PAPER - II1. India and the World

This part will include questions to test candidate’s awareness of India’srelationship with the world in various spheres such as the following:-Foreign Affairs with special emphasis on India’s relations with neighbouringcountries and in the region.Security and defence related matters.Nuclear policy, issues, and conflicts.The Indian Diaspora and its contribution to India and the world.

2. India’s Economic Interaction with the World


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In this part, questions will be on economic and trade issues such as foreigntrade, foreign investment; economic and diplomacy issues relating to oil, gasand energy flows; the role and functions of I.M.F., World Bank, W.T.O.,WIPO etc. which influence India’s economic interaction with other countriesand international institutions.

3. Developments in the Field of Science & Technology, IT and spaceIn this part, questions will test the candidate’s awareness of the developmentsin the field of science and technology, information technology, space andbasic ideas about computers, robotics, nanotechnology, biotechnology andrelated issues regarding intellectual property rights.

4. International Affairs and InstitutionsThis part will include questions on important events in world affairs and oninternational institutions.

5. Statistical analysis, graphs and diagramsThis part will test the candidate’s ability to draw conclusions from informationpresented in statistical, graphical or diagrammatical form and to interpretthem.

ESSAY - COMPULSORY PART B -MAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

Candidates will be required to write an essay on a specific topic. The choice ofsubjects will be given. They will be expected to keep closely to the subject of theessay to arrange their ideas in orderly fashion, and to write concisely. Credit will begiven for effective and exact expression.

ENGLISH AND INDIAN LANGUAGUES - COMPULSORY OF PART BMAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

The aim of the paper is to test the candidate’s ability to read and understand seriousdiscursive prose, and to express his ideas clearly and correctly in English/Indianlanguage concerned.The pattern of questions would be broadly as follows :-(i) Comprehension of given passages. (ii) Precis Writing(iii) Usage and Vocabulary (iv) Short EssayIndian Languages(i) Comprehension of given passages. (ii) Precis Writing(iii) Usage and Vocabulary. (iv) Short Essay(v) Translation from English to the Indian language and vice-versa.Note 1 : The Papers on Indian languages and English will be of Matriculation orequivalent standard and will be of qualifying nature only. The marks obtained in thesepapers will not be counted for ranking.Note 2 : The candidates will have to answer the English and Indian Languages papersin English and the respective Indian language (except where translation is involved).


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OPTIONAL SUBJECTSAGRICULTURE – OPTIONAL PART A

PRELIMINAR Y EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

Agriculture, its importance in national economy. Factors determining agroecologicalzones and geographic distribution of crop plants.Importance of crop plants, cultural practices for cereal, pulses, oilseed, fibre, sugar,tuber and fodder crops and scientific basis for these crop rotations, multiple and relaycropping, intercropping and mixed cropping.Soil as medium of plant growth and its composition, mineral and organic constituentsof the soil and their role in crop production; chemical, physical and microbiologicalproperties of soils. Essential plant nutrients (macro and micro)–their functions,occurrence, cycling in soils Principles of soil fertility and its evaluation for judiciousfertilizer use. Organic manures and bio-fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers, integrated nutrientmanagement.Principles of plant physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, transactions,and metabolism of nutrients.Diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies and their amelioration photosynthesis and respiration,growth and development, auxins and hormones in plant growth.Cell and cell organelles. Cell division. Reproductive cycle, Principles of genetics,gene-interaction, sex determination, linkage and recombination, mutation, extrachromosomal inheritance, polyploidy. Origin and domestication of crop plants. Geneticresources-conservation and utilization. Floral biology in relation to selfing and crossing.Genetic basis of plant breeding pureline selection, mass selection, male sterility andincompatibility and their use in plant breeding. Pedigree selection, back-cross methodof selection. Heterosis and its exploitation. Development of hybrids, composites andsynthetic, Important varieties, hybrids, composites and synthetic of major crops.Seeds and seed-production techniques.Important fruit and vegetable crops of India, method of propagation–Sexual and asexual.Package and practices and their scientific basis. Crop rotation, intercropping,companion crops, role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition, post-harvest handlingand processing of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and ornamental horticulture,commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants. Serious pests and diseasesaffecting major crops. Principles of control of crop pests and diseases, integratedmanagement. Proper use and maintenance of plant protection equipment.Principles of economics as applied to agriculture. Farm planning and optimum resource–use efficiency and maximising income and employment. Farm systems and theirspatial distribution, their significant roles in regional economic development.


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AGRICULTURE - PART BMAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I Ecology and its relevance to man, natural resources, their sustainable managementand conservation. Physical and social environment as factors of crop distribution andproduction. Agro ecology; cropping pattern as indicators of environments. Environmentalpollution and associated hazards to crops, animals and humans. Climate change –International conventions and global initiatives. Green house effect and global warming.Advance tools for ecosystem analysis – Remote sensing (RS) and GeographicInformation Systems (GIS). Cropping patterns in different agro-climatic zones of the country. Impact of high-yieldingand short-duration varieties on shifts in cropping patterns. Concepts of various croppingand farming systems. Organic and Precision farming. Package of practices forproduction of important cereals, pulses, oil seeds, fibres, sugar, commercial andfodder crops. Important features and scope of various types of forestry plantations such as socialforestry, agro-forestry, and natural forests. Propagation of forest plants. Forest products.Agro forestry and value addition. Conservation of forest flora and fauna. Weeds, their characteristics, dissemination and association with various crops; theirmultiplications; cultural, biological, and chemical control of weeds. Soil- physical, chemical and biological properties. Processes and factors of soilformation. Soils of India. Mineral and organic constituents of soils and their role inmaintaining soil productivity. Essential plant nutrients and other beneficial elementsin soils and plants. Principles of soil fertility, soil testing and fertilizer recommendations,integrated nutrient management. Biofertilizers. Losses of nitrogen in soil, nitrogen-use efficiency in submerged rice soils, nitrogen fixation in soils. Efficient phosphorusand potassium use. Problem soils and their reclamation. Soil factors affectinggreenhouse gas emission. Soil conservation, integrated watershed management. Soil erosion and its management.Dry land agriculture and its problems. Technology for stabilizing agriculture productionin rain fed areas. Water-use efficiency in relation to crop production, criteria for scheduling irrigations,ways and means of reducing run-off losses of irrigation water. Rainwater harvesting.Drip and sprinkler irrigation. Drainage of waterlogged soils, quality of irrigation water,effect of industrial effluents on soil and water pollution. Irrigation projects in India. Farm management, scope, importance and characteristics, farm planning. Optimumresource use and budgeting. Economics of different types of farming systems.Marketing management – strategies for development, market intelligence. Pricefluctuations and their cost; role of co-operatives in agricultural economy; types andsystems of farming and factors affecting them. Agricultural price policy. Crop Insurance. Agricultural extension, its importance and role, methods of evaluation of extensionprogrammes, socio-economic survey and status of big, small and marginal farmers


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and landless agricultural labourers. Training programmes for extension workers. Roleof Krishi Vigyan Kendra’s (KVK) in dissemination of Agricultural technologies. NonGovernment Organization (NGO) and self- help group approach for rural development.

PAPER – IICell structure, function and cell cycle. Synthesis, structure and function of geneticmaterial. Laws of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkageand cross-over, and their significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploidsand aneuploids. Mutations - and their role in crop improvement. Heritability, sterilityand incompatibility, classification and their application in crop improvement.Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters. History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques.Origin, evolution and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologousseries, crop genetic resources- conservation and utilization. Application of principlesof plant breeding, improvement of crop plants. Molecular markers and their applicationin plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and recurrent selections,combining ability, its significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation.Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecificand intergeneric hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in cropimprovement. Genetically modified crop plants. Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, seed testing andstorage. DNA finger printing and seed registration. Role of public and private sectorsin seed production and marketing. Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTOissues and its impact on Agriculture. Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocationand metabolism of nutrients. Soil - water- plant relationship. Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis- modern concepts and factors affectingthe process, aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C 3, C4 and CAM mechanisms.Carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodismand vernalilzation. Plant growth substances and their role in crop production. Physiologyof seed development and germination; dormancy. Stress physiology – draught, saltand water stress. Major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. Package practicesof major horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Postharvest technology and value addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping andcommercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants. Role of fruits and vegetablesin human nutrition. Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantationcrops and their economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and theirmanagement. Integrated pest and disease management. Storage pests and theirmanagement. Biological control of pests and diseases. Epidemiology and forecastingof major crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, theirformulation and modes of action.


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Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population– vision 2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and international food policies.Production, procurement, distribution constraints. Availability of food grains, per capitaexpenditure on food. Trends in poverty, Public Distribution System and Below PovertyLine population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy implementation incontext to globalization. Processing constraints. Relation of food production to NationalDietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food based dietary approaches toeliminate hunger. Nutrient deficiency – Micro nutrient deficiency : Protein EnergyMalnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition (PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiencyand HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food grain productivityand food security.


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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCEPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Animal Husbandry1. General : Role of Livestock in Indian Economy and human health. Mixed

farming. Agroclimatic zones and livestock distribution. Socioeconomic aspectsof livestock enterprise with special reference to women.

2. Genetics and Breeding : Principle of genetics, chemical nature of DNA andRNA and their models and functions. Recombinant DNA technology, transgenicanimals, multiple ovulation and embryo-transfer. Cytogenetics, immunogeneticsand biochemical polymorphic and their application in animal improvement. Geneactions. Systems and strategies for improvement of livestock for milk, meat,wool production and drought and poultry for eggs and meat. Breeding of animalsfor disease resistance. Breeds of livestock, poultry and rabbits.

3. Nutrition : Role of nutrition in animal health and production. Classification offeeds, Proximate composition of feeds, feeding standards, computation ofrations. Ruminant nutrition. Concepts of total digestible nutrients and starchequivalent systems. Significance of energy determinations. Conservation offeeds and fodder and utilization of agro by-products. Feed supplements andadditives. Nutrition deficiencies and their management.

4. Management : Systems of housing and management of livestock, poultry andrabbits. Farm record. Economics of livestock, poultry and rabbit farming. Cleanmilk production. Veterinary hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.Sources of water and standards of potable water. Purification of water. Air changesand thermal comfort. Drainage systems and effluent disposal. Biogas.

5. Animal Production : (a) Artificial insemination, fertility and sterility. Reproductivephysiology, semen charcteris-tics and preservation. Sterility its causes andremedies.(b) Meat eggs and wool production. Methods of slaughter of meat animals,

meat inspection, judgement, carcass characteristics, adulteration and itsdetection processing and preservation.; Meat products, quality controland nutritive value, By-products. Physiology of egg production, nutritivevalue, grading of eggs preservation and marketing.

Types of wool, grading and marketing.6. Veterinary Science : (i) Major contagious diseases affecting cattle, buffaloes,

horses, sheep and goats, pigs, poultry, rabbits and pet animals-Etiology,symptoms, pathogenicity, diagnosis, treatment and control of major bacterial,viral, rickettsial and parasitic infections.(ii) Description, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the following :—

(a) Production diseases of milch animals, pig and poultry.(b) Deficiency diseases of domestic livestock and birds.


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(c) Poisonings due to infected/contaminated foods and feeds,chemicals and drugs.

7. Principles of immunization and vaccination : Different types of immunity,antigens and antibodies. Methods of immunization. Breakdown of immunity,Vaccines and their use in animals.

Zoonoses, Foodborne infections and intoxications, occupation hazards8. (a) Poisons used for killing animals euthanesia.

(b) Drugs used for increasing production/performance efficiency, and theiradverse effects.

(c) Drugs used to tranquilize wild animals as well as animals in captivity.(d) Quarantine measures in India and abroad. Act, Rules and Regulations.

9. Dairy Science : Physicochemical and nutritional properties of milk. Qualityassessment of milk and milk products, Common tests and legal standards.Cleaning and sanitation of dairy equipment. Milk collections, chilling,transportation processing, packaging, storage and distribution. Manufacture ofmarket milk, cream butter, cheese, ice-cream, condensed and dried milk, byproducts and Indian Milk products.

Unit operations in dairy plant.Role of micro organisam in quality of milk and products physiology of milksecretion.

ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCEPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER – I1. Animal Nutrition:1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry.

Carbon – nitrogen balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems forexpressing energy value of foods in ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energyrequirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool, andmeat production.

1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein interrelationships.Evaluation of protein quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Proteinrequirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool andmeat production.

1.3 Major and trace minerals - Their sources, physiological functions anddeficiency symptoms. Toxic minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fat-solubleand water – soluble vitamins in the body, their sources and deficiencysymptoms.

1.4 Feed additives – methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics,hormones, oligosaccharides, antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors,buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like hormones and antibiotics– latest concepts.


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1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recentadvances in feed technology and feed processing. Anti – nutritional and toxicfactors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and quality control.Digestibility trials – direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feedintake in grazing animals.

1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations.Feeding of calves, pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies forfeeding milch animals during different stages of lactation cycle. Effect offeeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk production.Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.

1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisherrations. Feeding of pigs for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.

1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirementsfor meat and egg production. Formulation of rations for different classes oflayers and broilers.

2. Animal Physiology:2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands

in health and disease.2.2 Blood constituents.-Properties and functions-blood cell formation-Haemoglobin

synthesis and chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification andproperties, coagulation of blood;Haemorrhagic disorders-anticoagulants-bloodgroups-Blood volume-Plasma expanders-Buffer systems in blood. Biochemicaltests and their significance in disease diagnosis.

2.3 Circulation. - Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat,electrocardiograms. Work and efficiency of heart-effect of ions on heartfunction-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and chemical regulation ofheart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressure andhypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation ofcirculation, shock. Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier-Cerebrospinal fluid- circulation in birds.

2.4 Respiration. - Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases –neural control of respiration-chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.

2.5 Excretion-Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods ofstudying renal function-renal regulation of acid-base balance: physiologicalconstituents of urine-renal failure-passive venous congestion-Urinary secretionin chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test for urinarydysfunction.

2.6 Endocrine glands. -Functional disorders their symptoms and diagnosis.Synthesis of hormones, mechanism and control of secretion- hormonalreceptors-classification and function.

2.7 Growth and Animal Production- Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation,growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation,


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body composition, meat quality.2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion- Current status

of hormonal control of mammary development, milk secretion and milkejection, Male and Female reproductive organs, their components andfunctions. Digestive organs and their functions.

2.9 Environmental Physiology- Physiological relations and their regulation;mechanisms of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanismsinvolved in animal behaviour, climatology – various parameters and theirimportance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress onhealth and production.

3. Animal Reproduction:Semen quality- Preservation and Artificial Insemination- Components ofsemen, composition of spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties ofejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in vitro. Factors affectingsemen production and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, spermconcentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows,sheep, goats, swine and poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of inseminationfor better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.

4. Livestock Production and Management:4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming- Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced

countries. Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economicdairy farming. Starting of a dairy farm, Capital and land requirement,organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy farming, factorsdetermining the efficiency of dairy animal. Herd recording, budgeting, cost ofmilk production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practicaland Economic rations for dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year,feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm. Feeding regimes for youngstock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding youngand adult stock; Feeding records.

4.2 Commercial meat, egg and wool production- Development of practical andeconomic rations for sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens,fodder, feeding regimes for young and mature stock. New trends in enhancingproduction and management. Capital and land requirements and socio-economic concept.

4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other naturalcalamities.

5. Genetics and Animal Breeding:History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis: Mendelian inheritance;deviations to Mendelian genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossingover; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex limited characters; Bloodgroups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic inheritance.Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein


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synthesis; Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations,methods for detecting mutations and mutation rate. Transgenesis.

5.1 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding- Quantitative Vs. qualitativetraits; Hardy Weinberg Law; Population Vs. individual; Gene and genotypicfrequency; Forces changing gene frequency; Random drift and smallpopulations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimatinginbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding, Effective population size;Breeding value, estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation;Partitioning of variation; Genotype X environment correlation and genotype Xenvironment interaction; role of multiple measurements; Resemblancebetween relatives.

5.2 Breeding Systems- Breeds of livestsock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatabilityand genetic and phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation andprecision of estimates; Aids to selection and their relative merits; Individual,pedigree, family and within family selection; Progeny testing; Methods ofselection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparativeevaluation of genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirectselection and correlated response; Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred lines for commercialproduction; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding forthreshold characters . Sire index.

6. Extension:Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. DifferentMethods adopted to educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation oftechnology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and constraints in transferof technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.

PAPER – II1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene:1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques: Paraffin embedding technique of

tissue processing and H.E. staining - Freezing microtomy- Microscopy-Brightfield microscope and electron microscope. Cytology-structure of cell, organellsand inclusions; cell division-cell types- Tissues and their classification-embryonic and adult tissues-Comparative histology of organs-Vascular.Nervous, digestive, respiratory, musculo- skeletal and urogenital systems-Endocrine glands -Integuments-sense organs.

1.2 Embryology – Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves anddomestic mammals gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers- foetalmembranes and placentation-types of placenta in domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning- organogenesis -germ layer derivatives-endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivates.

1.3 Bovine Anatomy- Regional Anatomy: Paranasal sinuses of OX- surfaceanatomy of salivary glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary,


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mandibuloalveolar,mental and cornual nerve block. Regional anatomy ofparavertebral nerves, pudendal nerve, median ulnar and radial nerves-tibial,fibular and digital nerves-Cranial nerves-structures involved in epiduralanaesthesia-superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs ofthoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities-comparative features of locomotorapparatus and their application in the biomechanics of mammalian body.

1.4 Anatomy of Fowl- Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation torespiration and flying, digestion and egg production.

1.5 Pharmacology and therapeutic drugs - Cellular level of pharmacodynamicsand pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugsacting on Autonomic nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia anddissociative anaesthetics. Autacoids. Antimicrobials and principles ofchemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in therapeutics-chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in theEdible tissues of animals- chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicitydue to insecticides, plants, metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins.

1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation - Assessmentof pollution of water, air and soil- Importance of climate in animal health-effect of environment on animal function and performance-relationship betweenindustrialization and animal agriculture- animal housing requirements forspecific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows, milkingcows, broiler birds- stress, strain and productivity in relation to animalhabitation.

2. Animal Diseases:2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, postmortem lesions,

diagnosis, and control of infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses,pigs and poultry.

2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of productiondiseases of cattle, horse, pig and poultry.

2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat,

Diarrhoea, Indigestion, dehydration, stroke, poisoning.2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.2.6 Principles and methods of immunization of animals against specific diseases-

herd immunity- disease free zones- ‘zero’ disease concept- chemoprophylaxis.2.7 Anaesthesia- local, regional and general-preanesthetic medication. Symptoms

and surgical interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomasaldisplacement- Caesarian operations. Rumenotomy-Castrations.

2.8 Disease investigation techniques.- Materials for laboratory investigation-Establishment of Animal Health Centers- Disease free zone-

3. Veterinary Public Health:3.1 Zoonoses. - Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence

and transmission of zoonotic diseases- occupational zoonotic diseases.


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3.2 Epidemiology- Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application ofepidemiological measures in the study of diseases and disease control.Epidemiological features of air, water and food borne infections. OIEregulations, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.

3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence- Rules and Regulations for improvement of animalquality and prevention of animal diseases - State and central rules forprevention of animal and animal product borne diseases- S P C A- Veterolegalcases- Certificates -Materials and Methods of collection of samples forveterolegal investigation.

4. Milk and Milk Products Technology:4.1 Market Milk: Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging,

storing, distribution, marketing, defects and their control. Preparation of thefollowing milks: Pasteurized, standardized, toned, double toned, sterilized,homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milks. Preparationof cultured milks, cultures and their management, yoghurt, Dahi, Lassi andSrikhand. Preparation of flavoured and sterilized milks. Legal standards.Sanitation requirement for clean and safe milk and for the milk plant equipment.

4.2 Milk Products Technology.- Selection of raw materials, processing, storing ,distributing and marketing milk products such as Cream, Butter, Ghee,Khoa, Channa, Cheese, condensed, evaporated, dried milk and baby food,Ice cream and Kulfi; by-products, whey products, butter milk, lactose andcasein. Testing, grading, judging milk products- BIS and Agmark specifications,legal standards, quality control and nutritive properties. Packaging, processingand operational control. Costing of dairy products.

5. Meat Hygiene and Technology:5.1 Meat Hygiene.5.1.1 Ante mortem care and management of food animals, stunning, slaughter and

dressing operations; abattoir requirements and designs; Meat inspectionprocedures and judgment of carcass meat cuts- grading of carcass meatcuts- duties and functions of Veterinarians in wholesome meat production.

5.1.2 Hygienic methods of handling production of meat- Spoilage of meat and controlmeasures- Post - slaughter physicochemical changes in meat and factorsthat influence them- Quality improvement methods – Adulteration of meatand detection - Regulatory provisions in Meat trade and Industry.

5.2 Meat Technology.5.2.1 Physical and chemical characteristics of meat- Meat emulsions- Methods of

preservation of meat- Curing, canning, irradiation, packaging of meat andmeat products, processing and formulations.

5.3 By- products- Slaughter house by- products and their utilization- Edible andinedible by products- Social and economic implications of proper utilizationof slaughter house by-products- Organ products for food and pharmaceuticals.


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5.4 Poultry Products Technology- Chemical composition and nutritive value ofpoultry meat, pre - slaughter care and management. Slaughtering techniques,inspection, preservation of poultry meat and products. Legal and BISstandards.Structure, composition and nutritive value of eggs. Microbial spoilage.Preservation and maintenance. Marketing of poultry meat, eggs and products.Value added meat products.

5.5 Rabbit/Fur Animal farming - Rabbit meat production. Disposal and utilizationof fur and wool and recycling of waste by products. Grading of wool.


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ANTHROPOLOGYMAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1.1 Meaning, scope and development of Anthropology.1.2 Relationships with other disciplines: Social Sciences, Behavioural Sciences,

Life Sciences, Medical Sciences, Earth Sciences and Humanities.1.3 Main branches of Anthropology, their scope and relevance:

(a) Social- cultural Anthropology.(b) Biological Anthropology.(c) Archaeological Anthropology.(d) Linguistic Anthropology.

1.4 Human Evolution and emergence of Man:(a) Biological and Cultural factors in human evolution.(b) Theories of Organic Evolution (Pre- Darwinian, Darwinian and Post-

Darwinian).(c) Synthetic theory of evolution; Brief outline of terms and concepts of

evolutionary biology (Doll’s rule, Cope’s rule, Gause’s rule,parallelism, convergence, adaptive radiation, and mosaic evolution).

1.5 Characteristics of Primates; Evolutionary Trend and Primate Taxonomy; Pri-mate Adaptations; (Arboreal and Terrestrial) Primate Taxonomy; PrimateBehaviour; Tertiary and Quaternary fossil primates; Living Major Primates;Comparative Anatomy of Man and Apes; Skeletal changes due to erect pos-ture and its implications.

1.6 Phylogenetic status, characteristics and geographical distribution of the fol-lowing:(a) Plio-pleistocene hominids in South and East Africa - Australopith

ecines.(b) Homo erectus: Africa (Paranthropus), Europe (Homo erectus

heidelbergensis), Asia (Homo erectus javanicus, Homo erectuspekinensis).

(c) Neanderthal Man- La-Chapelle-aux-saints (Classical type), Mt.Carmel (Progressive type).

(d) Rhodesian man.(e) Homo sapiens — Cromagnon, Grimaldi and Chancelede.

1.7 The biological basis of life: The Cell, DNA structure and replication, ProteinSynthesis, Gene, Mutation, Chromosomes, and Cell Division.

1.8 (a) Principles of Prehistoric Archaeology. Chronology: Relative and Ab-solute Dating methods.

(b) Cultural Evolution- Broad Outlines of Prehistoric cultures:(i) Paleolithic


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(ii) Mesolithic (iii) Neolithic (iv) Chalcolithic (v) Copper-Bronze Age (vi) Iron Age

2.1 The Nature of Culture: The concept and characteristics of culture and civiliza-tion; Ethnocentrism vis-à-vis cultural Relativism.

2.2 The Nature of Society: Concept of Society; Society and Culture; Social Insti-tutions; Social groups; and Social stratification.

2.3 Marriage: Definition and universality; Laws of marriage (endogamy, exogamy,hypergamy, hypogamy, incest taboo); Types of marriage (monogamy, po-lygamy, polyandry, group marriage). Functions of marriage; Marriage regula-tions (preferential, prescriptive and proscriptive); Marriage payments (bridewealth and dowry).

2.4 Family: Definition and universality; Family, household and domestic groups;functions of family; Types of family (from the perspectives of structure, bloodrelation, marriage, residence and succession); Impact of urbanization, in-dustrialization and feminist movements on family.

2.5 Kinship: Consanguinity and Affinity; Principles and types of descent (Unilineal,Double, Bilateral, Ambilineal); Forms of descent groups (lineage, clan, phratry,moiety and kindred); Kinship terminology (descriptive and classificatory);Descent, Filiation and Complimentary Filiation; Descent and Alliance.

3. Economic organization: Meaning, scope and relevance of economic anthro-pology; Formalist and Substantivist debate; Principles governing production,distribution and exchange (reciprocity, redistribution and market), in commu-nities, subsisting on hunting and gathering, fishing, swiddening, pastoralism,horticulture, and agriculture; globalization and indigenous economic systems.

4. Political organization and Social Control: Band, tribe, chiefdom, kingdomand state; concepts of power, authority and legitimacy; social control, lawand justice in simple societies.

5. Religion: Anthropological approaches to the study of religion (evolutionary,psychological and functional); monotheism and polytheism; sacred and pro-fane; myths and rituals; forms of religion in tribal and peasant societies (ani-mism, animatism, fetishism, naturism and totemism); religion, magic andscience distinguished; magico- religious functionaries (priest, shaman, medi-cine man, sorcerer and witch).

6. Anthropological theories:(a) Classical evolutionism (Tylor, Morgan and Frazer)(b) Historical particularism (Boas); Diffusionism (British, German and

American)(c) Functionalism (Malinowski); Structural- functionlism (Radcliffe-Brown)


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(d) Structuralism (L’evi - Strauss and E. Leach)(e) Culture and personality (Benedict, Mead, Linton, Kardiner and

Cora - du Bois).(f) Neo - evolutionism (Childe, White, Steward, Sahlins and Service)(g) Cultural materialism (Harris)(h) Symbolic and interpretive theories (Turner, Schneider and Geertz)(i) Cognitive theories (Tyler, Conklin)(j) Post- modernism in anthropology

7. Culture, language and communication: Nature, origin and characteristics oflanguage; verbal and non-verbal communication; social context of languageuse.

8. Research methods in anthropology:(a) Fieldwork tradition in anthropology(b) Distinction between technique, method and methodology(c) Tools of data collection: observation, interview, schedules, question-

naire, Case study, genealogy, life-history, oral history, secondarysources of information, participatory methods.

(d) Analysis, interpretation and presentation of data.9.1 Human Genetics – Methods and Application: Methods for study of genetic

principles in man-family study (pedigree analysis, twin study, foster child,co-twin method, cytogenetic method, chromosomal and karyo-type analy-sis), biochemical methods, immunological methods, D.N.A. technology andrecombinant technologies.

9.2 Mendelian genetics in man-family study, single factor, multifactor, lethal, sub-lethal and polygenic inheritance in man.

9.3 Concept of genetic polymorphism and selection, Mendelian population, Hardy-Weinberg law; causes and changes which bring down frequency – mutation,isolation, migration, selection, inbreeding and genetic drift. Consanguineousand non-consanguineous mating, genetic load, genetic effect of consanguin-eous and cousin marriages.

9.4 Chromosomes and chromosomal aberrations in man, methodology.(a) Numerical and structural aberrations (disorders).(b) Sex chromosomal aberrations – Klinefelter (XXY), Turner (XO), Super

female (XXX), intersex and other syndromic disorders.(c) Autosomal aberrations – Down syndrome, Patau, Edward and Cri-du-

chat syndromes.(d) Genetic imprints in human disease, genetic screening, genetic coun-

seling, human DNA profiling, gene mapping and genome study.9.5 Race and racism, biological basis of morphological variation of non-metric

and metric characters. Racial criteria, racial traits in relation to heredity and


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environment; biological basis of racial classification, racial differentiation andrace crossing in man.

9.6 Age, sex and population variation as genetic marker- ABO, Rh blood groups,HLA Hp, transferring, Gm, blood enzymes. Physiological characteristics-Hblevel, body fat, pulse rate, respiratory functions and sensory perceptions indifferent cultural and socio-economic groups.

9.7 Concepts and methods of Ecological Anthropology. Bio-cultural Adaptations– Genetic and Non- genetic factors. Man’s physiological responses to envi-ronmental stresses: hot desert, cold, high altitude climate.

9.8 Epidemiological Anthropology: Health and disease. Infectious and non-infec-tious diseases. Nutritional deficiency related diseases.

10. Concept of human growth and development: stages of growth - pre-natal,natal, infant, childhood, adolescence, maturity, senescence.- Factors affecting growth and development genetic, environmental, biochemi-cal, nutritional, cultural and socio-economic.- Ageing and senescence. Theories and observations - biological and chrono-logical longevity. Human physique and somatotypes. Methodologies for growthstudies.

11.1 Relevance of menarche, menopause and other bioevents to fertility. Fertilitypatterns and differentials.

11.2 Demographic theories- biological, social and cultural.11.3 Biological and socio-ecological factors influencing fecundity, fertility,

natality and mortality. 12. Applications of Anthropology: Anthropology of sports, Nutritional anthropol-

ogy, Anthropology in designing of defence and other equipments, ForensicAnthropology, Methods and principles of personal identification and recon-struction, Applied human genetics – Paternity diagnosis, genetic counselingand eugenics, DNA technology in diseases and medicine, serogenetics andcytogenetics in reproductive biology.

PAPER – II1.1 Evolution of the Indian Culture and Civilization — Prehistoric (Palaeolithic,

Mesolithic, Neolithic and Neolithic - Chalcolithic). Protohistoric (Indus Civili-zation): Pre- Harappan, Harappan and post- Harappan cultures. Contribu-tions of tribal cultures to Indian civilization.

1.2 Palaeo – anthropological evidences from India with special reference to Siwaliksand Narmada basin (Ramapithecus, Sivapithecus and Narmada Man).

1.3 Ethno-archaeology in India: The concept of ethno-archaeology; Survivals andParallels among the hunting, foraging, fishing, pastoral and peasant commu-nities including arts and crafts producing communities.

2. Demographic profile of India — Ethnic and linguistic elements in the Indian


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population and their distribution. Indian population - factors influencing itsstructure and growth.

3.1 The structure and nature of traditional Indian social system — Varnashram,Purushartha, Karma, Rina and Rebirth.

3.2 Caste system in India- structure and characteristics, Varna and caste, Theo-ries of origin of caste system, Dominant caste, Caste mobility, Future ofcaste system, Jajmani system, Tribe- caste continuum.

3.3 Sacred Complex and Nature- Man- Spirit Complex.3.4 Impact of Buddhism, Jainism, Islam and Christianity on Indian society.4. Emergence and growth of anthropology in India-Contributions of the 18th, 19th

and early 20 th Century scholar-administrators. Contributions of Indian anthro-pologists to tribal and caste studies.

5.1 Indian Village: Significance of village study in India; Indian village as a socialsystem; Traditional and changing patterns of settlement and inter-caste rela-tions; Agrarian relations in Indian villages; Impact of globalization on Indianvillages.

5.2 Linguistic and religious minorities and their social, political and economicstatus.

5.3 Indigenous and exogenous processes of socio-cultural change in Indiansociety: Sanskritization, Westernization, Modernization; Inter-play of littleand great traditions; Panchayati raj and social change; Media and socialchange.

6.1 Tribal situation in India – Bio-genetic variability, linguistic and socio-economiccharacteristics of tribal populations and their distribution.

6.2 Problems of the tribal Communities — land alienation, poverty, indebted-ness, low literacy, poor educational facilities, unemployment, underemploy-ment, health and nutrition.

6.3 Developmental projects and their impact on tribal displacement and prob-lems of rehabilitation. Development of forest policy and tribals. Impact ofurbanization and industrialization on tribal populations.

7.1 Problems of exploitation and deprivation of Scheduled Castes, ScheduledTribes and Other Backward Classes. Constitutional safeguards for Sched-uled Tribes and Scheduled Castes.

7.2 Social change and contemporary tribal societies: Impact of modern demo-cratic institutions, development programmes and welfare measures on tribalsand weaker sections.

7.3 The concept of ethnicity; Ethnic conflicts and political developments; Unrestamong tribal communities; Regionalism and demand for autonomy; Pseudo-tribalism; Social change among the tribes during colonial and post-Indepen-dent India.


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8.1 Impact of Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and other religions ontribal societies.

8.2 Tribe and nation state — a comparative study of tribal communities in Indiaand other countries.

9.1 History of administration of tribal areas, tribal policies, plans, programmesof tribal development and their implementation. The concept of PTGs(Primitive Tribal Groups), their distribution, special programmes for theirdevelopment. Role of N.G.O.s in tribal development.

9.2 Role of anthropology in tribal and rural development.9.3 Contributions of anthropology to the understanding of regionalism, commu-

nalism, and ethnic and political movements.


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BOTANY PART APRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1. Cell Biology : Structure and function of cell wall (extra cellular matrix or ECM),cell membrane and cell organelles. Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex(NPC), chromosome and nucleosome. Mitosis, meiosis, molecular controlinvolving checkpoints in cell division cycle. Differentiation, cellular senescence.

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology : Laws of inheritance.Concept of gene and allelomorph. Linkage, crossing over and gene mapping.Structural and numerical changes in chromosomes and gene mutations. Sexdetermination and differentiation. Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids andproteins. Genetic code. Regulation of gene expression. Genetic engineeringand crop improvement. Protoplast, cell, tissue and organ cultures. Somatichybridization. Biofertilizers and biopesticides. Biotechnology in agri-horticulture,medicine and industry.

3. Tissue Systems : Origin, development, structure and function of primary andsecondary tissues.

4. Plant Diversity and Systematics : Structure and function of plant forms fromevolutionary aspects (viruses to Angiosperms including fossils). Principles ofnomenclature, classification and identification of plants. Modern approaches inplant taxonomy. Recent classification of living organism into three groups(bacteria, archaea and eukarya).

5. Plant Physiology: Water relations. Mineral nutrition. Photosynthesis.Respiration. Nitrogen metabolism. Enzymes and coenzymes. Dynamics ofgrowth, growth movements, growth substances, photomorphogenesis.Secondary metabolites. Isotopes in biological studies. Physiology of flowering.

6. Methods of Reproduction and Seed Biology : Vegetative, asexual andsexual methods of reproduction. Pollination and fertilization. Sexualincompatibility. Development, structure, dormancy and germination of seed.

7. Plant Pathology : Diseases of rice, wheat, sugarcane, potato, mustard,groundnut and cotton crops. Factors affecting infection (host factors, pathogenfactors, biotic factors like rhizosphere and phyllosphere organisms). Chemical,biological and genetic methods of disease control (including transgenic plants).

8. Plant and Environment : Biotic and abiotic components. Ecological adaptation.Types of vegetational zones and forests of India. Deforestation, afforestation,social forestry and plant introduction. Soil erosion, wasteland, reclamation.Environmental pollution and its control (including phytoremediation).Bioindicators. Global warming.

9. Biodiversity, Plant Genetic Resources: Methods of conservation of plantgenetic resources and its importance. Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD).Endangered, threatened and endemic taxa. Role of cell/tissue culture inpropagation and enrichment of genetic diversity. Plants as sources of food,


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fodder, forage, fibres, oils, drugs, wood and timber, paper, rubber, beverages,spices, essential oils and resins, gums, dyes, insecticides, pesticides andornamentation. Biomass as a source of energy.

10. Origin of Life and Evolution : Basic concepts of origin of earth and origin oflife. Theories of organic evolution, molecular basis of evolution.

BOTANYPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER – I1. Microbiology and Plant Pathology:

Structure and reproduction/multiplication of viruses, viroids, bacteria, fungiand mycoplasma; Applications of microbiology in agriculture, industry,medicine and in control of soil and water pollution; Prion and Prion hypothesis. Important crop diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, mycoplasma, fungiand nematodes; Modes of infection and dissemination; Molecular basis ofinfection and disease resistance/defence; Physiology of parasitism and controlmeasures; Fungal toxins; Modelling and disease forecasting; Plant quarantine.

2. Cryptogams:Algae, fungi, lichens, bryophytes, pteridophytes - structure and reproductionfrom evolutionary viewpoint; Distribution of Cryptogams in India and theirecological and economic importance.

3. Phanerogams:Gymnosperms: Concept of Progymnosperms; Classification and distributionof gymnosperms; Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferalesand Gnetales, their structure and reproduction; General account ofCycadofilicales, Bennettitales and Cordaitales; Geological time scale; Typeof fossils and their study techniques. Angiosperms: Systematics, anatomy, embryology, palynology andphylogeny. Taxonomic hierarchy; International Code of Botanical Nomenclature;Numerical taxonomy and chemotaxonomy; Evidence from anatomy,embryology and palynology. Origin and evolution of angiosperms; Comparative account of various systemsof classification of angiosperms; Study of angiospermic families –Mangnoliaceae, Ranunculaceae, Brassicaceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae,Euphorbiaceae, Malvaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Apiaceae, Asclepiadaceae,Verbenaceae, Solanaceae, Rubiaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae,Arecaceae, Liliaceae, Musaceae and Orchidaceae. Stomata and their types; Glandular and non-glandular trichomes; Unusualsecondary growth; Anatomy of C3 and C4 plants; Xylem and phloemdifferentiation; Wood anatomy. Development of male and female gametophytes, pollination, fertilization;


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Endosperm - its development and function; Patterns of embryo development;Polyembroyony and apomixes; Applications of palynology; Experimentalembryology including pollen storage and test-tube fertilization.

4. Plant Resource Development:Domestication and introduction of plants; Origin of cultivated plants; Vavilov’scentres of origin; Plants as sources for food, fodder, fibre, spices, beverages,edible oils, drugs, narcotics, insecticides, timber, gums, resins and dyes,latex, cellulose, starch and its products; Perfumery; Importance ofEthnobotany in Indian context; Energy plantations; Botanical Gardens andHerbaria.

5. Morphogenesis:Totipotency, polarity, symmetry and dfferentiation; Cell, tissue, organ andprotoplast culture; Somatic hybrids and Cybrids; Micropropagation;Somaclonal variation and its applications; Pollen haploids, embryo rescuemethods and their applications.

PAPER – II1. Cell Biology:

Techniques of cell biology; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells - structural andultrastructural details; Structure and function of extracellular matrix (cell wall),membranes-cell adhesion, membrane transport and vesicular transport;Structure and function of cell organelles (chloroplasts, mitochondria, ER,dictyosomes ribosomes, endosomes, lysosomes, peroxisomes);Cytoskelaton and microtubules; Nucleus, nucleolus, nuclear pore complex;Chromatin and nucleosome; Cell signalling and cell receptors; Signaltransduction; Mitosis and meiosis; Molecular basis of cell cycle; Numericaland structural variations in chromosomes and their significance; Chromatinorganization and packaging of genome; Polytene chromosomes; B-chromosomes – structure, behaviour and significance.

2. Genetics, Molecular Biology and Evolution:Development of genetics; Gene versus allele concepts (Pseudoalleles);Quantitative genetics and multiple factors; Incomplete dominance, polygenicinheritance, multiple alleles; Linkage and crossing over; Methods of genemapping, including molecular maps (idea of mapping function); Sexchromosomes and sex-linked inheritance, sex determination and molecularbasis of sex differentiation; Mutations (biochemical and molecular basis);Cytoplasmic inheritance and cytoplasmic genes (including genetics of malesterility). Structure and synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins;Genetic code andregulation of gene expression; Gene silencing; Multigene families; Organicevo lu t ion – ev idences, mechan ism and theor ies . Role of RNA in origin and evolution.


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3. Plant Breeding, Biotechnology and Biostatistics:Methods of plant breeding – introduction, selection and hybridization (pedigree,backcross, mass selection, bulk method); Mutation, polyploidy, male sterilityand heterosis breeding; Use of apomixes in plant breeding; DNA sequencing;Genetic engineering – methods of transfer of genes; Transgenic crops andbiosafety aspects; Development and use of molecular markers in plantbreeding; Tools and techniques - probe, southern blotting, DNA fingerprinting,PCR and FISH. Standard deviation and coefficient of variation (CV); Tests of significance (Z-test, t-test and chi-square test); Probability and distributions (normal, binomialand Poisson); Correlation and regression.

4. Physiology and Biochemistry:Water relations, mineral nutrition and ion transport, mineral deficiencies;Photosynthesis – photochemical reactions; photophosphorylation and carbonfixation pathways; C3, C4 and CAM pathways; Mechanism of phloem transport;Respiration (anerobic and aerobic, including fermentation) – electron transportchain and oxidative phosphorylation; Photorespiration; Chemiosmotic theoryand ATP synthesis; Lipid metabolism; Nitrogen fixation and nitrogenmetabolism; Enzymes, coenzymes; Energy transfer and energy conservation;Importance of secondary metabolites; Pigments as photoreceptors (plastidialpigments and phytochrome); Plant movements; Photoperiodism and flowering,vernalization, senescence; Growth substances – their chemical nature, roleand applications in agri-horticulture; Growth indices, growth movements; Stressphysiology (heat, water, salinity, metal); Fruit and seed physiology; Dormancy,storage and germination of seed; Fruit ripening – its molecular basis andmanipulation.

5. Ecology and Plant Geography:Concept of ecosystem; Ecological factors; Concepts and dynamics ofcommunity; Plant succession; Concept of biosphere; Ecosystems;Conservation; Pollution and its control (including phytoremediation); Plantindicators; Environment (Protection) Act. Forest types of India - Ecological and economic importance of forests,afforestation, deforestation and social forestry; Endangered plants, endemism,IUCN categories, Red Data Books; Biodiversity and its conservation; ProtectedArea Network; Convention on Biological Diversity; Farmers’ Rights andIntellectual Property Rights; Concept of Sustainable Development;Biogeochemical cycles; Global warming and climatic change; Invasivespecies; Environmental Impact Assessment; Phytogeographical regions ofIndia.


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CHEMISTRYPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Section-A(Inorganic Chemistry)

1.1 Atomic structure : ySchrodinger wave equation, significance of 2yand quantumnumbers and their significance, radial and angular probability, shapes of orbitals,relative energies of atomic orbitals as a function of atomic number. Electronicconfigurations of elements; Aufbau principle, Hund’s multiplicity rule, Pauliexclusion principle.

1.2 Chemical periodicity : Periodic classification of elements, salientcharacteristics of s,p,d and f block elements. Periodic trends of atomic radii,ionic radii, ionisation potential, electron affinity and electronegativity in the periodictable.

1.3 Chemical bonding : Types of bonding, overlap of atomic orbitals, sigma andpi bonds, hydrogen and metallic bonds. Shapes of molecules, bond order,bond length, V.S.E.P.R. theory and bond angles. The concept of hybridizationand shapes of molecules and ions.

1.4 Oxidation states and oxidation number : Oxidation and reduction, oxidationnumbers, common redox reactions, ionic equations. Balancing of equations foroxidation and reduction reactions.

1.5 Acids and bases : Bronsted and Lewis theories of acids and bases. Hard andsoft acids and bases. HSAB principle, relative strengths of acids and basesand the effect of substituents and solvents on their strength.

1.6 Chemistry of elements :(i) Hydrogen: Its unique position in the periodic table, isotopes, ortho and

para hydrogen, industrial production, heavy water.(ii) Chemistry of s and p block elements : electronic configuration, general

characteristics properties, inert pair effect, allotropy and catenation. Specialemphasis on solutions of alkali and alkaline earth metals in liquid ammonia.Preparation, properties and structures of boric acid, borates, boron nitrides,borohydride (diborane), carboranes, oxides and oxyacids of nitrogen,phosphorous, sulphur and chlorine; interhalogen compounds, polyhalideions, pseudohalogens, fluorocarbons and basic properties of halogens.Chemical reactivity of noble gases, preparation, structure and bonding ofnoble gas compounds.

(iii) Chemistry of d block elements: Transition metals including lanthanides,general characteristic properties, oxidation states, magnetic behaviour,colour. First row transition metals and general properties of their compounds(oxides, halides and sulphides); lanthanide contraction.

1.7 Extraction of metals : Principles of extraction of metals as illustrated bysodium, magnesium, aluminium, iron, nickel, copper, silver and gold.


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1.8 Nuclear Chemistry : Nuclear reactions; mass defect and binding energy,nuclear fission and fusion. Nuclear reactors; radioisotopes and their applications.

1.9 Coordination compounds : Nomenclature, isomerism and theories ofcoordination compounds and their role in nature and medicine.

1.10 Pollution and its control : Air pollution, types of air pollutants; control of airand water pollution; radioactive pollution.

Section-B(Organic Chemistry)

2.1 Bonding and shapes of organic molecules : Electronegativity, electrondisplacements-inductive, mesomeric and hyperconjugative effects; bond polarityand bond polarizability, dipole moments of organic molecules; hydrogen bond;effects of solvent and structure on dissociation constants of acids and bases;bond formation, fission of covalent bonds : homolysis and heterolysis; reactionintermediates-carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and carbenes; generation,geometry and stability; nucleophiles and electrophiles.

2.2 Chemistry of aliphatic compounds: Nomenclature; alkenes-synthesis,reactions (free radical halogenation) -- reactivity and selectivity, sulphonation-detergents; cycloalkanes-Baeyer’s strain theory; alkenes and alkynes-synthesis,electrohilic addition reactions, Markownikov’s rule, peroxide effects, 1- 3-dipolaraddtion; nucleophilic addition to electron-deficient alkenes; polymerisation;relative acidity; synthesis and reactions of alkyl halides, alkanols, alkanals,alkanones, alkanoic acids, esters, amides, nitriles, amines, acid anhydrides,a, ß-unsaturated ketones, ethers and nitro compounds.

2.3 Stereochemistry of carbon compounds : Elements of symmetry, chiral andachiral compounds. Fischer projection formulae; optical isomerism of lacticand tartaric acids, enantiomerism and diastereoisomerism; configuration (relativeand absolute); conformations of alkanes upto four carbons, cyclohexane anddimethylcyclo-hexanes-their potential energy. D, L-and R, S-notations ofcompounds containing chiral centres; projection formulae-Fischer, Newmanand sawhorse-of compounds containing two adjacent chiral centres; meso anddl-isomers, erythro and threo isomers; racemization and resolution; examplesof homotopic, enantiotopic and diasteretopic atoms and groups in organiccompounds, geometrical isomers; E and Z notations. Stereochemistry of SN1,SN2, E1 and E2 reactions.

2.4 Organometallic compounds : Preparation and synthetic uses of Grignardreagents, alkyl lithium compounds.

2.5 Active methylene compounds : Diethyl malonate, ethyl acetoacetate, ethylcyanoacetate-applications in organic synthesis; tautomerism (keto-enol).

