RBS43_vanVoorst_Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary

BUILDING YOUR NEW TESTAMENT GREEK

VOCABULARY

SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL LITERATUREResources for Biblical Study

Edited byBeverly R. Gaventa

Number 43BUILDING YOUR

NEW TESTAMENT GREEK VOCABULARY

Third Edition

byRobert E. Van Voorst

BUILDING YOURNEW TESTAMENT GREEK

VOCABULARYThird Edition

Robert E. Van Voorst

Society of Biblical LiteratureAtlanta

BUILDING YOUR NEW TESTAMENT GREEK

VOCABULARYThird Edition

byRobert E. Van Voorst

Copyright © 1990 by Robert E. Van VoorstRevisions to second edition copyright © 1999 by the Society of Biblical

Literature; Revisions to the third edition copyright © 2001 by the Society of Biblical Literature.

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Offi ce, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication DataVan Voorst, Robert E.

Building your New Testament Greek vocabulary / by Robert E. Van Voorst.--3rd ed.

pp. cm. -- (Resources for biblical study). Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88414-042-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Greek language, Biblical--Vocabulary. 2. Bible. N.T.--Language,

style. I. Title. II. Series.

PA863 .V36 2001487'.4--dc21

00-054920

Printed in the United States of Americaon acid-free paper.

08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 5 4 3 2 1

To My FatherRobert Van Voorst

To the Memory of My MotherDonna Van Voorst

ÉEn ˜l˙ kard¤& dÒjason tÚn pat°ra sou ka‹ mht°ra:t‹ éntapod≈seiw aÈto›w kay∆w aÈto‹ so¤;

Contents

Preface ..........................................................................................................ix

I. Guide to Using This Book .................................................................1

II. Basic Principles of Greek Word Building .......................................4

Word Building by Derivation ...............................................................4

Word Building by Composition ...........................................................7

Conclusion ..........................................................................................10

III. New Testament Greek Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate .....................................................................................12

A. Families with one or more words occurring 400 or more times..........................................................................12

B. Families with one or more words occurring 155–399 times ...............................................................................19

C. Families with one or more words occurring 100–154 times ...............................................................................25

D. Families with one or more words occurring 50–99 times ...................................................................................32

E. Families with one or more words occurring 26–49 times ...................................................................................41

F. Families with one or more words occurring 10–25 times ...................................................................................51

G. Families with one or more words occurring 5–9 times .......................................................................................63

IV. New Testament Greek Vocabulary without Cognate, Listed by Frequency ........................................................................68

A. Words occurring 400 or more times..............................................68

B. Words occurring 155–399 times ...................................................68

C. Words occurring 100–154 times ...................................................69

D. Words occurring 50–99 times .......................................................69

vii

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary

E. Words occurring 26–49 times .......................................................70

F. Words occurring 10–25 times .......................................................71

G. Words occurring 5–9 times ...........................................................75

V. Proper Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs..........................................81

VI. Helps for Verb Analysis ..................................................................86

A. Principal Parts, Tense Systems and Aspects of the Regular Verb .................................................................................86

B. Elements of Verb Structure for Parsing.........................................88

C. Principal Parts of Common Verbs, Arranged by Type..................89

VII. Helps for Translating aujtov~ and Similar Words.........................94

VIII. Prepositions ......................................................................................96

IX. Conjunctions, Negatives and Adverbs ...........................................98

X. Numbers .........................................................................................100

Index to Parts Two and Three ................................................................103

viii

Preface

Learning a Greek vocabulary large enough for rapid reading of the New Testament is a daunting task. While a good knowledge of Greek grammar can be gained in a year of study, New Testament vocabulary typically demands much longer attention. This book seeks to aid in this task by enabling the student to build a vocabulary of New Testament Greek by using the principles of word formation and by drawing on the cognate relationships of most New Testament Greek words.

For more than two generations the best tool for learning the Greek vocabulary of the New Testament has been Bruce M. Metzger’s Lexical Aids for Students of New Testament Greek.1 This helpful book has been the standard in its fi eld, and rightly so. Still, Lexical Aids has shortcomings. Using its lists of 1067 words organized by frequency in the New Testament, the student sees no cognate relationships between words; most memorization is rote.2 Metzger does also list 690 words, many in addition to those in the frequency lists, by cognate. But because this cognate list does not include even half the words that are in the frequency list, it is unsuitable for comprehensive vocabulary learning. Moreover, my practice and that of other teachers using Lexical Aids has been to assign the frequency lists with some thoroughness, but the cognate list only occasionally. Hence the need for one format combining frequency and cognate, a format that can enable the student to memorize Greek vocabulary as easily as possible and in a pedagogically sound manner.