2.6 Chemistry of aromatic compounds : Aromaticity; Huckel’s rule; electrophilicaromatic substitution-nitration, sulphonation, halogenation (nuclear and sidechain), Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation, substituents effect; chemistryand reactivity of aromatic halides, phenols, nitro-, diazo, diazonium and sulphonic


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acid derivatives, benzyne reactions.2.7 Chemistry of biomolecules : (i) Carobhydrates : Classification, reactions,

structure of glucose, D, L-configuration, osazone formation; fructose andsucrose; step-up step-down of aldoses and ketoses, and ther interconversions,(ii) Amino acdis : Essential amino acids; zwitterions, isoelectric point,polypeptides; proteins; methods of synthesis of -amino acids. (iii) Elementaryidea of oils, fats, soaps and detergents.a

2.8 Basic principles and applications of UV, visible, IR and NMR spectroscopyof simple organic molecules.

Section-C(Physical Chemistry)

3.1 Gaseous state : Deviation of real gases from the equation of state for an idealgas, van der Waals and Virial equation of state, critical phenomena, principle ofcorresponding states, equation for reduced state. Liquification of gases,distribution of molecular speed, collisions between molecules in a gas; meanfree path, speicific heat of gases

3.2 Thermodynamics : (i) First law and its applications: Thermodynamicsystems, states and processes, work, heat and internal energy, zeroth law ofthermodynamics, various types of work done on a system in reversible andirreversible processes. Calorimetry and thermochemistry, enthalpy and enthalpychanges in various physical and chemical processes, Joule-Thomson effect,inversion temperautre. Heat capacities and temperature dependence of enthalpyand energy changes.

(ii) Second law and its applications : Spontaneity of a process, entropy andentropy changes in various processes, free energy functions, criteria forequilibrium, relation between equilibrium constant and thermodynamic quantities.

3.3 Phase rule and its applications : Equilibrium bewteen liquid, solid and vapoursof a pure substance, Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications. Numberof components, phases and degrees of freedom; phase rule and its applications;simple systems with one (water and sulphur) and two components (lead-silver,salt hydrates). Distribution law, its modifications, limitations and applications.

3.4 Solutions : Solubility and its temperature dependence, partially miscible liquids,upper and lower critical solution temperatres, vapour pressures of liquids overtheir mixtures, Raoult’s and Henry’s laws, fractional and steam distillations.

3.5 Colligative Properties : Dilute solutions and colligative properties,determination of molecular weights using colligative properties.

3.6 Electrochemistry : Ions in solutions, ionic equilibria, dissociation constants ofacids and bases, hydrolysis, pH and buffers, theory of indicators and acid-base titrations. Conductivity of ionic solutions, its variation with concentration,Ostwald’s dilution law, Kohlrausch law and its application. Transport numberand its determination. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, galvanic cells andmeasurements of their e.m.f., cell reactions, standard cell, standard reduction


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potential, Nernst equation, relation between thermodynamic quantities and celle.m.f., fuel cells, potentiometric titrations.

3.7 Chemical kinetics : Rate of chemical reaction and its dependence onconcentrations of the reactants, rate constant and order of reaction and theirexperimental determination; differential and integral rate equations for first andsecond order reaction, half-life periods; temperature dependence of rate constantand Arrhenius parameters; elementary ideas regarding collision and transitionstate theory.

3.8 Photochemistry : Absorption of light, laws of photochemistry, quantum yield,the excited state and its decay by radiative, nonradiative and chemical pathways;simple photochemical reactions.

3.9 Catalysis : Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis and their characteristics,mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis; enzyme catalysed reactions (Michaelis-Menten mechanism).

3.10 Colloids : The colloidal state, preparation and purification of colloids and theircharacteristics properties; lyophilic and lyophobic colloids and coagulation;protection of colloids; gels, emulsions, surfactants and micelles.


38

CHEMISTRYPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1. Atomic Structure:

Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, Schrodinger wave equation (timeindependent); Interpretation of wave function, particle in one-dimensional box,quantum numbers, hydrogen atom wave functions; Shapes of s, p and dorbitals.

2. Chemical Bonding:Ionic bond, characteristics of ionic compounds, lattice energy, Born-Habercycle; covalent bond and its general characteristics, polarities of bonds inmolecules and their dipole moments; Valence bond theory, concept ofresonance and resonance energy; Molecular orbital theory (LCAO method);bonding in H2

+, H2, He2+ to Ne 2, NO, CO, HF, and CN–; Comparison of valence

bond and molecular orbital theories, bond order, bond strength and bondlength.

3. Solid State:Crystal systems; Designation of crystal faces, lattice structures and unitcell; Bragg’s law; X-ray diffraction by crystals; Close packing, radius ratiorules, calculation of some limiting radius ratio values; Structures of NaCl,ZnS, CsCl and CaF2; Stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric defects, impuritydefects, semi-conductors.

4. The Gaseous State and Transport Phenomenon:Equation of state for real gases, intermolecular interactions and criticalphenomena and liquefaction of gases, Maxwell’s distribution of speeds,intermolecular collisions, collisions on the wall and effusion; Thermalconductivity and viscosity of ideal gases.

5. Liquid State:Kelvin equation; Surface tension and surface energy, wetting and contactangle, interfacial tension and capillary action.

6. Thermodynamics:Work, heat and internal energy; first law of thermodynamics. Second law ofthermodynamics; entropy as a state function, entropy changes in variousprocesses, entropy–reversibility and irreversibility, Free energy functions;Thermodynamic equation of state; Maxwell relations; Temperature, volumeand pressure dependence of U, H, A, G, C p and C v, á and â; J-T effect andinversion temperature; criteria for equilibrium, relation between equilibriumconstant and thermodynamic quantities; Nernst heat theorem, introductoryidea of third law of thermodynamics.

7. Phase Equilibria and Solutions:Clausius-Clapeyron equation; phase diagram for a pure substance; phase


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equilibria in binary systems, partially miscible liquids–upper and lower criticalsolution temperatures; partial molar quantities, their significance anddetermination; excess thermodynamic functions and their determination.

8. Electrochemistry:Debye-Huckel theory of strong electrolytes and Debye-Huckel limiting Lawfor various equilibrium and transport properties.Galvanic cells, concentration cells; electrochemical series, measurement ofe.m.f. of cells and its applications fuel cells and batteries.Processes at electrodes; double layer at the interface; rate of charge transfer,current density; overpotential; electroanalytical techniques: Polarography,amperometry, ion selective electrodes and their uses.

9. Chemical Kinetics:Differential and integral rate equations for zeroth, first, second and fractionalorder reactions; Rate equations involving reverse, parallel, consecutive andchain reactions; branching chain and explosions; effect of temperature andpressure on rate constant; Study of fast reactions by stop-flow and relaxationmethods; Collisions and transition state theories.

10. Photochemistry:Absorption of light; decay of excited state by different routes; photochemicalreactions between hydrogen and halogens and their quantum yields.

11. Surface Phenomena and Catalysis:Absorption from gases and solutions on solid adsorbents, Langmuir andB.E.T. adsorption isotherms; determination of surface area, characteristicsand mechanism of reaction on heterogeneous catalysts.

12. Bio-inorganic Chemistry:Metal ions in biological systems and their role in ion transport across themembranes (molecular mechanism), oxygen-uptake proteins, cytochromesand ferredoxins.

13. Coordination Compounds:(i) Bonding theories of metal complexes; Valence bond theory, crystal field

theory and its modifications; applications of theories in the explanation ofmagnetism and electronic spectra of metal complexes.

(ii) Isomerism in coordination compounds; IUPAC nomenclature ofcoordination compounds; stereochemistry of complexes with 4 and 6coordination numbers; chelate effect and polynuclear complexes; transeffect and its theories; kinetics of substitution reactions in square-planercomplexes; thermodynamic and kinetic stability of complexes.

(iii) EAN rule, Synthesis structure and reactivity of metal carbonyls; carboxylateanions, carbonyl hydrides and metal nitrosyl compounds.

(iv) Complexes with aromatic systems, synthesis, structure and bonding inmetal olefin complexes, alkyne complexes and cyclopentadienyl


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complexes; coordinative unsaturation, oxidative addition reactions,insertion reactions, fluxional molecules and their characterization;Compounds with metal-metal bonds and metal atom clusters.

14. Main Group Chemistry:Boranes, borazines, phosphazenes and cyclic phosphazene, silicates andsilicones, Interhalogen compounds; Sulphur – nitrogen compounds, noblegas compounds.

15. General Chemistry of ‘f’ Block Elements:Lanthanides and actinides; separation, oxidation states, magnetic and spectralproperties; lanthanide contraction.

PAPER - II1. Delocalised Covalent Bonding:

Aromaticity, anti-aromaticity; annulenes, azulenes, tropolones, fulvenes,sydnones.

2. (i) Reaction Mechanisms: General methods (both kinetic and non-kinetic)of study of mechanism of organic reactions: isotopic method, cross-overexperiment, intermediate trapping, stereochemistry; energy of activation;thermodynamic control and kinetic control of reactions.

(ii) Reactive Intermediates: Generation, geometry, stability and reactionsof carbonium ions and carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes andnitrenes.

(iii) Substitution Reactions: SN1, SN2 and S Ni mechanisms; neighbouringgroup participation; electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions of aromaticcompounds including heterocyclic compounds–pyrrole, furan, thiopheneand indole.

(iv) Elimination Reactions: E1, E2 and E1cb mechanisms; orientation inE2 reactions–Saytzeff and Hoffmann; pyrolytic syn elimination – Chugaevand Cope eliminations.

(v) Addition Reactions: Electrophilic addition to C=C and C=C; nucleophilicaddition to C=0, C=N, conjugated olefins and carbonyls.

(vi) Reactions and Rearrangements: (a) Pinacol-pinacolone, Hoffmann,Beckmann, Baeyer–Villiger, Favorskii, Fries, Claisen, Cope, Stevens andWagner-Meerwein rearrangements.

(b) Aldol condensation, Claisen condensation, Dieckmann, Perkin,Knoevenagel, Witting, Clemmensen, Wolff-Kishner, Cannizzaro and vonRichter reactions; Stobbe, benzoin and acyloin condensations; Fischerindole synthesis, Skraup synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski, Sandmeyer,Reimer-Tiemann and Reformatsky reactions.

3. Pericyclic Reactions:Classification and examples; Woodward-Hoffmann rules – electrocyclicreactions, cycloaddition reactions [2+2 and 4+2] and sigmatropic shifts [1,


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3; 3, 3 and 1, 5] FMO approach.4. (i) Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Organic polymers–

polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, teflon, nylon, terylene, syntheticand natural rubber.(ii) Biopolymers: Structure of proteins, DNA and RNA.

5. Synthetic Uses of Reagents:OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb(OAc)4, SeO2, NBS, B 2H6, Na-Liquid NH3, LiAlH4, NaBH4,n-BuLi and MCPBA.

6. Photochemistry:Photochemical reactions of simple organic compounds, excited and groundstates, singlet and triplet states, Norrish-Type I and Type II reactions.

7. Spectroscopy:Principle and applications in structure elucidation:

(i) Rotational: Diatomic molecules; isotopic substitution and rotationalconstants.

(ii) Vibrational: Diatomic molecules, linear triatomic molecules, specificfrequencies of functional groups in polyatomic molecules.

(iii) Electronic: Singlet and triplet states; n π* and π π* transitions;application to conjugated double bonds and conjugated carbonyls–Woodward-Fieser rules; Charge transfer spectra.

(iv) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR): Basic principle; chemical

shift and spin-spin interaction and coupling constants.(v) Mass Spectrometry: Parent peak, base peak, metastable peak, McLafferty

rearrangement.


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CIVIL ENGINEERINGPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Part-A1. Engineering Mechanics : Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept

of Force, Concept of particle and rigid body. Concurrent, nonconcurrent andparallel forces in a plane, moment of force and Varignon’s theorem, free bodydiagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle of virtual work, equivalent forcesystem.First and Second Moments of area, Mass moment of Inertia.Static Friction Inclined plane and bearings.Kinematics and Kinetics : Kinematics in cartesian and polar co-ordinates, motionunder uniform and nonuniform acceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics ofparticle : Momentum and Energy principles, D ‘Alembert’s Principle, Collisionof elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies, simple harmonic motion.

2. Strength of Materials : Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axiallyloaded compression members, Shear force and bending moment, theory ofsimple bending, Shear Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams ofuniform strength, Leaf spring, Strain Energy in direct stress, bending and shear.Deflection of beams : Macaulay’s method, Mohr’s moment area method,Conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Transmission ofpower, closecoiled helical springs, Elastic stability of columns : Euler’s, Rankine’sand Secant formulae. Principal Stresses and Strains in two dimensions, Mohr’sCircle. Theories of Elastic Failure, Thin and Thick cylinders : Stresses due tointernal and external pressures-Lame’s equation.

3. Structural Analysis : Analysis of pin jointed plane trusses, deflection in trusses.Three hinged and two hinged arches, rib shortening, temperature effects,influence lines in arches. Analysis of propped cantilevers, fixed beams,continuous beams and rigid frames. Slope deflection, moment distribution,,Kani’s method and Matrix method : Force and Displacement methods. Rollingloads and influece lines for determinate beams and pin jointed trusses.

Part-BGeotechnical Engineering: Types of soil, field identification and classification, phaserelationships, consistency limits, particle size distribution, classification of soil,structure and clay mineralogy.Capillary water and structural water, effective stress and pore water pressure, Darcy’sLaw, factors affecting permeability, determination of permeability, permeability ofstratified soil deposits.Seepage pressure, quick sand condition, compressibility and consolidation, Terzaghi’stheory of one dimensional consolidation, consolidation test. Compaction of soil,optimum moisture content, Proctor Density.


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Subsurface exploration, methods of boring, sampling, types of sampler, field tests.Shear strength of soils, Mohr-Coulomb failure theory, shear tests Earth pressure atrest, active and passive pressures, Rankine’s theory, Coulomb’s wedge theory, earthpressure on retaining wall.Bearing capacity, Terzaghi and other important theories, net and gross bearingpressure, Immediate and consolidation settlement.Load carrying capacity of pile groups.Stability of slope-Conventional method of slices, stability numbers.Transporation Engineering : Highway alignment, choice of layout and capacity ofhighways, location survey, geometric design of highways-various elements, curves,grade separation and segregation of traffic, intersection design, highway materialsand testing subgrade and pavement components, types of pavements, road drainage,elements of airport engineering.Railway engineering-elements of permanent track-rails, sleepers, ballast and railfastenings, tractive resistance, elements of geometric design-gradients and gradecompensation on curves, cant transition curves and vertical curves, stresses in railwaytracks, points and crossings, signalling and interlocking, maintenance of railway track.Culverts and small bridges.

Part-C1. Fluid Mechanics: fluid properties, fluid statics, forces on plane and curved surfaces,stability of floating and submerged bodies.2. Kinematics: Velocity, streamlines, continuity equation, accelerations irrotationaland rotational flow, velocity potential and stream functions, flownet, separation.3. Dynamics: Euler’s equation along streamline, control volume equation, continuity,momentum, energy and moment of momentum equation from control volume equation,applications to pipe flow, moving vanes, moment of momentum, Dimensional analysis.Boundary layer on a flat plate, drag and lift on bodies. Laminar and Turbulent Flows.Laminar and turbulent flow through pipes, friction factor variation, pipe networks, waterhammer, and surge tanks.4. Open Channel Flow: Energy and momentum correction factors, uniform andnon-uniform flows, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, Friction factorsand roughness coefficients, flow in transitions, free overfall, weirs, hydraulic jump,surges, gradually varied flow equations, surface profiles, moving hydraulic jump.

Part - DEnvironmental Engineering1. Water Supply: Estimation of surface and subsurface water resources, predictingdemand for water, impurities of water and their significance, physical, chemical andbacteriological analysis, water borne diseases, standards for potable water.1.1 Intake of water: pumping and gravity schemes, water treatment: principles ofcoagulation, flocculation and sedimentation; slow-, rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination,softening, removal of taste, odour and salinity.


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Water storage and distribution: storage and balancing reservoir types, location andcapacity. Distribution systems: layout, hydraulics of pipe lines, pipe fittings, valvesincluding check and pressure reducing valves, meters, analysis of distribution systems,leak detection, maintenance of distribution systems, pumping stations and theiroperations.1.2 Sewerage systems: Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage-separateand combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers, sewer appurtenances,manholes, inlets, juctions, siphon. Plumbing in Public buildings.1.3 Sewage characterisation: BOD, COD, solids, dissloved oxygen, nitrogen andTOC. Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land.1.4 Sewage treatment: Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tank,trickling filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal ofsludge, recycling of waste water.1.5 Construction Management : Elements and principles of Activity on Arrow (AOA)and Activity on Node (AON) networks and work breakdown structure. Interfaces.Ladder networks. Activity time. Time computations and floats. ATC and PTC trade-off. Work study and sampling. Scheduling principles-material schedules. ABC andEOQ analysis of inventory. Budgeting with barcharts. Working capital. PERT, probabilityof completion.Elements of Engineering Economics, methods of appraisal, present worth, annualcost, benefit-cost, incremental analysis. Economy of scale and size. Choosing betweenalternatives including levels of investments. Project profitability.

CIVIL ENGINEERINGPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER – I1. Engineering Mechanics, Strength of Materials and Structural

Analysis:1.1 Engineering Mechanics:

Units and Dimensions, SI Units, Vectors, Concept of Force, Concept of particleand rigid body. Concurrent, Non Concurrent and parallel forces in a plane,moment of force, free body diagram, conditions of equilibrium, Principle ofvirtual work, equivalent force system.First and Second Moment of area, Mass moment of Inertia.Static Friction.Kinematics and Kinetics:Kinematics in Cartesian Co-ordinates, motion under uniform and nonuniformacceleration, motion under gravity. Kinetics of particle: Momentum and Energyprinciples, collision of elastic bodies, rotation of rigid bodies.

1.2 Strength of Materials:Simple Stress and Strain, Elastic constants, axially loaded compressionmembers, Shear force and bending moment, theory of simple bending, Shear


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Stress distribution across cross sections, Beams of uniform strength.Deflection of beams: Macaulay’s method, Mohr’s Moment area method,Conjugate beam method, unit load method. Torsion of Shafts, Elastic stabilityof columns, Euler’s Rankine’s and Secant formulae.

1.3 Structural Analysis:Castiglianio’s theorems I and II, unit load method of consistent deformationapplied to beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection, momentdistribution,Rolling loads and Influences lines: Influences lines for Shear Force andBending moment at a section of beam. Criteria for maximum shear force andbending Moment in beams traversed by a system of moving loads. Influenceslines for simply supported plane pin jointed trusses.Arches: Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening andtemperature effects.Matrix methods of analysis: Force method and displacement method ofanalysis of indeterminate beams and rigid frames.Plastic Analysis of beams and frames: Theory of plastic bending, plasticanalysis, statical method, Mechanism method.Unsymmetrical bending: Moment of inertia, product of inertia, position ofNeutral Axis and Principle axes, calculation of bending stresses.

2. Design of Structures: Steel, Concrete and Masonry Structures:2.1 Structural Steel Design:

Structural Steel: Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and weldedjoints and connections. Design of tension and compression member, beamsof built up section, riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheonswith battens and lacings.

2.2 Design of Concrete and Masonry Structures:Concept of mix design. Reinforced Concrete: Working Stress and Limit Statemethod of design–Recommendations of I.S. codes Design of one way andtwo way slabs, stair-case slabs, simple and continuous beams of rectangular,T and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or withouteccentricity,Cantilever and Counter fort type retaining walls.Water tanks: Design requirements for Rectangular and circular tanks restingon ground.Prestressed concrete: Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages,Analysis and design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss ofprestress.Design of brick masonry as per I.S. Codes

3. Fluid Mechanics, Open Channel Flow and Hydraulic Machines:3.1 Fluid Mechanics:


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Fluid properties and their role in fluid motion, fluid statics including forcesacting on plane and curved surfaces.Kinematics and Dynamics of Fluid flow: Velocity and accelerations, streamlines, equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potentialand stream functions.Continuity, momentum and energy equation, Navier-Stokes equation, Euler’sequation of motion, application to fluid flow problems, pipe flow, sluice gates,weirs.

3.2 Dimensional Analysis and Similitude:Luckingham’s Pi-theorem, dimensionless parameters.

3.3 Laminar Flow:Laminar flow between parallel, stationary and moving plates, flow through tube.

3.4 Boundary layer:Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub layer, smoothand rough boundaries, drag and lift.Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocitydistribution and variation of pipe friction factor, hydraulic grade line and totalenergy line.

3.5 Open channel flow:Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction factors,specific energy and specific force, critical depth, rapidly varied flow, hydraulicjump, gradually varied flow, classification of surface profiles, control section,step method of integration of varied flow equation.

3.6 Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower:Hydraulic turbines, types classification, Choice of turbines, performanceparameters, controls, characteristics, specific speed.Principles of hydropower development.

4. Geotechnical Engineering:Soil Type and structure – gradation and particle size distribution – consistencylimits.Water in soil – capillary and structural – effective stress and pore waterpressure – permeability concept – field and laboratory determination ofpermeability – Seepage pressure – quick sand conditions – Shear strengthdetermination – Mohr Coulomb concept.Compaction of soil – Laboratory and field tests.Compressibility and consolidation concept – consolidation theory –consolidation settlement analysis.Earth pressure theory and analysis for retaining walls, Application for sheetpiles and Braced excavation.Bearing capacity of soil – approaches for analysis – Field tests – settlement


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analysis – stability of slope of earth walk.Subsurface exploration of soils – methodsFoundation – Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures –Design criteria for foundation – Analysis of distribution of stress for footingsand pile – pile group action-pile load test.Ground improvement techniques.

PAPER - II1. Construction Technology, Equipment, Planning and Management:1.1 Construction Technology:

Engineering Materials:Physical properties of construction materials with respect to their use inconstruction - Stones, Bricks and Tiles; Lime, Cement, different types ofMortars and Concrete.Specific use of ferro cement, fibre reinforced C.C, High strength concrete.Timber, properties and defects - common preservation treatments.Use and selection of materials for specific use like Low Cost Housing, MassHousing, High Rise Buildings.

1.2 Construction:Masonry principles using Brick, stone, Blocks – construction detailing andstrength characteristics.Types of plastering, pointing, flooring, roofing and construction features.common repairs in buildings.Principles of functional planning of building for residents and specific use -Building code provisions.Basic principles of detailed and approximate estimating - specification writingand rate analysis – principles of valuation of real property.Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their specific uses – Factors affectingselection of equipments – operating cost of Equipments.

1.3 Construction Planning and Management:Construction activity – schedules- organization for construction industry –Quality assurance principles.Use of Basic principles of network – analysis in form of CPM and PERT –their use in construction monitoring, Cost optimization and resource allocation.Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods.Project profitability – Basic principles of Boot approach to financial planning– simple toll fixation criterions.

2. Surveying and Transportation Engineering2.1 Surveying:

Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement for


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CE work – their use in plane table, traverse survey, leveling work, triangulation,contouring and topographical map.Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote sensing.

2.2 Railway Engineering:Permanent way – components, types and their functions – Functions andDesign constituents of turn and crossings – Necessity of geometric designof track – Design of station and yards.

2.3 Highway Engineering:Principles of Highway alignments – classification and geometrical designelements and standards for Roads.Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements - Design principles andmethodology of pavements.Typical construction methods and standards of materials for stabilized soil,WBM, Bituminous works and CC roads.Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads - culvert structures.Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.Traffic surveys and their applications in traffic planning - Typical design featuresfor channelized, intersection, rotary etc – signal designs – standard Trafficsigns and markings.

3. Hydrology, Water Resources and Engineering:3.1 Hydrology:

Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, infiltration,overland flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analysis, flood routing through areservoir, channel flow routing-Muskingam method.

3.2 Ground water flow:Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability, confined andunconfined equifers, aquifers, aquitards, radial flow into a well under confinedand unconfined conditions.

3.3 Water Resources Engineering:Ground and surface water resource, single and multipurpose projects, storagecapacity of reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation.

3.4 Irrigation Engineering:(i) Water requirements of crops: consumptive use, duty and delta,

irrigation methods and their efficiencies.(ii) Canals: Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal

losses, alignment of main and distributory canals, most efficientsection, lined canals, their design, regime theory, critical shear stress,bed load.

(iii) Water logging: causes and control, salinity.(iv) Canal structures: Design of, head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts,


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metering flumes and canal outlets.(v) Diversion headwork: Principles and design of weirs of permeable

and impermeable foundation, Khosla’s theory, energy dissipation.(vi) Storage works: Types of dams, design, principles of rigid gravity,

stability analysis.(vii) Spillways: Spillway types, energy dissipation.

(viii) River training: Objectives of river training, methods of rivertraining.

4. Environmental Engineering:4.1 Water Supply:

Predicting demand for water, impurities, of water and their significance,physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases,standards for potable water.

4.2 Intake of water:Water treatment: principles of coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation;slow-; rapid-, pressure-, filters; chlorination, softening, removal of taste, odourand salinity.

4.3 Sewerage systems:Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage–separate and combinedsystems, flow through sewers, design of sewers.

4.4 Sewage characterization:BOD, COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC. Standards of disposalin normal watercourse and on land.

4.5 Sewage treatment:Working principles, units, chambers, sedimentation tanks, trickling filters,oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge,recycling of wastewater.

4.6 Solid waste:Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts, management of long-term ill effects.

5. Environmental pollution:Sustainable development. Radioactive wastes and disposal. Environmentalimpact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects. Airpollution. Pollution control acts.


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COMMERCEPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Part-IAccounting and Auditing ; Accounting

Nature, Scope and Objectives of Accounting-Accounting as an Information System-Users of Accounting Information.Generally Accepted Principles of Accounting-The Accounting Equation-AccrualConcept-Other concepts and conventions, Distinction between capital and revenueexpenditure. Accounting Standards and their application-Accounting standards relatingto fixed assets, depreciation, inventory, recognition of revenue.Final Accounts of Sole Proprietors, Partnership Firms and Limited Companies-Statutory Provisions -Reserves, Provisions and Funds.Final Accounts of non profit organisation.Accounting problems related to admission and retirement of a partner and dissolutionof a firm.Accounting for Shares and Debentures- Accounting Treatment of ConvertibleDebentures.Analysis and Interpretation of Financial Statements Ratio analysis and interpretation.Ratios relation to short term liquidity, long term solvency and profitability-Importanceof the rate of return on investment (ROI) in evaluating the overall performance of abusiness entity-Cash-flow Statement and Statement of Source and Application ofFunds-Societal obligations of Accounting.Auditing- Nature, objectives and basic principles of auditing.- Techniques of Auditing-physical verification, examination of documents and vouching, direct confirmation, analytical review.- Planning an audit, audit programmes, working papers, audit process.- Evaluation of internal controls.- Test checking and sampling.- Broad outlines of company audit.- Audit of non-corporate enterprises.- Internal and management audit.

Part-IIBusiness OrganisationDistinctive features of different forms of business organisation.Sole ProprietorPartnerships-characteristics, Registration, Partnership deed, Rights and duties,Retirement, Dissolution.Joint Stock Company-Concept, characteristics, types.


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Cooperative and State ownership forms of organizations.Types of securities and methods of their issue.Economic functions of the capital market, stock exchanges, Mutual Funds.Control and regulation of capital market.Business combinations; control of Monopolies. Problems of modernisation of industrialenterprises. Social Responsibility of business.Foreign Trade-Procedure and financing of import and export trade. Incentives for exportpromotion. Financing of foreign trade.Insurance-Principles and practice of Life, Fire, Marine and General Insurance.ManagementManagement functions-Planning-strategies, Organising-levels of authority Staffing,Line function and staff function, Leadership, Communication, Motivation.Directing-Principles, Strategies.Coordination-Concept, types, methods.Control-principles, performance standards, corrective action. Salary and wageadministration-Job evaluation.Organisation Structure-Centralization and decentralization-Delegation of authority-spanof control-Management by Objectives and Management by Exception.Management of change; Crisis Management.Office Management-scope and principles; systems and routines; handling of records-modern aids to Office management; office equipment and machines; Automation andPersonal computers.Impact of Organisation and Methods (O & M)Company LawJoint stock companies-incorporation; documents and formalities-Doctrine of indoormanagement and constructive notice.Duties and powers of the board of directors of a company.Accounts and Audit of Companies.Company Secretary-role and functions-qualifications for appointment.

Commerce & Accountancy - Optionalof Part B - Main Examination of Civil Services Exam

PAPER - IAccounting and FinanceAccounting, Taxation & Auditing1. Financial Accounting:

Accounting as a Financial Information System; Impact of BehaviouralSciences. Accounting Standards e.g., Accounting for Depreciation, Inventories,Research and Development Costs, Long-term Construction Contracts,Revenue Recognition, Fixed Assets, Contingencies, Foreign ExchangeTransactions, Investments and Government Grants, Cash Flow Statement,


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Earnings Per Share.Accounting for Share Capital Transactions including Bonus Shares, RightShares,Employees Stock Option and Buy- Back of Securities.Preparation and Presentation of Company Final Accounts.Amalgamation, Absorption and Reconstruction of Companies.

2. Cost Accounting:Nature and Functions of Cost Accounting. Installation of Cost AccountingSystem. Cost Concepts related to Income Measurement, Profit Planning,Cost Control and Decision Making.Methods of Costing: Job Costing, Process Costing, Activity Based Costing.Volume – cost – Profit Relationship as a tool of Profit Planning.Incremental Analysis/ Differential Costing as a Tool of Pricing Decisions,Product Decisions, Make or Buy Decisions, Shut-Down Decisions etc.

Techniques of Cost Control and Cost Reduction: Budgeting as a Tool ofPlanning and Control. Standard Costing and Variance Analysis.Responsibility Accounting and Divisional Performance Measurement.

3. Taxation:Income Tax: Definitions; Basis of Charge; Incomes which do not form Part ofTotal Income. Simple problems of Computation of Income (of Individuals only)under Various Heads, i.e., Salaries, Income from House Property, Profitsand Gains from Business or Profession, Capital Gains, Income from othersources, Income of other Persons included in Assessee’s Total Income Set- Off and Carry Forward of Loss.Deductions from Gross Total Income.Salient Features/Provisions Related to VAT and Services Tax.

4. Auditing:Company Audit: Audit related to Divisible Profits, Dividends, Specialinvestigations, Tax audit.Audit of Banking, Insurance, Non-Profit Organizations and Charitable Societies/ Trusts / Organizations.

Financial Management, Financial Institutions and Markets1. Financial Management:

Finance Function: Nature, Scope and Objectives of Financial Management:Risk and Return Relationship.Tools of Financial Analysis: Ratio Analysis, Funds-Flow and Cash-FlowStatement.Capital Budgeting Decisions: Process, Procedures and Appraisal Methods.Risk and Uncertainty Analysis and Methods.


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Cost of capital: Concept, Computation of Specific Costs and Weighted AverageCost of Capital. CAPM as a Tool of Determining Cost of Equity Capital.Financing Decisions: Theories of Capital Structure - Net Income (NI) Approach,Net Operating Income (NOI) Approach, MM Approach and TraditionalApproach. Designing of Capital structure: Types of Leverages (Operating,Financial and Combined), EBIT- EPS Analysis, and other Factors.

Dividend Decisions and Valuation of Firm: Walter’s Model, MM Thesis,Gordan’s Model Lintner’s Model. Factors Affecting Dividend Policy.Working Capital Management: Planning of Working Capital. Determinants ofWorking Capital. Components of Working Capital - Cash, Inventory andReceivables.Corporate Restructuring with focus on Mergers and Acquisitions (Financialaspects only)

2. Financial Markets and Institutions:Indian Financial System: An OverviewMoney Markets: Participants, Structure and Instruments. Commercial Banks.Reforms in Banking sector. Monetary and Credit Policy of RBI. RBI as aRegulator.Capital Market: Primary and Secondary Market. Financial Market Instrumentsand Innovative Debt Instruments; SEBI as a Regulator.Financial Services: Mutual Funds, Venture Capital, Credit Rating Agencies,Insurance and IRDA.

PAPER – IIOrganisation Theory and Behaviour, Human Resource

Management and Industrial Relations

Organisation Theory and Behaviour1. Organisation Theory:

Nature and Concept of Organisation; External Environment of Organizations-Technological, Social, Political, Economical and Legal; Organizational Goals- Primary and Secondary goals, Single and Multiple Goals; Management byObjectives.Evolution of Organisation Theory: Classical, Neo-classical and SystemsApproach.Modern Concepts of Organisation Theory: Organisational Design,Organisational Structure and Organisational Culture.Organisational Design–Basic Challenges; Differentiation and IntegrationProcess; Centralization and Decentralization Process; Standardization /Formalization and Mutual Adjustment. Coordinating Formal and Informal


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Organizations. Mechanistic and Organic Structures.Designing Organizational structures–Authority and Control; Line and StaffFunctions, Specialization and Coordination. Types of Organization Structure–Functional. Matrix Structure, Project Structure. Nature and Basis of Power, Sources of Power, Power Structure and Politics. Impact of InformationTechnology on Organizational Design and Structure.Managing Organizational Culture.

2. Organisation Behaviour:Meaning and Concept; Individual in organizations: Personality, Theories, andDeterminants; Perception - Meaning and Process.Motivation: Concepts, Theories and Applications. Leadership-Theories andStyles. Quality of Work Life (QWL): Meaning and its impact on Performance,Ways of its Enhancement. Quality Circles (QC) – Meaning and theirImportance. Management of Conflicts in Organizations. TransactionalAnalysis, Organizational Effectiveness, Management of Change.

Human Resources Management and Industrial Relations1. Human Resources Management (HRM):

Meaning, Nature and Scope of HRM, Human Resource Planning, Job Analysis,Job Description, Job Specification, Recruitment Process, Selection Process,Orientation and Placement, Training and Development Process, PerformanceAppraisal and 360° Feed Back, Salary and Wage Administration, JobEvaluation, Employee Welfare, Promotions, Transfers and Separations.

2. Industrial Relations (IR):Meaning, Nature, Importance and Scope of IR, Formation of Trade Unions,Trade Union Legislation, Trade Union Movement in India. Recognition of TradeUnions, Problems of Trade Unions in India. Impact of Liberalization on TradeUnion Movement.Nature of Industrial Disputes : Strikes and Lockouts , Causes of Disputes,Prevention and Settlement of Disputes.Worker’s Participation in Management: Philosophy, Rationale, Present DayStatus and Future Prospects.Adjudication and Collective Bargaining.Industrial Relations in Public Enterprises, Absenteeism and Labor Turnoverin Indian Industries and their Causes and Remedies.ILO and its Functions.


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ECONOMICS - OPTIONALPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Part - IGeneral Economics1. Micro-economics : (a) Production : Agents of Production; Costs and Supply;

Isoquants (b) Consumption and Demand; Elasticity concept (c) Market Structureand concepts of equilibrium; (d) Determination of prices; (e) Components andTheories of Distribution (f) Elementary concepts of Welfare economics : Pareto-optimality-Private and social products-consumers surplus.

2. Macro-economics : (a) National Income concepts; (b) Determinants of NationalIncome Employment (c) Determinants of consumption, savings and Investment(d) Rate of Interest and its determination (e) Interest and profit.

3. Money, Banking and Public Finance : (a) Concepts of Money and measuresof money supply; velocity of money (b) Banks and credit creation; Banks andportfolio management. (c) Central Bank and control over money supply (d)Determination of the price level. (e) Inflation, its causes and remedies. (f) Public,Finance-Budgets-Taxes and non-tax revenues-Types of Budget deficits.

4. International Economics : (a) Theories of International Trade-comparativecosts-Heckscher-Ohlin-Gains from Trade-Terms of Trade. (b) Free Trade andProtection. (c) Balance of Payments accounts and Adjustment. (d) Exchangerate under free exchange markets. (e) Evolution of the International MonetarySystem and World Trading order-Gold Standard-the Brettonwoods system.

IMF and the World Bank and their associates.Floating rates-GATT and WTO

5. Growth and Development : (a) Meaning and measurement of growth; Growth,distribution and Welfare; (b) Characteristics of underdevelopment; (c) Stages ofDevelopment; (d) Sources of growth-capital, Human capital, population,productivity, Trade and aid, non-economic factors; growth Strategies, (e) Planningin a mixed economy-Indicative planning-Planning and growth.

6. Economic Statistics : Types of averages-measures of dispersion-correlation-Index numbers; types, uses and limitations.

Part - IIIndian Economics1. Main features; Geographic size-Endowment of natural resources, Population;

size, composition quality and growth trend-Occupational distribution-Effects ofBritish Rule with reference to Drain theory and Laissez Faire policy.

2. Major problems, their dimensions, nature and broad causes; Mass poverty-Unemployment and its types-Economics effects of population pressure-Inequality and types thereof-Low productivity and low per capita income, Rural-urban disparities-Foreign Trade and payments imbalances. Balance of Payments


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and External Debt- Inflation, and parallel economy and its effects-Fiscal deficit.3. Growth in income and employment since Independence-Rate, Pattern, Sectoral

trends-Distributional Changes-Regional disparities.4. Economic Planning in India : Major controversies on planning in India-Alternative

strategies-goals and achievements, shortfalls of different plans-planning andthe Market.

5. Broad Fiscal, monetary, industrial trade and agricultural policies-objectives,rationale, constraints and effects.

ECONOMICSPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER – I1. Advanced Micro Economics:

(a) Marshallian and Walrasiam Approaches to Price determination.(b) Alternative Distribution Theories: Ricardo, Kaldor, Kaleeki(c) Markets Structure: Monopolistic Competition, Duopoly, Oligopoly.(d) Modern Welfare Criteria: Pareto Hicks & Scitovsky, Arrow’s Impossibility

Theorem, A.K. Sen’s Social Welfare Function. 2. Advanced Macro Economics:

Approaches to Employment Income and Interest Rate determination:Classical, Keynes (IS-LM) curve, Neo classical synthesis and New classical,Theories of Interest Rate determination and Interest Rate Structure.

3. Money - Banking and Finance:(a) Demand for and Supply of Money: Money Multiplier Quantity Theory

of Money (Fisher, Pique and Friedman) and Keyne’s Theory onDemand for Money, Goals and Instruments of Monetary Managementin Closed and Open Economies. Relation between the Central Bankand the Treasury. Proposal for ceiling on growth rate of money.

(b) Public Finance and its Role in Market Economy: In stabilization ofsupply, allocation of resources and in distribution and development.Sources of Govt. revenue, forms of Taxes and Subsidies, theirincidence and effects. Limits to taxation, loans, crowding-out effectsand limits to borrowings. Public Expenditure and its effects.

4. International Economics:(a) Old and New Theories of International Trade

(i) Comparative Advantage(ii) Terms of Trade and Offer Curve.(iii) Product Cycle and Strategic Trade Theories.(iv) Trade as an engine of growth” and theories of under

development in an open economy.(b) Forms of Protection: Tariff and quota.


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(c) Balance of Payments Adjustments: Alternative Approaches.(i) Price versus income, income adjustments under fixed

exchange rates,(ii) Theories of Policy Mix(iii) Exchange rate adjustments under capital mobility(iv) Floating Rates and their Implications for Developing

Countries: Currency Boards.(v) Trade Policy and Developing Countries.(vi) BOP, adjustments and Policy Coordination in open economy

macro-model.(vii) Speculative attacks(viii) Trade Blocks and Monetary Unions.(ix) WTO: TRIMS, TRIPS, Domestic Measures, Different Rounds

of WTO talks.5. Growth and Development:

(a) (i) Theories of growth: Harrod’s model,(ii) Lewis model of development with surplus labour(iii) Balanced and Unbalanced growth,(iv) Human Capital and Economic Growth.(v) Research and Development and Economic Growth

(b) Process of Economic Development of Less developed countries:Myrdal and Kuzments on economic development and structuralchange: Role of Agriculture in Economic Development of lessdeveloped countries.

(c) Economic development and International Trade and Investment, Roleof Multinationals.

(d) Planning and Economic Development: changing role of Markets andPlanning, Private- Public Partnership

(e) Welfare indicators and measures of growth – Human DevelopmentIndices. The basic needs approach.

(f) Development and Environmental Sustainability – Renewable and NonRenewable Resources, Environmental Degradation, Intergenerationalequity development.

PAPER – II1. Indian Economy in Pre-Independence Era:

Land System and its changes, Commercialization of agriculture, Drain theory,Laissez faire theory and critique. Manufacture and Transport: Jute, Cotton,Railways, Money and Credit.

2. Indian Economy after Independence:A The Pre Liberalization Era:


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(i) Contribution of Vakil, Gadgil and V.K.R.V. Rao.(ii) Agriculture: Land Reforms and land tenure system,

Green Revolution and capital formation in agriculture,(iii) Industry Trends in composition and growth, Role of public and private

sector, Small scale and cottage industries.(iv) National and Per capita income: patterns, trends, aggregate and Sectoral

composition and changes their in.(v) Broad factors determining National Income and distribution, Measures of

poverty, Trends in poverty and inequality.B The Post Liberalization Era:(i) New Economic Reform and Agriculture: Agriculture and WTO, Food

processing, Subsidies, Agricultural prices and public distributionsystem, Impact of public expenditure on agricultural growth.

(ii) New Economic Policy and Industry: Strategy of industrialization,Privatization, Disinvestments, Role of foreign direct investment andmultinationals.

(iii) New Economic Policy and Trade: Intellectual property rights:Implications of TRIPS, TRIMS, GATS and new EXIM policy.

(iv) New Exchange Rate Regime: Partial and full convertibility, Capitalaccount convertibility.

(v) New Economic Policy and Public Finance: Fiscal ResponsibilityAct, Twelfth Finance Commission and Fiscal Federalism and FiscalConsolidation.

(vi) New Economic Policy and Monetary system. Role of RBI under thenew regime.

(vii) Planning: From central Planning to indicative planning, Relationbetween planning and markets for growth and decentralized planning:73rd and 74 th Constitutional amendments.

(viii) New Economic Policy and Employment: Employment and poverty,Rural wages, Employment Generation, Poverty alleviation schemes,New Rural, Employment Guarantee Scheme.


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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1. Electrical Circuits-Theory and ApplicationsCircuit components, network graphs, KCL, KVL; circuit analysis methods : nodalanalysis, mesh analysis; basic network theorems and applications; transient analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidal steady state analysis; resonant circuits andapplications; coupled circuits and applications; balanced 3-phase circuits. Two portnetworks, driving point and transfer functions; poles and zeros of network functions.2. Signals & SystemsRepresentation of continuous-time and discrete-time signals & system’s ; LTI systems;convolution; impulse response; time-domain analysis of LTI systems based onconvolution and differential/difference equations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform,Z-transform, Transfer function. Sampling and recovery of signals.3. Control SystemsElements of control systems; block-diagram representations; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applications of feed-back. LTI systems : time domainand transform domain analysis. Stability : Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Nyquist’scriterion. Bode-plots, Design of lead-lag compensators; Proportional, PI, PIDcontrollers.4. E.M. TheoryElectro-static and magneto-static fields; Maxwell’s equations; e.m. waves and waveequations; wave propagation and antennas; transmission lines; micro-wave resonators,cavities and wave guides.5. Electrical Engineering MaterialsElectrical/electronic behaviour of materials : conductivity; free-electrons and band-theory; intrinsic and extrinsic semi-conductor, p-n junction; solar cells, super-conductivity. Dielectric behaviour of materials : polarization phenomena; piezo-electricphenomena. Magnetic materials: behaviour and application.6. Analog ElectronicsDiode circuits: rectifiers filters, clipping and clamping, zener diode and voltageregulation. Bipolar and field effect transistors (BJT, JFET and MOSFET) : Characteristics,biasing and small signal equivalent circuits. Basic amplifier circuits; differential amplifiercircuits. Amplifiers : analysis, frequency response. Principles of feedback; OPAMPcircuits; filters; oscillators.7. Digital ElectronicsBoolean algebra; minimisation of Boolean function; logic gates, digital IC families(DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinational circuits : arithmetic circuits, codeconverters, multiplexers and decoder’s. Sequential circuits : latches and flip-flops,counters and shift-registers. Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and holdcircuits; ADCs and DACs. Semiconductor memories.


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8. Communication SystemsFourier analysis of signals : amplitude, phase and power spectrum, auto-correlationand cross-correlation and their Fourier transforms. Analog modulation systems :amplitude and angle modulation and demodulation systems, spectral analysis;superheterodyne receivers. Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential PCM, deltamodulation. Digital modulation schemes : amplitude, phase and frequency shift keyingschemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Multiplexing : time-division, frequency-division. AdditiveGaussian noise : characterization using correlation, probability density function, powerspectral density, Signal-to-noise ratio calculations for AM and FM. Elements of digitalcommunication systems : source coding, channel coding; digital modulation &demodulation. Elements of Information theory, channel capacity. Elements of satelliteand mobile communication; principles of television engineering; radar engineeringand radio aids to navigation.9. Computers and MicroprocessorsComputer organization : number representation and arithmetic, functional organization,machine instructions, addressing modes, ALU, hardwired and microprogrammedcontrol, memory organization. Elements of microprocessors : 8-bit microprocessors-architecture, instruction set, assembly level programming, memory, I/O interfacing,microcontrollers and applications.10. Measurement and InstrumentationError analysis; measurement of current voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance,inductance, capacitance and frequency; bridge measurements. Electronic measuringinstruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyser, distortion-meter. Transducers: thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-guages, piezo-electric crystal. Use of transducers in measurement of non-electricalquantities. Data-acquisition systems.11. Energy ConversionSingle-phase transformer : equivalent circuit, phasor-diagram, tests, regulation andefficiency; three-phase transformer; auto transformer. Principles of energy conversion-d.c. generators and motors: Performers characteristics, starting and speed controlarmature reaction and commutation; three-phase induction motor; performancecharacteristics, starting and speed control. Single-phase induction motor. Synchronousgenerators: performance characteristics, regulation, parallel operation. Synchronousmotors: starting characteristics, applications; synchronous condensor. FHP motors,permanent magnet and stepper motors, brushless d.c. motors, single-phase motors.12. Power SystemsElectric power generation : thermal, hydro, nuclear. Transmission line parameters:steady-state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables. Distributionsystems : insulators, bundle conductors, corona and radio interference effects; per-unit quantities; bus admittance and impedance matrices; load flow; voltage controland power factor correction. Economic operation. Principles of over current, differentialand distance protection; solid state relays, circuit breakers, concept of system stability.


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HVDC transmission.13. Power Electronics and Electric DrivesSemiconductor power devices : diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET,static characteristics, principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase controlledrectifiers; bridge converters-fully controlled and half controlled; principles of thyristorchopper and inverter. Basic concept of speed control of DC and AC motor drives.14. Elements of IC Fabrication TechnologyOverview of IC Technology. Unit steps used in IC fabrication : wafer cleaning, photo-lithography, wet and dry etching, oxidation, diffusion, ion-implantation, CVD and LPCVDtechniques for deposition of poly-silicon, silicon, silicon-pnitride and silicon dioxide;metallisation and passivation.

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERINGPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1. Circuit Theory: Circuit components; network graphs; KCL, KVL; circuit

analysis methods: nodal analysis, mesh analysis; basic network theoremsand applications; transient analysis: RL, RC and RLC circuits; sinusoidalsteady state analysis; resonant circuits; coupled circuits; balanced 3-phasecircuits; Two-port networks.

2. Signals & Systems: Representation of continuous–time and discrete-timesignals & systems; LTI systems; convolution; impulse response; time-domainanalysis of LTI systems based on convolution and differential/differenceequations. Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform, Transfer function.Sampling and recovery of signals DFT, FFT Processing of analog signalsthrough discrete-time systems.

3. E.M. Theory: Maxwell’s equations, wave propagation in bounded media.Boundary conditions, reflection and refraction of plane waves. Transmissionline: travelling and standing waves, impedance matching, Smith chart.

4. Analog Electronics: Characteristics and equivalent circuits (large and small-signal) of Diode, BJT, JFET and MOSFET. Diode circuits: clipping, clamping,rectifier. Biasing and bias stability. FET amplifiers. Current mirror; Amplifiers:single and multi-stage, differential, operational, feedback and power. Analysisof amplifiers; frequency-response of amplifiers. OPAMP circuits. Filters;sinusoidal oscillators: criterion for oscillation; single-transistor and OPAMPconfigurations. Function generators and wave-shaping circuits. Linear andswitching power supplies.

5. Digital Electronics: Boolean algebra; minimization of Boolean functions;logic gates; digital IC families (DTL, TTL, ECL, MOS, CMOS). Combinationalcircuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers and decoders.Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers.Comparators, timers, multivibrators. Sample and hold circuits, ADCs and


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DACs. Semiconductor memories. Logic implementation using programmabledevices (ROM, PLA, FPGA).

6. Energy Conversion: Principles of electromechanical energy conversion:Torque and emf in rotating machines. DC machines: characteristics andperformance analysis; starting and speed control of motors; Transformers:principles of operation and analysis; regulation, efficiency; 3-phasetransformers. 3-phase induction machines and synchronous machines:characteristics and preformance analysis; speed control.

7. Power Electronics and Electric Drives: Semiconductor power devices:diode, transistor, thyristor, triac, GTO and MOSFET–static characteristicsand principles of operation; triggering circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridgeconverters: fully-controlled and half-controlled; principles of thyristor choppersand inverters; DC-DC converters; Switch mode inverter; basic concepts ofspeed control of dc and ac motor drives applications of variable-speed drives.

8. Analog Communication: Random variables: continuous, discrete;probability, probability functions. Statistical averages; probability models;Random signals and noise: white noise, noise equivalent bandwidth; signaltransmission with noise; signal to noise ratio. Linear CW modulation:Amplitude modulation: DSB, DSB-SC and SSB. Modulators andDemodulators; Phase and Frequency modulation: PM & FM signals;narrowband FM; generation & detection of FM and PM, Deemphasis,Preemphasis. CW modulation system: Superhetrodyne receivers, AMreceivers, communication receivers, FM receivers, phase locked loop, SSBreceiver Signal to noise ratio calculation for AM and FM receivers.

PAPER - II

1. Control Systems: Elements of control systems; block-diagramrepresentation; open-loop & closed-loop systems; principles and applicationsof feed-back. Control system components. LTI systems: time-domain andtransform-domain analysis. Stability: Routh Hurwitz criterion, root-loci, Bode-plots and polar plots, Nyquist’s criterion; Design of lead-lad compensators.Proportional, PI, PID controllers. State-variable representation and analysisof control systems.

2. Microprocessors and Microcomputers: PC organisation; CPU, instructionset, register set, timing diagram, programming, interrupts, memory interfacing,I/O interfacing, programmable peripheral devices.

3. Measurement and Instrumentation: Error analysis; measurement ofcurrent, voltage, power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance,capacitance and frequency; bridge measurement. Signal conditioning circuit;Electronic measuring instruments: multimeter, CRO, digital voltmeter,frequency counter, Q-meter, spectrum-analyzer, distortion-meter. Transducers:thermocouple, thermistor, LVDT, strain-gauge, piezo-electric crystal.


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4. Power Systems: Analysis and Control: Steady-state performance ofoverhead transmission lines and cables; principles of active and reactivepower transfer and distribution; per-unit quantities; bus admittance andimpedance matrices; load flow; voltage control and power factor correction;economic operation; symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical andunsymmetrical faults. Concept of system stability: swing curves and equalarea criterion. Static VAR system. Basic concepts of HVDC transmission.

5. Power System Protection:Principles of overcurrent, differential and distance protection. Concept of solidstate relays. Circuit breakers. Computer aided protection: Introduction; linebus, generator, transformer protection; numeric relays and application of DSPto protection.

6. Digital Communication:Pulse code modulation (PCM), differential pulse code modulation (DPCM),delta modulation (DM), Digital modulation and demodulation schemes:amplitude, phase and frequency keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK). Errorcontrol coding: error detection and correction, linear block codes, convolutioncodes. Information measure and source coding. Data networks, 7-layerarchitecture.


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GEOGRAPHYPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Section-APhysical Georgraphy

i) GeomorphologyOrigin of the earth; Geological Time Scale; Interior of the earth; Types andcharacteristics of rocks; Folding and Faulting; Volcanoes; Earthquakes;Weathering; Landforms caused by fluvial, aeolian and glacial actions.

ii) ClimatologyStructure and composition of atmosphere; Temperature; Pressure belts andWind systems; Clouds and rainfall types; Cyclones and anti-cyclones; Majorclimatic types.

iii) OceanographyOcean relief; Temperature; Salinity; Ocean deposits; Ocean currents, El Ninoand La Nino; Waves and tides.

iv) BiogeographyOrigin and types of soils; Major biomes of the world; Ecosystem and foodchain; Environmental degradation and conservation.

Section-BHuman Geography

i) Man and Environment RelationshipGrowth and development of Human Geography; Concepts of Determinism andPossibilism.

ii) PopulationRaces of mankind and tribes; growth and distribution of world population;migration; population problems of developed and developing countries.

iii) Economic ActivitiesFood gathering and hunting; pastoral herding; fishing and forestry; Types ofagriculture-shifting, subsistence, commercial and plantation; Mining, Power;Manufacturing -locational factors of textile, iron and steel, sugar and fertilizerindustries; Tertiary activities-trade, transport, communication and services.

iv) SettlementsOrigin, types and patterns of rural settlements; Processes of urbanisation;morphology and functional classification of towns; million-cities and mega-cities.

Section-CGeography of the World

i) Major Natural Regions : Characteristics, economic base and human adaptation.ii) Regional Geography of Developed Countries : Canada, U.S.A., Western Europe,

Russia, Japan, Australia and New Zealand.


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iii) Regional Geography of Developing Countries : S.E. Asia, S.W. Asia, China,Southern Africa and Brazil.

iv) Regional Geography of South Asia.Section-D

Geography of Indiai) Physical Setting

Landforms, drainage, climate, soils and natural vegetation.ii) Economic Base

Minerals & energy resources, aquatic resources, forest resources; irrigation,agriculture and industries; trade and commerce.

iii) PopulationGrowth, distribution and density; demographic characteristics.

iv) Environmental problems, developmental issues and regional planning.Section-E

Geographical Thoughti) Ancient Period : Contributions of Indians, Greeks, Romans and Arabs.ii) Pre-Modern Period : Contribution of Verenius, Kant, Humboldt and Ritter.iii) Modern Period : Dichotomy of determinism and possibilism; contributions of

Ratzel, Semple, Huntington and La Blache.iv) Recent Period : Quantitive Revolution; Radicalism, Behaviouralism and

Humanism.Section-F

Techniques of Geographical Analysisi) Maps : Scale and types, uses.ii) Diagrams : Types and usesiii) Projections : Types, characteristics and uses.iv) Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) : Aerial

photographs and imagery, GIS.GEOGRAPHY - OPTIONAL

OF PART B - MAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAMPAPER - I

PRINCIPLES OF GEOGRAPHYPhysical Geography

1. Geomorphology: Factors controlling landform development; endogeneticand exogenetic forces; Origin and evolution of the earth’s crust; Fundamentalsof geomagnetism; Physical conditions of the earth’s interior; Geosynclines;Continental drift; Isostasy; Plate tectonics; Recent views on mountain building;Vulcanicity; Earthquakes and Tsunamis; Concepts of geomorphic cyclesand Landscape development ; Denudation chronology; Channel morphology;Erosion surfaces; Slope development ; Applied Geomorphology :


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Geohydrology, economic geology and environment. 2. Climatology: Temperature and pressure belts of the world; Heat budget of

the earth; Atmospheric circulation; atmospheric stability and instability.Planetary and local winds; Monsoons and jet streams; Air masses and frontogenesis, Temperate and tropical cyclones; Types and distribution ofprecipitation; Weather and Climate; Koppen’s, Thornthwaite’s and Trewartha’sclassification of world climates; Hydrological cycle; Global climatic changeand role and response of man in climatic changes, Applied climatology andUrban climate.

3. Oceanography: Bottom topography of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans;Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Heat and salt budgets, Oceandeposits; Waves, currents and tides; Marine resources: biotic, mineral andenergy resources; Coral reefs, coral bleaching; sea-level changes; law of thesea and marine pollution.

4. Biogeography: Genesis of soils; Classification and distribution of soils;Soil profile; Soil erosion, Degradation and conservation; Factors influencingworld distribution of plants and animals; Problems of deforestation andconservation measures; Social forestry; agro-forestry; Wild life; Major genepool centres.

5. Environmental Geography: Principle of ecology; Human ecologicaladaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regionalecological changes and imbalances; Ecosystem their management andconservation; Environmental degradation, management and conservation;Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policy; Environmentalhazards and remedial measures; Environmental education and legislation.

Human Geography: 1. Perspectives in Human Geography: Areal differentiation; regional

synthesis; Dichotomy and dualism; Environmentalism; Quantitative revolutionand locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches;Languages, religions and secularisation; Cultural regions of the world; Humandevelopment index.

2. Economic Geography: World economic development: measurement andproblems; World resources and their distribution; Energy crisis; the limits togrowth; World agriculture: typology of agricultural regions; agricultural inputsand productivity; Food and nutrition problems; Food security; famine: causes,effects and remedies; World industries: locational patterns and problems;patterns of world trade.

3. Population and Settlement Geography: Growth and distribution of worldpopulation; demographic attributes; Causes and consequences of migration;concepts of over-under-and optimum population; Population theories, worldpopulation problems and policies, Social well-being and quality of life;Population as social capital.


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Types and patterns of rural settlements; Environmental issues in ruralsettlements; Hierarchy of urban settlements; Urban morphology: Conceptsof primate city and rank-size rule; Functional classification of towns; Sphereof urban influence; Rural - urban fringe; Satellite towns; Problems and remediesof urbanization; Sustainable development of cities.

4. Regional Planning: Concept of a region; Types of regions and methods ofregionalisation; Growth centres and growth poles; Regional imbalances;regional development strategies; environmental issues in regional planning;Planning for sustainable development.

5. Models, Theories and Laws in Human Geography: Systems analysis inHuman geography; Malthusian, Marxian and demographic transition models;Central Place theories of Christaller and Losch;Perroux and Boudeville; VonThunen’s model of agricultural location; Weber’s model of industrial location;Ostov’s model of stages of growth. Heartland and Rimland theories; Laws ofinternational boundaries and frontiers.

PAPER – IIGEOGRAPHY OF INDIA

1. Physical Setting: Space relationship of India with neighboring countries;Structure and relief; Drainage system and watersheds; Physiographic regions;Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones andwestern disturbances; Floods and droughts; Climatic regions; Naturalvegetation; Soil types and their distributions.

2. Resources: Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic andmarine resources; Forest and wild life resources and their conservation; Energycrisis.

3. Agriculture: Infrastructure: irrigation, seeds, fertilizers, power; Institutionalfactors: land holdings, land tenure and land reforms; Cropping pattern,agricultural productivity, agricultural intensity, crop combination, land capability;Agro and social-forestry; Green revolution and its socio- economic andecological implications; Significance of dry farming; Livestock resources andwhite revolution; aqua - culture; sericulture, apiculture and poultry; agriculturalregionalisation; agro-climatic zones; agro- ecological regions.

4. Industry: Evolution of industries; Locational factors of cotton, jute, textile,iron and steel, aluminium, fertilizer, paper, chemical and pharmaceutical,automobile, cottage and agro - based industries; Industrial houses andcomplexes including public sector undertakings; Industrial regionalisation;New industrial policies; Multinationals and liberalization; Special EconomicZones; Tourism including eco -tourism.

5. Transport, Communication and Trade : Road, railway, waterway, airwayand pipeline networks and their complementary roles in regional development;Growing importance of ports on national and foreign trade; Trade balance;Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Developments in communication


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and information technology and their impacts on economy and society; Indianspace programme.

6. Cultural Setting : Historical Perspective of Indian Society; Racial, linguisticand ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and theirproblems; cultural regions; Growth, distribution and density of population;Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force,dependency ratio, longevity; migration (inter-regional, intra- regional andinternational) and associated problems; Population problems and policies;Health indicators.

7. Settlements : Types, patterns and morphology of rural settlements; Urbandevelopments; Morphology of Indian cities; Functional classification of Indiancities; Conurbations and metropolitan regions; urban sprawl; Slums andassociated problems; town planning; Problems of urbanization and remedies.

8. Regional Development and Planning : Experience of regional planning inIndia; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes; PanchayatiRaj and decentralised planning; Command area development; Watershedmanagement; Planning for backward area, desert, drought prone, hill, tribalarea development; multi-level planning; Regional planning and developmentof island territories.

9. Political Aspects: Geographical basis of Indian federalism; Statereorganisation; Emergence of new states; Regional consciousness and interstate issues; international boundary of India and related issues; Cross borderterrorism; India’s role in world affairs; Geopolitics of South Asia and IndianOcean realm.

10. Contemporary Issues: Ecological issues: Environmental hazards: landslides,earthquakes, Tsunamis, floods and droughts, epidemics; Issues relating toenvironmental pollution; Changes in patterns of land use; Principles ofenvironmental impact assessment and environmental management; Populationexplosion and food security; Environmental degradation; Deforestation,desertification and soil erosion; Problems of agrarian and industrial unrest;Regional disparities in economic development; Concept of sustainable growthand development; Environmental awareness; Linkage of rivers; Globalisationand Indian economy.

Note : Candidates will be required to answer one compulsory map question pertinentto subjects covered by this paper.


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GEOLOGYPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Part-I(a) General Geology : Solar System. The Earth : its origin, age and internal

constitution. Volcanoes-types, distribution geological effects and products.Earthquakes-intensity, magnitude, distribution, causes and effects. Elementaryideas about isostasy, geosynclines, mountain building, continental drift, seafloor spreading and plate tectonics.

(b) Geomorphology : Basic concepts. External and internal processes. Rockweathering. Cycle of erosion. Fluvial landforms and drainage patterns. Landformsof aeolian, marine, glacial and ‘Karst’ landscapes. Elements of Remote Sensing.

(c) Structural and field Geology : Primary and secondary structures. Dip andstrike of beds. Unconformities. Study of folds, joints, faults, foliation andlineations. Overthrusts and nappe structures. Stages of rock deformation.Construction of block diagrams. Stereographic and equal-area nets. Solutionsof simple problems by stereographic net.Topographic maps and their interpretation. Use of clinometer compass in thefield Measurements of bed, foliation, folds joints, faults and lineations in thefield. Principles of geological mapping. Effects of topography on outcrops.Drawing of sections.

Part-II(a) Crystallography : Elements of crystal structure. Laws of crystallography,

Symmetry elements of normal classes of seven crystal systems.Properties and interaction of light and crystalline matter. Petrological microscopeand accessories. Construction and use of Nicole prism. Pleochroism, doublerefraction, extinction angle, birefringence and twinning in crystals, Isotropic,uniaxial and biaxial minerals.

(b) Mineralogy : Physical, chemical and optical properties of the following commonrock forming minerals: quartz, feldspar, mica, pyroxene, amphibole, olivine,garnet, chlorite, carbonates, aluminosilicates. Structure of silicates and crystalchemistry of minerals. Gemstones.

(c) Economic Geology :Ore, ore mineral and gangue. Classification of ore deposits.Important processes of their formation. Occurrence, origin and distribution inIndia of the ores of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold, lead, zinc, iron,manganese and radioactive elements. Deposits of minerals use as abrasives,refractories and in ceramics, deposits of coal and petroleum. Elements ofprospecting for mineral deposits.

Part -III(a) Igneous Petrology :Origin of magma and formation of igneous rocks. Bowen’s

reaction principle. Crystallisation of binary systems. Classification of igneous


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rocks. Textures and structures of igneous rocks. Composition, origin and modeof occurrence of granite, syenite, diorite, mafic and ultramafic groups,anorthosites and alkaline rocks.

(b) Sedimentary Petrology : Sedimentary process and products. Classificationof sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary structures. Residual deposits - their modeof formation, chacteristics and types, Clastic deposits- their classification,mineral composition and texture. Elementary ideas about the origin andcharacteristics of quartz arenites, arkoses and graywackes. Siliceous andcalcareous deposits of chemical and organic origin.

(c) Metamorphic Petrology :Types and factors of metamorphism. Zones, gradesand facies of metamorphism. Regional and contact metamorphism. Texturesand structures of metamorphic rocks. Metamorphism of argillaceous,arenaceous, calcareous and basic rocks. Metasomatism.

Part-IV(a) Paleontology :Habits and habitats of animals. Fossils and fossilization. Modes

of preservation. Application of fossils, Study of morphology and geological historyof Foraminiferida, Brachipoda, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Cephalopoda, Trilobita,Echinoidea and Anthozoa.Mammals of Siwalik Group. A brief study of Gondwana flora.

(b) Stratigraphy and Geology of India :Fundamental laws of stratigraphy.Stratigraphic classification lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic andchronostratigraphic. Geological time scale.Physiographic divisions and outline of stratigraphy of India. Brief study of Dharwar,Vindhyan and Gondwana Supergroups and Siwalik Group with reference totheir major subdivisions, lithology, fossils, areal distribution and economicimportance.

GEOLOGYPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1. General Geology: The Solar System, Meteorites, Origin and interior of the

earth and age of earth; Volcanoes- causes and products, Volcanic belts;Earthquakes-causes, effects, Seismic zones of India; Island arcs, trenchesand mid-ocean ridges; Continental drifts; Seafloor spreading, Plate tectonics;Isostasy.

2. Geomorphology and Remote Sensing: Basic concepts of geomorphology;Weathering and soil formations; Landforms, slopes and drainage; Geomorphiccycles and their interpretation; Morphology and its relation to structures andlithology; Coastal geomorphology; Applications of geomorphology in mineralprospecting, civil engineering; Hydrology and environmental studies;Geomorphology of Indian subcontinent.Aerial photographs and their interpretation-merits and limitations; The


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Electromagnetic spectrum; Orbiting satellites and sensor systems; IndianRemote Sensing Satellites; Satellites data products; Applications of remotesensing in geology; The Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and GlobalPositioning System (GPS) - its applications.

3. Structural Geology: Principles of geologic mapping and map reading, Projectiondiagrams, Stress and strain ellipsoid and stress-strain relationships of elastic,plastic and viscous materials; Strain markers in deformed rocks; Behaviour ofminerals and rocks under deformation conditions; Folds and faults classificationand mechanics; Structural analysis of folds, foliations, lineations, joints andfaults, unconformities; Time-relationship between crystallization and deformation.

4. Paleontology: Species- definition and nomenclature; Megafossils andMicrofossils; Modes of preservation of fossils; Different kinds of microfossils;Application of microfossils in correlation, petroleum exploration, paleoclimaticand paleoceanographic studies; Evolutionary trend in Hominidae, Equidae andProboscidae; Siwalik fauna; Gondwana flora and fauna and its importance;Index fossils and their significance.

5. Indian Stratigraphy: Classif ication of stratigraphic sequences:lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, chro-nostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphicand their interrelationships; Distribution and classification of Precambrian rocksof India; Study of stratigraphic distribution and lithology of Phanerozoic rocks ofIndia with reference to fauna, flora and economic importance; Major boundaryproblems- Cambrian/Precambrian, Permian/Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary andPliocene/Pleistocene; Study of climatic conditions, paleogeography and igneousactivity in the Indian subcontinent in the geological past; Tectonic framework ofIndia; Evolution of the Himalayas.

6. Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology: Hydrologic cycle and geneticclassification of water; Movement of subsurface water; Springs; Porosity,permeability, hydraulic conductivity, transmissivity and storage coefficient,classification of aquifers; Water-bearing characteristics of rocks; Groundwaterchemistry; Salt water intrusion; Types of wells; Drainage basin morphometry;Exploration for groundwater; Groundwater recharge; Problems and managementof groundwater; Rainwater harvesting; Engineering properties of rocks; Geologicalinvestigations for dams, tunnels highways, railway and bridges; Rock asconstruction material; Landslides-causes, prevention and rehabilitation;Earthquake-resistant structures.

PAPER - II1. Mineralogy: Classification of crystals into systems and classes of symmetry;

International system of crystallographic notation; Use of projection diagrams torepresent crystal symmetry; Elements of X-ray crystallography.Physical and chemical characters of rock forming silicate mineral groups;Structural classification of silicates; Common minerals of igneous andmetamorphic rocks; Minerals of the carbonate, phosphate, sulphide and halide


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groups; Clay minerals.Optical properties of common rock forming minerals; Pleochroism, extinctionangle, double refraction, birefringence, twinning and dispersion in minerals.

2. Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology: Generation and crystallization ofmagmas; Crystallization of albite-anorthite, diopside-anorthite and diopside-wollastonite-silica systems; Bowen’s Reaction Principle; Magmatic differentationand assimilation; Petrogenetic significance of the textures and structures ofigneous rocks; Petrography and petrogenesis of granite, syenite, diorite, basicand ultrabasic groups, charnockite, anorthosite and alkaline rocks; Carbonatites;Deccan volcanic province.Types and agents of metamorphism; Metamorphic grades and zones; Phaserule; Facies of regional and contact metamorphism; ACF and AKF diagrams;Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks; Metamorphism of arenaceous,argillaceous and basic rocks; Minerals assemblages Retrograde metamorphism;Metasomatism and granitisation, migmatites, Granulite terrains of India.

3. Sedimentary Petrology: Sediments and Sedimentary rocks: Processes offormation; digenesis and lithification; Clastic and non-clastic rocks-theirclassification, petrography and depositional environment; Sedimentary faciesand provenance; Sedimentary structures and their significance; Heavy mineralsand their significance; Sedimentary basins of India.

4. Economic Geology: Ore, ore minerals and gangue, tenor of ore, classificationof ore deposits; Process of formation of minerals deposits; Controls of orelocalization; Ore textures and structures; Metallogenic epochs and provinces;Geology of the important Indian deposits of aluminium, chromium, copper, gold,iron, lead zinc, manganese, titanium, uranium and thorium and industrialminerals; Deposits of coal and petroleum in India; National Mineral Policy;Conservation and utilization of mineral resources; Marine mineral resourcesand Law of Sea.

5. Mining Geology: Methods of prospecting-geological, geophysical, geochemicaland geobotanical; Techniques of sampling; Estimation of reserves or ore;Methods of exploration and mining metallic ores, industrial minerals, marinemineral resources and building stones; Mineral beneficiation and ore dressing.

6. Geochemistry and Environmental Geology: Cosmic abundance of elements;Composition of the planets and meteorites; Structure and composition of Earthand distribution of elements; Trace elements; Elements of crystal chemistry-types of chemical bonds, coordination number; Isomorphism and polymorphism;Elementary thermodynamics.Natural hazards-floods, mass wasting, costal hazards, earthquakes and volcanicactivity and mitigation; Environmental impact of urbanization, mining, industrialand radioactive waste disposal, use of fertilizers, dumping of mine waste andfly ash; Pollution of ground and surface water, marine pollution; Environmentprotection - legislative measures in India; Sea level changes: causes and impact.


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INDIAN HISTORYPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

( Code : 10 )Section-A

1. Prehistoric cultures in India2. Indus Civilization. Origins. The Mature Phase : extent, society, economy

and culture. Contacts with other cultures. Problems of decline.3. Geographical distribution and characteristics of pastoral and farming

communities outside the Indus region, from the neolithic to early iron phases.4. Vedic society. The Vedic texts; change from Rigvedic to later Vedic phases.

Religion; Upanishadic thought. Political and social organisation; evolutuion ofmonarchy and varna system.

5. State formation and urbanization, from the mahajanapadas to the Nandas.Jainism and Buddhism. Factors for the spread of Buddhism.

6. The Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta; Megasthenes. Asoka and his inscriptions;his dhamma, administration, culture and art. The Arthasastra.

7. Post-Mauryan India, BC 200- AD 300. Society: Evolution of jatis. TheSatavahanas and state formation in Peninsula. Sangam texts and society.Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Parthians, Kushanas; Kanishka. Contacts with the outsideworld. Religion : Saivism, Bhagavatism, Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism;Jainism; Culture and art.

8. The Guptas and their successors (to c. 750 AD). Changes in political organisationof empire. Economy and society. Literature and science. Arts.

Section-B9. Early Medieval India. Major dynasties; the Chola Empire. Agrarian and political

structures. The Rajaputras. Extent of social mobility. Postition of women. TheArabs in Sind and the Ghaznavides.

10. Cultural trends, 750-1200, Religious conditions : importance of temples andmonastic institutions; Sankaracharya; Islam; Sufism. Literature and Science.Alberuni’s “India”. Art and architecture.

11-12. Thirteenth and fourteenth Centuries: Ghorian invasions causes andconsequences. Delhi Sultanate under the “Slave” Rulers. Alauddin Khalji :Conquests; administrative, agrarian and economic measures. MuhammadTughlug’s innovations. Firuz Tughluq and the decline of the Delhi Sultanate.Growth of commerce and urbanization. Mystic movements in Hinduism andIslam. Literature. Architecture, Technological changes.

13. The fifteenth and early 16th Century : major Provinicial dynasties; Vijaya-nagaraEmpire. The Lodis, First phase of the Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun. TheSur empire and administration. The Portuguese.Montheistic movements: Kabir; Guru Nanak and Sikhism; Bhakti. Growth ofregional literatures. Art and Culture.


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14-15. The Mughal Empire , 1556-1707. Akbar: conquests, administrative measures,jagir and mansab systems; policy of sulh-i-kul. Jahangir, Shahjahan andAurangzeb : expansion in the Deccan; religious policies. Shivaji.Culture: Persian and regional literatures. Religious thought: Abul Fazl;Maharashtra dharma. Painting. Architecture.Economy: conditions of peasants and artisans, growth in trade; commercewithEurope. Social stratification and status of women.

16. Decline of Mughal Empire, 1707-61. Causes behind decline. Maratha powerunder the Peshwas. Regional states. The Afghans. Major elements of compositeculture. Sawai Jai Singh, astronomer. Rise of Urdu language.

Section-C17. British expansion : The Carnatic Wars, Conquest of Bengal. Mysore and its

resitance to British expansion: The three Anglo-Maratha Wars. Early structureof British raj: Regulating and Pitt’s India Acts.

18. Economic Impact of the British Raj : Drain of Wealth (Tribute); land revenuesettlements (zamindari, ryotwari, mahalwari); Deindustrialisation; Railways andcommercialisation of agriculture; Growth of landless labour.

19. Cultural encounter and social changes: Introduction of western education andmodern ideas. Indian Renaissance, social and religious reform movements;growth of Indian middle class; The press and its impact: rise of modern literaturein Indian languages. Social reforms measures before 1857.

20. Resistance to British rule : Early uprisings; The 1857 Revolt- causes, nature,course and consequences.

21. Indian Freedom struggle-the first phase: Growth of national consciousness;Formation of Associations; Establishment of the Indian National Congress andits Moderate phase;- Economic Nationalism; Swadeshi Movement; The growthof “Extremism” and the 1907 split in Congress; The Act of 1909 - the policy ofDivide and Rule; Congress-League Pact of 1916.

22. Gandhi and his thought; Gandhian techniques of mass mobilisation- Khilafatand Non Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience and Quit India Movement;Other strands in the National Movement-Revolutionaries, the Left, SubhasChandra Bose and the Indian National Army.

23. Separatist Trends in Indian nationalist politics- the Muslim League and theHindu Mahasabha; The post -1945 developments; Partition and Independence.

24. India independent to 1964. A parliamentary, secular, democratic (republic the1950 Constitution). Jawaharlal Nehru’s vision of a developed, socialist society.Planning and state-controlled industrialization. Agrarian reforms. Foreign policyof Non-alignment. Border conflict with China and Chinese aggression.


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HISTORYPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1. Sources:

Archaeological sources:Exploration, excavation, epigraphy, numismatics, monumentsLiterary sources:Indigenous: Primary and secondary; poetry, scientific literature, literature,literature in regional languages, religious literature.Foreign accounts: Greek, Chinese and Arab writers.

2. Pre-history and Proto-history:Geographical factors; hunting and gathering (paleolithic and mesolithic);Beginning of agriculture (neolithic and chalcolithic).

3. Indus Valley Civilization:Origin, date, extent, characteristics, decline, survival and significance, artand architecture.

4. Megalithic Cultures:Distribution of pastoral and farming cultures outside the Indus, Developmentof community life, Settlements, Development of agriculture, Crafts, Pottery,and Iron industry.

5. Aryans and Vedic Period:Expansions of Aryans in India.Vedic Period: Religious and philosophic literature; Transformation from RigVedic period to the later Vedic period; Political, social and economical life;Significance of the Vedic Age; Evolution of Monarchy and Varna system.

6. Period of Mahajanapadas:Formation of States (Mahajanapada) : Republics and monarchies; Rise ofurban centres; Trade routes; Economic growth; Introduction of coinage; Spreadof Jainism and Buddhism; Rise of Magadha and Nandas.Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their impact.

7. Mauryan Empire:Foundation of the Mauryan Empire, Chandragupta, Kautilya and Arthashastra;Ashoka; Concept of Dharma; Edicts; Polity, Administration; Economy; Art,architecture and sculpture; External contacts; Religion; Spread of religion;Literature.Disintegration of the empire; Sungas and Kanvas.

8. Post - Mauryan Period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushanas, WesternKshatrapas):Contact with outside world; growth of urban centres, economy, coinage,development of religions, Mahayana, social conditions, art, architecture,


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culture, literature and science.9. Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India:

Kharavela, The Satavahanas, Tamil States of the Sangam Age; Administration,economy, land grants, coinage, trade guilds and urban centres; Buddhistcentres; Sangam literature and culture; Art and architecture.

10. Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas:Polity and administration, Economic conditions, Coinage of the Guptas, Landgrants, Decline of urban centres, Indian feudalism, Caste system, Positionof women, Education and educational institutions; Nalanda, Vikramshila andVallabhi, Literature, scientific literature, art and architecture.

11. Regional States during Gupta Era:The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; Polity and Administration,Trade guilds, Literature; growth of Vaishnava and Saiva religions. Tamil Bhaktimovement, Shankaracharya; Vedanta; Institutions of temple and templearchitecture; Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramaras, Polity andadministration; Cultural aspects. Arab conquest of Sind; Alberuni, TheChalukyas of Kalyana, Cholas, Hoysalas, Pandyas; Polity and Administration;local Government; Growth of art and architecture, religious sects, Institutionof temple and Mathas, Agraharas, education and literature, economy andsociety.

12. Themes in Early Indian Cultural History:Languages and texts, major stages in the evolution of art and architecture,major philosophical thinkers and schools, ideas in Science and Mathematics.

13. Early Medieval India, 750-1200:- Polity: Major political developments in Northern India and the Peninsula,

origin and the rise of Rajputs- The Cholas: administration, village economy and society- “Indian Feudalism”- Agrarian economy and urban settlements- Trade and commerce- Society: the status of the Brahman and the new social order- Condition of women- Indian science and technology

14. Cultural Traditions in India, 750-1200:- Philosophy: Skankaracharya and Vedanta, Ramanuja and Vishishtadvaita,

Madhva and Brahma-Mimansa- Religion: Forms and features of religion, Tamil devotional cult, growth of

Bhakti, Islam and its arrival in India, Sufism- Literature: Literature in Sanskrit, growth of Tamil literature, literature in

the newly developing languages, Kalhan’s Rajtarangini, Alberuni’s India


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- Art and Architecture: Temple architecture, sculpture, painting15. The Thirteenth Century:

- Establishment of the Delhi Sultanate: The Ghurian invasions – factorsbehind Ghurian success

- Economic, social and cultural consequences- Foundation of Delhi Sultanate and early Turkish Sultans- Consolidation: The rule of Iltutmish and Balban

16. The Fourteenth Century:- “The Khalji Revolution”- Alauddin Khalji: Conquests and territorial expansion, agrarian and

economic measures- Muhammad Tughluq: Major projects, agrarian measures, bureaucracy of

Muhammad Tughluq- Firuz Tughluq: Agrarian measures, achievements in civil engineering and

public works, decline of the Sultanate, foreign contacts and Ibn Battuta’saccount

17. Society, Culture and Economy in the Thirteenth and FourteenthCenturies:- Society: composition of rural society, ruling classes, town dwellers,

women, religious classes, caste and slavery under the Sultanate, Bhaktimovement, Sufi movement

- Culture: Persian literature, literature in the regional languages of NorthIndia, literature in the languages of South India, Sultanate architectureand new structural forms, painting, evolution of a composite culture

- Economy: Agricultural production, rise of urban economy and non-agricultural production, trade and commerce

18. The Fifteenth and Early Sixteenth Century – Political Developmentsand Economy:- Rise of Provincial Dynasties: Bengal, Kashmir (Zainul Abedin), Gujarat,

Malwa, Bahmanids- The Vijayanagra Empire- Lodis- Mughal Empire, First phase: Babur and Humayun- The Sur Empire: Sher Shah’s administration- Portuguese Colonial enterprise- Bhakti and Sufi Movements

19. The Fifteenth and early Sixteenth Century – Society and Culture:- Regional cultural specificities- Literary traditions- Provincial architecture


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- Society, culture, literature and the arts in Vijayanagara Empire.20. Akbar:

- Conquests and consolidation of the Empire- Establishment of Jagir and Mansab systems- Rajput policy- Evolution of religious and social outlook, theory of Sulh-i-kul and religious

policy- Court patronage of art and technology

21. Mughal Empire in the Seventeenth Century:- Major administrative policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb- The Empire and the Zamindars- Religious policies of Jahangir, Shahjahan and Aurangzeb- Nature of the Mughal State- Late Seventeenth century crisis and the revolts- The Ahom Kingdom- Shivaji and the early Maratha Kingdom.

22. Economy and Society in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries:- Population, agricultural production, craft production- Towns, commerce with Europe through Dutch, English and French

companies : a trade revolution- Indian mercantile classes, banking, insurance and credit systems- Condition of peasants, condition of women- Evolution of the Sikh community and the Khalsa Panth

23. Culture in the Mughal Empire:- Persian histories and other literature- Hindi and other religious literature- Mughal architecture- Mughal painting- Provincial architecture and painting- Classical music- Science and technology

24. The Eighteenth Century:- Factors for the decline of the Mughal Empire- The regional principalities: Nizam’s Deccan, Bengal, Awadh- Maratha ascendancy under the Peshwas- The Maratha fiscal and financial system- Emergence of Afghan Power, Battle of Panipat:1761- State of politics, culture and economy on the eve of the British conquest


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PAPER - II1. European Penetration into India:

The Early European Settlements; The Portuguese and the Dutch; The Englishand the French East India Companies; Their struggle for supremacy; CarnaticWars; Bengal -The conflict between the English and the Nawabs of Bengal;Siraj and the English; The Battle of Plassey; Significance of Plassey.

2. British Expansion in India:Bengal – Mir Jafar and Mir Kasim; The Battle of Buxar; Mysore; The Marathas;The three Anglo-Maratha Wars; The Punjab.

3. Early Structure of the British Raj:The early administrative structure; From diarchy to direct control; TheRegulating Act (1773); The Pitt’s India Act (1784); The Charter Act (1833);The voice of free trade and the changing character of British colonial rule; TheEnglish utilitarian and India.

4. Economic Impact of British Colonial Rule:(a) Land revenue settlements in British India; The Permanent Settlement;

Ryotwari Settlement; Mahalwari Settlement; Economic impact of therevenue arrangements; Commercialization of agriculture; Rise of landlessagrarian labourers; Impoverishment of the rural society.

(b) Dislocation of traditional trade and commerce; De-industrialisation; Declineof traditional crafts; Drain of wealth; Economic transformation of India;Railroad and communication network including telegraph and postalservices; Famine and poverty in the rural interior; European businessenterprise and its limitations.

5. Social and Cultural Developments:The state of indigenous education, its dislocation; Orientalist-Anglicistcontroversy, The introduction of western education in India; The rise of press,literature and public opinion; The rise of modern vernacular literature; Progressof science; Christian missionary activities in India.

6. Social and Religious Reform movements in Bengal and OtherAreas:Ram Mohan Roy, The Brahmo Movement; Devendranath Tagore; IswarchandraVidyasagar; The Young Bengal Movement; Dayanada Saraswati; The socialreform movements in India including Sati, widow remarriage, child marriageetc.; The contribution of Indian renaissance to the growth of modern India;Islamic revivalism – the Feraizi and Wahabi Movements.

7. Indian Response to British Rule:Peasant movements and tribal uprisings in the 18th and 19th centuries includingthe Rangpur Dhing (1783), the Kol Rebellion (1832), the Mopla Rebellion inMalabar (1841-1920), the Santal Hul (1855), Indigo Rebellion (1859-60), DeccanUprising (1875) and the Munda Ulgulan (1899-1900); The Great Revolt of


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1857 - Origin, character, causes of failure, the consequences; The shift inthe character of peasant uprisings in the post-1857 period; the peasantmovements of the 1920s and 1930s.

8. Factors leading to the birth of Indian Nationalism; Politics of Association;The Foundation of the Indian National Congress; The Safety-valve thesisrelating to the birth of the Congress; Programme and objectives of EarlyCongress; the social composition of early Congress leadership; the Moderatesand Extremists; The Partition of Bengal (1905); The Swadeshi Movement inBengal; the economic and political aspects of Swadeshi Movement; Thebeginning of revolutionary extremism in India.

9. Rise of Gandhi; Character of Gandhian nationalism; Gandhi’s popular appeal;Rowlatt Satyagraha; the Khilafat Movement; the Non-cooperation Movement;National politics from the end of the Non-cooperation movement to thebeginning of the Civil Disobedience movement; the two phases of the CivilDisobedience Movement; Simon Commission; The Nehru Report; the RoundTable Conferences; Nationalism and the Peasant Movements; Nationalismand Working class movements; Women and Indian youth and students inIndian politics (1885-1947); the election of 1937 and the formation of ministries;Cripps Mission; the Quit India Movement; the Wavell Plan; The CabinetMission.

10. Constitutional Developments in the Colonial India between 1858 and1935

11. Other strands in the National MovementThe Revolutionaries: Bengal, the Punjab, Maharashtra, U.P, the MadrasPresidency, Outside India.The Left; The Left within the Congress: Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas ChandraBose, the Congress Socialist Party; the Communist Party of India, other leftparties.

12. Politics of Separatism; the Muslim League; the Hindu Mahasabha;Communalism and the politics of partition; Transfer of power; Independence.

13. Consolidation as a Nation; Nehru’s Foreign Policy; India and her neighbours(1947-1964); The linguistic reorganisation of States (1935-1947); Regionalismand regional inequality; Integration of Princely States; Princes in electoralpolitics; the Question of National Language.

14. Caste and Ethnicity after 1947; Backward castes and tribes in post-colonialelectoral politics; Dalit movements.

15. Economic development and political change; Land reforms; the politics ofplanning and rural reconstruction; Ecology and environmental policy in post -colonial India; Progress of science.

16. Enlightenment and Modern ideas:(i) Major ideas of Enlightenment: Kant, Rousseau


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(ii) Spread of Enlightenment in the colonies(iii) Rise of socialist ideas (up to Marx); spread of Marxian Socialism.

17. Origins of Modern Politics:(i) European States System.(ii) American Revolution and the Constitution.(iii) French revolution and aftermath, 1789-1815.

(iv) American Civil War with reference to Abraham Lincoln and theabolition of slavery.

(v) British Democratic Politics, 1815-1850; Parliamentary Reformers, FreeTraders, Chartists.

18. Industrialization:(i) English Industrial Revolution: Causes and Impact on Society(ii) Industrialization in other countries: USA, Germany, Russia, Japan(iii) Industrialization and Globalization.

19. Nation-State System:(i) Rise of Nationalism in 19th century(ii) Nationalism: state-building in Germany and Italy(iii) Disintegration of Empires in the face of the emergence ofnationalities across the world.

20. Imperialism and Colonialism:(i) South and South-East Asia(ii) Latin America and South Africa(iii) Australia(iv) Imperialism and free trade: Rise of neo-imperialism.

21. Revolution and Counter-Revolution:(i) 19th Century European revolutions(ii) The Russian Revolution of 1917-1921(iii) Fascist Counter-Revolution, Italy and Germany.(iv) The Chinese Revolution of 1949

22. World Wars:(i) 1st and 2nd World Wars as Total Wars: Societal implications(ii) World War I: Causes and consequences(iii) World War II: Causes and consequence

23. The World after World War II:(i) Emergence of two power blocs(ii) Emergence of Third World and non-alignment(iii) UNO and the global disputes.

24. Liberation from Colonial Rule:(i) Latin America-Bolivar(ii) Arab World-Egypt(iii) Africa-Apartheid to Democracy


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(iv) South-East Asia-Vietnam 25. Decolonization and Underdevelopment:

(i) Factors constraining development: Latin America, Africa26. Unification of Europe:

(i) Post War Foundations: NATO and European Community(ii) Consolidation and Expansion of European Community(iii) European Union.

27. Disintegration of Soviet Union and the Rise of the UnipolarWorld:(i) Factors leading to the collapse of Soviet communism and the

Soviet Union, 1985-1991(ii) Political Changes in Eastern Europe 1989-2001.(iii) End of the cold war and US ascendancy in the World as the

lone superpower.


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LAWPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

I . Jurisprudence1. Nature and concept of law.2. Schools of Jurisprudence : Analytical, Historical, Philosophical, Sociological & Natural.3. Administration of Justice : Theories of punishment.4. Sources of Law : Custom, Precedent and Legislation.5. A few basic Legal concepts:

(i) Rights and Duties.(ii) Legal Personality.(iii) Ownership and Possession.

II. Constitutional Law of India1. Salient features of the Indian Constitution.2. Preamble.3. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties.4. Constitutional position and powers of President and Governors.5. Supreme Court and High Courts: Jurisdiction, powers, appointment and

transfer of Judges.6. Union Public Service Commission and State Public Service

Commissions: Powers and functions.7. Distribution of Legislative and Administrative Powers between the Union

and the States.8. Emergency Provisions.9. Amendment of the Consstitution.

III. International Law :1. Nature and definition of International Law.2. Sources: Treaty, Custom, General Principles of Law recognised by civilised nations and subsidiary means of determination of law.3. State Recognition and State Succession.4. The United Nations, its objective, purpose and principal organs; Constitution, role and jurisdiction of International Court of Justice.5. Protection of Human Rights:

(i) Provisions in the UN Charter. .(ii) Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.(iii) International Convenant of Civil and Political Rights, 1966.(iv) International Convenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,1966.


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IV Torts :1. Nature and Defination of Tort.2. Liability based on fault and strict liability.3. Vicarious Liability including State Liability.4. Joint Tort feasors.5. Negligence.6. Defamation.7. Conspiracy8. Nuisance.9. False imprisonment.10. Malicious Prosecution.

V Criminal Law :1. General Principles of criminal liability: Mens rea and actus reus.2. Preparation and criminal attempts3. General Exceptions.4. Joint and constructive liability.5. Abetment6. Criminal Conspiracy.7. Sedition.8. Murder and culpable homicide.9. Theft, extortion, robbery and dacoity.10. Misappropriation and Criminal Breach of Trust.

VI Law of Contract :1. Definition of contract.2. Basic elements of contract: Offer, acceptance, consideration, contracutal capacity.3. Factors vitiating consent.4. Void, Voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.5. Wagering agreements.6. Contingent contracts.7. Performance of contracts.8. Dissolution of contractual obligations: frustration contracts.9. Quasi-contracts.10. Remedies for breach of contract.


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LAWPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - IConstitutional and Administrative Law1. Constitution and Constitutionalism: The distinctive features of the Constitution.2. Fundamental rights – Public interest litigation; Legal Aid; Legal services

authority.3. Relationship between fundamental rights, directive principles and fundamental

duties.4. Constitutional position of the President and relation with the Council of

Ministers.5. Governor and his powers.6. Supreme Court and High Courts:

(a) Appointments and transfer.(b) Powers, functions and jurisdiction.

7. Centre, States and local bodies:(a) Distribution of legislative powers between the Union and the States.(b) Local bodies.(c) Administrative relationship among Union, State and Local Bodies.(d) Eminent domain – State property – common property – community

property.8. Legislative powers, privileges and immunities.9. Services under the Union and the States:

(a) Recruitment and conditions of services; Constitutional safeguards;Administrative tribunals.

(b) Union Public Service Commission and State Public ServiceCommissions – Power and functions

(c) Election Commission – Power and functions.10. Emergency provisions.11. Amendment of the Constitution.12. Principles of natural justice – Emerging trends and judicial approach.13. Delegated legislation and its constitutionality.14. Separation of powers and constitutional governance.15. Judicial review of administrative action.16. Ombudsman: Lokayukta, Lokpal etc.International Law1. Nature and definition of international law.2. Relationship between international law and municipal law.3. State recognition and state succession.


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4. Law of the sea: Inland waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, continentalshelf, exclusive economic zone, high seas.

5. Individuals: Nationality, statelessness; Human rights and procedures availablefor their enforcement.

6. Territorial jurisdiction of States, extradition and asylum.7. Treaties: Formation, application, termination and reservation.8. United Nations: Its principal organs, powers, functions and reform.9. Peaceful settlement of disputes – different modes.10. Lawful recourse to force: aggression, self-defence, intervention.11. Fundamental principles of international humanitarian law – International

conventions and contemporary developments.12. Legality of the use of nuclear weapons; ban on testing of nuclear

weapons; Nuclear – non proliferation treaty, CTBT.13. International terrorism, state sponsored terrorism, hijacking, international

criminal court.14. New international economic order and monetary law: WTO, TRIPS, GATT,

IMF, World Bank.15. Protection and improvement of the human environment: International efforts.

PAPER - IILaw of Crimes1. General principles of criminal liability: Mens rea and actus reus, mens rea in

statutory offences.2. Kinds of punishment and emerging trends as to abolition of capital punishment.3. Preparation and criminal attempt.4. General exceptions.5. Joint and constructive liability.6. Abetment.7. Criminal conspiracy.8. Offences against the State.9. Offences against public tranquility.10. Offences against human body.11. Offences against property.12. Offences against women.13. Defamation.14. Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988.15. Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955 and subsequent legislative developments.16. Plea bargaining.Law of Torts1. Nature and definition.


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2. Liability based upon fault and strict liability; Absolute liability.3. Vicarious liability including State liability.4. General defences.5. Joint tort feasors.6. Remedies.7. Negligence.8. Defamation.9. Nuisance.10. Conspiracy.11. False imprisonment.12. Malicious prosecution.13. Consumer Protection Act, 1986.Law of Contracts and Mercantile Law1. Nature and formation of contract/E-contract.2. Factors vitiating free consent.3. Void, voidable, illegal and unenforceable agreements.4. Performance and discharge of contracts.5. Quasi- Contracts.6. Consequences of breach of contract.7. Contract of indemnity, guarantee and insurance.8. Contract of agency.9. Sale of goods and hire purchase.10. Formation and dissolution of partnership.11. Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881.12. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996.13. Standard form contracts.Contemporary Legal Developments1. Public Interest Litigation.2. Intellectual property rights – Concept, types/prospects.3. Information Technology Law including Cyber Laws – Concept, purpose/

prospects.4. Competition Law- Concept, purpose/ prospects.5. Alternate Dispute Resolution – Concept, types/prospects.6. Major statutes concerning environmental law.7. Right to Information Act.8. Trial by media.