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary is organized as follows: Part One is a guide to using this book and is directed especially to the student. Part Two is an outline of the basic principles of word building. It should be studied with some care before the student proceeds to the cognate lists in Part Three, as a knowledge of the rudiments of word building will make memorizing vocabulary easier and more effective.

ix

1 1st ed., 1946; 3d ed., Grand Rapids: Baker, 1998. 2 Computer software programs for learning biblical Greek vocabulary are also based on frequency.


Each word that appears fi ve or more times in the New Testament appears once in Part Three or Part Four, in Part Three if it has any cognate(s) that also appear fi ve or more times in the New Testament, in Part Four if it does not. The words in Part Three are arranged by cognate families in six sections according to the frequency of the most recurrent word in each family. Each word is given a basic English defi nition based on New Testament usage, and its frequency in the New Testament is listed. Occasionally a well-known English derivative is given to aid in memorization.3 The lists in Part Four of those Greek words appearing fi ve or more times in the New Testament without common cognates are also divided into six frequency groups. As in Part Three, basic English defi nitions and occasional English derivatives are given, and the frequency of each word is listed.

The two sections listing words occurring fi ve to nine times (III.G. and IV.G.) can be left aside by those who want to omit learning words of such low frequency that do not have more common cognates. Also, the frequency of each word in the cognate lists (Part Three) is noted, so that the teacher can assign for study any given frequency of Greek words.

The student should alternate between the corresponding sections of Parts Three and Four until both parts have been completed. As an aid to learning, each frequency section is divided into groups of about 20 to 30 words, which seems to be a good number to learn at one sitting.

Part Five gives helps for verb analysis, including lists of the principal parts of the different types of verb. Part Six lists prepositions, both proper and improper. Part Seven lists conjunc tions and adverbs, and Part Eight lists number-words. All of these words appear in Parts Three and Four, but they are presented together again for the benefi t of the student.

I have drawn the defi nitions in Parts Three and Four from the third edition of A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (hereafter BDAG), using the succinct (not the expanded) defi nitions and keeping closely to the New Testament usage.4 For counting frequency

x

3 Metzger also includes a good number of English derivatives in his lists. However, many of these words are unfamiliar to most students, even though they are words that students of Bible and theology should learn (e.g., “hamartiology,” “macarism,” “thaumaturge”). This use of unfamiliar words violates the pedagogical principle that the unfamiliar (here Greek words) should be learned via the familiar (their English derivatives). I have endeavored to restrict the derivatives to more familiar words. 4 By W. Bauer; revised and edited by F. W. Danker. Chicago and London: University

Preface

I have used the Concordance to the Novum Testamentum Graece.5 This concordance is based on the twenty-sixth edition of the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece,6 the text (but not the textual apparatus) of which is identical to that of the third edition of the United Bible Societies’ Greek New Testament.7 In determining cognate relationships, I have used as fi nal authorities E. Boisacq’s Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque8 and H. Frisk’s Griechi sches etymologisches Wörterbuch.9

I should like to thank here those who helped this project along in various ways. Professor George Landes of Union Theological Seminary (New York) encouraged and advised me as I began this book; it is patterned somewhat upon his Student’s Vocabulary of Biblical Hebrew Listed according to Frequency and Cognate.10 My secretary at Lycoming College, Sheran Swank, did a most skillful job of putting the challenging manuscript of the fi rst edition on disk. My student assistant, Jeremy Owens, compiled the original index and read the proofs.

Several people wrote me to offer suggestions for improvement, many of which were incorporated in the second edition. I extend my appreciation to Eugene Boring of Texas Christian University, Francis Gignac of the Catholic University of America, and Richard Carlson of Lutheran Theological Seminary, Gettysburg, for their particularly extensive, careful comments. My thanks also are extended to Professor Beverly Gaventa of Princeton Theological Seminary, editor of the SBL’s Resources for Biblical Studies series, for accepting this book for Scholars Press publication. Her peer-review committee made several helpful suggestions for the second edition. My student assistant, Daven Oskvig, helped to compile the new material in the second edition. For the third edition, Bill Pinches, a doctoral candidate in New Testament at Princeton Theological Seminary, made many corrections and additions to the word lists in Parts Three and Four, and also contributed

xi

of Chicago Press, 2000. Copyright © 1957, 1979, 2000 by the University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Used by permission. 5 Third edition. Berlin: DeGruyter, 1987. 6 Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelstiftung, 1979. 7 Stuttgart: United Bible Societies, 1983. 8 Heidelberg: Winter; Paris: Klincksieck, 1938. 9 Heidelberg: Winter, 1960. 10 New York: Scribners, 1961; now published by the Society of Biblical Literature under the title Building Your Biblical Hebrew Vocabulary.