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MANAGEMENTPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

The candidate should make a study of the concept and development of managementas science and art drawing upon the contributions of leading thinkers of managementand apply the concepts to the real life of government and business decision makingkeeping in view the changes in the strategic and operative environment.

PAPER – I 1. Managerial Function and Process:

Concept and Foundations of Management, Evolution of ManagementThoughts; Managerial Functions – Planning, Organizing, Controlling;Decision making; Role of Manager, Managerial skills; Entrepreneurship;Management of innovation; Managing in a global environment, FlexibleSystems Management; Social responsibility and managerial ethics; Processand customer orientation; Managerial processes on direct and indirect valuechain.

2. Organisational Behaviour and Design:Conceptual model of organization behaviour; The individual processes –personality, values and attitude, perception, motivation, learning andreinforcement, work stress and stress management; The dynamics oforganization behaviour – power and politics, conflict and negotiation,leadership process and styles, communication; The OrganizationalProcesses - decision making, job design; Classical, Neoclassical andContingency approaches to organizational design; Organizational theory anddesign - organizational culture, managing cultural diversity, learningorganization; organizational change and development; Knowledge BasedEnterprise – systems and processes; Networked and virtual organizations.

3. Human Resource Management:HR challenges; HRM functions; The future challenges of HRM; StrategicManagement of human resources; Human resource planning; Job analysis;Job evaluation; Recruitment and selection; Training and development;Promotion and transfer; Performance management; Compensationmanagement and benefits; Employee morale and productivity; Managementof organizational climate and Industrial relations; Human resourcesaccounting and audit; Human resource information system; Internationalhuman resource management.

4. Accounting for Managers: Financial accounting – concept, importance and scope, generally acceptedaccounting principles, preparation of financial statements with specialreference to analysis of a balance sheet and measurement of businessincome, inventory valuation and depreciation, financial statement analysis,fund flow analysis, the statement of cash flows; Management accounting –concept, need, importance and scope; Cost accounting – records and


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processes, cost ledger and control accounts, reconciliation and integrationbetween financial and cost accounts; Overhead cost and control, Job andprocess costing, Budget and budgetary control, Performance budgeting,Zero-base budgeting, relevant costing and costing for decision-making,standard costing and variance analysis, marginal costing and absorptioncosting.

5. Financial Management:Goals of finance function; Concepts of value and return; Valuation of bondsand shares; Management of working capital: Estimation and financing;Management of cash, receivables, inventory and current liabilities; Cost ofcapital; Capital budgeting; Financial and operating leverage; Design of capitalstructure: theories and practices; Shareholder value creation: dividend policy,corporate financial policy and strategy, management of corporate distressand restructuring strategy; Capital and money markets: institutions andinstruments; Leasing, hire purchase and venture capital; Regulation ofcapital market; Risk and return: portfolio theory; CAPM; APT; Financialderivatives: option, futures, swap; Recent reforms in financial sector.

6. Marketing Management:Concept, evolution and scope; Marketing strategy formulation andcomponents of marketing plan; Segmenting and targeting the market;Positioning and differentiating the market offering; Analyzing competition;Analyzing consumer markets; Industrial buyer behaviour; Market research;Product strategy; Pricing strategies; Designing and managing Marketingchannels; Integrated marketing communications; Building customersatisfaction, Value and retention; Services and non-profit marketing; Ethicsin marketing; Consumer protection; Internet marketing; Retail management;Customer relationship management; Concept of holistic marketing.

PAPER – II1. Quantitative Techniques in Decision Making:

Descriptive statistics – tabular, graphical and numerical methods, introductionto probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, inferentialstatistics-sampling distributions, central limit theorem, hypothesis testingfor differences between means and proportions, inference about populationvariances, Chi-square and ANOVA, simple correlation and regression, timeseries and forecasting, decision theory, index numbers; Linear programming– problem formulation, simplex method and graphical solution, sensitivityanalysis.

2. Production and Operations Management:Fundamentals of operations management; Organizing for production;Aggregate production planning, capacity planning, plant design: processplanning, plant size and scale of operations, Management of facilities; Linebalancing; Equipment replacement and maintenance; Production control;


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Supply chain management - vendor evaluation and audit; Qualitymanagement; Statistical process control, Six Sigma; Flexibility and agilityin manufacturing systems; World class manufacturing; Project managementconcepts, R&D management, Management of service operations; Role andimportance of materials management, value analysis, make or buy decision;Inventory control, MRP; Waste management.

3. Management Information System:Conceptual foundations of information systems; Information theory;Information resource management; Types of information systems; Systemsdevelopment - Overview of systems and design; System developmentmanagement life-cycle, Designing for online and distributed environments;Implementation and control of project; Trends in information technology;Managing data resources - Organising data; DSS and RDBMS; EnterpriseResource Planning (ERP), Expert systems, e-Business architecture, e-Governance; Information systems planning, Flexibility in information systems;User involvement; Evaluation of information systems.

4. Government Business Interface:State participation in business, Interaction between Government, Businessand different Chambers of Commerce and Industry in India; Government’spolicy with regard to Small Scale Industries; Government clearances forestablishing a new enterprise; Public Distribution System; Governmentcontrol over price and distribution; Consumer Protection Act (CPA) and TheRole of voluntary organizations in protecting consumers’ rights; New IndustrialPolicy of the Government: liberalization, deregulation and privatisation; Indianplanning system; Government policy concerning development of Backwardareas/regions; The Responsibilities of the business as well as theGovernment to protect the environment; Corporate Governance; Cyber Laws.

5. Strategic Management:Business policy as a field of study; Nature and scope of strategicmanagement, Strategic intent, vision, objectives and policies; Process ofstrategic planning and implementation; Environmental analysis and internalanalysis; SWOT analysis; Tools and techniques for strategic analysis -Impact matrix: The experience curve, BCG matrix, GEC mode, Industryanalysis, Concept of value chain; Strategic profile of a firm; Framework foranalysing competition; Competitive advantage of a firm; Generic competitivestrategies; Growth strategies – expansion, integration and diversification;Concept of core competence, Strategic flexibility; Reinventing strategy;Strategy and structure; Chief Executive and Board; Turnaround management;Management of strategic change; Strategic alliances, Mergers andAcquisitions; Strategy and corporate evolution in the Indian context.

6. International Business: International Business Environment: Changing composition of trade in goods


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and services; India’s Foreign Trade: Policy and trends; Financing ofIn ternat ional t rade; Regional Economic Cooperat ion; FTAs;Internationalisation of service firms; International production; OperationManagement in International companies; International Taxation; Globalcompetitiveness and technological developments; Global e-Business;Designing global organisational structure and control; Multiculturalmanagement; Global business strategy; Global marketing strategies; ExportManagement; Export- Import procedures; Joint Ventures; Foreign Investment:Foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment; Cross-borderMergers and Acquisitions; Foreign Exchange Risk Exposure Management;World Financial Markets and International Banking; External DebtManagement; Country Risk Analysis.


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MATHEMATICSPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1. Algebra : Elements of Set Theory; Algebra of Real and Complex numbersincluding Demovire’s theorem; Polynomials and Polynomial equations, relationbetween Coefficients and Roots, symmetric functions of roots; Elements ofGroup Theory; Sub-Group, Cyclic groups, Permutation, Groups and theirelementary properties.Rings, Integral Domains and Fields and their elementary properties.

2. Vector Spaces and Matrices : Vector Space, Linear Dependence andIndependence. Sub-spaces. Basis and Dimensions, Finite Dimensional VectorSpaces. Linear Transformation of a Finite Dimensional Vector Space, MatrixRepresentation. Singular and Nonsingular Transformations. Rank and Nullity.Matrices : Addition, Multiplication, Determinants of a Matrix, Properties ofDeterminants of order, Inverse of a Matrix, Cramer’s rule.

3. Geometry and Vectors : Analytic Geometry of straight lines and conics inCartesian and Polar coordinates; Three Dimensional geometry for planes, straightlines, sphere, cone and cylinder. Addition, Subtraction and Products of Vectorsand Simple applications to Geometry.

4. Calculus : Functions, Sequences, Series, Limits, Continuity, Derivatives.Application of Derivatives : Rates of change, Tangents, Normals, Maxima,Minima, Rolle’s Theorem, Mean Value Theorems of Lagrange and Cauchy,Asymptotes, Curvature. Methods of finding indefinite integrals, Definite Integrals,Fundamental Theorem of integrals Calculus. Application of definite integrals toarea, Length of a plane curve, Volume and Surfaces of revolution.

5. Ordinary Differential Equations : Order and Degree of a Differential Equation,First order differential Equations, Singular solution, Geometrical interpretation,Second order equations with constant coefficients.

6. Mechanics : Concepts of particles-Lamina; Rigid Body; Displacements; force;Mass; weight; Motion; Velocity; Speed; Acceleration; Parallelogram of forces;Parallelogram of velocity, acceleration; resultant; equilibrium of coplanar forces;Moments; Couples; Friction; Centre of mass, Gravity; Laws of motion; Motionof a particle in a straight line; simple Harmonic Motion; Motion under conservativeforces; Motion under gravity; Projectile; Escape velocity; Motion of artificialsatellites.

7. Elements of Computer Programming : Binary system, Octal andHexadecimal systems. Conversion to and from Decimal systems. Codes, Bits,Bytes and Words. Memory of a computer, Arithmetic and Logical operationson numbers. Precisions. AND, OR, XOR, NOT and Shit/Rotate operators,Algorithms and Flow Charts.


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M ATHEMATICS - OPTIONALOF PART B - MAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

PAPER - I1. Linear Algebra:

Vector spaces over R and C, linear dependence and independence, subspaces,bases, dimension; Linear transformations, rank and nullity, matrix of a lineartransformation.Algebra of Matrices; Row and column reduction, Echelon form, congruence’sand similarity; Rank of a matrix; Inverse of a matrix; Solution of system of linearequations; Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, characteristic polynomial, Cayley-Hamilton theorem, Symmetric, skew-symmetric, Hermitian, skew-Hermitian,orthogonal and unitary matrices and their eigenvalues.

2. Calculus:Real numbers, functions of a real variable, limits, continuity, differentiability,mean-value theorem, Taylor’s theorem with remainders, indeterminate forms,maxima and minima, asymptotes; Curve tracing; Functions of two or threevariables: limits, continuity, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, Lagrange’smethod of multipliers, Jacobian.Riemann’s definition of definite integrals; Indefinite integrals; Infinite and improperintegrals; Double and triple integrals (evaluation techniques only); Areas, surfaceand volumes.

3. Analytic Geometry:Cartesian and polar coordinates in three dimensions, second degree equationsin three variables, reduction to canonical forms, straight lines, shortest distancebetween two skew lines; Plane, sphere, cone, cylinder, paraboloid, ellipsoid,hyperboloid of one and two sheets and their properties.

4. Ordinary Differential Equations:Formulation of differential equations; Equations of first order and first degree,integrating factor; Orthogonal trajectory; Equations of first order but not of firstdegree, Clairaut’s equation, singular solution.Second and higher order linear equations with constant coefficients,complementary function, particular integral and general solution.Second order linear equations with variable coefficients, Euler-Cauchy equation;Determination of complete solution when one solution is known using methodof variation of parameters.Laplace and Inverse Laplace transforms and their properties; Laplace transformsof elementary functions. Application to initial value problems for 2

nd order linear

equations with constant coefficients.5. Dynamics & Statics:

Rectilinear motion, simple harmonic motion, motion in a plane, projectiles;constrained motion; Work and energy, conservation of energy; Kepler’s laws,


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orbits under central forces.Equilibrium of a system of particles; Work and potential energy, friction; commoncatenary; Principle of virtual work; Stability of equilibrium, equilibrium of forcesin three dimensions.

6. Vector Analysis:Scalar and vector fields, differentiation of vector field of a scalar variable; Gradient,divergence and curl in cartesian and cylindrical coordinates; Higher orderderivatives; Vector identities and vector equations.Application to geometry: Curves in space, Curvature and torsion; Serret-Frenet’sformulae.Gauss and Stokes’ theorems, Green’s identities.

PAPER - II1. Algebra:

Groups, subgroups, cyclic groups, cosets, Lagrange’s Theorem, normalsubgroups, quotient groups, homomorphism of groups, basic isomorphismtheorems, permutation groups, Cayley’s theorem.Rings, subrings and ideals, homomorphisms of rings; Integral domains, principalideal domains, Euclidean domains and unique factorization domains; Fields,quotient fields.

2. Real Analysis:Real number system as an ordered field with least upper bound property;Sequences, limit of a sequence, Cauchy sequence, completeness of real line;Series and its convergence, absolute and conditional convergence of series ofreal and complex terms, rearrangement of series.Continuity and uniform continuity of functions, properties of continuous functionson compact sets.Riemann integral, improper integrals; Fundamental theorems of integral calculus.Uniform convergence, continuity, differentiability and integrability for sequencesand series of functions; Partial derivatives of functions of several (two or three)variables, maxima and minima.

3. Complex Analysis:Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations, Cauchy’s theorem, Cauchy’sintegral formula, power series representation of an analytic function, Taylor’sseries; Singularities; Laurent’s series; Cauchy’s residue theorem; Contourintegration.

4. Linear Programming:Linear programming problems, basic solution, basic feasible solution and optimalsolution; Graphical method and simplex method of solutions; Duality.Transportation and assignment problems.

5. Partial differential equations:


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Family of surfaces in three dimensions and formulation of partial differentialequations; Solution of quasilinear partial differential equations of the first order,Cauchy’s method of characteristics; Linear partial differential equations of thesecond order with constant coefficients, canonical form; Equation of a vibratingstring, heat equation, Laplace equation and their solutions.

6. Numerical Analysis and Computer programming:Numerical methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations of onevariable by bisection, Regula-Falsi and Newton-Raphson methods; solution ofsystem of linear equations by Gaussian elimination and Gauss-Jordan (direct),Gauss-Seidel(iterative) methods. Newton’s (forward and backward) interpolation,Lagrange’s interpolation.Numerical integration: Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rules, Gaussian quadratureformula.Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Euler and Runga Kutta-methods.Computer Programming: Binary system; Arithmetic and logical operations onnumbers; Octal and Hexadecimal systems; Conversion to and from decimalsystems; Algebra of binary numbers.Elements of computer systems and concept of memory; Basic logic gates andtruth tables, Boolean algebra, normal forms.Representation of unsigned integers, signed integers and reals, double precisionreals and long integers.Algorithms and flow charts for solving numerical analysis problems.

7. Mechanics and Fluid Dynamics:Generalized coordinates; D’ Alembert’s principle and Lagrange’s equations;Hamilton equations; Moment of inertia; Motion of rigid bodies in two dimensions.Equation of continuity; Euler’s equation of motion for inviscid flow; Stream-lines, path of a particle; Potential flow; Two-dimensional and axisymmetricmotion; Sources and sinks, vortex motion; Navier-Stokes equation for a viscousfluid.


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MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1. Statics :Simple applications of equilibrium equations.

2. Dynamics :Simple applications of equations of motion, work, energy and power.

3. Theory of Machines :Simple examples of kinematic chains and their inversions.Different types of gears, bearings, governors, flywheels and their functions.Static and dynamic balancing of rigid rotors.Simple vibration analysis of bars and shafts.Linear automatic control systems.

4. Mechanics of Solids :Stress, strain and Hookes Law. Shear and bending moments in beams. Simplebending and torsion of beams, springs and thin walled cylinders. Elementaryconcepts of elastic stability, mechanical properties and material testing.

5. Manufacturing Science :Mechanics of metal cutting, tool life, economics of machining, cutting toolmaterials. Basic types of machine tool and their processes. Automatic machinetools, transfer lines. Metal forming processes and machines-shearing, drawing,spinning, rolling, forging, extrusion. Types of casting and welding methods.Powder metallurgy and processing of plastics.

6. Manufacturing Management :Methods and time study, motion economy and work space design, operationand flow process charts. Cost estimation, break-even analysis. Location andlayout of plants, material handling. Capital budgeting, job shop and massproduction, scheduling, dispatching, Routing, Inventory.

7. Thermodynamics :Basic concepts, definitions and laws, heat, work and temperature, Zeroth law,temperature scales, behaviour of pure substances, equations of state, first lawand its corollaries, second law and its corollaries. Analysis of air standardpower cycles, Carnot, Otto, diesel, Brayton cycles. Vapour power cycles,Rankine reheat and regenerative cycles, Refrigeration cycles-Bell Coleman,Vapour absorption and Vapour compression cycle analysis, open and closedcycle gas turbine with intercooling, reheating.

8. Energy Conversion :Flow of steam through nozzles, critical pressure ratio, shock formation and itseffect. Steam Generators, mountings and accessories. Impulse and reactionturbines, elements and layout of thermal power plants.


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Hydraulic turbines and pumps, specific speed, layout of hydraulic power plants.Introduction to nuclear reactors and power plants, handling of nuclear waste.

9. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning :Refrigeration equipment and operation and maintenance, refrigerants, principlesof air conditioning, psychrometric chart, comfort zones, humidification anddehumidification.

10. Fluid Mechanics :Hydrostatics, continuity equation, Bernoulli’s theorem, flow through pipes,discharge measurement, laminar and turbulent flow, boundary layer concept.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1. Mechanics:1.1 Mechanics of rigid bodies:

Equations of equilibrium in space and its application; first and second momentsof area; simple problems on friction; kinematics of particles for plane motion;elementary particle dynamics.

1.2 Mechanics of deformable bodies:Generalized Hooke’s law and its application; design problems on axial stress,shear stress and bearing stress; material properties for dynamic loading; bendingshear and stresses in beams;. determination of principle stresses and strains- analytical and graphical; compound and combined stresses; bi-axial stresses- thin walled pressure vessel; material behaviour and design factors for dynamicload; design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only; deflection ofbeam for statically determinate problems; theories of failure.

2. Engineering Materials:Basic concepts on structure of solids; common ferrous and non-ferrous materialsand their applications; heat-treatment of steels; non-metals- plastics, ceramics,composite materials and nano-materials.

3. Theory of Machines:Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms. Cams, Gears andepicyclic gear trains, flywheels, governors, balancing of rigid rotors, balancingof single and multicylinder engines, linear vibration analysis of mechanicalsystems (single degree of freedom), Critical speeds and whirling of shafts.

4. Manufacturing Science:4.1 Manufacturing Process:

Machine tool engineering – Merchant’s force analysis; Taylor’s tool life equation;conventional machining; NC and CNC machining process; jigs and fixtures.Non-conventional machining – EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc;application of lasers and plasmas; energy rate calculations.


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Forming and welding processes- standard processes.Metrology - concept of fits and tolerances; tools and gauges; comparators;inspection of length; position; profile and surface finish.

4.2. Manufacturing Management:System design: factory location- simple OR models; plant layout - methodsbased; applications of engineering economic analysis and break- even analysisfor product selection, process selection and capacity planning; predeterminedtime standards.System planning; forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition,design and balancing of multi model and stochastic assembly lines; inventorymanagement – probabilistic inventory models for order time and order quantitydetermination; JIT systems; strategic sourcing; managing inter plant logistics.System operations and control: Scheduling algorithms for job shops;applications of statistical methods for product and process quality control -applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective, number ofdefectives and defects per unit; quality cost systems; management of resources,organizations and risks in projects.System improvement: Implementation of systems, such as total qualitymanagement, developing and managing flexible, lean and agile organizations.

PAPER - II1. Thermodynamics, Gas Dynamics and Turbine:1.1 Basic concept of First –law and second law of Thermodynamics; concept of

entropy and reversibility; availability and unavailability and irreversibility.1.2 Classification and properties of fluids; incompressible and compressible fluids

flows; effect of Mach number and compressibility; continuity momentum andenergy equations; normal and oblique shocks; one dimensional isentropicflow; flow or fluids in duct with frictions that transfer.

1.3 Flow through fans, blowers and compressors; axial and centrifugal flowconfiguration; design of fans and compressors; single problems compressesand turbine cascade; open and closed cycle gas turbines; work done in thegas turbine; reheat and regenerators.

2. Heat Transfer:2.1 Conduction heat transfer- general conduction equation - Laplace, Poisson

and Fourier equations; Fourier law of conduction; one dimensional steadystate heat conduction applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinder &spheres.

2.2 Convection heat transfer- Newton’s law of convection; free and forcesconvection; heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressiblefluid over a flat plate; concepts of Nusselt number, hydrodynamic and thermalboundary layer their thickness; Prandtl number; analogy between heat andmomentum transfer- Reynolds, Colbum, Prandtl analogies; heat transfer during


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laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes; free convection fromhorizontal and vertical plates.

2.3 Black body radiation - basic radiation laws such as Stefan-Boltzman, Planckdistribution, Wein’s displacement etc.

2.4 Basic heat exchanger analysis; classification of heat exchangers.3. I .C. Engines:3.1 Classification, thermodynamic cycles of operation; determination of break

power, indicated power, mechanical efficiency, heat balance sheet,interpretation of performance characteristics, petrol, gas and diesel engines.

3.2 Combustion in SI and CI engines, normal and abnormal combustion; effect ofworking parameters on knocking, reduction of knocking; Forms of combustionchamber for SI and CI engines; rating of fuels; additives; emission.

3.3 Different systems of IC engines- fuels; lubricating; cooling and transmissionsystems. Alternate fuels in IC engines.

4. Steam Engineering:4.1 Steam generation- modified Rankine cycle analysis; Modern steam boilers;

steam at critical and supercritical pressures; draught equipment; natural andartificial draught; boiler fuels solid, liquid and gaseous fuels. Steam turbines- principle; types; compounding; impulse and reaction turbines; axial thrust.

4.2 Steam nozzles- flow of steam in convergent and divergent nozzle; pressureat throat for maximum discharge with different initial steam conditions suchas wet, saturated and superheated, effect of variation of back pressure;supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles, Wilson line.

4.3 Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility; reheat factor; reheatingand regeneration, methods of governing; back pressure and pass out turbines.

4.4 Steam power plants - combined cycle power generation; heat recovery steamgenerators (HRSG) fired and unfired, co-generation plants.

5. Refrigeration and air-conditioning:5.1 Vapour compression refrigeration cycle - cycle on p-H & T-s diagrams; eco-

friendly refrigerants - R134a,123; Systems like evaporators, condensers,compressor, expansion devices. Simple vapour absorption systems.

5.2 Psychrometry - properties; processes; charts; sensible heating and cooling;humidification and dehumidification effective temperature; air-conditioning loadcalculation; simple duct design.


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MEDICAL SCIENCEPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1. Human AnatomyGeneral principles and basic structural concept of gross anatomy of hipjoint, heart,stomach, lungs, spleen, kidneys, uterus , ovary and adrenal glands.Histological features of parotid gland, bronchi, testis, skin, bone and thyroid gland.Gross anatomy of thalamus, internal capsule, cerebrum, including their blood supply;functional localisation in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, eye, ear, throat,cranial nerves.Embryology of vertebral column, respiratory system and their congenital anomalies.2. Human physiology and biochemistry :Neurophysiology: Sensory receptors, reticular formation, cerebellum and basal ganglia.Reproduction: Regulation of functions of male and female gonads.Cardiovascular system: Mechanical and electrical properties of heart includingECG : regulation of cardio-vascular functions.GI System: bilirubin metabolism, liver function tests,Haematology: haemogolobin synthesis, abnormal hemoglobins.Respiration: regulation of respiration, digestion and absorption of fats, metabolism ofcarbohydrates.Renal Physiology: tubular function, regulation of pH.Nucleic acids: RNA, DNA, genetic code and protein synthesis.3. Pathology and Microbiology : Principles of inflammation, principles ofcarcinogenesis and tumour spread, coronary heart disease, infective diseases of liverand gall bladder, pathogenesis of tuberculosis.Immune system, immunological and serological tests for collagen vascular disease.Histological diagnosis by fluroscent microscopy.Etiology and laboratory diagnosis of diseases caused by Salmonella. Vibrio.Meningococcus and hepatitis virus.Life cycle and laboratory diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica, malarial parasite, ascaros/4. Medicine :Protein energy malnutrition.Medical management of : Coma, cerebro-vascular accidents, status asthamaticus,cardio pulmonary arrest, status epilepticus, acute renal failure.Clinical featues, etiology and treatment of : Coronary heart disease, rheumatic heartdisease, pneumonia, cirrhosis of liver, amoebic liver absess, peptic ulcer, pycolone-phiritis, leprosy, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, poliomyelitis, meningitis,schizophrenia.5. Surgery :Principles of surgical management of severely injured and process of fracture healing.


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Malignant tumours of stomach and their surgical management. Signs, symptoms,investigation and management of fractures of femur, principles of pre-operative andpost-operative care.Clinical manifestations, investigations and management of : Hydrocephalus, Buerger’sdisease, appendicitis, benign prostatic hypertrophy, spinabifida, brochogeniccarcinoma, carcinoma breast, carcinoma colon.Clinical manifestations, investigations and surgical management of : Intestinalobstruction, acute urinary retention, spinal injury, haemorrhagic shock, pneumothorax,pericardial tamponade, haemetemesis.6. Preventive and Social MedicinePrinciples of epidemiology, health care delivery.Concept and general principles of prevention of disease and promotion of health.National health programmes, effects of environmental pollution on health, concept ofbalanced diet, family planning methods.


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MEDICAL SCIENCEPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1. Human Anatomy:

Applied anatomy including blood and nerve supply of upper and lower limbsand joints of shoulder, hip and knee.Gross anatomy, blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tongue, thyroid,mammary gland, stomach, liver, prostate, gonads and uterusApplied anatomy of diaphragm, perineum and inguinal region.Clinical anatomy of kidney, urinary bladder, uterine tubes, vas deferens.Embryology: Placenta and placental barrier. Development of heart, gut,kidney, uterus, ovary, testis and their common congenital abnormalities.Central and peripheral autonomic nervous system: Gross and clinicalanatomy of ventricles of brain, circulation of cerebrospinal fluid; Neuralpathways and lesions of cutaneous sensations, hearing and vision; Cranialnerves, distribution and clinical significance; Components of autonomic nervoussystem.

2. Human Physiology:Conduction and transmission of impulse, mechanism of contraction,neuromuscular transmission, reflexes, control of equilibrium, posture andmuscle tone, descending pathways, functions of cerebellum, basal ganglia,Physiology of sleep and consciousness.Endocrine system: Mechanism of action of hormones, formation, secretion,transport, metabolism, function and regulation of secretion of pancreas andpituitary gland.Physiology of reproductive system: menstrual cycle, lactation, pregnancy.Blood: Development, regulation and fate of blood cells.Cardio-vascular, cardiac output, blood pressure, regulation of cardiovascularfunctions;

3. Biochemistry:Organ function tests-liver, kidney, thyroidProtein synthesis.Vitamins and minerals.Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).Polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Radio - immunoassays (RIA).

4. Pathology:Inflammation and repair, disturbances of growth and cancer, Pathogenesisand histopathology of rheumatic and ischemic heart disease and diabetesmellitus. Differentiation between benign, malignant, primary and metastaticmalignancies, Pathogenesis and histopathology of bronchogenic carcinoma,carcinoma breast, oral cancer, cancer cervix, leukemia, Etiology,pathogenesis and histopathology of - cirrhosis liver, glomerulonephritis,


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tuberculosis, acute osteomyelitis.5. Microbiology:

Humoral and cell mediated immunityDiseases caused by and laboratory diagnosis of-l Meningococcus, Salmonellal Shigella, Herpes, Dengue, Poliol HIV/AIDS, Malaria, E. Histolytica, Giardial Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus

6. Pharmacology:Mechanism of action and side effects of the following drugs

- Antipyretics and analgesics, Antibiotics, Antimalaria; Antikala-azar,Antidiabetics- Antihypertensive, Antidiuretics, General and cardiac vasodilators, Antiviral,Antiparasitic, Antifungal, Immunosuppressants- Anticancer

7. Forensic Medicine and Toxicology:Forensic examination of injuries and wounds; Examination of blood andseminal stains; poisoning, sedative overdose, hanging, drowning, burns, DNAand finger print study.

PAPER - II1. General Medicine:

Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management (includingprevention) of: - Tetanus, Rabies, AIDS, Dengue, Kala-azar, JapaneseEncephalitis.Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and principles of management of:Ischaemic heart disease, pulmonary embolism.Bronchial asthma.Pleural effusion, tuberculosis, Malabsorption syndromes, acid peptic diseases,Viral hepatitis and cirrhosis of liver.Glomerulonerphritis and pyelonephritis, renal failure, nephrotic syndrome,renovascular hypertension, complications of diabetes mellitus, coagulationdisorders, leukemia, Hypo and hyper thyrodism, meningitis and encephalitis.Imaging in medical problems, ultrasound, echocardiogram, CT scan, MRI.Anxiety and Depressive Psychosis and schizophrenia and ECT.

2. Pediatrics:Immunization, Baby friendly hospital, congenital cyanotic heart disease,respiratory distress syndrome, broncho - pneumonias, kernicterus. IMNCIclassification and management, PEM grading and management. ARI andDiarrhea of under five and their management.

3. Dermatology:Psoriasis, Allergic dermatitis, scabies, eczema, vitiligo, Stevan Johnson’ssyndrome, Lichen Planus.


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4. General Surgery:Clinical features, causes, diagnosis and principles of management of cleftpalate, harelip.Laryngeal tumor, oral and esophageal tumors.Peripheral arterial diseases, varicose veins, coarctation of aortaTumors of Thyroid, Adrenal GlandsAbscess, cancer, fibroadenoma and adenosis of breast.Bleeding peptic ulcer, tuberculosis of bowel, ulcerative colitis, cancer stomach.Renal mass,cancer Prostate..Haemothorax, stones of Gall bladder, Kidney, Ureter and Urinary Bladder.Management of surgical conditions of Rectum, Anus and Anal canal, Gallbladder and Bile ductsSplenomegaly, cholecystitis, portal hypertension, liver abscess, peritonitis,carcinoma head of pancreas.Fractures of spine, Colles’ fracture and bone tumors.EndoscopyLaprascopic Surgery.

5. Obstetrics and Gynaecology including Family Planning:Diagnosis of pregnancy.Labour management, complications of 3rd stage, Antepartum and postpartumhemorrhage, resuscitation of the newborn, Management of abnormal lie anddifficult labour, Management of small for date or premature newborn.Diagnosis and management of anemia. Preeclampsia and Toxaemias ofpregnancy, Management of Post menopausal Syndrome.Intra-uterine devices, pills, tubectomy and vasectomy. Medical termination ofpregnancy including legal aspects.Cancer cervix.Leucorrhoea, pelvic pain, infertility, dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB),amenorrhoea, Fibroid and prolapse of uterus.

6. Community Medicine (Preventive and Social Medicine):Principles, methods, approach and measurements of EpidemiologyNutrition, nutritional diseases / disorders & Nutrition Programmes.Health information Collection, Analysis and Presentation.Objectives, components and critical analysis of National programmes forcontrol/eradication of:Malaria, Kala-azar, Filaria and Tuberculosis,HIV/AIDS, STDs and DengueCritical appraisal of Health care delivery system.Health management and administration: Techniques, Tools, ProgrammeImplementation and Evaluation.Objective, Component, Goals and Status of Reproductive and Child Health,National Rural Health Mission and Millennium Development GoalsManagement of hospital and industrial waste.


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PHILOSOPHYPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Section-’A’Problems of Philosophy

1. Substance and Attributes : Aristole, Descartes, Locke, Berkeley’s criticism,Nyaya-Viasesika, Buddhist criticism of Pudgala.

2. God, Soul and the World : Thomas Acquinas, St. Augustine, Spinoza, Descartes,Nyaya-Vaisesika, Sankara, Ramanuja.

3. Universals : Realism and Nominalism (Plato, Aristotle, Berkeley’s criticism ofabstract ideas, Nyay-Vaisesika, Buddhism).

4. Bases of Knowledge : Pramanavada in Carvaka, Nyaya-Vaisesika, Buddhism,Advaita Vedanta.

5. Truth and Error : Correspondence Theory, Coherence theory, Pragmatic Theory;Khyativada (Anyathakhyati, Akhyati, Anivacaniyakhyati).

6. Matter and Mind : Descartes, Spinoza, Leibnitz, Berkerley.Section-B

Logic1. Truth and Validity2. Classification of sentences : Traditional and Modern.3. Syllogism : Figures and Moods; Rules of Syllogism (General and special)

validation by Venn Diagrames; Formal Fallacies.4. Sentential Calculus : Symbolisation; Truth-Functions and their interdefinability;

Truth Tables; Formal Proof.Section- C

Ethics1. Statement of fact and statement of value.2. Right and Good; Teleology and Deontology.3. Psychological Hedonism.4. Utilitarianism (Bentham; J.S. Mill).5. Kantian Ethics.6. Problem of the freedom of will.7. Moral Judgements : Descriptivism, Prescriptivism, Emotivism.8. Niskamakarma : Sthitaprajna.9. Jaina Ethics10. Four Noble Truths and Eight fold path in Buddhism.11. Gandhian Ethics : Satya, Ahimsa, Ends and Means.


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PHILOSOPHYPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - IHistory and Problems of Philosophy:1. Plato and Aristotle: Ideas; Substance; Form and Matter; Causation; Actuality

and Potentiality.2. Rationalism (Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz): Cartesian Method and Certain

Knowledge; Substance; God; Mind-Body Dualism; Determinism and Freedom.3. Empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume): Theory of Knowledge; Substance and

Qualities; Self and God; Scepticism.4. Kant: Possibility of Synthetic a priori Judgments; Space and Time; Categories;

Ideas of Reason; Antinomies; Critique of Proofs for the Existence of God5. Hegel: Dialectical Method; Absolute Idealism6. Moore, Russell and Early Wittgenstein: Defence of Commonsense; Refutation

of Idealism; Logical Atomism; Logical Constructions; Incomplete Symbols;Picture Theory of Meaning; Saying and Showing.

7. Logical Positivism: Verification Theory of Meaning; Rejection of Metaphysics;Linguistic Theory of Necessary Propositions.

8. Later Wittgenstein: Meaning and Use; Language-games; Critique of PrivateLanguage.

9. Phenomenology (Husserl): Method; Theory of Essences; Avoidance ofPsychologism.

10. Existentialism (Kierkegaard, Sartre, Heidegger): Existence and Essence;Choice, Responsibility and Authentic Existence; Being-in-the –world andTemporality.

11. Quine and Strawson: Critique of Empiricism; Theory of Basic Particulars andPersons.

12. Cârvâka : Theory of Knowledge; Rejection of Transcendent Entities.13. Jainism: Theory of Reality; Saptabhaòginaya; Bondage and Liberation.14. Schools of Buddhism: Pratîtyasamutpâda; Ksanikavada, Nairâtmyavâda15. Nyâya- Vaiúesika: Theory of Categories; Theory of Appearance; Theory of

Pramâna; Self, Liberation; God; Proofs for the Existence of God; Theory ofCausation; Atomistic Theory of Creation.

16. Sâmkhya: Prakrti; Purusa; Causation; Liberation17. Yoga: Citta; Cittavrtti; Klesas; Samadhi; Kaivalya.18. Mimâmsâ: Theory of Knowledge19. Schools of Vedânta: Brahman; Îúvara; Âtman; Jiva; Jagat; Mâyâ; Avidyâ;

Adhyâsa; Moksa; Aprthaksiddhi; Pancavidhabheda20. Aurobindo: Evolution, Involution; Integral Yoga.


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PAPER – II Socio-Political Philosophy1. Social and Political Ideals: Equality, Justice, Liberty.2. Sovereignty: Austin, Bodin, Laski, Kautilya.3. Individual and State: Rights; Duties and Accountability4. Forms of Government: Monarchy; Theocracy and Democracy.5. Political Ideologies: Anarchism; Marxism and Socialism6. Humanism; Secularism; Multiculturalism.7. Crime and Punishment: Corruption, Mass Violence, Genocide, Capital

Punishment.8. Development and Social Progress.9. Gender Discrimination: Female Foeticide, Land and Property Rights;

Empowernment.10. Caste Discrimination: Gandhi and Ambedkar Philosophy of Religion:1. Notions of God: Attributes; Relation to Man and the World. (Indian and

Western).2. Proofs for the Existence of God and their Critique (Indian and Western).3. Problem of Evil.4. Soul: Immortality; Rebirth and Liberation.5. Reason, Revelation and Faith.6. Religious Experience: Nature and Object (Indian and Western).7. Religion without God.8. Religion and Morality.9. Religious Pluralism and the Problem of Absolute Truth.10. Nature of Religious Language: Analogical and Symbolic; Cognitivist and Non-

cognitive.


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PHYSICSPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

1. Mechanics and WavesDimensional analysis. Newton’s laws of motion and applications, variable masssystems, projectiles. Rotational dynamics-kinetic energy, angular momentum,theorems of moment of intertia and calculations in simple cases. Conservativeforces, frictional forces. Gravitaional potential and intensity due to sphericalobjects. Central forces, Kepler’s problem, escape velocity and artificial satellites(including GPS). Streamline motion, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation. Applicationsof Bernoulli’s equation and Stokes’ law.Special relativity and Lorentz transformation-length contraction, time dilation,mass-energy relation.Simple harmonic motion, Lissajous figures. Damped oscillation, forced oscillationand resonance. Beats, Phase and group velocities. Stationary waves, vibrationof strings and air columns, longitudinal waves in solids. Doppler effect.Ultrasonics and applications.

2. Geometrical and Physical Optics.Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle. Matrix method in paraxialoptics- thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses. Chromaticand spherical aberrations. Simple optical instruments-magnifier, eyepieces,telescopes and microscopes.Huygens’ principle-reflection and refraction of waves. Interference of light-Young’sexperiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thin films, Michelson interferometer.Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power.Fresnel diffraction-half-period zones and zone plate. Production and detectionof linearly, circularly and elliptically polarised light. Double refraction, quarter-waves plates and half-wave plates. Polarizing sheets. Optical activity andapplications. Rayleigh scattering and applications.Elements of fibre optics-attenuation; pulse dispersion in step index and parabolicindex fibres; material dispersion. Lasers, characteristics of laser light-spatialand temporal coherence. Focussing of laser beams and applciations.

3. Heat and ThermodynamicsThermal equilibrium and temperature. The zeroth law of thermodynamics. Heatand the first law of thermodynamics. Efficiency of Carnot engines. Entropy andthe second law of thermodynamics. Kinetic theory and the equation of state ofan ideal gas. Mean free path, distribution of molecular speeds and energies.Trasport phenomena. Andrew’s experiements-van der Waals equation andapplications. Joule-Kelvin effect and applications. Brownian motion.Thermodynamic potentials-Maxwell relations. Phase transitions. Kirchhoff’slaws. Black-body radiation-Stefan-Boltzmann law, spectral radiancy, Wien


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displacement law, application to the cosmic microwave background radiation,Planck radiation law.

4. Electricity and MagnetismElectric charge, Coulomb’s law, electric field, Gauss’ law. Electric potential,van de Graff accelerator. Capacitors, dielectrics and polarization. Ohm’s law,Kirchhoff’s first and second rules, resistors in series and parallel, applicationsto two-loop circuits. Magnietic field-Gauss’law for magnetism, atomic andnuclear magnetism, magnetic susceptibility, classification of magnetic materials.Cirulating charges, cyclotron, synchrotron. Hall effect. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’slaw, Faraday’s law of induction., Lenz’s law. Inductance. Alternating currentcircuits-RC, LR, single-loop LRC circuits, impedance, resonance, power in ACcircuits. Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations (MKS units),electromagnetic waves, energy transport and Poynting vector.

5. Atomic and Nuclear PhysicsPhotoelectric effect, Einstein’s photon theory. Bohr’s theory of hydrogen atom.Stern-Gerlach experiment, quantisation of angular momentum, electron spin.Pauli exclusion principle and applications. Zeeman effect. X-ray spectrum,Bragg’s law, Bohr’s theory of the Mosley plot. Compton effect, Comptonwavelength. Wave nature of matter, de Broglie wavelength, wave-particle duality.Heisenberg’s uncertainty relationships. Schroedinger’s equation-eigenvaluesand eigenfunctions of (i) particle in a box, (ii) simple harmonic oscillator and (iii)hydrogen atom. Potential step and barrier penetration. Natural and artificialradioactivity. Binding energy of nuclei, nuclear fission and fusion. Classificationof elementary particles and their interactions.

6. ElectronicsDiodes in half-waves and full-wave rectification, qualitative ideas ofsemiconductors, p type and n type semiconductors, junction diode, Zener diode,transistors, binary numbers, Logic gates and truth tables, Elements ofmicroprocessors and computers.

PHYSICSPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1. (a) Mechanics of Particles:

Laws of motion; conservation of energy and momentum, applications to rotatingframes, centripetal and Coriolis accelerations; Motion under a central force;Conservation of angular momentum, Kepler’s laws; Fields and potentials;Gravitational field and potential due to spherical bodies, Gauss and Poissonequations, gravitational self-energy; Two-body problem; Reduced mass;Rutherford scattering; Centre of mass and laboratory reference frames.

(b) Mechanics of Rigid Bodies:System of particles; Centre of mass, angular momentum, equations of motion;


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Conservation theorems for energy, momentum and angular momentum; Elasticand inelastic collisions; Rigid body; Degrees of freedom, Euler’s theorem,angular velocity, angular momentum, moments of inertia, theorems of paralleland perpendicular axes, equation of motion for rotation; Molecular rotations(as rigid bodies); Di and tri-atomic molecules; Precessional motion; top,gyroscope.

(c) Mechanics of Continuous Media:Elasticity, Hooke’s law and elastic constants of isotropic solids and theirinter-relation; Streamline (Laminar) flow, viscosity, Poiseuille’s equation,Bernoulli’s equation, Stokes’ law and applications.

(d) Special Relativity:Michelson-Morley experiment and its implications; Lorentz transformations-length contraction, time dilation, addition of relativistic velocities, aberrationand Doppler effect, mass-energy relation, simple applications to a decayprocess; Four dimensional momentum vector; Covariance of equations ofphysics.

2. Waves and Optics:(a) Waves:

Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced oscillation and resonance;Beats; Stationary waves in a string; Pulses and wave packets; Phase andgroup velocities; Reflection and Refraction from Huygens’ principle.

(b) Geometrical Optics:Laws of reflection and refraction from Fermat’s principle; Matrix method inparaxial optics-thin lens formula, nodal planes, system of two thin lenses,chromatic and spherical aberrations.

(c) Interference:Interference of light-Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, interference by thinfilms, Michelson interferometer; Multiple beam interference and Fabry-Perotinterferometer.

(d) Diffraction:Fraunhofer diffraction-single slit, double slit, diffraction grating, resolving power;Diffraction by a circular aperture and the Airy pattern; Fresnel diffraction: half-period zones and zone plates, circular aperture.

(e) Polarization and Modern Optics:Production and detection of linearly and circularly polarized light; Doublerefraction, quarter wave plate; Optical activity; Principles of fibre optics,attenuation; Pulse dispersion in step index and parabolic index fibres; Materialdispersion, single mode fibres; Lasers-Einstein A and B coefficients; Rubyand He-Ne lasers; Characteristics of laser light-spatial and temporalcoherence; Focusing of laser beams; Three-level scheme for laser operation;Holography and simple applications.


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3. Electricity and Magnetism:(a) Electrostatics and Magnetostatics:

Laplace and Poisson equations in electrostatics and their applications; Energyof a system of charges, multipole expansion of scalar potential; Method ofimages and its applications; Potential and field due to a dipole, force andtorque on a dipole in an external field; Dielectrics, polarization; Solutions toboundary-value problems-conducting and dielectric spheres in a uniformelectric field; Magnetic shell, uniformly magnetized sphere; Ferromagneticmaterials, hysteresis, energy loss.

(b) Current Electricity:Kirchhoff’s laws and their applications; Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law,Faraday’s law, Lenz’ law; Self-and mutual-inductances; Mean and r m svalues in AC circuits; DC and AC circuits with R, L and C components;Series and parallel resonances; Quality factor; Principle of transformer.

(c) Electromagnetic Waves and Blackbody Radiation:Displacement current and Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in vacuum,Poynting theorem; Vector and scalar potentials; Electromagnetic field tensor,covariance of Maxwell’s equations; Wave equations in isotropic dielectrics,reflection and refraction at the boundary of two dielectrics; Fresnel’s relations;Total internal reflection; Normal and anomalous dispersion; Rayleigh scattering;Blackbody radiation and Planck’s radiation law, Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’sdisplacement law and Rayleigh-Jeans’ law.

4. Thermal and Statistical Physics:(a) Thermodynamics:

Laws of thermodynamics, reversible and irreversible processes, entropy;Isothermal, adiabatic, isobaric, isochoric processes and entropy changes;Otto and Diesel engines, Gibbs’ phase rule and chemical potential; van derWaals equation of state of a real gas, critical constants; Maxwell-Boltzmandistribution of molecular velocities, transport phenomena, equipartition andvirial theorems; Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye’s theories of specific heatof solids; Maxwell relations and applications; Clausius- Clapeyron equation;Adiabatic demagnetisation, Joule-Kelvin effect and liquefaction of gases.

(b) Statistical Physics:Macro and micro states, statistical distributions, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions, applications to specific heat of gasesand blackbody radiation; Concept of negative temperatures.

PAPER - II1. Quantum Mechanics:

Wave-particle dualitiy; Schroedinger equation and expectation values;Uncertainty principle; Solutions of the one-dimensional Schroedinger equationfor a free particle (Gaussian wave-packet), particle in a box, particle in a


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finite well, linear harmonic oscillator; Reflection and transmission by a steppotential and by a rectangular barrier; Particle in a three dimensional box,density of states, free electron theory of metals; Angular momentum; Hydrogenatom; Spin half particles, properties of Pauli spin matrices.

2. Atomic and Molecular Physics:Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, fine structure of hydrogen atom; L-S coupling, J-J coupling; Spectroscopic notation of atomic states; Zeemaneffect; Frank-Condon principle and applications; Elementary theory ofrotational, vibratonal and electronic spectra of diatomic molecules; Ramaneffect and molecular structure; Laser Raman spectroscopy; Importance ofneutral hydrogen atom, molecular hydrogen and molecular hydrogen ion inastronomy; Fluorescence and Phosphorescence; Elementary theory andapplications of NMR and EPR; Elementary ideas about Lamb shift and itssignificance.

3. Nuclear and Particle Physics:Basic nuclear properties-size, binding energy, angular momentum, parity,magnetic moment; Semi-empirical mass formula and applications, massparabolas; Ground state of deuteron, magnetic moment and non-centralforces; Meson theory of nuclear forces; Salient features of nuclear forces;Shell model of the nucleus - successes and limitations; Violation of parity inbeta decay; Gamma decay and internal conversion; Elementary ideas aboutMossbauer spectroscopy; Q-value of nuclear reactions; Nuclear fission andfusion, energy production in stars; Nuclear reactors.Classification of elementary particles and their interactions; Conservationlaws; Quark structure of hadrons; Field quanta of electroweak and stronginteractions; Elementary ideas about unification of forces; Physics of neutrinos.

4. Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics:Crystalline and amorphous structure of matter; Different crystal systems,space groups; Methods of determination of crystal structure; X-ray diffraction,scanning and transmission electron microscopies; Band theory of solids -conductors, insulators and semiconductors; Thermal properties of solids,specific heat, Debye theory; Magnetism: dia, para and ferromagnetism;Elements of superconductivity, Meissner effect, Josephson junctions andapplications; Elementary ideas about high temperature superconductivity.Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; p-n-p and n-p-n transistors; Amplifiersand oscillators; Op-amps; FET, JFET and MOSFET; Digital electronics-Boolean identities, De Morgan’s laws, logic gates and truth tables; Simplelogic circuits; Thermistors, solar cells; Fundamentals of microprocessorsand digital computers.


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POLITICAL SCIENCEPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Section-A1. Political Science : Nature & scope of the discipline, relationship with allied

disciplines like History, Economics, Philosophy, Sociology, Psychology.2. Meaning of Politics : Approaches to the study of Politics.3. Key Concepts : State, Soceity, Sovereignty, Power, Citizenship, Nation, Global

order and Imperialism.4. Political Ideas : Rights, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rule of Law. Civil Soceity

Swaraj, Revolution, Democratic Participation.5. Democracy : Meaning and Theories of Democracy, Electoral system, Forms

of Representation & Participation, Political accountability.6. Political Ideologies : Liberalism, Neoliberalism, Marxism, Socialism,

Fascism, Gandhism.7. Party System and Political Process : Therories of Party System, National

and regional parties, Political Parties in the Third World. Patterns of coalitionpolitics, interest and pressure groups.

8. Forms of Government : Parliamentary and Presidential. Federal & unitaryModes of decentralisation.

9. Bureaucracy Concept : Theories, Weber and critiques of Bureaucracy.10. Theories of Development : Meaning and various approaches. Concept and

Theories of underdevelopment Debates in the Third World.11. Social Movements : Meaning, Theories & Forms, Role of Environmental

Feminist Peasant & workers movements, Role of Non Government organisation.12. Nationalism and Internationalism :13. Major theories of International relations : Realist Marxist, Systems &

Decision making & Game theory.14. State & the Global order : Neo-Liberalism, globalisation, structural adjustment,

regional economic integration, Nature and Impact of globalisation.Section-B

Indian Government and politics1. Approaches to the study of Governments : Comparative historical, legal

institutional, political economy and political sociology, approaches.2. Classification of Political systems : Democratic and Authoritarian,

characteristics of Political systems in the third world.3. Typologies of constitutions; Basic features of these constitutions &

governments : including U.K., USA. France, Germany, China, and SouthAfrica.

4. Constitutional development : in India during British Rule-A historical


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perspective.5. Constituent Assembly : philosophical and socio-economic dimensions. Salient

features of the Indian Constitution.6. Nature of Indian federalism : Centre-state relations, legislative, administrative,

financial and political; politics of regional move and National Integration.7. Fundamental Rights : Constitutional provisions and political dynamics. Judicial

Interpretations and socio political realities; Fundamental Duties.8. The Union Executive : President, Prime Minister and the Council of Ministers,

Constitutional provisions & framework and political trends.9. Parliament : Powers and functions of the Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha;

Parliamentary Committees; Functioning of the Parliamentary system in India.10. The Judiciary : The Supreme Court , Judicial Review Judicial Activism, Public

Intrest Litigation; Judicial Reforms.11. The State Executive : Governor, Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers;

Constitutional Provisions and Political trends.12. Indian Party System : Evolution and Contemporay trends; coalition government

at the Centre and States, pressure groups in Indian politics.13. The interaction of Government & Scientific & Technology business :

Previous and now their inter relationship and changing roles in Society, Elites,Role of Pressure groups class and voluntary associations in society.

14. Local Government & Politics : Panchayti Raj and Municipal Government,structure power & functions. Political realities, significance of 73rd and 74thAmendements, role of women in Panchayats.

15. Bureaucracy and Development : Post-colonial India; its changing role in thecontext of liberatis after, bureauratic Accountability.

16. Challenges to Indian Democracy :a) Communalism Regionalism violence, criminalisation and corruption.b) Regional disparities, environmental degradation, illiteracy, Mass Poverty,

Population, growth, caste oppressions and socio economic inequalitiesamong backward classes.

POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS - OPTIONALOF PART B - MAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

PAPER - IPolitical Theory and Indian Politics:1. Political Theory: meaning and approaches.2. Theories of the State: Liberal, Neo-liberal, Marxist, Pluralist, Post-colonial

and feminist.3. Justice: Conceptions of justice with special reference to Rawl’s theory of

justice and its communitarian critiques.4. Equality: Social, political and economic; relationship between equality and


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freedom; Affirmative action.5. Rights: Meaning and theories; different kinds of rights; concept of Human

Rights.6. Democracy: Classical and contemporary theories; different models

of democracy – representative, participatory and deliberative.7. Concept of power, hegemony, ideology and legitimacy.8. Political Ideologies: Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism, Fascism, Gandhism

and Feminism.9. Indian Political Thought : Dharamshastra, Arthashastra and Buddhist

traditions; Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Sri Aurobindo, M.K. Gandhi, B.R.Ambedkar, M.N. Roy .

10. Western Political Thought: Plato, Aristotle, Machiavelli, Hobbes, Locke, JohnS. Mill, Marx, Gramsci, Hannah Arendt.

Indian Government and Politics:1. Indian Nationalism:

(a) Political Strategies of India’s Freedom Struggle: Constitutionalism to massSatyagraha, Non-cooperation, Civil Disobedience; Militant and revolutionarymovements, Peasant and workers’ movements.

(b) Perspectives on Indian National Movement: Liberal, Socialist and Marxist;Radical humanist and Dalit.

2. Making of the Indian Constitution: Legacies of the British rule; different socialand political perspectives.

3. Salient Features of the Indian Constitution: The Preamble, Fundamental Rightsand Duties, Directive Principles; Parliamentary System and AmendmentProcedures; Judicial Review and Basic Structure doctrine.

4. (a) Principal Organs of the Union Government: Envisaged role and actual workingof the Executive, Legislature and Supreme Court.

(b) Principal Organs of the State Government: Envisaged role and actual workingof the Executive, Legislature and High Courts.

5. Grassroots Democracy: Panchayati Raj and Municipal Government;significance of 73 rd and 74 th Amendments; Grassroot movements.

6. Statutory Institutions/Commissions: Election Commission, Comptroller andAuditor General, Finance Commission, Union Public Service Commission,National Commission for Scheduled Castes, National Commission forScheduled Tribes, National Commission for Women; National Human RightsCommission, National Commission for Minorities, National Backward ClassesCommission.

7. Federalism: Constitutional provisions; changing nature of centre-staterelations; integrationist tendencies and regional aspirations; inter-statedisputes.


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8. Planning and Economic Development : Nehruvian and Gandhian perspectives;role of planning and public sector; Green Revolution, land reforms and agrarianrelations; liberalilzation and economic reforms.

9. Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics.10. Party System: National and regional political parties, ideological and social

bases of parties; patterns of coalition politics; Pressure groups, trends inelectoral behaviour; changing socio- economic profile of Legislators.

11. Social Movements: Civil liberties and human rights movements; women’smovements; environmentalist movements.

PAPER – IIComparative Politics and International RelationsComparative Political Analysis and International Politics:1. Comparative Politics: Nature and major approaches; political economy and

political sociology perspectives; limitations of the comparative method.2. State in comparative perspective: Characteristics and changing nature of the

State in capitalist and socialist economies, and, advanced industrial anddeveloping societies.

3. Politics of Representation and Participation: Political parties, pressure groupsand social movements in advanced industrial and developing societies.

4. Globalisation: Responses from developed and developing societies.5. Approaches to the Study of International Relations: Idealist, Realist, Marxist,

Functionalist and Systems theory.6. Key concepts in International Relations: National interest, Security and power;

Balance of power and deterrence; Transnational actors and collective security;World capitalist economy and globalisation.

7. Changing International Political Order:(a) Rise of super powers; strategic and ideological Bipolarity, arms race and Cold

War; nuclear threat;(b) Nonaligned movement: Aims and achievements;(c) Collapse of the Soviet Union; Unipolarity and American hegemony; relevance

of non-alignment in the contemporary world. 8. Evolution of the International Economic System: From Brettonwoods to WTO;

Socialist economies and the CMEA (Council for Mutual EconomicAssistance); Third World demand for new international economic order;Globalisation of the world economy.

9. United Nations: Envisaged role and actual record; specialized UN agencies-aims and functioning; need for UN reforms.

10. Regionalisation of World Politics: EU, ASEAN, APEC, SAARC, NAFTA.11. Contemporary Global Concerns: Democracy, human rights, environment,

gender justice, terrorism, nuclear proliferation.


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India and the World:1. Indian Foreign Policy: Determinants of foreign policy; institutions of policy-

making; continuity and change.2. India’s Contribution to the Non-Alignment Movement: Different phases; current

role.3. India and South Asia:

(a) Regional Co-operation: SAARC – past performance and future prospects.(b) South Asia as a Free Trade Area.(c) India’s “Look East” policy.(d) Impediments to regional co-operation: river water disputes; illegal cross-border

migration; ethnic conflicts and insurgencies; border disputes.4. India and the Global South: Relations with Africa and Latin America; leadership

role in the demand for NIEO and WTO negotiations.5. India and the Global Centres of Power: USA, EU, Japan, China and Russia.6. India and the UN System: Role in UN Peace-keeping; demand for Permanent

Seat in the Security Council.7. India and the Nuclear Question: Changing perceptions and policy.8. Recent developments in Indian Foreign policy: India’s position on the recent

crises in Afghanistan, Iraq and West Asia, growing relations with US andIsrael; vision of a new world order.


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PSYCHOLOGYPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1. Introduction to psychology :Concept and definition of psychology. Nature and Scope. Branches ofpsychology. Application of psychology to soceity and social problems.

2. Methods in Psychology :Characteristics of psychological studies, Observation. Survey method, Clinicaland case study method. Experimental method. Application of the method.

3. Quantitive Analysis :Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Correlation. Levels ofmeasurement. Reliability and validity. Application in test construction.

4. Physiological Psychology :Structure of neuron, nerve impulses, synapse and neurotransmitters. Centraland peripheral nervous system-structure and neural control of behaviour.Hemispheric specialisation. Endocrine system and hormonal control ofbehaviour. Application of hemispheric knowledge to diagnostic purposes.

5. Development of human behaviour :Individual Differences : Heredity and environment. Life span developent. Role ofearly experience and mastering of developmental tasks. Sensitive or criticalperiods of development in human life cycle and its application.

6. Perception :Preceptual processes. Perceputal organsiation. Perception of form, colour, depthand time. Perceptual readiness and constancy. Role of motivation, social andcultural factors in perception. Application of knowledge of perception to skilldevelopment (e.g. for certain jobs like that of driving, airline pilots etc.)

7. Learning :Classical conditioning and operant conditioning. Modeling and observationallearning. Transfer of training. Learing and motivation. Application of the above tothe improvement of academic performance in education.

8. Memory :Physiological basis of memory. Memory and forgetting. Measurement of memory(Recall, Recognition, Relearning). Short term and long term memory. Theoriesof forgetting (Decay and Interference theories and Repressive forgetting).Application of Mnemonic devices etc, to improving memory.

9. Cognition and Language :Concept of formation. Nature and development of thinking. Language and thoughtand acquisition of language. Problem solving. Creative thinking and itsapplications.


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10. Intelligence and Aptitude :Definition and concept. Theories and models of Intelligence. Measurement ofintelligence and aptitude. Exceptional intelligence. Mental retardation. Conceptsof multiple, emotional and artificial intelligence and their application.

11. Motivation and Emotion :Definition and concept of instinct, needs, drives and motives. Theories ofmotivation and their application (drive reduction theory, Maslow’s motivationalhierarchy). Social motivation: Achievement, power, affiliation motives andinfluence of early experiences. Physiological basis of emotion. Theories ofemotion (James-Lange and Cannon-Brad theories, cognitive physiologicaltheory).

12. Personality :Concepts and Definition of personality. Sutdy of personality (Trait, type andeclectic approaches) Development of personality (Freud, Erikson, Biologicaland socio-cultural determinants). Measurement of Personality (Projective tests,pencil-paper tests). Application of personality profiles in fitting a person to ajob.

13. Adjustment and Stress :Concept and definition. Factors affecting adjustment (frustration and conflict).Sources of stress and reactions to stress. Coping with stress. Application ofstress management techniques.

14. Social Behaviour :Socio-cultural factors and behaviour. Development of attitudes, stereotypesand prejudice, Measurement of Attidutes (Thurstone, Likert attitude scale andBogardus Social Distance scale). Strategies for reducing prejudice and changingatitude. Person perception, implicit personality theory and integratingimpressions. Application of person perception to impression management.

15. Application of Psychology :Health and mental health (yoga, meditation and relaxation therapies). Education(Programmed learning,. self instructional learning and learning styles).Community (self help through group cohesiveness and leadership). Industry(Assessment centre approach in selection, recruitment and training).Environment (man-nature interaction, personal space concept, pollutionreduction) Information technology (Application to commercial, educational andhealth areas).

PSYCHOLOGYPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - IFoundations of Psychology1. Introduction: Definition of Psychology; Historical antecedents of Psychology

and trends in the 21st century; Psychology and scientific methods; Psychology


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in relation to other social sciences and natural sciences; Application ofPsychology to societal problems.

2. Methods of Psychology: Types of research: Descriptive, evaluative, diagnosticand prognostic; Methods of Research: Survey, observation, case-study andexperiments; Characteristics of experimental design and non-experimentaldesign, Quasi-experimental designs; Focussed group discussions, brainstorming, grounded theory approach.

3. Research Methods: Major steps in Psychological research (problemstatement, hypothesis formulation, research designs, sampling, tools of datacollection, analysis and interpretation and report writing) Fundamental versusapplied research; Methods of data collection (interview, observation,questionnaire); Research designs (ex-post facto and experimental);Application of statistical technique (t - test, two way ANOVA correlation,regression and factor analysis); Item response theory.

4. Development of Human Behaviour: Growth and development; Principlesof development, Role of genetic and environmental factors in determininghuman behaviour; Influence of cultural factors in socialization; Life spandevelopment - Characteristics, development tasks, promoting psychologicalwell-being across major stages of the life span.

5. Sensation, Attention and Perception: Sensation: concepts of threshold,absolute and difference thresholds, signal-detection and vigilance; Factorsinfluencing attention including set and characteristics of stimulus; Definitionand concept of perception, biological factors in perception; Perceptualorganization-influence of past experiences, perceptual defence-factorsinfluencing space and depth perception, size estimation and perceptualreadiness; The plasticity of perception; Extrasensory perception; Cultureand perception, Subliminal perception.

6. Learning: Concept and theories of learning (Behaviourists, Gestaltalist andInformation processing models); The Processes of extinction, discriminationand generalization; Programmed learning, probability learning, self-instructional learning, concepts; Types and the schedules of reinforcement,escape, avoidance and punishment, modeling and social learning.

7. Memory: Encoding and remembering; Short term memory, Long termmemory, Sensory memory, Iconic memory, Echoic memory: The Multistoremodel, levels of processing; Organization and Mnemonic techniques to improvememory; Theories of forgetting: decay, interference and retrieval failure:Metamemory; Amnesia: Anterograde and retrograde.

8. Thinking and Problem Solving: Piaget’s theory of cognitive development;Concept formation processes; Information processing, Reasoning and problemsolving, Facilitating and hindering factors in problem solving, Methods ofproblem solving: Creative thinking and fostering creativity; Factors influencingdecision making and judgment; Recent trends.


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9. Motivation and Emotion: Psychological and physiological basis of motivationand emotion; Measurement of motivation and emotion; Effects of motivationand emotion on behaviour; Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation; Factorsinfluencing intrinsic motivation; Emotional competence and the related issues.

10. Intelligence and Aptitude: Concept of intelligence and aptitude, Natureand theories of intelligence - Spearman, Thurstone, Gullford Vernon, Sternbergand J.P; Das; Emotional Intelligence, Social intelligence, measurement ofintelligence and aptitudes, concept of IQ, deviation IQ, constancy of IQ;Measurement of multiple intelligence; Fluid intelligence and crystallizedintelligence.

11. Personality: Definition and concept of personality; Theories of personality(psychoanalytical, socio-cultural, interpersonal, developmental, humanistic,behaviouristic, trait and type approaches); Measurement of personality(projective tests, pencil-paper test); The Indian approach to personality;Training for personality development; Latest approaches like big 5 factortheory; The notion of self in different traditions.

12. Attitudes, Values and Interests: Definition of attitudes, values and interests;Components of attitudes; Formation and maintenance of attitudes;Measurement of attitudes, values and interests; Theories of attitude change;Strategies for fostering values; Formation of stereotypes and prejudices;Changing others behaviour; Theories of attribution; Recent trends.

13. Language and Communication: Human language - Properties, structureand linguistic hierarchy, Language acquisition-predisposition, critical periodhypothesis; Theories of language development - Skinner and Chomsky;Process and types of communication - effective communication training.

14. Issues and Perspectives in Modern Contemporary Psychology: Computerapplication in the psychological laboratory and psychological testing; Artificialintelligence; Psychocybernetics; Study of consciousness-sleep-wakeschedules; dreams, stimulus deprivation, meditation, hypnotic/drug inducedstates; Extrasensory perception; Intersensory perception Simulation studies.

PAPER - II Psychology: Issues and Applications

1. Psychological Measurement of Individual Differences: The nature ofindividual differences; Characteristics and construction of standardizedpsychological tests; Types of psychological tests; Use, misuse and limitationof psychological tests; Ethical issues in the use of psychological tests.

2. Psychological well being and Mental Disorders: Concept of health-illhealth; Positive health, well being; Causal factors in mental disorders (Anxietydisorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia and delusional disorders; personalitydisorders, substance abuse disorders); Factors influencing positive health,well being, life style and quality of life; Happiness disposition.

3. Therapeutic Approaches: Psychodynamic therapies; Behaviour therapies;


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Client centered therapy; Cognitive therapies; Indigenous therapies (Yoga,Meditation); Bio-feedback therapy; Prevention and rehabilitation of thementally ill; Fostering mental health.

4. Work Psychology and Organisational Behaviour: Personnel selectionand training; Use of psychological tests in the industry; Training and humanresource development; Theories of work motivation – Herzberg, Maslow,Adam Equity theory, Porter and Lawler, Vroom; Leadership and participatorymanagement; Advertising and marketing; Stress and its management;Ergonomics; consumer psychology; Managerial effect iveness;Transformational leadership; Sensitivity training; Power and politics inorganizations.

5. Application of Psychology to Educational Field: Psychological principlesunderlying effective teaching-learning process; Learning styles; Gifted,retarded, learning disabled and their training; Training for improving memoryand better academic achievement; Personality development and valueeducation, Educational, vocational guidance and career counseling; Use ofpsychological tests in educational institutions; Effective strategies in guidanceprogrammes.

6. Community Psychology: Definition and concept of community psychology;Use of small groups in social action; Arousing community consciousnessand action for handling social problems; Group decision making and leadershipfor social change; Effective strategies for social change.

7. Rehabilitation Psychology: Primary, secondary and tertiary preventionprogrammes-role of psychologists; Organising of services for rehabilitationof physically, mentally and socially challenged persons including old persons,Rehabilitation of persons suffering from substance abuse, juvenile delinquency,criminal behaviour; Rehabilitation of victims of violence, Rehabilitation ofHIV/AIDS victims, the role of social agencies.

8. Application of Psychology to disadvantaged groups: The concepts ofdisadvantaged, deprivation; Social, physical, cultural and economicconsequences of disadvantaged and deprived groups; Educating andmotivating the disadvantaged towards development; Relative and prolongeddeprivation.

9. Psychological problems of social integration: The concept of socialintegration; The problem of caste, class, religion and language conflicts andprejudice; Nature and manifestation of prejudice between the in-group andout-group; Causal factors of social conflicts and prejudices; Psychologicalstrategies for handling the conflicts and prejudices; Measures to achievesocial integration.

10. Application of Psychology in Information Technology and Mass Media:The present scenario of information technology and the mass media boomand the role of psychologists; Selection and training of psychology


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professionals to work in the field of IT and mass media; Distance learningthrough IT and mass media; Entrepreneurship through e-commerce;Multilevel marketing; Impact of TV and fostering value through IT and massmedia; Psychological consequences of recent developments in InformationTechnology.

11. Psychology and Economic development: Achievement motivation andeconomic development; Characteristics of entrepreneurial behaviour;Motivating and training people for entrepreneurship and economic development;Consumer rights and consumer awareness, Government policies for promotionof entrepreneurship among youth including women entrepreneurs.

12. Application of psychology to environment and related fields:Environmental psychology-effects of noise, pollution and crowding; Populationpsychology: psychological consequences of population explosion and highpopulation density; Motivating for small family norm; Impact of rapid scientificand technological growth on degradation of environment.

13. Application of psychology in other fields:(a) Military Psychology

Devising psychological tests for defence personnel for use in selection,Training, counseling; training psychologists to work with defence personnelin promoting positive health; Human engineering in defence.

(b) Sports PsychologyPsychological interventions in improving performance of athletes and sports.Persons participating in Individual and Team Games.

(c) Media influences on pro and antisocial behaviour.(d) Psychology of terrorism.

14. Psychology of Gender: Issues of discrimination, Management of diversity;Glass ceiling effect, Self fulfilling prophesy, Women and Indian society


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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1. Introduction : Meaning, scope and significance. Evolution and status of thediscipline. Comparative Public Administration and Development Administration.Public and Private Administration: State versus market debate. New PubicAdministration. New Public Management perspective.

2. Basic concepts and principles : Organisation, hierarchy, Unity of command,Span of control, Authority and Responsibility, Co-ordination, Centralization andDecentralization, Delegation, Supervision, Line and Staff.

3. Theories of Administration : Scientific Management (Taylor and the ScientificManagment Movement), Classical Theory (Fayol, Urwick, Gulick and others)Bureaucratic Theory (Weber and his critics). Ideas of Mary Parker Follett andC.I. Barnard; Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others). BehavioralApproach, Systems approach.

4. Administrative Behaviour : Decision making with special reference to H.Simon, communication and control, leadership theories. Theories of motivation(Maslow and Herzberg)

5. Accountability and Control : The concepts of Accountability and control :Legislative, executive and judicial control. Citizen and Administration: Role ofcivil society, people’s participation and Right to Information.

6. Administrative Systems : Comparative administrative features of USA, GreatBritain, France and Japan.

7. Personnel Administration : Role of Civil Service in developing societies;position classification, Recuritment, Training, Promotion, Pay and Serviceconditions. Relations with the Political Executive; Administrative Ethics.

8. Financial Administration : Budget: Concepts and forms. Formulation andexecution of budget, deficit financing and public debt, Accounts and Audit.

9. Union Government and Administration in India. British legacy :Constitutional context of Indian Administration; The President, Prime Ministerand the Council of Ministers; Central Secretariat; Cabinet Secretariat, PrimeMinister’s Office, Planning Commission; Finance Commission; ElectionCommission; Comptroller and Auditor-General of India. Public enterprises:Patterns, role performance and impact of liberalization.

10. Civil Services in India : Recruitment to All India and Central Services. UnionPublic Service Commission; Training of Civil Servants. Generalists andSpecialists. Minister-Civil Servant relationship.

11. State and District Administration : Governor, Chief Minister, Secretariat, ChiefSecretary, Directorates, District Collector: changing role.

12. Local Government : Panchayati Raj and Urban local Government: Mainfeatures, structures, finances and problem areas. 73rd and 74th ConstitutionalAmendements.


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PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER – IAdministrative Theory1. Introduction: Meaning, scope and significance of Public Administration;

Wilson’s vision of Public Administration; Evolution of the discipline and itspresent status; New Public Administration; Public Choice approach;Challenges of liberalization, Privatisation, Globalisation; Good Governance:concept and application; New Public Management.

2. Administrative Thought: Scientific Management and Scientific Managementmovement; Classical Theory; Weber’s bureaucratic model – its critique andpost-Weberian Developments; Dynamic Administration (Mary Parker Follett);Human Relations School (Elton Mayo and others); Functions of the Executive(C.I. Barnard); Simon’s decision-making theory; Participative Management(R. Likert, C.Argyris, D.McGregor).

3. Administrative Behaviour: Process and techniques of decision-making;Communication; Morale; Motivation Theories – content, process andcontemporary; Theories of Leadership: Traditional and Modern.

4. Organisations: Theories – systems, contingency; Structure and forms:Ministries and Departments, Corporations, Companies, Boards andCommissions; Ad hoc and advisory bodies; Headquarters and Fieldrelationships; Regulatory Authorities; Public - Private Partnerships.

5. Accountability and control: Concepts of accountability and control;Legislative, Executive and Judicial control over administration; Citizen andAdministration; Role of media, interest groups, voluntary organizations; Civilsociety; Citizen’s Charters; Right to Information; Social audit.

6. Administrative Law: Meaning, scope and significance; Dicey onAdministrative law; Delegated legislation; Administrative Tribunals.

7. Comparative Public Administration: Historical and sociological factorsaffecting administrative systems; Administration and politics in differentcountries; Current status of Comparative Public Administration; Ecology andadministration; Riggsian models and their critique.

8. Development Dynamics: Concept of development; Changing profile ofdevelopment administration; ‘Anti-development thesis’; Bureaucracy anddevelopment; Strong state versus the market debate; Impact of liberalisationon administration in developing countries; Women and development - theself-help group movement.

9. Personnel Administration: Importance of human resource development;Recruitment, training, career advancement, position classification, discipline,performance appraisal, promotion, pay and service conditions; employer-employee relations, grievance redressal mechanism; Code of conduct;


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Administrative ethics.10. Public Policy: Models of policy-making and their critique; Processes of

conceptualisation, planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and reviewand their limitations; State theories and public policy formulation.

11. Techniques of Administrative Improvement: Organisation and methods,Work study and work management; e-governance and information technology;Management aid tools like network analysis, MIS, PERT, CPM.

12. Financial Administration: Monetary and fiscal policies; Public borrowingsand public debt Budgets - types and forms; Budgetary process; Financialaccountability; Accounts and audit.

PAPER - IIIndian Administration1. Evolution of Indian Administration: Kautilya’s Arthashastra; Mughal

administration; Legacy of British rule in politics and administration -Indianization of public services, revenue administration, district administration,local self-government.

2. Philosophical and Constitutional framework of government: Salientfeatures and value premises; Constitutionalism; Political culture; Bureaucracyand democracy; Bureaucracy and development.

3. Public Sector Undertakings: Public sector in modern India; Forms of PublicSector Undertakings; Problems of autonomy, accountability and control;Impact of liberalization and privatization.

4. Union Government and Administration: Executive, Parliament, Judiciary -structure, functions, work processes; Recent trends; Intragovernmentalrelations; Cabinet Secretariat; Prime Minister’s Office; Central Secretariat;Ministries and Departments; Boards; Commissions; Attached offices; Fieldorganizations.

5. Plans and Priorities: Machinery of planning; Role, composition and functionsof the Planning Commission and the National Development Council; ‘Indicative’planning; Process of plan formulation at Union and State levels; ConstitutionalAmendments (1992) and decentralized planning for economic developmentand social justice.

6. State Government and Administration: Union-State administrative,legislative and financial relations; Role of the Finance Commission; Governor;Chief Minister; Council of Ministers; Chief Secretary; State Secretariat;Directorates.

7. District Administration since Independence: Changing role of the Collector;Union-state-local relations; Imperatives of development management and lawand order administration; District administration and democraticdecentralization.

8. Civil Services: Constitutional position; Structure, recruitment, training and


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capacity-building; Good governance initiatives; Code of conduct and discipline;Staff associations; Political rights; Grievance redressal mechanism; Civilservice neutrality; Civil service activism.

9. Financial Management: Budget as a political instrument; Parliamentarycontrol of public expenditure; Role of finance ministry in monetary and fiscalarea; Accounting techniques; Audit; Role of Controller General of Accountsand Comptroller and Auditor General of India.

10. Administrative Reforms since Independence: Major concerns; ImportantCommittees and Commissions; Reforms in financial management and humanresource development; Problems of implementation.

11. Rural Development: Institutions and agencies since independence; Ruraldevelopment programmes: foci and strategies; Decentralization andPanchayati Raj; 73rd Constitutional amendment.

12. Urban Local Government: Municipal governance: main features, structures,finance and problem areas; 74th Constitutional Amendment; Global-localdebate; New localism; Development dynamics, politics and administrationwith special reference to city management.

13. Law and Order Administration: British legacy; National Police Commission;Investigative agencies; Role of central and state agencies including paramilitaryforces in maintenance of law and order and countering insurgency andterrorism; Criminalisation of politics and administration; Police-publicrelations; Reforms in Police.

14. Significant issues in Indian Administration: Values in public service;Regulatory Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; Problems ofadministration in coalition regimes; Citizen-administration interface; Corruptionand administration; Disaster management.


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SOCIOLOGYPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

Unit I : Basic Concepts :l Society, community, association, institution. Culture-culture change, diffusion,

Cultural-tag, Cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, acculturation.l Social Groups-primary, secondary and reference groups.l Social structure, social system, social action.l Status and role, role conflict, role set.l Norms and values-conformity and deviance.l Law and customs.l Socio-cultural processes :l socialisation, assimilation, integration, cooperation, competition, conflict,

accommodation, Social distance, relative deprivation.Unit II : Marriage, Family and Kinship :l Marriage : types and norms, marriage as contract, and as a sacrament.l Family : types, functions and changes.l Kinships : terms and usages, rules of residence, descent, inheritance.Unit III : Social Stratification :l Forms and functions; Caste and Class. Jajmani system, purity and pollution,

dominant caste, sanskritisation.Unit IV : Types of Society :l Tribal, agrarian, industrial and post-industrial.Unit V : Economy and Society :l Man, nature and social production, economic systems of simple and complex

societies, non-economic determinants of economic behaviour, market (free)economy and controlled (planned) economy.

Unit VI : Industrial and Urban Society :l Rural-Urban Continuum, urban growth and urbanisation-town, city and metropolis;

basic features of industrial society; impact of automation on society;industrialisation and environment.

Unit VII : Social Demography :l Population size, growth, composition, and distribution in India; components of

population growth-births, deaths and migration; causes and consequences ofpopulation growth; population and social development; population policy.

Unit VIII : Political Processes :l Power, authority and legitimacy; political socialisation; political modernisation,

pressure groups; caste and politics.Unit IX : Weaker Sections-and Minorities :l Social justice-equal opportunity and special opportunity; protective


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discrimination; constitutional safeguards.Unit X : Social Change :l Theories of change; factors of change; science, technology and change. Social

movements-Peasant Movement, Women’s Movement, Backward CasteMovement, Dalit Movement.

SOCIOLOGYPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - IFUNDAMENTALS OF SOCIOLOGY1. Sociology - The Discipline:(a) Modernity and social changes in Europe and emergence of sociology.(b) Scope of the subject and comparison with other social sciences.(c) Sociology and common sense.2. Sociology as Science:(a) Science, scientific method and critique.(b) Major theoretical strands of research methodology.(c) Positivism and its critique.(d) Fact value and objectivity.(e) Non- positivist methodologies.3. Research Methods and Analysis:(a) Qualitative and quantitative methods.(b) Techniques of data collection.(c) Variables, sampling, hypothesis, reliability and validity.4. Sociological Thinkers:(a) Karl Marx- Historical materialism, mode of production, alienation, class

struggle.(b) Emile Durkheim- Division of labour, social fact, suicide, religion and society.(c) Max Weber- Social action, ideal types, authority, bureaucracy, protestant

ethic and the spirit of capitalism.(d) Talcolt Parsons- Social system, pattern variables.(e) Robert K. Merton- Latent and manifest functions, conformity and deviance,

reference groups(f) Mead - Self and identity.5. Stratification and Mobility:(a) Concepts- equality, inequality, hierarchy, exclusion, poverty and deprivation(b) Theories of social stratification- Structural functionalist theory, Marxist theory,

Weberian theory.(c) Dimensions – Social stratification of class, status groups, gender, ethnicity

and race.


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(d) Social mobility- open and closed systems, types of mobility, sources andcauses of mobility.

6. Works and Economic Life:(a) Social organization of work in different types of society- slave society, feudal

society, industrial /capitalist society.(b) Formal and informal organization of work(c) Labour and society.7. Politics and Society:(a) Sociological theories of power(b) Power elite, bureaucracy, pressure groups, and political parties.(c) Nation, state, citizenship, democracy, civil society, ideology.(d) Protest, agitation, social movements, collective action, revolution.8. Religion and Society:(a) Sociological theories of religion.(b) Types of religious practices: animism, monism, pluralism, sects, cults.(c) Religion in modern society: religion and science, secularization, religious

revivalism, fundamentalism.9. Systems of Kinship:(a) Family, household, marriage.(b) Types and forms of family.(c) Lineage and descent(d) Patriarchy and sexual division of labour(e) Contemporary trends.10. Social Change in Modern Society:(a) Sociological theories of social change.(b) Development and dependency.(c) Agents of social change.(d) Education and social change.(e) Science, technology and social change.

PAPER - IIINDIAN SOCIETY : STRUCTURE AND CHANGEA. Introducing Indian Society:(i) Perspectives on the study of Indian society:(a) Indology (GS. Ghurye).(b) Structural functionalism (M N Srinivas).(c) Marxist sociology ( A R Desai).(ii) Impact of colonial rule on Indian society :(a) Social background of Indian nationalism.


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(b) Modernization of Indian tradition.(c) Protests and movements during the colonial period.(d) Social reformsB. Social Structure:(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:(a) The idea of Indian village and village studies-(b) Agrarian social structure -

evolution of land tenure system,land reforms.

(ii) Caste System:(a) Perspectives on the study of caste systems: GS Ghurye, M N Srinivas,

Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille.(b) Features of caste system.(c) Untouchability - forms and perspectives(iii) Tribal communities in India:(a) Definitional problems.(b) Geographical spread.(c) Colonial policies and tribes.(d) Issues of integration and autonomy.(iv) Social Classes in India:(a) Agrarian class structure.(b) Industrial class structure.(c) Middle classes in India.(v) Systems of Kinship in India:(a) Lineage and descent in India.(b) Types of kinship systems.(c) Family and marriage in India.(d) Household dimensions of the family.(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour.(vi) Religion and Society:(a) Religious communities in India.(b) Problems of religious minorities.C. Social Changes in India:(i) Visions of Social Change in India:(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy.(b) Constitution, law and social change.(c) Education and social change.(ii) Rural and Agrarian transformation in India:


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(a) Programmes of rural development, Community Development Programme,cooperatives, poverty alleviation schemes.

(b) Green revolution and social change.(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture .(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration.(iii) Industrialization and Urbanisation in India:(a) Evolution of modern industry in India.(b) Growth of urban settlements in India.(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization.(d) Informal sector, child labour(e) Slums and deprivation in urban areas.(iv) Politics and Society:(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship.(b) Political parties, pressure groups , social and political elite.(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power.(d) Secularization(v) Social Movements in Modern India:(a) Peasants and farmers movements.(b) Women’s movement.(c) Backward classes & Dalit movement.(d) Environmental movements.(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements.(vi) Population Dynamics:(a) Population size, growth, composition and distribution.(b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration.(c) Population policy and family planning.(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratios, child and infant mortality, reproductive

health.(vii) Challenges of Social Transformation:(a) Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and

sustainability.(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities.(c) Violence against women.(d) Caste conflicts.(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism, religious revivalism.(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education.


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STATISTICSPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1. ProbabilityRandom experiment, sample space, event, algebra of events, probability on a discretesample space, basic theorems of probability and simple examples based there on,conditional probability of an event, independent events, Bayes’ theorem and itsapplication, discrete and continuous random variables and their distributions,expectation, moments, moment generating function, joint distribution of two or morerandom variables, marginal and conditional distributions, independence of randomvariables, covariance, correlation, coefficient, distribution of function of random variables.Bernoulli, binomial, geometric, negative binomial, hypergeometric, Poisson,multinomial, uniform, beta, exponential, gamma, Cauchy, normal, longnormal andbivariate normal distributions, real-life situations where these distributions provideappropriate models, Chebyshev’s inequality, weak law of large numbers and centrallimit theorem for independent and identically distributed random variables with finitevariance and their simple applications.2. Statistical MethodsConcept of a statistical population and a sample, types of data, presentation andsummarization of data, measures of central tendency, dispersion, skewness andkurtosis, measures of association and contingency, correlation, rank correlation,intraclass correlation, correlation ratio, simple and multiple linear regression, multipleand partial correlations (involving three variables only), curve-fitting and principle ofleast squares, concepts of random sample, parameter and statistic, Z, X2, t and Fstatistics and their properties and applications, distributions of sample range andmedian (for continuous distributions only), censored sampling (concept andillustrations).3. Statistical InferenceUnbiasedness, consistency, efficiency, sufficiency, Completeness, minimum varianceunbiased estimation, Rao-Blackwell theorem, Lehmann-Scheffe theorem, Cramer-Rao inequality and minimum variance bound estimator, moments, maximum likelihood,least squares and minimum chisquare methods of estimation, properties of maximumlikelihood and other estimators, idea of a random interval, confidence intervals for theparamters of standard distributions, shortest confidence intervals, large-sampleconfidence intervals.Simple and composite hypotheses, two kinds of errors, level of significance, size andpower of a test, desirable properties of a good test, most powerful test, Neyman-Pearson lemma and its use in simple example, uniformly most powerful test, likelihoodratio test and its properties and applications.Chi-square test, sign test, Wald-Wolfowitz runs test, run test for randomness, mediantest, Wilcoxon test and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test.


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Wal’s sequential probability ratio test, OC and ASN functions, application to binomialand normal distributions.Loss function, risk function, minimax and Bayes rules.4. Sampling Theory and Design of ExperimentsComplete enumeration vs. sampling, need for sampling, basic concepts in sampling,designing large-scale sample surveys, sampling and non-sampling errors, simplerandom sampling, properties of a good estimator, estimation of sample size, stratifiedrandom sampling, systematic sampling, cluster sampling, ratio and regressionmethods of estimaton under simple and stratified random sampling, double samplingfor ratio and regression methods of estimation, two-stage sampling with equal-sizefirst-stage units.Analysis of variance with equal number of observations per cell in one, two and three-way classifications, analysis of covariance in one and two-way classifications, basicpriniciples of experimental designs, completely randomized design, randomized blockdesign, latin square design, missing plot technique, 2n factorial design, total andpartial confounding, 32 factorial experiments, split-plot design and balanced incompleteblock design.

STATISTICSPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER - I1. Probability:Sample space and events, probability measure and probability space, random variableas a measurable function, distribution function of a random variable, discrete andcontinuous-type random variable, probability mass function, probability density function,vector-valued random variable, marginal and conditional distributions, stochasticindependence of events and of random variables, expectation and moments of arandom variable, conditional expectation, convergence of a sequence of random variablein distribution, in probability, in p-th mean and almost everywhere, their criteria andinter-relations, Chebyshev’s inequality and Khintchine‘s weak law of large numbers,strong law of large numbers and Kolmogoroff’s theorems, probability generating function,moment generating function, characteristic function, inversion theorem, Linderbergand Levy forms of central limit theorem, standard discrete and continuous probabilitydistributions.2. Statistical Inference:Consistency, unbiasedness, efficiency, sufficiency, completeness, ancillary statistics,factorization theorem, exponential family of distribution and its properties, uniformlyminimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimation, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann-Scheffetheorems, Cramer-Rao inequality for single parameter. Estimation by methods ofmoments, maximum likelihood, least squares, minimum chi-square and modifiedminimum chi-square, properties of maximum likelihood and other estimators,asymptotic efficiency, prior and posterior distributions, loss function, risk function,and minimax estimator. Bayes estimators.


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Non-randomised and randomised tests, critical function, MP tests, Neyman-Pearsonlemma, UMP tests, monotone likelihood ratio, similar and unbiased tests, UMPUtests for single parameter likelihood ratio test and its asymptotic distribution.Confidence bounds and its relation with tests.Kolmogoroff’s test for goodness of fit and its consistency, sign test and its optimality.Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and its consistency, Kolmogorov-Smirnov two-sampletest, run test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and median test, their consistency andasymptotic normality.Wald’s SPRT and its properties, OC and ASN functions for tests regarding parametersfor Bernoulli, Poisson, normal and exponential distributions. Wald’s fundamental identity.3. Linear Inference and Multivariate Analysis:Linear statistical models’, theory of least squares and analysis of variance, Gauss-Markoff theory, normal equations, least squares estimates and their precision, test ofsignificance and interval estimates based on least squares theory in one-way, two-way and three-way classified data, regression analysis, linear regression, curvilinearregression and orthogonal polynomials, multiple regression, multiple and partialcorrelations, estimation of variance and covariance components, multivariate normaldistribution, Mahalanobis-D2 and Hotelling’s T 2 statistics and their applications andproperties, discriminant analysis, canonical correlations, principal component analysis.4. Sampling Theory and Design of Experiments:An outline of fixed-population and super-population approaches, distinctive featuresof finite population sampling, probability sampling designs, simple random samplingwith and without replacement, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling andits efficacy , cluster sampling, two-stage and multi-stage sampling, ratio and regressionmethods of estimation involving one or more auxiliary variables, two-phase sampling,probability proportional to size sampling with and without replacement, the Hansen-Hurwitz and the Horvitz-Thompson estimators, non-negative variance estimation withreference to the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, non-sampling errors.Fixed effects model (two-way classification) random and mixed effects models (two-way classification with equal observation per cell), CRD, RBD, LSD and their analyses,incomplete block designs, concepts of orthogonality and balance, BIBD, missing plottechnique, factorial experiments and 2 n and 3 2, confounding in factorial experiments,split-plot and simple lattice designs, transformation of data Duncan’s multiple rangetest.

PAPER - II1. Industrial Statistics:Process and product control, general theory of control charts, different types of controlcharts for variables and attributes, X, R, s, p, np and c charts, cumulative sum chart.Single, double, multiple and sequential sampling plans for attributes, OC, ASN, AOQand ATI curves, concepts of producer’s and consumer’s risks, AQL, LTPD and AOQL,Sampling plans for variables, Use of Dodge-Roming tables.


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Concept of reliability, failure rate and reliability functions, reliability of series and parallelsystems and other simple configurations, renewal density and renewal function, Failuremodels: exponential, Weibull, normal , lognormal.Problems in life testing, censored and truncated experiments for exponential models.2. Optimization Techniques:Different types of models in Operations Research, their construction and generalmethods of solution, simulation and Monte-Carlo methods formulation of linearprogramming (LP) problem, simple LP model and its graphical solution, the simplexprocedure, the two-phase method and the M-technique with artificial variables, theduality theory of LP and its economic interpretation, sensitivity analysis, transportationand assignment problems, rectangular games, two-person zero-sum games, methodsof solution (graphical and algebraic).Replacement of failing or deteriorating items, group and individual replacement policies,concept of scientific inventory management and analytical structure of inventoryproblems, simple models with deterministic and stochastic demand with and withoutlead time, storage models with particular reference to dam type.Homogeneous discrete-time Markov chains, transition probability matrix, classificationof states and ergodic theorems, homogeneous continuous-time Markov chains, Poissonprocess, elements of queuing theory, M/M/1, M/M/K, G/M/1 and M/G/1 queues.Solution of statistical problems on computers using well-known statistical softwarepackages like SPSS.3. Quantitative Economics and Official Statistics:Determination of trend, seasonal and cyclical components, Box-Jenkins method,tests for stationary series, ARIMA models and determination of orders of autoregressiveand moving average components, forecasting.Commonly used index numbers-Laspeyre’s, Paasche’s and Fisher’s ideal indexnumbers, chain-base index number, uses and limitations of index numbers, indexnumber of wholesale prices, consumer prices, agricultural production and industrialproduction, test for index numbers - proportionality, time-reversal, factor-reversal andcircular .General linear model, ordinary least square and generalized least squares methodsof estimation, problem of multicollinearity, consequences and solutions ofmulticollinearity, autocorrelation and its consequences, heteroscedasticity ofdisturbances and its testing, test for independence of disturbances, concept of structureand model for simultaneous equations, problem of identification-rank and orderconditions of identifiability, two-stage least square method of estimation.Present official statistical system in India relating to population, agriculture, industrialproduction, trade and prices, methods of collection of official statistics, their reliabilityand limitations, principal publications containing such statistics, various officialagencies responsible for data collection and their main functions.


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4. Demography and Psychometry:Demographic data from census, registration, NSS other surveys, their limitations anduses, definition, construction and uses of vital rates and ratios, measures of fertility,reproduction rates, morbidity rate, standardized death rate, complete and abridgedlife tables, construction of life tables from vital statistics and census returns, uses oflife tables, logistic and other population growth curves, fitting a logistic curve, populationprojection, stable population, quasi-stable population, techniques in estimation ofdemographic parameters, standard classification by cause of death, health surveysand use of hospital statistics.Methods of standardisation of scales and tests, Z-scores, standard scores, T-scores,percentile scores, intelligence quotient and its measurement and uses, validity andreliability of test scores and its determination, use of factor analysis and path analysisin psychometry.


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ZOOLOGYPART A - PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

1.. Cell structure and function:(a) Prokaryote and eukaryote.(b) Structure of animal cell, structure and functions of cell organelles.(c) Cell cycle-mitosis, meiosis.(d) Structure and contents of nucleus including nuclear membrane, structure of

chromsome and gene, chemistry of genetic components.(e) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, linkage and genetic recombination; cytoplasmic

inheritance.(f) Function of gene: replication, transcription and translation; mutations

(spontaneous and artificial); Recombinant DNA: principle and application.(g) sex determination in Drosophila and man; sex linkage in man.2. Systematics :(a) Classification of non-chordates (up to sub-classes) and chordates (up to orders)

giving general features and evolutionary relationship of the following phyla:Protozoa, Porifera, Coelenterata, Platyhelminthes, Nematheliminthes, Annelida,Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Minor Phyla (Bryozoa, Phoronida andChaetognatha) and Hemichordata.

(b) Structure reprodcution and life history of the following types:Amoeba, Monocystis, Plasmodium, Paramaecium, Sycon, Hydra, Obelia,Fasciola, Taenia, Ascaris, Neanthes, Pheretima, Hirudinia, Palaemon, Buthus,Periplaneta, Lamellidens, Pila, Asterias and Balanoglossus.

(c) Classification of chordates (up to orders), giving general features and evolutionaryrelationship of the following:Protochordata; Agnatha; Gnathostomata-Pisces, Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves andMammalia.

(d) Comparative functional anatomy of the following based on type animals(Scoliodon, Rana, Calotes, Columba and Oryctolagus): integrument and itsderivatives, endoskeleton, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatorysystem including heart and aortic arches, urinogenital system; brain and senseorgans (eye and ear); endocrine glands and other hormone producing structures,(Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, gonads) their function.

3. Vertebrate Physiology and Biochemistry :(a) Chemical composition of protoplasm; nature and function of enzymes; vitamins,

their sources and role; colloids and hydrogen ion concentration; biologicaloxidation, electron trasport and role of ATP, enegetics, glycolysis, citric acidcycle; vertebrate hormones: their type, sources and fucntions; pheromonesand their role.


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(b) Neuron and nerve impulse-conduction and transmission across synapses;neurotrasmitters and their role, including acetyl cholinesterase activity.