the list in Part Five. I owe him a special expression of gratitude for his kind, careful work. I also thank Rachel Brownson for reading the proofs of the third edition, and Western Theological Seminary for providing the funds for proofreading. While all these have made this a better book, I alone am responsible for its errors. I would be grateful if those who use this book would continue to be so kind as to share their suggestions for improvement with me.

This edition features, in addition to the correction of miscellane ous mistakes, the following main additions:

• A new section listing proper nouns, adjectives and adverbs that occur fi ve or more times;

• A new section, “Helps for Translating aÈtÒw and Similar Words”;• All defi nitions have been compared to the new edition of the Greek-

English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, and revised where necessary.

My special thanks go, as always, to my wife, Mary, and our sons, Richard and Nicholas, for their constant love and encouragement that make scholarship a happier task.

The quotation in the dedication is excerpted from Sirach 7:27-28: “With all your heart honor your father and mother; what can you give back to them that equals what they have given to you?”

Robert E. Van Voorst

xii

1

Part One

Guide to Using This BookIn a year’s course of studying Greek grammar, students learn at most

several hundred Greek words, usually as a part of each lesson in their textbook. But when they come to read the New Testament they fi nd that this vocabulary is woefully inadequate for reading it with any speed or confi dence. Often they spend more time looking up unknown words in the lexicon than directly reading the text itself, and they soon get discouraged. At this point in studying Greek, several hundred other words should be learned, and the more the better.

Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary is designed to help the student of New Testament Greek cross that gap by learning all the words that occur fi ve or more times in the New Testament. Such a vocabulary of New Testament Greek is suffi cient for rapid, confi dent reading of the text. Part One is directed especially to the student as a brief guide to using this book to the fullest advantage in building a large vocabulary of Greek.

This book combines the frequency method of listing vocabulary (based on the number of times a word occurs in the New Testament) with the cognate method (based on word families). Cognates are understood here to be words that are related to each other by their possession of a common element, usually called a stem or root, and that are therefore related in meaning as well. Words that are cognate make up a word family. To take an example from English, the words “believe,” “belief,” “unbelief,” “believable,” “believer,” etc., are all obviously cognates. They share the root “believ-,” and make up a family of words. Words in any language do not grow willy-nilly; they are formed in certain regular patterns, and to know the patterns employed in Greek word building is greatly to simplify the tedious process of memorizing New Testament vocabulary. Therefore, the student should carefully study Part Two, “Basic Principles of Greek Word Building,” before proceeding to the word lists.

Each cognate group is organized as follows: Each entry in the group has a Greek word, its English defi nition, an English derivative where helpful,

2


and a frequency number. The English defi nition is very basic, and is not at all intended to be comprehensive; for full defi nitions and nuance, a lexicon should be consulted. Where an English derivative is given, it can be used as an aid to memorizing the particular Greek word from which it comes, but can also sometimes be used to remember other words in the cognate group as well. Finally, the frequency number can be noted but need not be remembered. Each cognate group begins with the most frequent word, which is in bold type. The group generally proceeds from there in alphabetical order, but not in a strictly uniform way, because very similar words are kept together for ease in memorization regardless of their alphabetical order.

The frequency lists in Part Four have the same basic entries as the frequency and cognate lists in Part Three: the Greek word, its defi nition, a derivative where helpful, and the frequency number. The Greek words in this part are not necessarily without any cognates in the New Testament, but those cognates that occur do so less than fi ve times. The frequency lists in Part Four are organized according to the same rates of frequency as the lists in Part Three, and the student should alternate between the corresponding sections of Parts Three and Four.

The New Testament contains 1738 words that occur fi ve or more times, all of which are listed here. (This does not include nouns that are always proper.) Of these 1738 words, about 78% can be placed with cognates also occurring fi ve or more times. If the student omits parts III.G. and IV.G., which list most of the words occurring 5–9 times (those that have not been grouped with more frequent cognates), the percentage of words remaining listed with cognates rises to 87%. That the great majority of New Testament Greek vocabulary can thus be listed and learned together with cognates more than compensates for the disadvantage of having to consult two sets of lists.