(c) Homeostasis; osmoregulation; active transport and ion pump.(d) Composition of carbohydrates, fats, lipids and proteins; steroids.4. Embryology :(a) Gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage; gastrulation in frog and chick(b) Metamorphosis in frog and retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidian; extra-

embryonic membranes in chick and mammal; placentation in mamals;Biogenetic law.

5. Evolution :(a) Origin of life; principles, theories and evidences of evolution; species concept.(b) Zoogeographical realms, insular fauna; geological eras.(c) Evolution of man; evolutionary status of man.6. Ecology, Wildlife and Ethology :(a) Abiotic and biotic factors; concept of ecosystem, food chain and energy flow;

adaptation of aquatic, terrestrial and aerial fauna; intra-and inter-specific animalrelationships; environmental pollution: Types, sources, causes, control andprevention.

(b) Wildlife of India; endangered species of India; sanctuaries and national parks ofIndia.

(c) Biological rhythms.7. Economic Zoology :(a) Beneficial and harmful insects including insect vectors of human diseases.

(b) Industrial fish, prawn and molluscs of India.(c) Non-poisonous and poisonous snakes of India.(d) Venomous animals-centipede, wasp, honey bee.(e) Diseases causd by aberrant chromosomes/genes in man; genetic counselling;

DNA as a tool for forensic investigation.ZOOLOGY

PART B - MAIN EXAMINATION PAPER – I

1. Non-chordata and Chordata:(a) Classification and relationship of various phyla up to subclasses:

Acoelomate and Coelomate, Protostomes and Deuterostomes, Bilateriaand Radiata; Status of Protista, Parazoa, Onychophora andHemichordata; Symmetry.

(b) Protozoa: Locomotion, nutrition, reproduction, sex; General featuresand life history of Paramaecium, Monocystis, Plasmodium andLeishmania.


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(c) Porifera: Skeleton, canal system and reproduction.(d) Cnidaria: Polymorphism, defensive structures and their mechanism;

coral reefs and their formation; metagenesis; general features andlife history of Obelia and Aurelia.

(e) Platyhelminthes: Parasitic adaptation; general features and life historyof Fasciola and Taenia and their pathogenic symptoms.

(f) Nemathelminthes: General features, life history, parasitic adaptationof Ascaris and Wuchereria.

(g) Annelida: Coelom and metamerism; modes of life in polychaetes;general features and life history of Nereis, earthworm and leach.

(h) Arthropoda: Larval forms and parasitism in Crustacea; vision andrespiration in arthropods (Prawn, cockroach and scorpion);modification of mouth parts in insects (cockroach, mosquito, housefly,honey bee and butterfly); metamorphosis in insect and its hormonalregulation, social behaviour of Apis and termites.

(i) Mollusca: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, general features and lifehistory of Lamellidens, Pila and Sepia, torsion and detorsion ingastropods.

(j) Echinodermata: Feeding, respiration, locomotion, larval forms, generalfeatures and life history of Asterias.

(k) Protochordata: Origin of chordates; general features and life historyof Branchiostoma and Herdmania.

(l) Pisces: Respiration, locomotion and migration.(m) Amphibia: Origin of tetrapods, parental care, paedomorphosis.(n) Reptilia; Origin of reptiles, skull types, status of Sphenodon and

crocodiles.(o) Aves: Origin of birds, flight adaptation, migration.(p) Mammalia: Origin of mammals, dentition, general features of egg

laying mammals, pouched-mammals, aquatic mammals andprimates, endocrine glands (pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal,pancreas, gonads) and their interrelationships.

(q) Comparative functional anatomy of various systems of vertebrates(integument and its derivatives, endoskeleton, locomotory organs,digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system includingheart and aortic arches, urino-genital system, brain and sense organs(eye and ear).

2. Ecology:(a) Biosphere: Concept of biosphere; biomes, Biogeochemical cycles,

Human induced changes in atmosphere including green house effect,ecological succession, biomes and ecotones, community ecology.

(b) Concept of ecosystem; structure and function of ecosystem, types


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of ecosystem, ecological succession, ecological adaptation.(c) Population; characteristics, population dynamics, population

stabilization.(d) Biodiversity and diversity conservation of natural resources.(e) Wildlife of India.(f) Remote sensing for sustainable development.(g) Environmental biodegradation, pollution and its impact on biosphere

and its prevention.3. Ethology:

(a) Behaviour: Sensory filtering, reponsiveness, sign stimuli, learning andmemory, instinct, habituation, conditioning, imprinting.

(b) Role of hormones in drive; role of pheromones in alarm spreading;crypsis, predator detection, predator tactics, social hierarchies inprimates, social organization in insects.

(c) Orientation, navigation, homing, biological rhythms, biological clock,tidal, seasonal and circadian rhythms.

(d) Methods of studying animal behaviour including sexual conflict,selfishness, kinship and altruism.

4. Economic Zoology:(a) Apiculture, sericulture, lac culture, carp culture, pearl culture, prawn

culture, vermiculture.(b) Major infectious and communicable diseases (malaria, filaria,

tuberculosis, cholera and AIDS) their vectors, pathogens andprevention.

(c) Cattle and livestock diseases, their pathogen (helminthes) and vectors(ticks, mites, Tabanus, Stomoxys).

(d) Pests of sugar cane (Pyrilla perpusiella) oil seed (Achaea janata)and rice ( Sitophilus oryzae).

(e) Transgenic animals.(f) Medical biotechnology, human genetic disease and genetic

counselling, gene therapy.(g) Forensic biotechnology.

5. Biostatistics:Designing of experiments; null hypothesis; correlation, regression,distribution and measure of central tendency, chi square, student-test, F-test (one-way & two-way F-test).

6. Instrumentation Methods:(a) Spectrophotometer, phase contrast and fluorescence microscopy,

radioactive tracer, ultra centrifuge, gel electrophoresis, PCR, ELISA,FISH and chromosome painting.


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(b) Electron microscopy (TEM, SEM).PAPER - II

1. Cell Biology:(a) Structure and function of cell and its organelles (nucleus, plasma

membrane, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum,ribosomes, and lysosomes), cell division (mitosis and meiosis), mitoticspindle and mitotic apparatus, chromosome movements,chromosome type polytene and lambrush, organization of chromatin,heterochromatin, Cell cycle regulation.

(b) Nucleic acid topology, DNA motif, DNA replication, transcription, RNAprocessing, translation, protein foldings and transport.

2. Genetics:(a) Modern concept of gene, split gene, genetic regulation, genetic code.(b) Sex chromosomes and their evolution, sex determination in Drosophila

and man.(c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance, recombination, linkage, multiple alleles,

genetics of blood groups, pedigree analysis, hereditary diseases inman.

(d) Mutations and mutagenesis.(e) Recombinant DNA technology; plasmid, cosmid, artif icial

chromosomes as vectors, transgenic, DNA cloning and whole animalcloning (principles and methods).

(f) Gene regulation and expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.(g) Signal molecules, cell death, defects in signaling pathway and

consequences.(h) RFLP, RAPD and AFLP and application of RFLP in DNA finger printing,

ribozyme technologies, human genome project, genomics andprotomics.

3. Evolution:(a) Theories of origin of life.(b) Theories of evolution; Natural selection, role of mutations in evolution,

evolutionary patterns, molecular drive, mimicry, variation, isolationand speciation.

(c) Evolution of horse, elephant and man using fossil data.(d) Hardy-Weinberg Law.(e) Continental drift and distribution of animals.

4. Systematics: Zoological nomenclature, international code, cladistics,molecular taxonomy and biodiversity.

5. Biochemistry:(a) Structure and role of carbohydrates, fats, fatty acids and cholesterol,


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proteins and amino-acids, nucleic acids. Bioenergetics.b) Glycolysis and Kreb cycle, oxidation and reduction, oxidative

phosphorylation, energy conservation and release, ATP cycle, cyclicAMP – its structure and role.

(c) Hormone classification (steroid and peptide hormones), biosynthesisand functions.

(d) Enzymes: types and mechanisms of action.(e) Vitamins and co-enzymes(f) Immunoglobulin and immunity.

6. Physiology (with special reference to mammals):(a) Composition and constituents of blood; blood groups and Rh factor

in man, factors and mechanism of coagulation, iron metabolism, acid-base balance, thermo-regulation, anticoagulants.

(b) Haemoglobin: Composition, types and role in transport of oxygenand carbon dioxide.

(c) Digestion and absorption: Role of salivary glands, liver, pancreasand intestinal glands.

(d) Excretion: nephron and regulation of urine formation; osmo-regulationand excretory product

(e) Muscles: Types, mechanism of contraction of skeletal muscles, effectsof exercise on muscles.

(f) Neuron: nerve impulse – its conduction and synaptic transmission,neurotransmitters.

(g) Vision, hearing and olfaction in man.(h) Physiology of reproduction, puberty and menopause in human.

7. Developmental Biology:(a) Gametogenesis; spermatogenesis, composition of semen, in vitro

and in vivo capacitation of mammalian sperm, Oogenesis, totipotency;fertilization, morphogenesis and morphogen, blastogenesis,establishment of body axes formation, fate map, gestulation in frogand chick; genes in development in chick, homeotic genes,development of eye and heart, placenta in mammals.

(b) Cell lineage, cell-to cell interaction, Genetic and inducedteratogenesis, role of thyroxine in control of metamorphosis inamphibia, paedogenesis and neoteny, cell death, aging.

(c) Developmental genes in man, in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,cloning.

(d) Stem cells: Sources, types and their use in human welfare.(e) Biogenetic law.


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ENGLISH - OPTIONALOF PART B - MAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

The syllabus consists of two papers, designed to test a first-hand and critical readingof texts prescribed from the following periods in English Literature : Paper I : 1600-1900 and Paper II : 1900-1990.There will be two compulsory questions in each paper : a) A short-notes questionrelated to the topics for general study, and b) A critical analysis of UNSEEN passagesboth in prose and verse.

Paper-IAnswers must be written in English.Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required toshow adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements :The Renaissance : Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; TheEpic and the Mock-epic; Neo-classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Riseof the Novel; The Victorian Age.

Section-A1. William Shakespeare : King Lear and The Tempest.2. John Donne. The following poems :

- Canonization;- Death be not proud;- The Good Morrow;- On his Mistress going to bed;- The Relic;

3. John Milton : Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX4. Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock.5. William Wordsworth. The following poems:

- Ode on Intimations of Immortality.- Tintern Abbey.- Three years she grew.- She dwelt among untrodden ways.- Michael.- Resolution and Independence.

- The World is too much with us.- Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour.- Upon Westminster Bridge.

6. Alfred Tennyson : In Memoriam.7. Henrik Ibsen : A Doll’s House.


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Section-B1. Jonathan Swift. Gulliver’s Travels.2. Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice.3. Henry Fielding. Tom Jones.4. Charles Dickens. Hard Times.5. George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss .6. Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d’Urbervilles.7. Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Paper-IIAnswers must be written in English.Texts for detailed study are listed below. Candidates will also be required toshow adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements :Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama;Colonialism and Post-Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalyticaland Feminist approaches to literature; Post-Modernism.

Section-A1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems:

- Easter 1916- The Second Coming- A Prayer for my daughter.- Sailing to Byzantium.- The Tower.- Among School Children.- Leda and the Swan.- Meru- Lapis Lazuli- The Second Coming- Byzantium.

2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems :- The L ove Song of J.Alfred Prufrock- Journey of the Magi.- Burnt Norton.

3. W.H. Auden. The following poems :- Partition- Musee des Beaux Arts- in Memory of W.B. Yeats- Lay your sleeping head, my love- The Unknown Citizen


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- Consider- Mundus Et Infans- The Shield of Achilles- September 1, 1939- Petition.

4. John Osborne : Look Back in Anger.5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot.6. Philip Larkin. The following poems :

- Next- Please- Deceptions- Afternoons- Days- Mr. Bleaney

7. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems :- Looking for a Causim on a Swing- A River- Of Mothers, among other Things- Love Poem for a Wife 1- Samll-Scale Reflections on a Great House- Obituary(All these poems are available in the anthology Ten Twentieth Century Indian

Poets, edited by R. Parthasarthy, published by Oxford University Press, New Delhi).Section-B

1. Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim2. James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.3. D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers.4. E.M. Forster. A Passage to India.5. Virginia Woolf. Mrs Dalloway.6. Raja Rao. Kanthapura.7. V.S. Naipal. A House for Mr. Biswas.


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GUJARATI - OPTIONALOF PART B - MAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

PAPER - IAnswers must be written in Gujarati

Section-AGujarati Language : Form and history1. History of Gujarati Language with special reference to New Indo-Aryan i.e. last

one thousand years.2. Significant features of the Gujarati language: Phonology, morphology and syntax.3. Major dialects: Surti, Pattani, charotari and Saurashtri.History of Gujarati LiteratureMedieval :4. Jaina tradition5. Bhakti tradition: Sagun and Nirgun (Jnanmargi)6. Non-sectarian tradition (Laukik parampara)Modern:7. Sudharak yug8. Pandit yug9. Gandhi yug10. Anu-Gandhi yug11. Adhunik yug

Section-BLiterary Forms : (Salient features, history and development of the following literaryforms):(a) Medieval

1. Narratives: Rasa, Akhyan and Padyavarta2. Lyrical: Pada

(b) Folk3. Bhavai

(c) Modern4. Fiction: Novel and short story5. Drama6. Literary Essay7. Lyrical Poetry

(d) Criticism8. History of theoretical Gujarati criticism9. Recent research in folk tradition


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PAPER-IIAnswers must be written in GujaratiThe paper will reqire first hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed totest the critical ability of the candidate.

Section-A1. Medieval

(i) Vasantvilas phagu-Ajnatkrut(ii) Kadambari-Bhalan(iii) Sudamacharitra-Premanand(iv) Chandrachandravatini varta-Shamal(v) Akhegeeta-Akho

2. Sudharakyug & Pandityug(vi) Mari Hakikat-Narmadashankar Dave(vii) Farbasveerah- Dalpatram(viii) Saraswatichandra-Part-I Govar-dhanram Tripathi(ix) Purvalap- ‘Kant’ (Manishankar Ratnaji Bhatt)(x) Raino Parvat-Ramanbhai Neel-kanth

Section-B1. Gandhiyug & Anu Gandhiyug

(i) Hind Swaraj-Mohandas Kar-machand Gandhi(ii) Patanni Prabhuta- Kanhaiyalal Munshi(iii) Kavyani Shakti- Ramnarayan Vish-wanath Pathak(iv) Saurashtrani Rasdhar Part 1- Zaver-chand Meghani(v) Manvini Bhavai-Pannalal Patel(vi) Dhvani-Rajendra Shah

2. Adhunik yug(vii) Saptapadi-Umashankar Joshi(viii) Janantike- Suresh Joshi(ix) Ashwatthama- Sitanshu Yash-aschandra


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HINDIPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER-IAnswers must be written in Hindi.Section-A1. History of Hindi Language and Nagari Lipi.

I. Grammatical and applied forms of Apbhransh, Awahatta & Arambhik Hindi.II. Development of Braj and Awadhi as literary language during medieval

period.III. Early form of Khari-boli in Siddha-Nath Sahitya, Khusero, Sant Sahitaya,

Rahim etc. and Dakhni Hindi.IV. Development of Khari-boli and Nagari Lipi during 19th Century.V. Standardisation of Hindi Bhasha & Nagari Lipi.VI. Development of Hindi as national Language during freedom movement.VII. The development of Hindi as a National Language of Union of India.VIII. Scientific & Technical development of Hindi Language.IX. Prominent dialects of Hindi and their inter relationship.X. Salient features of Nagari Lipi and the efforts for its reform & Standard

form of Hindi.XI. Grammatical structure of Standard Hindi.

Section-B2. History of Hindi Literature.

I. The relevance and importance of Hindi literature and tradition of writingHistory of Hindi Literature.

II. Literary trends of the following four periods of history of Hindi Literature.A : Adikal-Sidh, Nath and Raso Sahitya.Prominent poets-Chandvardai, Khusaro, Hemchandra, Vidyapati.B : Bhaktikal-Sant Kavyadhara, Sufi Kavyadhara, Krishna Bhaktidharaand Ram Bhaktidhara.Prominent Poets-Kabir, Jayasi, Sur & Tulsi.C: Ritikal-Ritikavya, Ritibaddhakavya & Riti Mukta Kavya.Prominent Poets-Keshav, Bihari, Padmakar and Ghananand.D : Adhunik Kal

a. Renaissance, the development of Prose, Bharatendu Mandal.b. Prominent Writers : Bharatendu, Bal Krishna Bhatt & Pratap Narain Mishra.c. Prominent trends of modern Hindi Poetry : Chhayavad, Pragativad,

Proyogvad, Nai Kavita, Navgeet and Contemporary poetry and JanvadiKavita.Prominent Poets : Maithili Sharan Gupta, Prasad, Nirala, Mahadevi, Dinkar,


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Agyeya, Muktibodh, Nagarjun.III. Katha Sahitya

A. Upanyas & RealismB. The origin and development of Hindi Novels.C. Prominent Novelists : Premchand, Jainendra, Yashpal, Renu and Bhism

Sahani.D. The origin and development of Hindi short story.E. Prominent short Story Writers : Premchand, Prasad, Agyeya, Mohan

Rakesh & Krishna Shobti.IV. Drama & Theatre

A. The origin & Development of Hindi Drama.B. Prominent Dramatists : Bharatendu, Prasad, Jagdish Chandra Mathur,

Ram Kumar Verma, Mohan Rakesh.C. The development of Hindi Theature.

V. CriticismA : The origin and development of Hindi criticism : Saiddhantik, Vyavharik,

Pragativadi, Manovishleshanvadi & Nai Alochana.B : Prominent critics : Ramchandra Shukla, Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas

Sharma & Nagendra.VI. The other forms of Hindi prose-Lalit Nibandh, Rekhachitra, Sansmaran,

Yatra-vrittant.PAPER-II

Answers must be written in Hindi.This paper will require first hand reading of prescribed texts and will test the criticalability of the candidates.Section-A1. Kabir : Kabir Granthawali, Ed, Shyam Sundar Das (First hundred Sakhis.)2. Surdas : Bhramar Gitsar, Ed. Ramchandra Shukla (First hundred Padas)3. Tulsidas : Ramchrit Manas (Sundar Kand) Kavitawali (Uttar Kand).4. Jayasi : Padmawat Ed. Shyam Sundar Das (Sinhal Dwip Khand & Nagmativiyog

Khand)5. Bihari : Bihari Ratnakar Ed. Jagnnath Prasad Ratnakar (First 100 Dohas)6. Maithili Sharan Gupta : Bharat Bharati7. Prasad : Kamayani (Chinta and Sharddha Sarg)8. Nirala : Rag-Virag, Ed. Ram Vilas Sharma (Ram Ki Shakti Puja & Kukurmutta).9. Dinkar : Kurushetra10. Agyeya : Angan Ke Par Dwar (Asadhya Vina)11. Muktiboth : Brahma Rakshas


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12. Nagarjun : Badal Ko Ghirte Dekha Hai, Akal Ke Bad, Harijan Gatha.Section-B

1. Bharatendu : Bharat Durdasha2. Mohan Rakesh : Ashad Ka Ek Din3. Ramchandra Shukla : Chintamani (Part I)

(Kavita Kya Hai] Shraddha Aur Bhakti)4. Dr. Satyendra : Nibandh Nilaya-Bal Krishna Bhatt, Premchand, Gulab Rai,

Hajari Prasad Dwivedi, Ram Vilas Sharma, Agyeya, Kuber Nath Rai.5. Premchand : Godan, Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai,

Manjusha - Premchand ki Sarvashreshtha Kahaniyan, Ed. Amrit Rai6. Prasad : Skandgupta7. Yashpal : Divya8. Phaniswar Nath Renu : Maila Anchal9. Mannu Bhandari : Mahabhoj10. Rajendra Yadav : Ek Dunia Samanantar (All Stories)


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MARATHIPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

Paper-IAnswers must be written in Marathi.

Section-ALanguage and Folk-Iore(a) Nature and Functions of Language (with reference to Marathi)

Language as a signifying system : Langue and Parole; Basic functions; Poeticlanguage; Standard Language and dialect; Language variations according tosocial parameters.Linguistic features of Marathi in thirteenth century and seventeenth century.

(b) Dialects of MarathiAhirani; Varhadi; Dangi

(c) Marathi GrammarParts of Speech; Case-system; Prayog-vichar (Voice)

(d) Nature and kinds of Folk-lore(with special reference to Marathi)Lok-Geet, Lok Katha, Lok Natya

Section-BHistory of Literature and Literary Criticism(a) History of Marathi Literature1. From beginning to 1818 AD, with special reference to the following : The

Mahanubhava writers, the Varkari poets, the Pandit poets, the Shahirs, Bakharliterature.

2. From 1850 to 1990, with special reference to developments in the followingmajor forms : Poetry, Fiction (Novel and Short Story), Drama; and major literarycurrents and movements, Romantic, Realist, Modernist, Dalit Gramin, Feminist.

(b) Literary Criticism1. Nature and function of Literature;2. Evaluation of Literature;3. Nature, Objectives and Methods of Criticism;4. Literature, Culture and Society.

PAPER-IIAnswers must be written in Marathi.Textual study of prescribed literary worksThe paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designed totest the candidate’s critical ability.


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Section-AProse(1) ‘Smritishala’(2) Mahatma Jotiba Phule

“Shetkaryacha Asud; ‘Sarvajanik Satyadharma’(3) S.V. Ketkar ‘Brahmankanya;(4) P.K. Atre ‘Sashtang Namaskar’(5) Sharchchandra Muktibodh ‘Jana Hey Volatu Jethe’(6) Uddhav Shelke ‘Shilan’(7) Baburao Bagul ‘Jevha Mi Jaat Chorli Hoti’(8) Gouri Deshpande ‘Ekek Paan Galavaya’(9) P.I. Sonkamble ‘Athavaninche Pakshi’

Section-BPoetry(1) Namadevanchi Abhangawani’ Ed: Inamdar, Relekar, Mirajkar Modern Book Depot,

Pune(2) ‘Painjan’ Ed : M.N. Adwant Sahitya Prasar Kendra, Nagpur(3) ‘Damayanti-Swayamvar’ By Raghunath Pandit(4) ‘Balakvinchi Kavita’ By Balkavi(5) ‘Vishakha’ By Kusumagraj(6) ‘Mridgandh’ By Vinda Karandikar(7) ‘Jahirnama’ By Narayan Surve(8) ‘Sandhyakalchya Kavita’ By Grace(9) ‘Ya Sattet Jeev Ramat Nahi’ By Namdev Dhasal


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PALIPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

Paper-I(Pãli Language)N.B. All answers must be written in Pali language in Devanãgarî or RomanScript.

Section-A1. Origin and Homeland of Pãli and its characteristics.2. Pãli Grammar-(I) Technical Terms of Pãli Grammar-Akkhara, Sara, Vyañjana,

Niggahîta, Nãma, Sabbanãma, Ãkhyãta, Upasagga, Nipãta, Abyaya, (II) Kãraka,(III) Samãsa; (IV) Sandhi; (V) Taddhita. (Apaccabodhaka-and Ãdhikãrabo-dhaka-Paccaya); (VI) Etymological derivation of the following words :-Buddho, Bhikkhu, Sãmanero, Satthã, Dhammo, Latãyã, Purisãnam, Tumhe,Amhebhi, Munina, Rattîsu, Phalãya, Atthîsu, Raññam, Sangho.

3. Translation of two Pãli unseen passages into English.Section-B

4. Essays consisting of 300 words on any one of the following :(a) Bhagavã Buddho, (b) Tilakkhanam, (c) Ariyo atthañgiko maggo, (d) Cattãriariyasaccãni, (e) Kammavãdo (f) Paticcasamuppãdo, (g) Nibbãnam paramamsukham, (h) Tipitakam, (i) Dhammapadam, (j) Majjhimã-Patipadã.

5. Summary of Pãli passages.6. Explanation of Pãli verses in Pãli.7. The meaning of following indeclinables ( Abyaya and Nipãta) and their use in

candidates’ own Pãli sentences :(I) Atha, (II) Antarã, (III) Addhã, (IV) Kadã, (V) Kittãvatã, (VI) Ahorattam, (VII)Divã, (VIII) Yathã, (IX) Ce, (X) Seyyathîdam, (XI) Vinã, (XII) Kudãcannam, (XIII)Saddhim, (XIV) Antarena, (XV) Kho, (XVI) Mã, (XVII) Evam, (XVIII) Ettha, (XIX)Kira, (XX) Pana.

Paper-II(PÃli Literature)There will be two compulsory questions which must be answered in Pali Languege inDevanagari or Roman Script. The remaining questions must be attempted either inPali or in the medium of examination opted by the candidate.

Section-A(i) Life and teachings of Buddha from the Pãli sources.(ii) History of Pali Literature-Canonical and Non-Canonical with reference to the

following books and authors:Mahãvagga, Cullavagga, Pãtimokkha, Dîgha-Nikãya, Dhammapada, Jãtaka,Theragãthã, Therîgãthã,Dîpavamsa, Mahãvamsa, Dãthãvamsa, Sãsanavamsa,


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Milindapanha, Petakopadesa, Nettippa-karana, Buddhadatta, Buddhaghosa andDhammapãla.

Section-B1. Textual questions, critical comments and annotated translations would beasked from the following prescribed texts :-

(i) Dîghã-Nikãya (Only the Sãmaññaphala-Sutta)(ii) Sutta-nipãta (Only the Khaggavisana-Sutta and Dhaniya-Sutta)(iii) Dhammapada (Only the first five Vaggã-s)(iv) Milindapanha (Only the Lakkhana-panha)(v) Mahavamsa (Only the Tatiya-Sangiti)(vi) Abhidhammattha-sangaha (First, Second and Sixth Chapters)(vii) Pãli Prosody : Vuttodaya -Anutthubha, Indavajirã, Upendavajirã,

Vasantatilakã, Mãlinî, Sikharinî, Upajati, totaka, Dodhaka, Vamsattha.(viii) Pãli Rhetoric : Subodhãlankãrã -Yamaka, Anuppãsa, Rûpaka, Upama,

Atisayutti, Vyatireka, Nidassanã, Atthanta-ranyãsa, Dîpaka, Ditthanta.2. Short Notes on Buddhist concepts dealt within the prescribed texts.3. Explanation of Pãli Verses from the prescribed texts.


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PUNJABIPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER-IAnswers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi Script.Section-Aa) Origin of Punjabi language : different stages of development and recent

development in Punjabi language : characteristics of Punjabi phonology andthe study of its tones: classification of vowels and consonants.

b) Punjabi morphology : the number-gender system (animate and inanimate),prefixes, affixes and different categories of Post positions: Punjabi wordformation: Tatsam. Tad Bhav, forms: Sentence structure, the notion of subjectand object in Punjabi: Noun and verb phrases.

c) Language and dialect; the notions of dialect and idiolect; major dialects ofPunjabi; Pothohari, Majhi, Doabi, Malwai, Puadhi; the validity of speech variationon the basis of social stratification, the distinctive features of various dialectswith special reference to tones. Language and script; origin and development ofGurmukhi; suitability of Gurmukhi for Punjabi.

d) Classical background; Nath Jogi SahitMedieval literature : Gurmat, Sufti, Kissa and Var Janamsakhis.

Section-Ba) Modern trends Mystic, romantic, progressive and neomystic (Vir Singh, Puran

Singh, Mohan Singh, Amrita Pritam, Bawa Balwant, Pritam Singh Safeer, J.S.Neki).Experimentalist (Jasbir Singh Ahluwalia, Ravinder Ravi, Ajaib Kamal)Aesthetes (Harbhajan Singh, Tara Singh)Neo-progressive (Pash. Jagtar, Patar)

Origin and Development of Genres :b) Folk literature Folk songs, Folk tales. Riddles, Proverbs.

Epic (Vir Singh, Avtar Singh, Azad Mohan Singh)Lyric (Gurus, Sufis and Modern Lyricists-Mohan Singh Amrita Pritam, ShivKumar, Harbhajan Singh)

c) Drama (I.C. Nanda, Harcharan Singh, Balwant Gargi, S.S.Sekhon, Charan DasSidhu)Novel (Vir Singh, Nanak Singh, Jaswant Singh Kanwal, K.S. Duggal, Sukhbir,Gurdial Singh, Dalip Kaur Tiwana, Swaran Chandan)

Short Story (Sujan Singh, K.S. Virk. Prem Parkash, Waryam Sandhu).d) Socio-cultural Sanskrit, Persian Literary influences : and Western.Essay (Puran Singh, Teja Singh, Gurbaksh Singh)Literary Criticism (S.S. Sekhon, Attar Singh, Kishan Singh, Harbhajan Singh, NajamHussain Sayyad).


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PAPER-IIAnswers must be written in Punjabi in Gurumukhi Script.This paper will require first-hand reading of the texts prescribed and will be designedtotest the candidate’s critical ability.

Section-Aa) Sheikh Farid The complete Bani as included in the Adi Granth.b) Guru Nanak Japu Ji Baramah, Asa di Varc) Bulleh Shah Kafiand) Waris Shah Heer

Section-Ba) Shah Mohammad Jangnama (Jang Singhan te Firangian)

Dhani Ram Chatrik (Poet) Chandan VariSufi KhanaNawan Jahan

b) Nanak Singh (Novelist) Chitta LahuPavittar PapiEk Mian Do Talwaran

c) Gurbaksh Singh (Essayist) Zindagi di RasNawan ShivalaMerian Abhul Yadaan.Balraj Sahni (Travelogue) Mera Roosi SafarnamaMera Pakistani Safarnama

d) Balwant Gargi (Dramatist) Loha KuttDhuni-di-AggSultan RaziaSant Singh Sekhon (Critic) SahityarthParsidh Punjabi KaviPunjabi Kav Shiromani


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TAMIL - OPTIONALOF PART B - MAIN EXAMINATION OF CIVIL SERVICES EXAM

PAPER-IAnswers must be written in Tamil.

Section: APart: 1 History of Tamil LanguageMajor Indian Language Families-The place of Tamil among Indian languages in generaland Dravidian in particular-Enumeration and Distributionof Dravidian languages.The language of Sangam literature-The language of medieval Tamil: Pallava periodonly-Historical study of Nouns, Verbs, adjectives, adverbs Tense markers and casemarkers in Tamil.Borrowing of words from other languages into Tamil-Regional and social dialects-difference between literary and spoken Tamil.Part: 2 History of Tamil LiteratureTolkappiyam-Sangam Literatue-The division of Akam and puram-The secularcharacteristics of Sangam Literature-The development of Ethical literature-Silappadikaram and Manimekalai.Part: 3 Devotional literature (Alwars and Nayanmars) The bridal mysticism in Alwarhymns-Minor literary forms (Tutu, Ula, Parani, Kuravanji)Social factors for the development of Modern Tamil literature: Novel, Short story andNew Poetry-The impact of various political ideologies on modern writings.

Section:BPart:1 Recent trends in Tamil StudiesApproaches to criticism: Social , psychologiocal, hostorical and moralistic-the use ofcriticism-the various techniques in literature: Ullurai, Iraicchi, Thonmam (Myth)Otturuvagam (allegory), Angadam (Satire), Meyppadu, Padimam(image), Kuriyeedu(Symbol), Irunmai (ambiguity)-The concep[t of comparative literature-the principle ofcomparative literature.Part: 2 Folk literature in Tamil:Ballads, Songs, proverbs and riddles-Sociological studyof Tamil folklore. Uses of translation-Translation of Tamil works into other languages-Development of journalism in Tamil.Part: 3 Cultural Heritage of the TamilsConcept of Love and War-Concept of Aram-the ethical codes adopted by the ancientTamils in their warfare-customs, beliefs, rituals, modes of worship in the five Thinais.The cultural changes as revealed in post sangam literature-cultural fusion in themedieval period (Jainism & Buddhism). The development of arts and architecturethrough the ages (Pallavas, later cholas, and Nayaks). The impact of various political,social, religious and cultural movements on Tamil Society. The role of mass media inthe cultural change of contemporary Tamill society.


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PAPER-IIAnswers must be written in Tamil.The paper will require first hand reading of the Text prescribed and will be designed totest the critical ability of the candidate.

Section-: APart: 1 Ancient Literature(1) Kuruntokai (1-25 poems)(2) Purananurui (182-200 poems)(3) Tirukkural Porutpal : Arasiyalum Amaichiyalum (from Iraimatchi to Avaianjamai)Part : 2 Epic Literature(1) Silappadikaram: Madhurai Kandam only.(2) Kambaramayanam: Kumbakarunan Vadhai PadalamPart 3: Devotional Literature(1) Tiruvasagam: Neetthal Vinnappam(2) Tiruppavai: (Full Text)

Section-: BModern LiteraturePart:1 Poetry(1) Bharathiar: Kannan Pattu(2) Bharathidasan: Kudumba Vilakku(3) Naa. Kamarasan: Karuppu MalarkalProse(1) Mu. Varadharajanar. Aramum Arasiyalum(2) C N Annadurai: Ye! Thazhntha Tamilagame.Part : 2 Novel, Short story and Drama(1) Akilon: Chittirappavai(2) Jayakanthan: Gurupeedam(3) Cho: Yarukkum VetkamillaiPart: 3 Folk Literature(1) Muthuppattan Kathai Edited by Na. Vanamamalai, (Publication: MaduraiKamaraj University)(2) Malaiyaruvi, Edited by Ki. Va Jagannathan (Publication: Saraswathi, Mahal,Thanjavur)


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TELUGUPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER-IAnswers must be written in Telugu.

Section-ALanguage1. Place of Telugu among Dravidian languages and its antiquity-Etymological history

of Telugu, Tenugu and Andhra.2. Major linguistic changes in phonological, morphological, grammatical and

syntactical levels, from Proto-Dravidian to old Telugu and from old Telugu toModern Telugu.

3. Evolution of spoken Telugu when compared to classical Telugu-Formal andfunctional view of Telugu language.

4. Influence of other languages and its impact on Telugu.5. Modernization of Telugu language.

(a) Linguistic and literary movements and their role in modernization of Telugu.(b) Role of media in modernization of Telugu (Newspapers, Radio, TV etc.)(c) Problems of terminology and mechanisms in coining new terms in Telugu

in various discourses including scientific and technical.6. Dialects of Telugu-Regional and social variations and problems of standardization.7. Syntax-Major divisions of Telugu sentences-simple, complex and compound

sentences-Noun and verb predications-Processes of nominlization andrelativization-Direct and indirect reporting-conversion processes.

8. Translation-Problems of translation, cultural, social and idiomatic-Methods oftranslation-Approaches to translation-Literary and other kinds of translation-various uses of translation.

Section-BLiterature1. Literature in Pre-Nannaya Period-Marga and Desi poetry.2. Nannaya Period-Historical and literary background of Andhra Mahabharata.3. Saiva poets and their contribution-Dwipada, Sataka, Ragada, Udaharana.4. Tikkana and his place in Telugu literature.5. Errana and his literary works-Nachana Somana and his new approach to poetry.6. Srinatha and Potana-Their woks and contribution.7. Bhakti poets in Telugu literature-Tallapaka Annamayya, Ramadasu, Tyagayya.8. Evolution of prabandhas-Kavya and prabandha.9. Southern school of Telugu literature-Raghunatha Nayaka, Chemakura

Vankatakavi and women poets-Literary forms like yakshagana, prose andpadakavita.


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10. Modern Telugu Literature and literary forms-Novel, Short Story, Drama, Playletand poetic forms.

11. Literary Movements : Reformation, Nationalism, Neo-classicism, Romanticismand Progressive, Revolutionary movements.

12. Digambarakavulu, Feminist and Dalit Literature.13. Main divisions of folk literature-Performing folk arts.

PAPER-IIAnswers must be written in Telugu.This paper will require first hand reading of the prescribed texts and will be designedto test the candidate’s critical ability, which will be in relation to the followingapproaches.i) Aesthetic approach-Rasa, Dhwani, Vakroti and Auchitya-Formal and Structural-

Imagery and Symbolism.ii) Sociological, Historical, Ideological, Psychological approaches.

Section-A1. Nannaya-Dushyanta Charitra (Adiparva 4th Canto verses 5-109)2. Tikkana-Sri Krishna Rayabaramu (Udyoga parva -3rd Canto verses 1-144)3. Srinatha-Guna Nidhi Katha (Kasi-khandam, 4th Canto, verses 76-133)4. Pingali Surana-Sugatri Salinulakatha (Kalapurnodayamu 4 Canto verses, 60-

142)5. Molla-Ramayanamu (Balakanda including avatarika)6. Kasula Purushothama Kavi-Andhra Nayaka Satakamu

Section-B7. Gurajada Appa Rao-Animutyalu (Short stories)8. Viswanatha Satyanarayana-Andhra prasasti9. Devulapalli Krishna Sastry-Krishnapaksham (excluding Urvasi and Pravasam)10. Sri Sri-Maha prastanam.11. Jashuva-Gabbilam (Part I)12. C. Narayana Reddy-Karpuravasanta rayalu.13. Kanuparti Varalakshmamma-Sarada lekhalu (Part I)14. Atreya-N.G.O.15. Racha konda Visswanatha Sastry-Alpajaeevi.


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KANNADAPART B - MAIN EXAMINATION

PAPER-IAnswers must be written in Kannada.

Section-AA. History of Kannada LanguageWhat is Language? General characteristics of Language. Dravidian Family ofLanguages and its specific features, Antiquity of Kannada Language Different Phasesof its Development.Dialects of Kannada Language : Regional and Social Various aspects of developmentof Kannada Language : phonological and Semantic changes. Language borrowing.B. History of Kannada LiteratureAncient Kannada literature : Influence and Trends. Poets for study : Specified poetsfrom Pampa to Ratnakara Varni are to be studied in the light of contents, form andexpression : Pampa, Janna, Nagachandra.Medieval Kannada literature : Influence and Trends.Vachana literature : Basavanna, Akka Mahadevi.Medieval Poets : Harihara, Ragha-vanka, Kumar-Vyasa.Dasa literature : Purandra and Kanaka.Sangataya : RatnakaravarniC. Modern Kannada literature :Influence, trends and idealogies, Navodaya, Pragatishila, Navya, Dalita and Bandaya.

Section-BA. Poetics and literary criticism :Definition and concepts of poetry : Word, Meaning, Alankara, Reeti, Rasa, Dhwani,Auchitya.Interpretations of Rasa Sutra.Modern Trends of literary criticism : Formalist, Historical, Marxist, Feminist, Post-colonial criticism.B. Cultlural History of KarnatakaContribution of Dynasties to the culture of Karnataka : Chalukyas of Badami andKalyani, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara rulers, in literary context.Major religions of Karnataka and their cultural contributions.Arts of Karnataka : Sculpture, Architecture, Painting, Music, Dance-in the literarycontext.Unification of Karnataka and its impact on Kannada literature.

PAPER-IIAnswers must be written in Kannada.The paper will require first-hand reading of the Texts prescribed and will be designed


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to test the critical ability of the candidates.Section-AA. OLD KANNADA LITERATURE1. Vikramaarjuna Vijaya of Pampa (cantos 12 & 13), (Mysore University Pub.)2. Vaddaraadhane (Sukumaraswamyia Kathe, Vidyutchorana Kathe)B. Medieval Kannada Literature :1. Vachana Kammata, Ed: K. Marulasiddappa K.R. Nagaraj (Bangalore UniversityPub.)2. Janapriya Kanakasamputa, Ed. D. Javare Gowda (Kannada and Culture Directorate,Bangalore)3. Nambiyannana Ragale, Ed., T.N. Sreekantaiah (Ta.Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male,Mysore)4. Kumaravyasa Bharata : Karna Parva (Mysore University)5. Bharatesha Vaibhava Sangraha Ed. Ta. Su. Shama Rao (Mysore University)

Section-BA. Modern Kannada Literature1. Poetry : Hosagannada Kavite, Ed : G.H. Nayak (Kannada Saahitya Parishattu,Bangalore)2. Novel : Bettada Jeeva-Shivarama Karanta Madhavi-Arupama Niranjana Odalaala-Devanuru Mahadeva3. Short Story : Kannada Sanna Kathegalu, Ed. G.H. Nayak (Sahitya Academy, NewDelhi).4. Drama : Shudra Tapaswi-Kuvempu. Tughalak-Girish Karnad.5. Vichara Saahitya : Devaru-A.N. Moorty Rao (Pub : D.V.K. Moorty, Mysore.)B. Folk Literature :1. Janapada Swaroopa-Dr. H.M. Nayak. (Ta. Vem. Smaraka Grantha Male, Mysore.)2. Janapada Geetaanjali-Ed.D. Javare Gowda. (Pub : Sahitya Academy, New Delhi.)3. Kannada Janapada Kathegalu-Ed. J.S. Paramashivaiah, (Mysore University.)4. Beedi Makkalu Beledo. Ed. Kalegowda Nagavara (Pub : Bangalore University.)5. Savirada Ogatugalu-Ed : S.G. Imrapura.


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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONSby the C.S. Aspirants

Q.1 I am an engineering graduate. From scoring point of view you suggestthe suitable optional for my preparation

Ans. There is an increasing trend that engineering graduates are shifting towardshumanities. They preferably take one of the optionals as the science and theother from humanities. As far as popular trend is concerned large number ofengineering students find it comfortable to opt either geography or publicadministration. Both these optionals are having small seep in time and canbe comfortably picked up in a short span of time.

Q.2 In Main Examination is it essential that one should adhere to the wordlimit.

Ans. It is essential that one must adhere to the word limit. As the word limit isprescribed students are also being tested for their ability to provide all theinformation within the number of words specified. In case the student fails todo so, they are failing on such test. It is therefore advised that students underno circumstances should either exceed or write drastically short of the wordlimit. It requires practice and student must do so before going for the mainexamination.

Q.3 Is the weightage of marks different for different subjects?Ans. The weightage of marks for preliminary and main examination is based on a

thoroughly evolved technique by UPSC which is best known to it only. Forthe general reference such weightage of marks does not have much bearingon the success of the candidate and thereby it should be kept out of themind. It is done for maintenance of objectivity and in no way disadvantagesany candidate in terms of their chances of final performance.

Q.4 How much time is needed for the preparation of civil servicesexamination?

Ans. There is no such fixed limit of time that is required for the preparation. Thereare instances when people start preparing for the examination right from theschool days. However serious preparation can be taken up from the mid-course of the graduation and must essentially peak soon after graduation.However there are instances when students have decided to take up thisexamination after masters degree. It is normally found that it takes about oneyear of serious preparation towards the attainment of the goal.

Q.5 During the interview can the board be impressed by the candidatewho is from urban background thereby disadvantaging the candidatefrom rural background.

Ans. The success trend suggests that nothing of this sort exists. Specially after1980s the trend is increasingly tilted in favour of the rural candidates. Thesubstance definitely is given precedence over technique. What you speak ismore important than how you speak because such manner and presentationcan easily be picked up in due course of time and training.


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Q.6 How many hours of study is required regularly in order to qualify forCivil Services.

Ans. There is nothing as fixed quantity of time which can be specified for qualifying.It is actually the quality of time not the quantity of time. If a student is consistentand he is able to devote in six hours of valuable time on a daily basisconsistently over one year it is normally considered good enough for thepurpose. However, it is imphasized that more than management the qualityof time must be given utmost importance.

Q.7 What are the important areas of newspaper from which notes can bemade?

Ans. Reading newspaper is an art which need to be honed by the candidates.Newspaper has got information for all kinds of readers and for a candidate touse newspaper for its own requirement it must have a proper orientation ofthe kind of question being asked in General studies. As the breakup of generalstudies includes Indian Economy, Polity, Social Issues etc. accordingly theinformation from the newspaper be picked up. It is advised that the studentsshould take up information by writing in short form and maintaining separatefiles for different segments which over a period of time is expected to grow toa substantial size which shall be very handy when the student is close to theexamination. Apart from providing content for the above-mentioned themes,newspapers are the best first hand source for the current event updation.

Q.8 What is the weightage of factual and analytical questions in PT G.S.?Ans. The factual informations have got more relevance in P.T. GS. However some

analysis based question are also asked. It must also be kept in mind thatthere is a shift in trend with regards to the quiz kind of question which wasasked in larger number earlier. Thus, while reading the books student shouldconcentrate more on factual information.

Q.9 What type of questions should student practice for PT G.S.?Ans. At different stages of preparation student should take up different types of

questions for the sake of practice. The first stage of preparation shouldinvolve theme based questions. After having first read a part of G.S., segmentquestion belonging to such a theme should be practiced. In the second stageof preparation mixed questions can be picked up for assessment. Here eventhe previous years questions can be used for the purpose. However, it mustbe kept in mind that the questions are not the right way of learning things,they are at best able to fathom the extent of preparation or organize thetiming and fine tune further studies.

Q.10 What is the minimum age at which people should start preparing forthe civil services examination?

Ans. Preferably the preparation should start in a focused manner around 20 yearsof age. This is the time student is able to focus the goal properly and is in aposition to peak at the right time. Starting too early has a likelihood of tiringat the right time or starting very late will disadvantage in terms of competitiveedge of early start.


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Q.11 How much time should a student devote on reading question in mainexamination?

Ans. Proper understanding of the question is very vital for writing a correct answer.For this purpose careful reading of question is an absolute essential. Thestudent should go for more than two readings if the question has got severalsub parts. To be able to chalk out a proper frame of the answer it is essentialthat student has understood the question with their sub parts properly andthen only start writing.

Q.12 One person who is 21 years of age and the other who is 29 years ofage, who has better chance to qualify for civil services?

Ans. UPSC does not give any weightage for age. It is the quality of answer whichis evaluated not age. The only difference between 21 and 29 years is that theperson entering at 29 years of age shall retire eight years before the personentering at 21 years of age. Otherwise at the entry level there is no differenceat all.

Q.13 What is the nature of question asked in the PT exam.Ans. In PT exam, there are multiple choice of questions asked. For every question

there are four possible answers given and students are required to identifythe most appropriate answer. There is no negative marking thereby a candidatein advised to take only those questions which he/she thinks is 100% correct.

Q.14 What is the significance of groups discussion in civil services?Ans. Group discussion is a doubled edged instrument, it has advantages as well

as disadvantage. Group discussion with right kind of candidates is alwaysfound to be helpful. However group discussion should not be taken up duringthe early phase of preparation. The group should not be too large in number.Students may from a group and discuss on a theme which they would haveindividually learnt. Here it is cautioned that the group should be hetrogeneousi.e. it should not belong to the same area because in such cases the researchorientation start surfacing. During group discussion it should be formal and adefinite time frame must be fixed for such discussion.

Q.15 For interview preparation is it prudent to take mock test without fullpreparation just to fathom the level of preparation?

Ans. The mock interviews should be conducted only by the experts in the fieldotherwise it may give wrong signal and suggestions to the candidate and thebearing on the candidate may become profound and the whole personalitymay get wrongly oriented. Mock interview is not a methodology for checkingthe level of preparation because in the event of not being able to answer thequestions properly it may leave a depressing impact on the candidate andhence it should be avoided without full preparation.

Q.16 For counting words how one can be sure that the word count is correct?Ans. The number of words specified for the GS questions is vital and must be

respected. To be able to consider words one should count all words whichhave got denotation or connotation. In this process even the articles getcounted.


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Q.17 I am a graduate in economics but I don’t want to keep economic asmy optional. I have done my 10+2 from science stream. Kindly suggestif I can take any science subject as my optional.

Ans. Economics as you have mentioned is not in your list of probable optionalsconsidered for the purpose. It is also taken by lessor number of candidates.Science optional is seldom taken by candidates who have studied scienceupto 10+2 level. In your condition any of the humanities optionals can besuggested as the right optional for the purpose. Considering your backgroundgeography, sociology or Public administration can be recommended.

Q.18 Is there any tilt of favour for the candidates coming from differentsocio-economic background?

Ans. U.P.S.C has its system of the examination which is thoroughly evolved andobjective to the core. Through various level of screening and testing it insurethat favour of any sort is not present.

Q. 19. Is it always advisable to prepare both G.S. and Optional simultaneouslyor it is better if a candidate prepares one optional at a time?

Ans. Considering the time frame within which student has to prepare for theexamination it is not possible to take up one optional at a time. It has to bea simultaneous exercise. Student should however avoid too much of mix up.There must be a properly chalked out plan for different segments to be studiedin conjunction. Towards the end of the preparation when the candidate is veryclose to the examination, time should be given to all the subjects in anysingle day. However, the last few days before the examination a dedicatedpreparation for G.S. or Optional is also recommended.

Q. 20. Is a candidates who speaks good Hindi but is poor in English stand achance to loose in Civil Services?

Ans. It is a misconception. There are candidates not only from Hindi but otherlanguages also who qualify in large number every year. There are in-builtmechanism of U.P.S.C. that a person who is not good in English is in no waydisadvantaged due to this factor.

Q.21. Does one have to be strong in mental ability and reasoning to clearP.T. Examination?

Ans. As for as reasoning questions in P.T. in concerned, they can be answered byalmost all of candidates who have been serious towards their goal. What isrelevant here is the speed. It is thereby advised that students should go forthe practice to increase the skill of handling such question in a shorts spanof time rather than bother to improve the mental ability.

Q.22. Kindly elaborate how to make notes for P.T. and Main Examination?Ans. Notes preparation for the P.T. is primarily based on facts. It is therefore

recommended that students go for reading as many books as possible. Asfar as making the notes is concerned they should be making pointers offactual orientation that need to be memorised. For main examination notesshould be made for every segment to the extent they have got enoughinformation that can handle all past year’s questions. Notes should also have


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a small list of pointers prepared alongside. It is also found that making notesin the flow chart form is a convenient method for gathering information inpictorial form as mind can take a picture easily and store them longer.

Q.23. It is assumed that people with superior I.Q. have edge over thosehaving lower I.Q. How far it is true?

Ans. The basis for the calculation of I.Q. is long debated. There is no one opinionthat I.Q. should be the right basis for assessing the individual capability ofgrey matter. Person with superior I.Q. are also not the greatest of achieversin life. While the very base for the calculation of the I.Q. is debated oneshould not be bothered about factoring such thing while preparing for itsultimate goal of Civil Service.

Q.24. Is it essential that the bureaucrats have to be always in formal dress?Ans. No there is no such things that they should always be dressed in their formals.

It is dressed to the occasion and if the occasion may demand so it has to beadhered to. However, the dress should not be the basis for one to decidewriting this examination or not.

Q.25. Civil Services has been referred to as the mother of all examination?What tactics student should adopt to get the blessing of the mother?

Ans. A lot of grit, some grace and ability to stay focussed even under stress.Q.26. What is the role of guidance in the form of coaching institute towards

the preparation for the examination?Ans. Coaching institute plays a very vital role in preparing for the examination

because they help in providing the right orientation for the students and savevaluable time in the process. They also provide information on such themeswhich are not easily accessible to the students. The most important role isthe utility of “just in time” management and help the reorganisation of informationhitherto gathered by the students (i.e. “just in case” collection of information).However, it must be borne in mind that if the guidance is not proper and isgiven by the people who have no expertise in the field it may have reverseimpact.

Q.27. Is there any fixed method preparation for the Civil Services or it varieswith the individual?

Ans. There is no fixed method for the preparation as different candidates chalk outtheir own course of preparation. However, some common strategy can beidentified and that is where one must concentrate primarily on theaccumulation of large base of information and skill to use them depending onthe questions asked. As far as methodology to do this (i.e. by making notes,reading directly from the books, making graphics or for that matter flow chartingetc) all depends on individual training for the purpose of learning the information.

Q.28. Can a person use guides available in the market as they seem to besaving lots of time?

Ans. Guides are good as far as collection of information at one place is concerned.However, they seem to be making sense to the person who has an appreciationfor such information. They cannot be used as a base book. Students are


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advised to make thorough reading of the text book and then only pick upguides for revision purpose. Guides can never be substitute for a text book.

Q.29 In the present world of IT how civil services fares as a career option?Ans. These are two fields and have got their own share of advantages and

disadvantages. It also depends on the personal liking. However the trendsuggests that a large number of people having their initial training in IT havegone in for civil services as career option, though the reverse is seldom heardof. This fact itself explains the relative relevance of both as career option.

Q. 30. Should one go for IAS right after graduation without any job or shouldone first settle down with a job and then go for writing this examination?

Ans. Civil Services preparation in majority of the cases is seen to be a full timeexercise and it merits at least one year of thorough preparation after graduationthen it may be clubbed for the subsequent preparation with any job or aprofessional course. However, it is the quality time spent towards this goal isimportant not the presence of a job alongside or the absence there of.

Q.31 Which type of question, conceptual or analytical should be attemptedin the main examination in order to get good marks?

Ans. It is not the question which fetches marks it is the answer. A student shoulddecide about writing a question not by the nature of the question but by thelevel of comfort and information base available for a particular question. Thereis no such thing that writing conceptual question will always get more marksor writing analytical question will get more marks.

Q.32 While answering a question should the candidate adopt simplelanguage or go for decorated one?

Ans. Examiner cannot be impressed by the skill of the language but by the contentthereof. It is the content which gets more importance then the way it ispresented. Thereby it should be kept in mind that if the content is in placeand it is also having a veneer of good language it works great.

Q.33 What is the role of notes in the preparation for the examination?Ans. Notes play an important role but it also depends on the candidates individual

habits of learning things. There are students who are comfortable readingfrom the books directly and make no note. However, it is advised that makingshort note is always very helpful for being able to revise the reading in a shortspan of time.

Q.34 What is the role of etiquette in the interview?Ans. Etiquette with regards to the protocol play a significant role as they cast the

first impression on the minds of the interviewer before the person speaks andthen even after the candidate has left the room leave some image in the mindof the interviewer while they are scoring him. Thereby it is recommended thatbasic etiquette suited to such occasion must be picked up and adhere towhich will be not only vital for such interview but any formal attendance of thisnature.

Q.35. How the time management should be taken up for the PT inside theexamination hall?


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Ans. The time management is a crucial component of the final performance of astudent. It is generally found that the candidates have shortage of time whileanswering the question. It is primarily due to the fact that enough practicehas not been done towards this end. Student should first ensure that theyhave got all the answers to which they are sure to their credit. Thereby inmore than one round the whole question should be gone by and not takingchances for the questions they are not sure of at the cost of such questionswhich they are sure.

Q.36 How one should start preparing for civil services examination?Ans. The best way to start for this examination is by knowing the nature of

examination. After having decided for the optionals one should develop akeen interest in looking at the past years questions to get an idea as to whatone should be preparing for. One should also get a proper guidance for thechannelization of its time, energy and resources. Planning is very crucial.One must plan and work the plan in a disciplined manner. There should betime frame and small targets fixed to work in this direction.

Q.37 I am doing my graduation from commerce. What options should Ichoose for my civil services examination?

Ans. The best way to start for this examination is by knowing the nature ofexamination. After having decided for the optionals one should develop akeen interest in looking at the past years questions to get an idea as to whatone should be preparing for. One should also get a proper guidance for thechannelization of its time, energy and resources. Planning is very crucial.One must plan and work the plan in a disciplined manner. There should betime frame and small targets fixed to work in this direction.

Q.38 How should one make use of text books?Ans. After having identified text books one must also earmark the portions to be

read. It is not essential that every text book need to be read from cover tocover. It is advised that students should have their own copy of text books sothat they can liberally underlined or highlight, make markings and the booksare available with them all the time. Text book should be personalized withones own small comments here and there and one can also have small flagsattached to them which may save some valuable time while locating certainminor content. It is also found that while preparing for the PT index root tostudy a text book is also helpful.

Q.39. What is the dress code for the interview?Ans. The dress code for the ladies and gentleman should be such that gives

importance to the occasion. While the interviews are conducted during daytime light colour dress is recommended. There should be no casual wear.Full sleeves shirt, leather belt, leather shoes and matching tie isrecommended. However, one may wear a summer suit as well. For the ladiessaree is recommended but if they are not comfortable in saree even salwarsuit can be recommended with minimum jewelry and make-up.


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Q.40 What are the major areas of GS PT and GS Mains?Ans. Major areas actually depend on the marks contained in each one of those

segments. The major area for PT is science, history and geography while forthe Mains major areas include Indian polity, history, economy, science &technology etc.

Q.41 How to identify ones own weak spots?Ans. The best way to identify ones weaker spot is by attempting past year questions.

However, it may not be as simple as it has to be relative. It is relative to theparticipation of such portion of the segment in the total distribution of markvis-a-vis the comparison with the other candidates for the same segment.For example if a person has got a weaker segment in history which has gotmore than 30 questions asked it is a point to worry but. For the same portionof history other student are worst of then reason to worry is less. And this iswhat is meant by relative assessment of performance.

Q.42 What are the criteria to select the good books?Ans. Books are vital towards the preparation, however, selection of wrong books

may create more problem and they may not only waste valuable time butalso misguide in the process. The selection of books has to be done by morethan one process such as taking opinion of the experts of the field, takingidea from the successful candidates and also by reading small part of thebook oneself.

Q.43 What is the role of magazine in the preparation for the examination?Ans. Magazine play one of the most crucial role towards the preparation because

they not only are written by the experts in the field but also constantly keepsthe students posted about the changes in the trends. Newspapers are vitalbut it may not be possible for students to read too many newspapers andthereby magazines emerge to play a vital role here.

Q.44 What is the role of radio and television in preparing for thisexamination?

Ans. Radio and TV both traditionally have been vital source of information for thecurrent events. But in the recent phase of increasing commercialization onboth these channels their role is decreasing as compared to newspaper ormagazine. You cannot simply overlook an advertisement and commercialson T.V. Thereby the newspaper and magazine may be more direct source ofinformation than TV and radio.

Q.45 What should be the basis for choosing coaching institutions?Ans. Coaching institutions while they help in more than one way, landing with a

wrong institution make more harm than the good. It is therefore very vital thatutmost care is taken for the selection of a coaching institute. Track record ofa coaching institute in terms of its success rate composition of faculty,cumulative experience of the institute, accessibility as well as consultationwith the students who have studied in the institution are some of the vitalbases that can be adopted for deciding to join a coaching institute.


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Q.46 What is the role of essay writing and how it should be acquired?Ans. Essay has acquired a significant place in the overall performance of a candidate

in the main examination. Essay writing is different from answer writing ofgeneral studies or for that matter optionals. Essay writing is a skill that canbe learnt gradually over a period of time. It is normally advised that afterhaving gone through the grammar of essay writing one should also giveimportance to the practice. It can be suggested that if one is able to write oneessay a week and also make broad outline of four essays a month it shouldbe good enough practice to make the candidate comfortable in examination.For practice the titles can be picked up from the past year questions.

Q.47 How the time between the preliminary examination and the resultcan be best utilized?

Ans. Soon after the PT examination one must give a small break of a few days andafter that pick up the second optional that is the optional for the mainexamination and read that carefully with a target that before the result is outone has gone through it properly. It is expected that a candidate has not readthe second optional in the last five months or so while preparing for the PTexamination. Alongside student should also give some time to general studiesand maintain a touch with the first optional as well.

Q.48. What is the role of practicing the previous year main examinationquestions?

Ans. The previous year questions are vital in more than one way, while there is avery bleak chance that they will be repeated, yet it is the root to learn thetime management, understanding the structure of the question and also beingable to answer within the specified number of words. Normally in the courseof preparation student concentrate on collection of information withoutbothering to know how to use them. This can only be learnt through theproper practice of the previous year questions.

Q.49. How one should go on deciding about the optionals?Ans. It is very important that the correct optionals are taken up and it is advised

that students should take up optionals for which the success rate in therecent past has been good. It should also be seen that if such optional canpossibly help in getting some advantage in general studies as well. And themost vital factor is the candidate is willingness to spend 100s of hours withthe chosen option.

Q.50. Does the family background of civil services give added advantageduring interview?

And. There was a time when it was seen that larger number of successful candidateswere from such families which had history of civil services. Such socialreproduction is not so common these days. Being a son or daughter of a civilservant these days is no way giving additional advantage or disadvantagetowards the success. It is the performance not the family history which is thereference point for the interviewer while giving marks to a candidate.


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REGULATIONS RELATING TO THE PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONS OF CANDIDATES

The regulations are published for the convenience of candidates and enable them toascertain the probability of their possessing the required physical standard. The regulationsare also intended to provide guidelines to the medical examiners.

NOTE-1 “The medical Board while conducted medical examination of the candidateswho have applied against the posts reserved for physically handicapped category willkeep the relevant provisions of the persons with Disabilities (equal opportunity. Protectionof right and full participation ) Act,1995 wherein the extent of permissible physical disabilityhas been defined.” NOTE-2 “Further, Government also constitute Special Medical Board(s)/Appellate MedicalBoard to issue the Disability Certificate in the prescribed form to physically disabledcandidates and also to conduct the regular medical examination of physically disabledcandidates in terms of these regulations. Blind candidates shall be eligible only for selection/appointment in posts which areidentified as suitable for them in the Brochure on Reservations and Concessions forphysically handicapped in Central Government services.2. (a) The Government of India reserve to themselves absolute discretion to reject oraccept any candidate after considering the report of the Medical Board.2. (b) The medical examination shall be conducted in two parts, i.e. Part I which shallconsist of the entire medical examination which the medical board may prescribe for acandidate, except the Radiographic Examination of the chest (X-ray test ) and Part II whichshall consist of Radiographic Examination (X-ray test of the chest ). The part II shall beconducted only in respect of the candidates who have been declared finally successful onthe basis of the examination. The classification of various Services under the two categories, namely “Technical”and “Non-Technical” will be as under:-A.TECHNICAL

(1) Indian Railway Traffic Service.(2) Indian Police service and other Central Police Services Group ‘A’ and ‘B’. (3) Group ‘A’ Posts in the Railway Protection Force.

B. NON-TECHNICAL IAS,IFS,IA, and AS, Indian Customs and Central Excise service, Indian Civil AccountsService, Indian Railway Accounts service, Indian Railway personnel service, Indian DefenceAccounts services, Indian Revenue Service, Indian Ordnance Factories Services. Group A,Indian Postal Service, Indian Defence Estates Service Group A, Indian P&T Accounts andFinance Service, Group A and other Central Civil Services Group A and B.

1. To be passed as fit for appointment, a candidate must be in good mental andbodily health and free from any physical defect likely to interfere with the efficientperformance of the duties on his appointment.

2. (a) In the matter of co-relation of age limit, height and chest girth of candidates ofIndia (including Anglo-Indian race), it is left to the Medical Board to use whatevercorrelation figure are considered most suitable as a guide in the examination ofthe candidates. If there be any disproportion with regard to height, weight andchest girth, the candidates should be hospitalized for investigation and X-ray ofthe chest taken before the candidate is declared fit or not fit by the Board. However,the X-ray of the chest will be done in respect of only such candidates who are


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directed to appear before the medical board for Part II of the medical examination.(b) However, for certain services minimum standard for height and chest girthwithout which candidates cannot be accepted , are as follows:-

Height Chest girth fully expanded Expansion

(1) (2) (3) (4)(1) Indian Railways 152 cm* 84 cm 5 cm (for men)

Traffic service (s) 150 cm* 79 cm 5 cm (for women)

(2) Indian Policy 165 cm 84 cm 5 cm (for men)Service Group ‘A’Post in RailwayProtection Forceand other Central 150 cm** 79 cm 5 cm (for women)Police ServicesGroup ‘A’ & Group ‘B’

*The minimum height prescribed is relaxable in the case of candidates belonging toscheduled Tribes and to races such as Gorkhas, Garhwalis, Assamese, Kumaonis, andNagaland Tribal etc. whose average height is distinctly lower. **The following relaxed minimum height standard in case of candidates belongingto the Scheduled Tribes and to the races such as Gorkhas, Assamese, Kumaonis, andNagaland are applicable to Indian Police Service. Men 160cms. Women 145cms.

3. The candidate’s height will be measured as follows:-He will be remove his shoes and be placed against the standard with his feettogether and the weight thrown on the heels and not on the toe or other sides ofthe feet. He will stand erect without rigidity and with heels calves’ buttocks andshoulder touching the standard; the chin will be depressed to bring the vertex ofthe head level under the horizontal bar and the height will be recorded incentimeters and parts of a centimeter to halves.

4. The candidate’s chest will be measured as follows:He will be made to stand with his feet together and to raise arms over his head.The tape will be so adjusted round the chest that its upper edge touches theinferior angles of the shoulder blades behind and ties in the same horizontalplane when the tape is taken round the chest. The arms will then be lowered tohang loosely by the side and care will be taken that the shoulders are not thrownupwards or backwards so as to displace the tape. The candidate will then bedirected to take a deep inspiration several times and the maximum expansion ofthe chest will be carefully noted and the minimum and maximum will then berecorded in centimeters 84-89, 86-93.5 etc. In recording the measurementsfractions of less than half a centimeter should not be noted.

N.B.- The height and chest of the candidates should be measured twice beforecoming to a final decision.

5. The candidate will also be weighed and his weight recorded in kilograms;fractions of half a kilogram should not be noted.

6. (a) The candidate’s eye-sight will be tested in accordance with the followingrules. The result of each test will be recorded.

(i) General- The candidate’s eyes will be submitted to a general


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examination directed to the detection of any disease or abnormality.The candidate will be rejected if he suffers from any morbidconditions of eye, eyelids or contiguous structure of such a sortas to render or are likely at future date to render him unfit forservice.

(ii) Visual Acuity- The examination for determining the acuteness ofvisions includes two tests-one for distant the other for near vision.Each eye will be examined separately.

(b) There shall be no limit for maximum naked eye vision but the naked eyevision of the candidates shall however be recorded by the Medical Board or other medicalauthority in every case, as it will furnish the basic information in regard to the condition ofthe eye. (c) The following standards are prescribed for distant and near vision withor without glasses for different types of services.

Class of ServiceIAS, IFS and Other

IPS and other Police Central CivilServices, Group ‘A’ & Services, Group‘B’ and IRTS/RPF ‘A’ & ‘B’ (Non-(Technical Services) technical Services)Better eye Worse eye Better eye Worse eye(corrected (correctedvision) vision)

1. Distant vision 6/6 or 6/9 6/12 or 6/9 6/6 or 6/9 6/18 to Nil or6/12

2. Near vision J1** J2** J1** J3 to Nil**J2 J2

3. Types of corrections Spectacles Spectaclespermitted 10L*

Radial Keratotomy*/Lasik Laser Surgery

4. Limits of refractive +4.00 D (including None but withoutpermitted cylinder)-Non- Pathological

Myopia+4.00 D (includingcylinder)(Hypermetropia)

5. Colour vision High Grade Low graderequirements

6. Binocular vision Yes Noneeded

* To be referred to a Special Board of Ophthalmologists.** Near vision for Railways Service viz., IRTS, IRAS, IRPS and RPF is JI in better eye and JIIin worse eye (d) (i) in respect of the Technical service mentioned above any other service concernedwith the safety of public the total amount of Myopia (including the cylinder) shall not exceedminus 4.00 D. Total amount of hypermetropia (including the cylinder ) shall not exceedplus 4.00 D:


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Provided that in case a candidate in respect of the services classified as “Technical”(other than the Services under the Ministry of Railways ) is found unfit on grounds of highmyopia the matter shall be referred to a special board of three ophthalmologists to declarewhether this myopia is pathological or not. In case it is not pathological, the candidate shallbe declared fit, provided he fulfils the visual requirements otherwise. (ii) In every case of myopia, fundus examination should be carried out and the resultsrecorded. In the event of pathological condition being present which is likely to beprogressive and affect the efficiency of the candidate, he/she should be declared unfit. (e) Field of vision: The field of vision shall be tested in respect of all services by theconfrontation method. When such test gives unsatisfactory or doubtful result the field ofvision should be determined on the perimeter. (f) Night Blindness: Broadly there are two types of night blindness (1) as a result ofVitamin A deficiency and (2) as a result of Organic disease of Retina-common cause beingRetinitis Pigmentosa. In (1) the fundus is normal, generally seen in younger age groupand ill nourished persons and improves by large doses of Vitamin A. In (2) the fundus isoften involved and mere fundus examination will reveal the condition in majority of cases.The patient in this category is an adult and may not suffer from malnutrition personsseeking employment for higher posts in the Government will fall in this category. For both(1) and (2) dark adaptation test will reveal the condition. For (2) specially when fundus isnot involved electro-Retinography is required to be done. Both these tests (dark adaptationand retinography) are time-consuming and require as a routine test in a medical check up.Because of these specialized set up, and equipment and thus are not possible as atechnical considerations, it is for the Ministry/Department to indicate if these tests for nightblindness are required to be done. This will depend upon the job requirement and natureof duties to be performed by the prospective Government employees.

For Railway Services (IRTS, IRAS, IRPS and RPF) - Night blindness need not be testedas a routine but only in special cases. No standard test for the testing of night blindness ordark adaption is prescribed. The Medical Board should be given the discretion to improvisesuch rough test e.g., recording of visual acuity with reduced illumination or by making or bymaking the candidate recognize various objects in a darkened room after he has beenthere for 20 to 30 minutes. “Candidates” own statements should not always be relied uponbut they should be given due consideration. (g) Colour Vision: The testing of color vision shall be essential in respect of the TechnicalServices mentioned above. As regards the non-Technical Services/posts the Ministry/Department concerned will have to inform the medical board that the candidate is for aservice requiring colour vision examination or not.


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Colour perception should be graded into higher and lower depending uponthe size of aperture in the lantern as described in the table below:-

Grade Higher Grade Lower Gradecolour Perception Colour Perception

1 2 3 1. Distance 16 ft 16 ft

between thelamp and thecandidate

2. Size ofaperture 1.3 mm. 13 mm.

3. Time ofexposure 5 seconds 5 seconds

For the IPS and other Police Services, Group ‘A’ and ‘B’ Indian Railway Traffic ServiceGroup A posts in the Railway Protection force and for other Services concerned with thesafety of the public higher grade of colour vision is essential but for others lower, grade ofcolour vision should be considered sufficient. Satisfactory colour vision constitutes, recognition with ease and without hesitation ofsignal red, green and yellow colours. The use of Ishihara’s plates, shown in good light anda suitable Edrige Green’s lantern shall be considered quite dependable for testing colourvision. While either of the two tests may ordinarily be considered sufficient in respect ofservices concerned with road, rail and air traffic, it is essential to carry out the lantern test.In doubtful cases where a candidate fails to qualify when tested by only one of the two tests,both the tests should be employed. However both the Ishihara’s plates and Edrige Green’slantern shall be used for testing colour vision of candidates for appointment to the IndianRailway Traffic Service and Group ‘A’ posts in the Railway protection Force.

(h) Ocular condition other than visual acuity-

(i) Any organic disease or a progressive refractive error, which is likely toresult in lowering visual acuity, should be considered a disqualification.(ii) squint: For technical services where the presence of binocular vision isessential squint, even if the vision acuity in each eye is of prescribedstandard should be considered a disqualification. For other services thepresence of squint should not be considered as a disqualification if thevisual acuity is of the prescribed standards. For Railways technical servicesbinocular vision is essential.(iii) if a person has one eye or if he has one eye which has normal visionand the other eye is amblyopic or has subnormal vision the usual effect isthat the person is lacking stereoscopic vision for perception of depth. Suchvision is not necessary for many civil posts. The medical board mayrecommend as fit such persons provided the normal eye has-

(i) 6/6 distant vision j/I near vision with or without glasses providedthe error in any meridian is not more than 4 dioptres for distantvision.


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(ii) Has full field of vision.(iii) Normal colour vision wherever required:

Provided the Board is satisfied that the candidate can perform all thefunctions for the particular job in question.

The above relaxed standard of visual acuity will NOT apply to candidatesfor post/services classified as “TECHNICAL” The Ministry/Department concernedwill have to inform the medical board that the candidate is for a “TECHNICAL” postor not.

(iv) Contact Lenses: During the medical examination ofCandidate, the use of contact lenses is not to be allowed. It isnecessary that when conducting eye test the illumination of the typedletters for distant vision should have an illumination of 15 foot-candles.

GUIDELINES FOR SPECIAL OPHTHALMIC BOARD

Special ophthalmic Board for eye examination shall consist of 3 ophthalmologists:(a) Cases where the Medical Board has recorded visual function within normal

prescribed limits but suspects a disease of progressive and organic nature, whichis likely to cause damage to the visual function should refer the candidate to aspecial ophthalmic Board for opinion as part of the first Medical Board.

(b) All cases of any type of surgery on eyes. IOL, refractive corneal surgery, doubtfulcases of colour defect should be referred to special ophthalmic Board.

(c) In such cases where a candidate is found to be having high myopia or highhypermetropia the Central Standing Medical Board/State Medical Board shouldimmediately refer the candidates for a special Board of three ophthalmologistsconstituted by the Medical Superintendent of the hospital/A.M.O. with the head ofthe Department of ophthalmology of the hospital or the senior most ophthalmologistas the Chairman of the special Board . The ophthalmologist/Medical Officer whohas conducted the preliminary ophthalmic examination cannot be a part of thespecial Board.

The examination by the special board should preferably be done on the same day.Whenever it is not possible to convene the special board of three Ophthalmologists onthe day of medical examination by the central standing Medical Board/State Medicalboard, the board may be convened at an earliest possible date. The special Ophthalmic Board may carry out detailed investigation before arrivingat their decision. The Medicals Board’s report may not be deemed as complete unless it includesthe report of the Special board for all such cases which are referred to it.


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GENERAL STUDIESPRELIMINARY EXAM - 2008

Time Allowed: Two Hours Max imumMarks: 150

INSTRUCTIONS

1. Immediately after the commencement of the examination, you shouldcheck that this booklet does not have any unprinted or torn or missingpages or items etc. If so, get it replaced by a complete test booklet.

2. Encode clearly the test booklet series GS as the case may be in theappropriate place in the answer sheet.

3. You have to enter your Roll Number on the Test Booklet in the Boxprovided alongside. Do Not write anything else on the Test Booklet.

4. This Test Booklet contains 150 items (questions). Each item is printedboth in Hindi and English. Each item comprises four responses (an-swers). You will select the response which you want to mark on theAnswer Sheet. In case you feel that there is more than one correctresponse, mark the response which you consider the best. In any case,choose Only One response for each item.

5. For each question for which a wrong answer has been given bythe candidate, one third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that ques-tion will be deducted as penalty. If a candidate gives more thanone answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one ofthe given answers happens to be correct and there will be samepenalty as above for that question. If a question is left blank i.e.no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty forthat question.

6. You have to mark all your responses Only on the separate Answer Sheetprovided. See directions in the Answer Sheet.

7. All items carry equal marks. Attempt All items. Your total marks willdepend only on the number of correct responses marked by you in theAnswer Sheet.

8. Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to variousitems in the Test Booklet, you have to fill in some particulars in theAnswer Sheet as per instructions sent to you with your Admission Cer-tificate.

9. After you have completed filling in all your responses on the AnswerSheet and the examination has concluded, you should hand over to theinvigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take away withyou the Test Booklet and rough sheets issued to you.


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General Studies (PT) - 20081. Match List-I with List-II and select the

correct answer using the code givenbelow the Lists:List-I (Person)A. Nagender SinghB. A. N. RayC. R. K. TrivediD. Ashok DesaiList-II (Position)1. Chief Election Commissioner of

India2. President, International Court of

Justice3. Chief Justice of India4. Attorney General of IndiaCode :

A B C Da) 1 4 2 3b) 2 3 1 4c) 1 3 2 4d) 2 4 1 3

2. Consider the following statements:1. The albedo of an object

determines its visual brightnesswhen viewed with reflected light.

2. The albedo of Mercury is muchgreater than the albedo of theEarth.

Which of the statements given aboveis / are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

3. Consider the following statementsabout probiotic food:1. Probiotic food contains live

bacteria which are consideredbeneficial to humans.

2. Probiotic food helps maintaininggut flora

Which of the statements given aboveis / are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

4. Yom Kippur War was fought betweenwhich sides / countries?(a) Turkey and Greece(b) Serbs and Croats(c) Israel, and Arab countries led by

Egypt and Syria(d) Iran and Iraq

5. Norman Ernest Borlaug who isregarded as the father of the GreenRevolution in India is from which

country?(a) United States of America(b) Mexico(c) Australia(d) New Zealand

6. In which one of the following Statesare Namchik-Namphuk Coalfieldslocated?(a) Arunachal Pradesh(b) Meghalaya(c) Manipur(d) Mizoram

7. Which one of the following is correct inrespect of Indian football team’sperformance in the Olympic Games?(a) India has never participated in the

Olympic Football Tournament(b) India played only in the First Round(c) India entered only up to the Quarter

Finals(d) India entered the Semi Finals

8. Which was the Capital of Andhra Statewhen it was made a separate State inthe year 1953?(a) Guntur (b) Kurool(c) Nellore (d) Warangal

9. Who among the following have held theoffice of the Vice-President of India?1. Mohammad Hidayatullah2. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed3. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy4. Shankar Dayal SharmaSelect the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1 and 4 only(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 3 and 4 only

10. What is the pH level of blood of a normalperson?(a) 4.5-4.6 (b) 6.45-6.55(c) 7.35-7.45 (d) 8.25-8.35

11. Rangarajan has been actively involvedin the Pan-Asian Commissionaddressing to which one of thefollowing issues?(a) Promotion of tourism in the Asian

region(b) Impact of HIV / AIDS in the Asian

region(c) Promotion of free trade in the

Asian region(d) Higher technical education in the

universities in the Asian region


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12. Match List-I with List-II and select thecorrect answer using the code givenbelow the Lists:List-I (Service/ Agency)A. Foreign Intelligence ServiceB. Ministry of State SecurityC. Secret Intelligence ServiceD. The MossadList-II (Country)1. Israel 2. Britain3. China 4. RussiaCode:

A B C D(a) 4 1 2 3(b) 2 3 4 1(c) 4 3 2 1(d) 2 1 4 3

13. ISRO successfully conducted a rockettest using cryogenic engines in the year2007. Where is the test-stand used forthe purpose, located?(a) Balasore(b) Thiruvananthapuram(c) Mahendragiri(d) Karwar

14. In which one of the following is Maltalocated?(a) Baltic Sea(b) Mediterranean Sea(c) Black Sea(d) North Sea

15. Starting with the Australian Open LawnTennis Tournament, which one of thefollowing is the correct chronologicalorder of the other three major LawnTennis Tournaments?(a) French Open-US Open-

Wimbledon(b) French Open-Wimbledon-US

Open(c) Wimbledon-US Open-French

Open(d) Wimbledon-French Open-US

Open16. Among the following, which one lays

eggs and does not produce young onesdirectly?(a) Echidna (b) Kangaroo(c) Porcupine (d) Whale

17. The release of which one of thefollowing into ponds and wells helps incontrolling the mosquitoes?(a) Crab (b) Dogfish

(c) Gambusia fish (d) Snail18. Which Schedule of the Constitution of

India contains special provisions for theadministration and control of ScheduledAreas in several States’?(a) Third (b) Fifth(c) Seventh (d) Ninth

19. Department of Border Management isa Department of which one of thefollowing Union Ministries?(a) Ministry of Defence(b) Ministry of Home Affairs(c) Ministry of Shipping, Road

Transport and Highways(d) Ministry of Environment and

Forests20. For which one of the following reforms

was a Commission set up under theChairmanship of Veerappa Moily by theGovernment of India?(a) Police Reforms(b) Tax Reforms(c) Reforms in Technical Education(d) Administrative Reforms

21. Elizabeth Hawley is well-known for herwritings relating to which one of thefollowing?(a) Historical monuments in India(b) Regional dances in India(c) Himalayan expeditions(d) Wildlife in India

22. In India, how many States share thecoastline?(a) 7 (b) 8(c) 9 (d) 10

23. Nobel Prize winning scientist James D.Watson is known for his work in whicharea?(a) Metallurgy(b) Meteorology(c) Environmental protection(d) Genetics

24. Match List-I with List-II and select thecorrect answer using the code givenbelow the Lists:List-I (Board)A. Coffee Board B. Rubber BoardC. Tea Board D. Tobacco BoardCode:

A B C D(a) 2 4 3 1(b) 1 3 4 2(c) 2 3 4 1(d) 1 4 3 2


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25. Which one among the following has themaximum number of National Parks?(a) Andaman and Nicobar Islands(b) Arunachal Pradesh(c) Assam(d) Meghalaya

26. Among the following, which one is notah ape?(a) Gibbon (b) Gorilla(c) Langur (d) Orangutan

27.

In how many different ways can all of5 identical balls be placed in the cellsshown above such that each rowcontains at least 1 ball?(a) 64 (b) 81(c) 84 (d) 108

28. There are 6 different letters and 6correspondingly addressed envelopes.If the letters are randomly put in theenvelopes, what is the probability thatexactly 5 letters go into the correctlyaddressed envelopes?(a) Zero (b)1/6(c) 1/2 (d) 5/6

29.

There are two identical red, twoidentical black and two identical whiteballs. In how many different ways canthe balls be placed in the cells (eachcell to contain one ball) shown abovesuch that balls of the same colour donot occupy any two consecutive cells?(a) 15 (b) 18(c) 24 (d) 30

30.

How many different triangles are therein the figure shown above?(a) 28 (b) 24(c) 20 (d) 16

31. Which of the following pairs is / are

correctly matched?1. Francis Collins - Mapping human

genome2. Sergey Brin - Google Search

Engine3. Jimmy Wales - WikipediaSelect the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

32. What does S & P 500 relate to?(a) Supercomputer(b) A new technique in e-business(c) A new technique in bridge

building(d) An index of stocks of large

companies33. Rajiv Gandhi National Flying Institute is

being established in which State?(a) Karnataka (b) Maharashtra(c) Kerala (d) Orissa

34. Who among the following has been theCaptain of the Indian team in CricketTest Matches for the maximum numberof times?(a) Sunil Gavaskar(b) Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi(c) Saurav Ganguly(d) Mohammad Azharuddin

35. Who among the following wrote thepoem, Subh-e Azadi?(a) Sahir Ludhiyanvi(b) Faiz Ahmed Faiz(c) Muhammad Iqbal(d) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

36. How can the height of a person who isSIX feet tall be expressed(approximately) in nanometres?(a) 183 x 106 nanometres(b) 234 x 106 nanometres(c) 183 X 107 nanometres(d) 234 x 107 nanometres

37. A person is sitting in a car which is atrest. The reaction from the road at eachof the four wheels of the car is R. Whenthe car runs on a straight level road,how will the reaction at either of thefront wheels vary? .(a) It will be greater than R(b) It will be less than R(c) It will be equal to R(d) It shall depend on the materialof the road


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38. With which one of the following riversis the Omkareshwar Projectassociated?(a) Chambal (b) Narmada(c) Tapi (d) Bhima

39. Consider the following statements:1. The Nuclear Suppliers Group has

24 countries as its members.2. India is a member of the Nuclear

Suppliers Group.Which of the statements given aboveis / are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither1 nor 2

40. In the context of the Indian defence,what is ‘Dhruv’?(a) Aircraft-carrying warship(b) Missile-carrying submarine(c) Advanced light helicopter(d) Intercontinental ballistic missile

41. ‘Hand-in-Hand 2007’, a joint anti-terrorism military training was held bythe officers of the Indian Army andofficers of Army of which one of thefollowing countries?(a) China (b) Japan(c) Russia (d) USADirections :Each of the following four (4) itemsconsists of two statements, onelabelled as ‘Assertion (A)’ and the otheras ‘Reason (R) ‘. You are to examinethese two statements carefully andselect the answers to these items usingthe code given below:Code:(a) Both A and R are individually true

and R is the correct explanationof A

(b) Both A and R are individually truebut R is not the correct explanationof A

(c) A is true but R is false(d) A is false but R is true

42. Assertion (A) : In human body,l iver has animportant role infat digestion.

Reason (R) : Liver producestwo importantfat -d igest ingenzymes.

43. Assertion (A) : In the visible

spectrum oflight, red light ismore energeticthan green light.

Reason (R) : The wave-length of redlight is morethan that ofgreen light.

44. Assertion (A) : Radio wavesbend in a mag-netic field.

Reason (R) : Radio wavesare electromag-netic in nature.

45. Assertion (A) : The CongressMinistries in allthe provincesresigned in theyear 1939.

Reason (R) : The Congressdid not acceptthe decision ofthe Viceroy todeclare wara g a i n s tGermany in thecontext of theSecond WorldWar.

46. Where was the First Session of theIndian National Congress held inDecember 1885?(a) Ahmadabad (b) Bombay(c) Calcutta (d) Delhi

47. Which one of the following was ajournal brought out by Abul KalamAzad?(a) Al-Hilal(b) Comrade(c) The Indian Sociologist(d) Zamindar

48. Who among the following Gandhianfollowers was a teacher byprofession?(a) A. N. Sinha(b) Braj Kishore Prasad(c) J. B. Kriplani(d) Rajendra Prasad

49. How much is one barrel of oilapproximately equal to?(a) 131 litres (b) 159 litres(c) 257 litres (d) 321 litres


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50. Which one of the following pairs ofmetals constitutes the lightest metal andthe heaviest metal, respectively?(a) Lithium and mercury(b) Lithium and osmium(c) Aluminium and osmium(d) Aluminium and mercury

51. Mixture of which one of the followingpairs of gases is the cause ofoccurrence of most of the explosionsin mines?(a) Hydrogen and oxygen(b) Oxygen and acetylene(c) Methane and air(d) Carbon dioxide and methane

52. Which one of the following is alsocalled Stranger Gas?(a) Argon (b) Neon(c) Xenon (d) Nitrous oxide

53. What are Rubies and Sapphireschemically known as?(a) Silicon dioxide(b) Aluminium oxide(c) Lead tetroxide(d) Boron nitride

54. Consider the following statements:1. A widely used musical scale called

diatonic scale has sevenfrequencies.

2. The frequency of the note Sa (lk)is 256 Hz and that of Ni (uh) is 512Hz.

Which of the statements given aboveis / are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither1 nor 2

55. Which one of the following lasertypes is used in a laser printer?(a) Dye laser(b) Gas laser(c) Semiconductor laser(d) Excimer laser

56. Consider the following statements inrespect of a jet engine and a rocket:1. A jet engine uses the surrounding

air for its oxygen supply and so isunsuitable for motion in space.

2. A rocket carries its own supply ofoxygen in the gas form, and fuel.

Which of the statements given aboveis / are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither1 nor 2

57. Among the following which one has

the minimum population on the basis ofdata of Census of India, 2001?(a) Chandigarh (b) Mizoram(c) Puducherry (d) Sikkim

58. Who among the following translatedthe Autobiography of Madam Curie inHindi?(a) Atal Bihari Vajpayee(b) Lal Bahadur Shastri(c) Choudhary Charan Singh(d) Gobind Vallabh Pant

59. Who among the following scientistsshared the Nobel Prize in Physics withhis son?(a) Max Planck(b) Albert Einstein(c) William Henry Bragg(d) Enrico Fermi

60. Which one of the following is thecorrect sequence in respect of theRoman numerals—C, D, L and M?(a) C > D > L > M(b) M > L > D > C(c) M > D > C > L(d) L > C > D > M

61. What does Baudhayan theorem(Baudhayan Sulva Sutra) relate to?(a) Lengths of sides of a right-angled

triangle(b) Calculation of the value of pi(c) Logarithmic calculations(d) Normal distribution curve

62. Which of the following pairs is / arecorrectly matched?Theory/Law Associated

Scientist1. Continental Edwin

Drift Hubble2. Expansion Alfred

of Universe Wegener3. Photoelectric Albert

Effect EinsteinSelect the correct answer using thecode given below:Code :a) 2 and 3 only b) 3 onlyc) 2 only d) 1 only

63. Which of the following minerals arefound in a natural way in the State ofChhattisgarh?(a) Bauxite (b) Polomite

(c) Iron ore (d) Tin


185

Select the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1, 2 and 3 only(b) 1 and 3 only(c) 2 and 4 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

64. On which one of the following rivers isthe Tehri Hydropower Complexlocated?(a) Alaknanda (b) Bhagirathi(c) Dhauliganga (d) Mandakini

65. Which one of the following cities isnearest to the equator?(a) Colombo (b) Jakarta(c) Manila (d) Singapore

66. Which of the following pairs arecorrectly matched?

Water falls River1. Kapildhara Godavari

Falls2. Jog Falls Sharavati3. Sivasamudram Cauvery

FallsSelect the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

67. Which one of the following straits isnearest to the International Date Line?(a) Malacca Strait(b) Bering Strait(c) Strait of Florida(d) Strait of Gibraltar

68. Which of the following pairs in respectof current power generation in India is/are correctly matched?1. Installed electricity

generationcapacity 110000 MW

2. Electricitygeneration 650 billion kWh

Select the correct answer using thecode given below:

Code:(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither1 nor 2

69. Which of the following pairs arecorrectly matched?Irrigation StateProject1. Damanganga Gujarat

2. Girna Maharashtra3. Pamba KeralaSelect the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

70. Who among the following rejected thetitle of Knighthood and refused toaccept a position in the Council of theSecretary of State for India?(a) Motilal Nehru (b) M. G. Ranade(c) G. K. Gokhale (d) B. G. Tilak

71. During the time of which MughalEmperor did the English East IndiaCompany establish its first factory inIndia?(a) Akbar (b) Jahangir(c) Shahjahan (d) Aurangzeb

72. The term “Prisoner’s Dilemma” isassociated with which one of thefollowing?(a) A technique in glass manufacture(b) A term used in shipping industry(c) A situation under the Game Theory(d) Name of a supercomputer

73. During the Indian Freedom Struggle, whoof the following raised an army called‘Free Indian Legion’?(a) Lala Hardayal(b) Rashbehari Bose(c) Subhas Chandra Bose(d) V. D. Savarkar

74. Which one of the following suggestedthe reconstitution of the Viceroy’sExecutive Council in which all theportfolios including that of War Memberswere to be held by the Indian leaders?(a) Simon Commission(b) Simla Conference(c) Cripps Proposal(d) Cabinet Mission

75. What is Agent Orange?(a) An ace spying group trained bythe Police in London(b) A weed-killing chemical used by

the US Military in the Vietnam War(c) A technique used advanced

railway procedure in the safety(d) A special chemical used in making

alloy steel76. Which two countries follow China and

India in the decreasing order of theirpopulations?


186

(a) Brazil and USA(b) USA and Indonesia(c) Canada and Malaysia(d) Russia and Nigeria

77. Amongst the following States, whichone has the highest percentage of ruralpopulation to its total population (on thebasis of the Census, 2001)?(a) Himachal Pradesh(b) Bihar(c) Orissa(d) Uttar Pradesh

78. Match List-I with List-II and select thecorrect answer using the code givenbelow the Lists:List-I (Organization)A. Amnesty InternationalB. Commonwealth of Independent

States (CIS)C. Danube CommissionD. European Space AgencyCode:List-II (Associated Convention/ Person/Place/ Headquarters)1. Viskuli 2. Paris3. Peter Benenson4. Belgrade ConventionCode

A B C D(a) 3 1 4 2(b) 4 2 3 1(c) 3 2 4 1(d) 4 1 3 2

79. Match List-I with List-II and select thecorrect answer using the code givenbelow the Lists:List-I List-II(Person) (Area)A. K. P. Singh 1. BankingB. Vikram Pandit 2.Fiction

writingC. Roopa Farooki 3. Retail

businessD. Kishore Biyani 4. Real estateCode:

A B C D(a) 4 2 1 3(b) 3 1 2 4(c) 3 2 1 4(d) 4 1 2 3

80. Where was the World Summit onSustainable Development (Rio + 10)

held?(a) Davos (b) Nova Scotia(c) Johannesburg (d) Shanghai

81. Consider the following statements:1. Clean Development Mechanism

(CDM) in respect of carbon creditsis one Of the Kyoto ProtocolMechanisms.

2. Under the CDM, the projectshandled pertain only to the Annex-I countries.

Which of the statements given aboveis/are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither1 nor 2

82. Which of the following are among themillion-plus cities in India on the basisof data of the Census, 2001?1. Ludhiana 2. Kochi3. Surat 4. NagpurSelect the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1, 2 and 3 only(b) 2, 3 and 4 only(c) 1 and 4 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

83. Which of the following are the publicsector undertakings of the Governmentof India?1. Balmer Lawrie and Company Ltd.2. Dredging Corporation of India3. Educational Consultants India Ltd.Select the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

84. Under which one of the followingConstitution Amendment Acts, fourlanguages were added to thelanguages under the Eighth Scheduleof the Constitution of India, therebyraising their number to 22?

(a) Constitution (NinetiethAmendment) Act

(b) Constitution (Ninety-firstAmendment) Act

(c) Constitution (Ninety-secondAmendment) Act

(d) Constitution (Ninety-thirdAmendment) Act

85. Consider the following statements:1. The Constitution of India provides


187

that the Legislative Assembly ofeach State shall consist of notmore than 450 members chosenby direct election from territorialconstituencies in the State

2. a person shall not be qualified tobe chosen to fill a seat in theLegislative Assembly of a State ifhe/ she is less than 25 years ofage

Which of the statements given aboveis / are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d)Neither 1 nor 2

86. Which of thef following is / are includedin the Directive Principles of StatePolicy?1. Prohibition of traffic in human

beings and forced labour2. Prohibition of consumption except

for medicinal purposes ofintoxicating drinks and of otherdrugs which are injurious to health

Select the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither1 nor 2

87. How is the United Nations Monetary andFinancial Conference wherein theagreements were signed to set upIBRD, GATT and IMF, commonly known?(a) Bandung Conference(b) Bretton Woods Conference(c) Versailles Conference(d) Yalta Conference

88. Where was the first desalination plantin India to produce one lakh litresfreshwater per day based on lowtemperature thermal desalinationprinciple commissioned?(a) Kavaratti (b) Port Blair(c) Mangalore (d) Valsad

89. Which of the following pairs arecorrectly matched?Institute Location1. National Centre

for Cell Science Mysore2. Centre for DNA

Fingerprintingand Diagnostics Hyderabad

3. National BrainResearch Centre: Gurgaon

Select the correct answer using the

code given below:Code:(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only

90. With which one of the following is BRIT(Government of India) engaged?(a) Railway Wagons(b) Information Technology(c) Isotope Technology(d) Road Transport

91. Who among the following used thephrase ‘Un-British’ to criticize theEnglish colonial control of India?(a) Anandmohan Bose(b) Badruddin Tyabji(c) Dadabhai Naoroji(d) Pherozeshah Mehta

92. Who among the following gave asystematic critique of the moderatepolitics of the Indian National Congressin a series of articles entitled NewLamps for Old?(a) Aurobindo Ghosh(b) R. C. Dutt(c) Syed Ahmad Khan(d) Viraraghavachari

93. Match List-I with List-II and select thecorrect answer using the code givenbelow the Lists:List-I List-II(Author) (Work)A. Bankimchandra 1. Shatranj

Ke KhilariB. Dinabandhu 2. Debi

Mitra ChaudhuraniC. Premchand 3.Nil-Darpan

4. ChandrakantaCode:

A B C(a) 2 4 1(b) 3 4 2(c) 2 3 1(d) 3 1 4

94. Where are Tapovan and VishnugarhHydroelectric Projects located?(a) Madhya Pradesh(b) Uttar Pradesh(c) Uttarakhand(d) Rajasthan

95. How is Sarosh Zaiwalla well-knownas?(a) A leading theatre personality(b) A leading wildlife photographer


188

(c) A leading international legal expert(d) A leading orthopaedic surgeon

96. Bimbavati Devi is a well-known dancerof which type of dance?(a) Manipuri(b) Bharat Natyam(c) Kuchipudi(d) Odissi

97. Which of the statements given aboveis/are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2(d) Neither 1 nor 2

98. Ebraham Alkazi is an eminentpersonality in which one of thefollowing areas?(a) Heart surgery(b) Civil aviation(c) Theatre training(d) Transport engineering

99. Consider the following statements :1. Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer was the

Chief Justice of India.2. Justice V. R. Krishna Iyer is

considered as one of theprogenitors of public interestlitigation (PIL) in the Indian judicialsystem.

Which of the statements given aboveis/are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2

100. Match List-I with List-II and select thecorrect answer using the code givenbelow the Lists:List-I (PersonA. Sabyasachi MukherjeeB. Aniruddha BahalC. Vikram AkulaD. Yusuf HamiedList-II (Area)1. Microfinance loans2. Pharmaceuticals3. Fashion designing4. Investigative journalismCode:

A B C D(a) 1 2 3 4(b) 3 4 1 2(c) 1 4 3 2(d) 3 2 1 4

101. For ‘India, China, the UK and the USA,which one of the following is the

correct sequence of the median age oftheir populations?(a) China < India < UK < USA(b) India < China < USA < UK(c) China < India < USA < UK(d) India < China < UK < USA

102. Which one of the following is thelargest (areawise) Lok Sabhaconstituency?(a) Kangra (b) Ladakh(c) Kachchh (d) Bhilwara

103. Consider the following statements:1. Ajman is one of the seven

Emirates of the UAE.2. Ras al-Khaimah was the last

Sheikhdom to join the UAE.Which of the statements given aboveis / are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither1 nor 2

104. India is a member of which of thefollowing?1. Asian Development Bank2. Asia-Pacific Economic

Cooperation3. Colombo Plan4. Organization for Economic

Cooperation and Development(OECD)

Select the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 4 only(c) 1, 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

105. Which of the following countries shareborders with Moldova?1. Ukraine 2. Romania3. BelarusSelect the correct answer using thecode given below:

Code:(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3

106. Out of all the Biosphere Reserves inIndia, four have been recognized onthe World Network by UNESCO. Whichone of the following is not one of them?(a) Gulf of Mannar(b) Kanchenjunga(c) Nanda Devi(d) Sunderbans

107. What is the purpose of the US SpaceAgency’s Themis Mission, which was


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recently in the news?(a) To study the possibility of lifeon Mars(b) To study the satellites of Saturn(c) To study the colourful display of

high latitude skies(d) To build a space laboratory to

study the stellar explosions108. In which one of the following locations

is the International ThermonuclearExperimental Reactor (ITER) project tobe built?(a) Northern Spain(b) Southern France(c) Eastern Germany(d) Southern Italy

109. Which one of the following is aspacecraft?(a) Apophis (b) Cassini(c) Spitzer (d) TechSar

110. What is the approximate percentage ofpersons above 65 years of age inIndia’s current population?(a) 14-15% (b) 11-12%(c) 8-9% (d) 5-6%

111. In the year 2007, an earthquake led tomassive radioactive water leakage inthe largest nuclear plant in the world.In which country did it occur? .(a) Germany (b) Canada(c) Japan (d) USA

112. Who was the Viceroy of India whenthe Rowlatt Act was passed?(a) Lord Irwin(b) Lord Reading(c) Lord Chelmsford(d) Lord Wavell

113. Cristina Kirchner succeeded herhusband to become President of a SouthAmerican country. Which is thatcountry?(a) Chile (b) Argentina(c) Colombia (d) Venezuela

114. In order of their distances from the Sun,which of the following planets liebetween Mars and Uranus?(a) Earth and Jupiter(b) Jupiter and Saturn(c) Saturn and Earth(d) Saturn and Neptune

115. Which one of the following countrieswon the Euro Football Tournament,2004 held in Portugal?(a) Italy (b) France

(c) Greece (d) Portugal116. Near which one of the following cities

are Palitana Temples located?(a) Bhavnagar (b) Mount Abu(c) Nasik (d) Ujjain

117. Ogaden region has been a source ofconflict between which countries?(a) Morocco and Algeria(b) Nigeria and Cameroon(c) Angola and Zambia(d) Ethiopia and Somalia

118. Kim Dae-jung won the Nobel Prize forPeace. He is from which one of thefollowing countries?(a) Vietnam (b) Cambodia(c) South Korea (d) Japan

119. Who among the following discoveredheavy water?(a) Heinrich Hertz (b) H. C. Urey(c) G. Mendel(d) Joseph Priestley

120. Among the Indian languages, whichone is spoken maximum in the worldafter Hindi?(a) Telugu (b) Tamil(c) Bengali (d) Malayalam

121. Which one of the following is aninsectivorous plant?(a) Passion flower plant(b) Pitcher plant(c) Night queer(d) Flame of the forest

122. For which one of the following snakesis the diet mainly composed of othersnakes?(a) Krait(b) Russell’s viper(c) Rattlesnake(d) King cobra

123. In which one of the following kinds oforganisms is the phenomenon foundwherein the female kills the male aftercopulation?(a) Dragonfly (b) Honeybee(c) Spider (d) Pit viper

124. How many High Courts in India havejurisdiction over more than one State(Union Territories not included)?(a) 2 (b) 3(c) 4 (d) 5

125. Which one amongst the following hasthe largest livestock population in theworld?


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(a) Brazil (b) China(c) India (d) USA

126. Consider the following statements:1. Salt-water crocodile is found in

the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.2. Shrew and tapir are found in the

Western Ghats of the Malabarregion.


127. Consider the following pairs:Tributary Main RiverRiver1. Cham bal Narmada2. Sone Yamuna3. MaIlas BrahmaputraWhich of the pairs given above is / arecorrectly matched?(a) 1, 2 and 3(b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only(d) 3 only

128. Which of the following hills are foundwhere the Eastern Ghats and theWestern Ghats meet?(a) Anaimalai Hills(b) Cardamom Hills(c) Nilgiri Hills(d) Shevoroy Hills

129. Which one of the following is notessentially’ a species of the Himalayanvegetation?(a) Juniper (b) Mahogany(c) Silver fir (d) Spruce

130. What is the number of spokes in theDharmachakra in the National Flag ofIndia?(a) 16 (b) 18(c) 22 (d) 24

131. Consider the following:1. Rice fields2. Coal mining3. Domestic animals4. WetlandsWhich of the above are sources ofmethane, a major greenhouse gas?(a) 1 and 4 only(b) 2 and 3 only(c) 1, 2 and 3 only(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

132. From which one of the following didIndia buy the Barak anti-missile defencesystems?(a) Israel (b) France(c) Russia (d) USA

133. Selene-1, the lunar orbiter missionbelongs to which one of the following?(a) China(b) European Union(c) Japan(d) USA

134. Recently, the manuscripts of which oneof the following have been included inthe UNESCO’s Memory of WorldRegister?(a) Abhidhamma Pitaka(b) Mahabharata(c) Ramayana(d) Rig-Veda

135. Consider the following statements:1. Orange Prize is awarded to a

work of published fiction in Englishby a woman.

2. Pulitzer Prize is awarded by theCommonwealth Foundation to acitizen of any Commonwealthcountry for any literary work inEnglish.


136. In the seriesAABABCABCDABCDE…which letter occupies the 100thposition?(a) H (b) I(c) J (d) K

137. What is the number of terms in the series117, 120, 123, 126, …, 333?(a) 72 (b) 73(c) 76 (d) 79

138. In how many different ways can fourbooks A, B, C and D be arranged oneabove another in a vertical order suchthat the books A and B are never incontinuous position?(a) 9 (b) 12(c) 14 (d) 18

139. Carpenter A can make a chair in 6hours, carpenter Bin 7 hours andcarpenter C in 8 hours. If eachcarpenter works for 8 hours per day,how many chairs will be made in 21days?(a) 61 (b) 67(c) 73 (d) 79

140. A person purchases 100 pens at adiscount of 10%. The net amount ofmoney spent by the person to purchasethe pens is Rs 600. The sellingexpenses incurred by the person are


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15% on the net cost price. What shouldbe the selling price for 100 pens in orderto earn a profit of 25%?(a) Rs 802.50 (b) Rs 811’25(c) Rs 862.50 (d) Rs 875

141. A school teacher has to select themaximum possible number of differentgroups of 3 students out of a total of 6students. In how many groups anyparticular student will be included?(a) 6 (b) 8(c) 10 (d) 12

142. In an examination, 70% of the studentspassed in the Paper I, and 60% of thestudents passed in the Paper II. 15% ofthe students failed in both the paperswhile 270 students passed in both thepapers. What is the total number ofstudents?(a) 600 (b) 580(c) 560 (d) 540

143. What is Bisphenol A (BPA)?(a) A medical test for detectingcancer(b) A test for testing the use of drugs

to improve performance byathletes

(c) A chemical used for thedevelopment of food-packagingmaterials

(d) A special type of alloy steel144. Which of the following pairs about

India’s economic indicator andagricultural production (all in roundedfigures) are correctly matched?1. GDP per capita

(current prices) : Rs. 37,0002. Rice : Rs. 180

million tons3. Wheat : 75 million

tonsSelect the correct answer using thecode given below:Code:(a) 1, 2 and 3 (b) 1 and 2 only(c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1 and 3 only

145. March 1, 2008 was Saturday. Whichday was it on March 1, 2002?(a) Thursday (b) Friday(c) Saturday (d) Sunday

146. In August 2006, the Government of Indianotified the Rural Electrification Policy.This policy aims at provision of accessto all households by which year?(a) 2008 (b) 2009(c) 2010 (d) 2012

147. As per India’s National Population Policy,2000, by which one of the followingyears is it our long-term objective toachieve population stabilization?(a) 2025 (b) 2035(c) 2045 (d) 2055

148. Which one Ministries of the followingUnion is implementing the Mission (asNodal Biodiesel Ministry)?(a) Ministry of Agriculture(b) Ministry of Technology and

Science(c) Ministry of New and Renewable

Energy(d) Ministry of Rural Development

149. Consider the following statements withreference to Indira Gandhi National OldAge Pension Scheme (IGNOAPS) :1. All persons of 60 years or above

belonging to the householdsbelow poverty line in rural areasare eligible.

2. The Central Assistance under thisScheme is at the rate of Rs 300per month per beneficiary. Underthe Scheme, States have beenurged to give matching amounts.

Which of the statements given aboveis / are correct?(a) 1 only (b) 2 only(c) Both 1 and 2 (d)Neither 1 nor 2

150. What is the name of the scheme whichprovides training and skills to womenin traditional and non-traditional trades?(a) Kishori Shakti Yojna(b) Rashtriya Mahila Kosh(c) Swayamsiddha(d) Swawlamban


192

General Studies - 2008 (Mains)Paper-1

Time Allowed : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 300

Instructions

• Each question is printed both in Hindi and in English.• Answers must be written in the medium specified in the Admission Certificate

issued to you, which must be stated clearly on the cover of the answer-bookin the space provided for the purpose. No marks will be given for the answerswritten in a medium other than that specified in the Admission Certificate.

• Candidates should attempt all questions strictly in accordance with theinstructions given under each questions.

• The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of thequestion.

1. Answer any two of the following (in about 150 words each): 15 x 2 =30

a) "The emergence of new social classes in British India was the directconsequence of the establishment of new social economy, newstate system, administrative machinery and Western education."Discuss.

b) "British vision of India had no single coherent set of ideas. On thecontrary, the ideas were shot through with contradictions andinconsistencies." Discuss.

c) "Non-Cooperation Movement gave new direction and energy to theNational Movement." Explain.

2. Write about the following (not exceeding 20 words each): 2 x 15 = 30a) Lakshmi Bai, Rani of Jhansib) Ilbert Billc) Lala Hara Dayald) Vaikam Satyagrahae) Indian States Commissionf) Bodhisattvag) Megasthenesh) Brihadeshwara Temple, Tanjorei) Perini Shivatandavamj) Allasani Peddanak) Golkonda Fortl) Chishti Silsila


193

m) Chouth and Sardeshmukhin) Poona Sarvajanik Sabhao) Rama Sethu

3. Answer any two of the following (in about 150 words each): 15 x 2 = 30a) The winter rains in North India are largely related to Jet Streams and

Western Disturbances. Bring out the relationship.b) Agricultural Productivity in India remains low. Explain the reasons

for this situation.c) Bring out the pros and cons of Special Economic Zones.

4. Write about the following (not exceeding 20 words each): 2 x 5 = 10a) Buckingham Canalb) Terai Regionc) Organic Farmingd) Demographic Dividende) Nor'westers

5. Answer any one of the following (in about 250 words): 30a) What is meant by 'Judicial Activism'? Evaluate its role in the context

of the functioning of Indian polity.b) Discuss the major extra-constitutional factors influencing the federal

polity in India.6. Answer any two of the following (in about 150 words each): 15 x 2 =

30a) Enumerate the Fundamental Duties incorporated in the Constitution

after the 42nd Amendment.b) Examine the demand for greater state autonomy and its impact on

the smooth functioning of Indian polity.c) Discuss the composition and functions of the Union Public Service

Commission.7. Answer the following (in about 20 words each): 2 x 5 = 10

a) What is a Censure Motion?b) Distinguish between the auditing and accounting functions of the

CAG of India.c) Distinguish between a starred question and an unstarred one asked

in the Parliament.d) What is contempt of Parliament?e) What were the two major considerations to have the Governor

appointed and not elected?8. Answer any one of the following (in about 250 words): 30

a) What, in your opinion, are the causes of terrorism? Suggest suitablemeasures to deal with the threat of terrorism in India.

b) Do you think there is a need for a review of the Indian Constitution?


194

Justify your view.9. Answer any two of the following (in about 150 words each): 15 x 2 =

30a) Examine the role of caste in Indian politics.b) Discuss the problems in achieving National Integration in India.c) Examine the impact of Regional Political Parties in Indian politics.

10. Answer any one of the following (in about 250 words): 30a) "Globalization has brought about a distinct class divide in India

instead of ushering in a classless society." Critically examine thisargument.

b) "The conditions of the urban poor are more deplorable than that oftheir rural counterparts." Give your views.

11. Answer any two of the following (in about 150 words each): 15 x 2 = 30a) Examine whether rural women in India have been empowered by

their active participation in Panchayati Raj System.b) "Decline in the sex ratio in India is an alarming sign for India's future

social development." Discuss.c) What should be the role of the media to project 'mass reality' in

place of illusion of reality?12. Write about the following (not exceeding 20 words each): 2 x 5 = 10

a) MTP Actb) Supreme Court on Raggingc) New Seven Wonders of the Worldd) M. M. Punchi Commissione) Lakshmi Mittal

General Studies - 2008 (Mains)Paper-2

1. Write notes on any two of the following (answer to each question should bein about 150 words): 2 x 30 = 60

a) India and the New World Orderb) Indo-Bhutan Relationsc) India and China: Strategy to Boost Ties

2. Write about the following (answer to each question should be in about 20words): 5 x 2 = 10

a) India's Ocean Development Policyb) Major hurdles in Indo-Pak tiesc) India-Nigeria : Abuja Declarationd) India-Bangladesh Border Road cum fencinge) India's L. C. A. (Tejas)

3. Write about the following (answer to each question should be in about 20


195

words): 5 x 2 = 10a) Pravasi Bharatiya Diwasb) Council for Promotionn of Overseas Employmentc) Overseas Citizenship of India Schemed) Indian Diaspora in Singaporee) Indian Diaspora and Bollywood

4. Answer any one of the following (in about 250 words): 30a) Discuss India's stand on agricultural issues in WTO's Ministerial

Conferences since Doha Round.b) Assess the performance of India in attracting Foreign Direct

Investment (FDI).5. Discuss any two of the following topics (answer each question in about 150

words): 2 x 15 = 30a) Assistance to the States for Development of Export Infrastructure

and other Activities (ASIDE).b) Convertibility of Indian Rupee.c) India on Global Competitiveness Index-2007.

6. Write about the following (answer to each question in about 20 words):5 x 2 = 10

a) Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)b) NAMAc) Non-tariff trade barriersd) Current Account Balancee) Free Trade Area

7. Write on any one of the following (answer in about 150 words): 15a) South-South Cooperationb) Universal Declaration of Human Rights

8. Briefly write about the following (answer to each question should be in about20 words): 5 x 2 = 10

a) Look East Policy and North-East Indiab) India at the Beijing Olympicsc) India's role in Afganisthan Todayd) IPCC Report on Global Warminge) Indo-EU Economic Ties

9. Briefly write about the following (answer to each question should be in about20 words): 5 x 2 = 10

a) G. C. C.b) G-77c) ICRCd) MERCOSURe) INTERPOL


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10. Answer any one of the following (in about 250 words): 30a) In what way 'Medical Biotechnology' and 'Bioengineering' are useful

for technological development of India?b) What do you know about Indian National Satellite Systems?

Describe its important features.11. Explain any three of the following (in about 150 words each): 3 x 154

= 45a) Internet Protocol Televisionb) Spintronicsc) Wifid) Components of Robots

12. Write brief notes on all the five (in about 20 words each) below:a) Copyright and Trade markb) TIFACc) Aspartamed) Gene dopinge) Sappan

13. a) The principal exports of India for the financial year 2001-2002 aregiven in the following table:

Sl. No. Category Export (Rs. Crores)1. Agriculture and Allied products 293122. Ores and minerals 47363. Manufactured goods 1611614. Fuels and lubricants 104115. Others 3398

Total 209018Represent the above data by a suitable diagram and comment onthe export performance of the country.

b) Prior to constructing a dam on a river the engineers performed aseries of tests to measure the water flow at the proposed locationof the dam. The results of the testing were used to construct thefollowing frequency distribution.1001 - 1050 71051 - 1100 211101 - 1150 321151 - 1200 491201 - 1250 581251 - 1300 411301 - 1350 271351 - 1400 11Construct an appropriate diagram to estimate what proportion of the


197

flow occurs at leas than 1300 thousands of gallons per minute. Givethe estimate.

14. a) A company files its sales vouchers according to their sales value sothat they fall in four strata. Two hundred vouchers are received on abusiness day. The information is listed in the following table:

Stratum Number of vouchers Mean value (Rs.)About Rs. 1000 50 1800Rs. 800 but under Rs. 1000 60 890Rs. 400 but under Rs. 800 50 560Less than Rs. 400 40 180

Calculate the mean value and the total value of the vouchers receivedby the company on the day in question. Use the histogram toestimate the modal value of the vouchers.6

b) A trip to a destination is made in the following way:900 kms by train at an average speed of 60 kms/hr3000 kms by plane at an average speed of 500 kms/hr400 kms by boat at an average speed of 25 kms/hr15 kms by taxi at an average speed of45 kms/hrWhat is the average speed for the entire journey?

15. a) A hotel owner has nine refreshment stalls located at various pointsin a large compound. He wants to make one of the stalls as asupply place such that amount of travel between the stalls and thesource of supply is minimized. He has to visit all stalls almost equalnumber of times with a view to supplying the refreshment stuffeveryday. The distances of stalls from the first stall are 250, 500,650, 800, 850, 910, 940 and 1000 yards respectively. Which stallshould he choose to use as the supply place? Give reason in favourof your answer. 2

b) In a statistical investigation of 1003 families of a city, it was foundthat 63 families had neither a radio nor a TV, 794 families had aradio and 187 had a TV. How many families of the city selected inthe sample had both? 2

c) The mean monthly income of a person is Rs. 18190/- and his meanmonthly expenditure comes out to be Rs. 17930/-. What is hisaverage monthly saving? 2


198

Essay(Compulsory)(Mains) - 2008

Time Allowed : Three Hours Hours Maximum Marks : 200

INSTRUCTIONS

• The essay must be written in the medium specified in the AdmissionCertificate issued to you. The name of the medium must be stated clearlyon the cover of the answer-book in the space provided for the purpose. Nocredit will be given to the essay written in a medium other than that specifiedin the Admission Certificate.

• (Examiners will pay special attention to the candidate’s grasp of his material,its relevance to the subject chosen, and to his ability to think constructivelyand to present his ideas concisely, logically and effectively.)

Write an essay on any one of the following topics : 201. Role of the Media in good governance2. National identity and patriotism3. Special Economic Zones : Boon or Bane4. Discipline means success, anarchy means ruin5. Urbanisation and its hazards6. Is an egalitarian society possible by educating the massess?


199

English (Compulsory)(Mains) - 2008

Time allowed : Three hours Maximum Marks : 300

INSTRUCTIONSCandidates should attempt ALL questions.The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of thequestion.Answers must be written in ENGLISH.

1. Write an essay in about 300 words on any one of the following:100a) The impact of liberal economy on Indian industryb) Terrorist attacks on civilian populationc) Uses of mobile phonesd) Is dual citizenship good for an individual?e) Global warming and the future of mankind

2. Read the passage carefully and write your answers to the questions that fol-low, in clear, correct and concise language: 75Winning the war against France had been a Herculean effort. The conventionalwisdom, then and later, attributed final victory to sea-power becuse, above all,it ensured that Britain stayed in the ring. The ships of the Royal Navy hadprevented invasion; they had confined French power to Europe and allowedBritain to occupy nearly all the overseas possessions of her adversaries; theyhad guarded the convoys which sustained Wellington's army in the peninsula;and they had guaranteed the survival of Britain's global commerce, which gen-erated the wealth needed to pay for her war effort, and underwrite those of thethree big European powers with armies large enough to engage Napoleon onequal terms.There were many reasons for the navy's success. The determination, self-confidence and professionalism of its officers and crews owed much to tradi-tions established in the previous hundred years. Nelson was outstanding as aleader and tactician, but Duncan, Jervis and Collingwood also deserve highpraise. All understood their country's predicament and how much dependedon them, which was why, whenever the chance came for battle, they grabbedat it, regardless of the odds. In the decisive battles of Cape St. Vincent,Camperdown, Abukir Bay and Trafalgar the British fleets were outnumberedbut, trusting to superior seamanship and gunnery, their admirals took the of-fensive. An aggressive, gambling spirit paid off. As Nelson famously observed,an officer who laid his ship alongside the enemy could never be in the wrong.Much depended on the individual naval officer's instinctively correct responseto an emergency, something which Nelson cultivated among his subordinatesto the point where they knew without being told what he expected of them.


200

This quality filtered downwards. During an engagement with the French frigateTopaze off Guadeloupe in January, 1809, Captain William Maude of the Jasonsaw no need to inform the commander of his consort, the Cleopatra, of hisintentions. "I considered it unnecessary to make any signals to him, and hemost fully anticipated my wishes by bringing his ship to anchor on the frigate'sstarboard bow and opening a heavy fire. Maude wrote afterwards. The actionlasted forty minutes and was decided by superior broadsides aimed againstthe French ship's hull.a) How did the British navy defeat the French navy?b) What were the reasons for the British navy's success?c) How did the British navy win the battles of Cape St. Vincent, Camperdown,

etc.?d) What did Nelson cultivate among his subordinates?e) What was the reason for Captain William Maude's victory in January, 1809?

3. Make a precis out of the following passage in about one third of its originallength. It is not necessary to suggest a title. Failure to write within the wordlimit may result in deduction of marks. The precis must be written on theseparate precis sheets provided for the purpose; they must then be securelyfastened inside the answer book: 75Love of play is the most obvious distinguishing mark of young animals, whetherhuman or otherwise. In human children, this is accompanied by an inexhaust-ible pleasure in pretence. Play and pretence are a vital need of childhood, forwhich opportunity must be provided if the child is to be happy and healthy,quite independently of any further utility in these activities. There are two ques-tions which concern education in this connection: first, what should parentsand schools do in the way of providing opportunity? and secondly, should theydo anything more, with a view to increasing the educational usefulness ofgames?Let us begin with a few words about the psychology of games. This has beenexhaustively treated by Groos. There are two separate questions in this mat-ter: the first is as tothe impulses which produce play, the second is as to itsbiological utility. The second isthe easier question. There seems no reason todoubt the most widely accepted theory, that in play the young of any speciesrehearse and practice the activities which they will perform in earnest later on.The play of pupples is exactly like a dog fight, except that they do not actuallybite each other. The play of kittens resembles the behaviour ofcats with mice.Children love to imitate any work they have been watching, such as building ordigging; the more important the work seems to them, the more they like toplay at it. And they enjoy anything that gives them new muscular facilities,such as jumping, climbing, or walking up a narrow plank provided the task isnot too difficult. But although this accounts, in a general way, for the useful-ness of the play impulse, it does not by any means cover all its manifesta-tions, and must not for a moment be regard as giving a psychological analysis.


201

Some psycho-analysts have tried to see a sexual symbolism in children'splay. This, I am convinced, is utter moonshine. The main instinctive urge ofchildhood is not sex, but the desire to become adult, or, perhaps more cor-rectly the will to power. The child is impressed by his own, weakness in com-parison with older people, and he wishes to become their equal. I remembermy boy's profound delight when he realised that he would one day be a manand that I had once been a child; one could see effort being stimulated by therealisation that success was possible. From a very early age, the child wishesto do what older people do, as is shown by the practice of imitation. Olderbrothers and sisters are useful, because their purposes can be understoodand their capacities are not so far out of reach as those of grown-up people.The feeling of inferiority is very strong in children; when they are normal andrightly educated, it is a stimulus to effort, but if they are repressed it maybecome a source of unhappiness.In play, we have two forms of the will to power: the form which consists inlearning to do things, and the form which consists in fantasy. Just as thebalked adult may indulge in day dreams that have a sexual significance, sothe normal child indulges in pretences that have a power significance. He likesto be a giant, or a lion, or a train; in his make believe, he inspires terror. WhenI told my boy the story of Jack and Giant Killer, I tried to make him identifyhimself with Jack, but he firmly chose the giant. When his mother told him thestory of Bluebeard, he insisted on being Bluebeard, and regarded the wife asjustly punished for, insubordination. In his play, there was a sanguinary out-break of cutting off ladies heads. Sadism, Freudians would say; but he en-joyed just as much being a giant who ate little boys, or an engine that couldpull a heavy load Power, not sex, was the common element in these pre-tences. One day,. when we were returning from a walk, I told him as an obvi-ous joke, that perhaps we should find a certain Mr. Tiddliewinks in possessionof our house, and he might refuse to let us in. After that, for a long time, hewould stand on the porch being Mr. Tiddliewinks, and telling me to go to an-other house. Hi delight in this game was unbounded, and obviously the pre-tence of power was what he enjoyed.a) Rewrite each one of the following sentences after making necessary cor-rections:10

1. We reached at home at seven o'clock2. I am knowing him for many years.3. Vishal has watched this movie yesterday.4. Where you have parked the car?5. She will visit Chennai next month, isn't it?6. She knows when will Sushma reach Kolkata.7. Mukta's teaching made his disciple to think again.8. Neither Lakshmi and her father have met the Director.9. I am seeing a man outside the door.


202

10. If I were a Minister, I would have appointed you the Principal of thisschool.b) Rewrite each one of the following sentences inerting suitable articles wher-ever necessary: 5

1. She delivered _____ lecture on Shakespeare on Friday.2. Would you like _____ piece of cake?3. The University has decided to impart _____ free education.4. Farida is ____ most talented girl in our office.5. Onkar was ______ first person to board the plane.

c) Give antonyms of the following adjectives: 51. possible 2. complete3. able 4. regular5. relevant

d) Change each one ofthe following sentences into indirect speech: 51. Amrita said to me, "Why didn't you attend my class?"2. My father said to me, "Wash your clothes."3. Our teacher said, "The earth revolves around the sun."4. Meera said, "The plane has landed."5. Our English teacher said to Mohan, "Open the window."

5. a) Change each one of the following sentences into their corresponding1. Negatives and (2) Wh-questions: 10i) Rakhi has passed the M. A. examinationii) India played twenty matches last year.iii) Her father constructed this building.iv) This car runs on the CNG.v) Kirti studies in this college.

b) Change each one of the following sentences into passive voice: 5i) They will not open the shop on Monday.ii) Mukesh caught the thief at the airport.iii) Someone has stolen my pen.iv) One cannot solve this problem.v) Rajesh has opened the door.

c) Make sentences using the following words as verbs: 5i) rebel ii) exportiii) ring iv) warmv) experiment

d) Use the following phrases/idioms in your own sentences so as to bringout their meaning:

i) to turn up ii) to lose your gripiii) to go to your head iv) to carry outv) to pull one's leg


203

Indian LanguageHindi

(Compulsory)

Time allowed : Three hours Maximum Marks : 300

InstructionsCandidates should attempt ALL questions.The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the end of thequestion.Answers must be written in ENGLISH.

1. Write an essay in about 300 words on any one of the following:100a) The impact of liberal economy on Indian industryb) Terrorist attacks on civilian populationc) Uses of mobile phonesd) Is dual citizenship good for an individual?e) Global warming and the future of mankind

1- fuEufyf[kr fo"k;ksa esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij yxHkx 300 'kCnksa esa fucU/k fyf[k,%

100

1- Hkkjrh; l'kL= lsukvksa esa vf/kdkfj;ksa dh dehA

2- euksjatu ds lk/ku ds :i esa fØdsVA

3- Hkkjr esa dkjksckj&izca/ku laLFkkuksa dh lao`f¼A

4- jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ij vkizoklu dk izHkkoA

5- f'k{kk }kjk efgykvksa dk l'kDrhdj.kA

2- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dks lko/kkuh ls if<+, rFkk x|ka'k ds vUr esa iwNs x, iz'uksa ds

mÙkj nhft,%

60

yksx ftu izdkjksa dh Hkafxekvksa vFkok gko&Hkko dk iz;ksx djrs gSa] mudk lEcU/k

vU; euksoSKkfud dkjdksa ls tksM+k tk ldrk gSA lkekU;r% O;fDrRo dk xgu izHkko

iz;qDr Hkafxekvksa dh la[;k vkSj mudh fdLeksa ij iM+rk gSA lkFk gh] ge bu Hkafxekvksa

dk O;fDr ds O;fDrRo ds izdkj dk vkdyu djus esa Hkh bLrseky djrs gSaA

,d 'kks/kdk;Z ds vuqlkj ,slh vf/kdka'k efgyk,a] tks vius ?kqVuka vkSj ikaoksa dks

tksM+dj viuh Vkaxsa dks vkxs QSykdj cSBrh gSa] mudk O;fDrRo lQkbZ&ilan] dk;Z esa

O;oLFkk&fiz;] ;kstuk,a cukus esa :fp j[kus okyk] cnyko vkSj vfuf'prrk esa v:fp


204

j[kus okyk rFkk vius thou dks dM+h le;&lkj.kh ds vuqlkj O;ofLFkr djus dh

rjthg ls tqM+k gqvk gksrk gSA bl rjg ds ,d vU; 'kks/kdk;Z ls ;g irk pyrk gS

fd lÙkkoknh O;fDr;ksa esa vlÙkkoknh O;fDr;ksa dh rqyuk esa 'kkjhfjd gko&Hkko dk

de bZLrseky djus dh izo`fÙk gksrh gSA fir`&foghu csfV;ka firkvksa okyh csfV;ksa dh

vis{kk vf/kd laosnu'khy eqnzkvksa dk iz;ksx djrh ikbZ xbZ gSaA rykd'kqnk nEifr;ksa

dh csfV;ka 'kjhj dk vkxs dh vksj vis{kkÏr vf/kd >qdko iznf'kZr djrh gSaA os

viuh ckagksa vkSj Vkaxksa dks vis{kkÏr vf/kd [kksy dj j[krh gSa vkSj mu yM+fd;ksa

dh rqyuk esa ftUgksaus vius firkvksa dks ikap o"kZ dh vk;q ls igys gh [kks fn;k gS]

rhu xquk ls Hkh T;knk vaxpkyu ;k gko&Hkko iznf'kZr djrh gSaA

,d 'kks/kdÙkkZ us irk yxk;k gS fd tc O;fDr 'kkjhfjd :i ls viax fdlh oDrk

dks lqu jgs gksrs gSa rks os lkekU;r;k cgqr de gko&Hkko izdV djrs gSaA laHkor% ;g

bl euksHkkouk ds dkj.k gksrk gS fd ,d viax ds izfr O;fDr viuh izfrfØ;k dSls

O;Dr djsA

tgka rd Hkafxekvksa esa L=h&iq:"k vUrjksa dk lEcU/k gS] ;g ik;k x;k gS fd fL=;ksa

ds eqdkcys iq:"k viuh cSBus dh eqnzk vf/kd cnyrs gSaA ;fn nks lk{kkRdkj fy, tk,a

rks nwljs lk{kkRdkj esa iq:"k NksVh eqnzk,a iznf'kZr djrs rFkk vius ikaoksa dks de cnyrs

gSaA fL=;ksa ds ckjs esa ;g ,dne myVk gSA gks ldrk gS fd nwljs lk{kkRdkj esa iq:"k

vf/kd lgt vuqHko djrs gksa tcfd fL=;ka nwljs lk{kkRdkj dks igys lk{kkRdkj ds

eqdkcys esa vf/kd rukoiw.kZ ikrh gSaA

v) Hkafxek,a gekjs O;fDRro ls fdl izdkj ls lEcfU/kr gSa\

vk) ?kqVuksa vkSj ikaoksa dks tksM+dj cSBh fL=;ksa dh Hkafxekvksa ls D;k vFkZ fudkyk tk

ldrk gS\

b) fir`foghu vkSj rykd'kqnk nEifr;ksa dh csfV;ka fdl izdkj dk O;ogkj djrh

gSa\

bZ) 'kkjhfjd :i ls viax oDrk dks lqurs gq, yksxksa ds ckjs esa ys[kd dk D;k dguk

gS\

m) iq:"kksa vkSj fL=;ksa }kjk dh tkus okyh Hkafxekvksa esa D;k&D;k varj gSa\

3- fuEufyf[kr x|ka'k dk la{ksi.k ewy x|ka'k dh 'kCn&la[;k dks ,d&frgkbZ esa izLrqr

djsaA 'kh"kZd lq>kuk vfuok;Z ugha gSa 'kCn&lhek ds vUrxZr la{ksi.k u djus ij vad

dkV fy, tk,axsA la{ksi.k vyx ls fu/kkZfjr dkxtksa ij gh fy[ksa o mUgsa vPNh rjg

ls mÙkj&iqfLrdk ds lkFk cka/k ysa%


205

60

;|fi vk/kqfud 'kS{kf.kd i¼fr mUuloha 'krkCnh ds izFke pj.k esa eq[; :i ls

if'peh lektksa esa igys :ikf;r gqbZ Fkh] rFkkfi mls ,d lexz jk"Vªh;&i¼fr ds :i

esa Lohdkj djus esa crkZfu;k vfuPNqd gh jgkA 1800 n'kd ds e/; rd gkyS.M]

fLoV~tjyS.M vkSj teZu jkT;ksa us izkjfEHkd fo|ky;ksa esa dekscs'k loZO;kih izos'k dk

y{; izkIr dj fy;k Fkk] fdUrq baXyS.M vkSj osYl bl y{; dks ikus esa cgqr ihNs jgsA

gka] LdkVyS.M esa f'k{kk dqN vf/kd fodflr FkhA

1870 (tc crkZfu;ke sa vfuok;Z f'k{kk dks igyh ckj ykxw fd;k x;k) vkSj f}rh;

fo'o ;q¼ ds chp ;FkkØe lHkh ljdkjksa us f'k{kk ij fd, tkus okys [kpZ dks c<+k;kA

Ldwy NksM+us dh mez nl ls pkSng o"kZ rd c<+k nh xbZ vkSj vf/kd ls vf/kd Ldwy

Hkh [kksys x, fdUrq f'k{kk dks jktdh; izJ; dk fo"k; Lohdkj ugha fd;k x;kA

T;knkrj Ldwy futh ;k ppZ ds vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk LFkkuh; ljdkjh eaMyksa dh fuxjkuh

esa pyk;s tkrs jgsA nwljs fo'o ;q¼ us bl izo`fÙk dks cny MkykA l'kL= lsukvksa esa

HkrhZ ds fy, izos'kdksa dh ;ksX;rk vkSj vf/kxe ds ijh{k.k fn, x,A ijh{kk&ifj.kkeksa

us izkf/kdkfj;ksa dks izos'kdksa ds fuEuLrjh; 'kS{kf.kd dkS'kyksa us gSjkuh esa Mky fn;kA

;q¼ksÙkj o"kksZ esa iqu#RFkku ds ckjs esa fpafrr ljdkj us fo|eku 'kS{kf.kd i¼fr ij

iqufoZpkj djuk vkjEHk fd;kA

1944 ls igys vf/kdrj crkZuoha cPps pkSng o"kksZ rd ,d gh fu%'kqYd Ldwy] ftls

izkFkfed Ldwy dgk tkrk Fkk] esa fo|k/;;u djrs FksA izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa ds lkFk&lkFk

ek/;fed fo|ky; Hkh pyrs Fks ijUrq muesa vfHkHkkodksa dks Qhl nsuh iM+rh FkhA bl

i¼fr us Li"Vr;k cPpkas dks nks lkekftd oxksZ esa ckaV fn;k Fkk rFkk xjhc i`"BHkwfe;ksa

ls vkus okys yxHkx lHkh cPps izkFkfed fo|ky;ksa rd gh lhfer jg tkrs FksA

tula[;k dk nks izfr'kr ls Hkh de fo'ofo|ky; esa izos'k djrk FkkA 1944 ds f'k{kk

vf/kfu;e us vusd u, ifjorZuksa dh igy dh% lc ds fy, fu%'kqYd ek/;fed f'k{kk]

Ldwy NksM+us dh mez dk ianzg o"kZ rd c<+kuk rFkk f'k{kk esa leku voljksa dh

izfrc¼rkA f'k{kk pquh xbZ LFkkuh; ljdkjksa ds fy, ,d eq[; ftEesnkjh cu xbZA

1944 ds f'k{kk vf/kfu;e ds QyLo:i vf/kdka'k LFkkuh; f'k{kk vf/kdkfj;ksa us cPpksa

ds 'kSf{kd p;u dks mudh ek/;fed f'k{kk dh vko';drkvksa dks iwjk djus dk vk/

kkj viuk;kA X;kjg o"kZ dh vk;q esa p;u dh ;g izfØ;k] tc cPpk izkFkfed Ldwy

ls ek/;fed Ldwy dh vksj tkus ds fy, mUeq[k gksrk gS] ,d rjg ls ;ksX; cPpksa dks

mudh lkekftd i`"BHkwfe ij /;ku fn, fcuk] pquus dh izfØ;k FkhA vf/kdka'k


206

f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ^X;kjg&tek* ijh{kk&iz.kkyh ;g fu/kkZfjr djus esa l{ke Fkh fd

D;k os xzkej Ldwy (tks mPp Lrjh; ikB~;Øe ij vk/kkfjr FksA) igqapsaxs ;k fd ek/

;fed vk/kqfud Ldwyksa esa (ftuesa lkekU; vkSj jkstkxkjksUeq[k f'k{kk dk feJ.k miyC/

k Fkk) igqapsaxsA FkksM+h la[;k esa dqN fo|kFkhZ rduhdh Ldwyksa ;k fo'ks"k Ldwyksa dh vksj

Hkh mUeq[k gq,A tks ;ksX; Fks ;k tks viuh f'k{kk vkxs tkjh j[kuk pkgrs Fks] ,sls cPpksa

ds ikl vius Ldwyksa esa l=g o"kZ dh vk;q rd Bgjus dk fodYi Hkh fn;k x;kA

1960 rd vkaf'kd :i ls lekt'kkL=h; vuqla/kkuksa ls ;g Li"V gks x;k Fkk fd

X;kjg&tek dh f'k{k.k i¼fr ds ifj.kke vk'kkuq:i fl¼ gq, gSaA 1959 dh ØkmFkj

fjiksVZ esa ;g n'kkZ;kx;k Fkk fd dsoy 12 izfr'kr f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa us l=g o"kZ rd f'k{kk

tkjh j[kh vkSj tYnh Ldwy NksM+us dk dkj.k vdknfed fu"iknu ds ctk; eq[;r;k

oxZ i`"BHkwfe ls tqM+k gqvk FkkA yscj ikVhZ dh ljdkj] tks 1964 esa lRrk esa iqu% vkbZ]

loZlekos'kh Ldwyksa dh LFkkiuk vkSj xzkej rFkk ek/;fed Ldwyksa ls mitus okys Hksnksa

ds mUewyu rFkk X;kjg&tek ijh{kkvksa ds [kkRes ds fy, izfrc¼ jgh] rkfd ,sls

fo|ky; vusd oxksZ dh i`"BHkwfe;ksa okys f'k{kkfFkZ;ksa dks ,d&lkFk f'k{kk ns ldaA ;|fi

;g Hkze cjkcj cuk jgk fd bu u, loZlekos'kh Ldwyksa dks fdl rjg dh f'k{kk nsuh

pkfg,\ lHkh ds fy, xzkej Ldwyksa tSlh f'k{kk ;k iw.kZ:i ls u, <ax dh f'k{kk\ bl

leL;k dk dksbZ funku ugha <wa<k tk ldk vkSj fHkUu&fHkUu Ldwyksa vkSj {ks=ksa us

vius&vius <x dh f'k{k.k i¼fr;ksa dk fodkl fd;kA dqN LFkkuh; fudk;ksa us bl

ifjorZu dk izfrjks/k Hkh fd;k vkSj dqN {ks=ksa esa vHkh Hkh xzkej Ldwy vfLrRo esa gSA

4- fuEufyf[kr vaxzsth x|ka'k dk fgUnh esa vuqokn dhft,% 20

Last January, I as fortunate enough to go to Brazil on a fishing trip. Aswe were boarding the vessel that would be our home for the next sixnights, I looked up and saw a huge bunch of ripe bananas hangingfrom a hook.I was horrified. For more than 20 years, I have been told again andagain that bananas and boats just dont's mix. I started talking about itwith my fishing companions. Not one had ever heard of such a super-stition.Yet just a few months earlier, I had read a paper about the bananasuperstition. The author was unable to find its origin. One bit of specu-lation is that dangerous critters lurked inside the banana bunches. Butthere's no doubt that anglers throughout the world believe that bananasdon't mix with fishing boats.


207

The bananas certainly didn't affect the fishing in Brazil. They were down-right tasty and the fishing was outstanding. But it got me thinking aboutother superstitions regarding fishing.For example, lucky hats. I had a lucky hat for a long time, a bright redcap that I was convinced was lucky. I caught a lot of fish and a lot of bigfish wearing that hat. Then one day while angry, I threw it overboard.I'm convinced I haven't caught as many fish since.

5- fuEufyf[kr fgUnh x|ka'k dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn dhft,%

20

cgqr cjl igys nf{k.kh baXyS.M esa oslSDl esa ,d yM+dk jgrk Fkk ftldk uke ãqcVZ

FkkA og ,d cgknqj vkSj [kq'k&fetkt yM+dk Fkk vkSj og yxHkx pkSng cjl dk FkkA

,d fnu mlds firk us mls /ku mxkgh ds fy, ?kj ls dbZ ehy nwj ,d dLcs esa HkstkA

mlus ?kksM+s ij ;k=k dh vkSj nsj lka> rd viuk dke iwjk djus ds ckn lqulku vkSj

?kus taxy dh CySdeksj ?kkVh ds chp ls ?kj ykSVus yxkA

ukS cts gksaxs tc vius flj ds Ùij yVdrs isM+ksa ds chp vius etcwr Vkaxksa okys ?kksM+s

tSjh ij cSBs ãwcVZdks yxk fd mlus /kuh 'kk[kksa ds chp dqN vkoktsa lquh gSaA mls ;kn

vk;k fd ;g txg Mkdqvksa vkSj yqVsjksa ds dkj.k dq[;kr gSA ̂ ^eq>s D;k ijokg\** og

[kqn dks lkaRouk nsrs gq, tksj ls cksyk] ̂ ^tSjh dh Vkaxsa bruh pqLr gSa fd eq>s dksbZ Hkh

idM+ ugha ldrkA**

^^g&g&g! t:j!!** ,d tksj dh vkokt gqbZ vkSj vxys gh iy ,d vkneh mldh nk;ha

vksj ls l?ku taxy ls vk yidkA nwljk vkneh ck;ha rjQ ls vkSj rhljk ihNs ,d

isM+ ds ihNs lsA âwcVZ dks mlds ?kksM+s ls [khapk x;k] mldk :i;ksa&Hkjk FkSyk Nhu fy;k

x;kA gkykafd mlus viuh Hkjiwj rkdr yxkbZ ij mls dkcw dj gh fy;k x;kA

jfLl;ksa ls mlds gkFk&ikao dldj cka/ks x, vkSj mls ,d [kkbZ esa Qsad fn;k x;kA fQj

os yksx cspkjs tSjh ij lokj gq, vkSj fudy HkkxsA

6- (d) fuEufyf[kr eqgkojksa vkSj yksdksfDr;ksa esa ls dsoy ikap dk vFkZ Li"V djrs gq,

mudk okD;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft,%

20

1- fny cSB tkuk

2- ckrsa cukuk

3- pdek nsuk

4- /kwy esa feyuk


208

5- NksVs eqag cM+h ckr

6- eqag eksM+uk

7- ikj u ikuk

8- vka[k QM+duk

9- ncs iSj

[k) fuEufyf[kr okD;ksa esa ls fdUgha ikap okD;ksa ds 'kq¼ :i fyf[k%

10

1- pyrk xkM+h ds vkxs tkuk Bhd ughaA

2- eSa pkoy&nky [kk dj ewVk gks x;kA

3- eka us vk'khZokn fn;kA

4- esjs cM+s cgu us jk[kh HksthA

5- gy pykrs le; cSy dh gM~Mh VwVk

6- lekt O;fDr;ksa ls curh gSA

7- og v/khd iSls ekaxrk gSA

8- Hkkjr ,d lora= jk"Vª gSA

9- cPpksa dks uSrhd f'k{kk nh tk;A

10- fo'o&o;kikj esa gesa vkxs vkuk gSA

x) fuEufyf[kr ;qXeksa esa ls fdUgha ikap okD;ksa esa bl rjg iz;qDr dhft, fd mudk vFkZ

Li"V gks tk, vkSj muds chp dk vUrj Hkh le> esa vk tk,%

10

1- vLer & vfLerk

2- fpj & phj

3- cgkj & ckgj

4- fn;k & nh;k

5- lM+d & ljd

6- mRikr & mRik|

7- vuqHkwfr & vuqefr

8- foyx & fody

9- izek.k & ifj.kke

10- vad & vax

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