Although each student must fi nd a system for learning vocabulary that works well for her or him, these suggestions may be helpful:

(1) Begin by studying the words in this book as they are listed in their word families. Note their relationships to each other as far as these are evident. Take care to distinguish very similar words, which you will see in the cognate lists. Use the margins of the pages to make notes about the words studied.

(2) When learning Greek words, repeat the word aloud several times. Pronouncing and hearing the words will help in memorizing them. Take care

3

Guide to Using This Book

to accent the right syllable, and when repeating words keep the accent on this syllable. Not doing so complicates the task.

(3) In addition to saying the words aloud, write them out several times. Write and pronounce them together. The more ways that words are im pressed on the memory, the more complete memorization will be.

(4) Note the English derivatives when they are given. The meaning of the English word will be suggestive of the meaning of the Greek word. Learn the Greek word by way of the actual English derivative before resorting to other, nonsensical associations with English words.

(5) Some students fi nd fl ash cards helpful. While commercially printed cards are available, it is best to write out one’s own. Keep them in cognate groups, especially at fi rst. Then they can be rearranged as one goes along so that more attention is devoted to new and diffi cult words.

(6) Words that stubbornly resist memorization—which happens to almost every student, and for no easily discernible reason—can often be learned by memorizing a short, familiar phrase from the Greek New Testament in which these words occur.

(7) Using one’s actual knowledge of Greek words and the principles of word formation, the student can often make an intelligent preliminary guess about the meaning of unfamiliar words, especially the words of very low frequency not presented in this book. Such guesses should, of course, be soon checked against the lexicon.

(8) Constant review is essential to work Greek vocabulary from short-term memory into long-term memory.

4

Part Two

Basic Principles of Greek Word BuildingThe Greek language builds words in rather regular patterns. To know these

patterns is to lighten greatly the chore of memorizing vocabulary, especially when memorizing cognate words. We will consider here only the most basic principles of word formation necessary for learning vocabulary. Those who desire more detail should consult a standard Greek grammar.1 The two most frequent methods of building words are derivation and compo sition.

Word Building by Derivation

In derivation suffi xes are added to a word stem to form different cognate words. For example, to the stem basil-, which carries the notion of “rule, kingship,” is added the nominal suffi x -euw to make basileÊw, “king”; the verbal suffi x -euv to make basileÊv, “I rule, am king”; and the adjectival suffi x -ikow to make basilikÒw, “royal.” In the course of this adding of suffi xes the fi nal part of the stem often undergoes various changes. The rules that govern these changes will not be discussed here, because students who have had some Greek grammar are already familiar with many of these changes as they appear in other contexts, and at any rate the stem is almost always recognizable.

The charts that follow give the typical signifi cance of the most important suffi xes used in building the vocabulary of the Greek New Testament. Some uses of suffi xes will vary from this typical signifi cance, but most adhere to it. The left-hand column lists the suffi xes; suffi xes for adjectives are in the

1 For example, H. W. Smyth, Greek Grammar (revised edition; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1956) 225–54; or F. Blass and A. Debrunner, A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, ed. R. W. Funk (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961) 58–68. It is interesting to note that Blass-Debrunner-Funk’s Greek Grammar can give a full discussion of word formation without any discussion of roots. The best treatment, and the one relied on here, is by J. H. Moulton and W. F. Howard, A Grammar of New Testament Greek, vol. 2, Accidence and Word Formation (Edinburgh: Clark, 1928) 267–410.

5

Basic Principles of Greek Word Building

nominative case and the masculine gender only, for reasons of space. The middle column gives the typical signifi cance of each suffi x. The right-hand column gives well-known words from the New Testament as examples of how particular suffi xes join stems to build cognate words.2

A. Nominal Suffi xesSuffi x Typical Signifi cance Example from the New Testament

-ow person, thing yeÒw god, God

-thw person, agent kritÆw judge (cf. kr¤nv, I judge)

-thr svtÆr savior (cf. s–zv, I save)

-euw basileÊw king (cf. basileÊv, I am king)

-tiw activity p¤stiw faith (cf. pisteÊv, I believe)

-siw kr¤siw judging (cf. kr¤nv)

-ia ofikonom¤a management, task (cf. ofikonom°v, I manage)

-ma result of an activity grãmma letter (cf. grãfv, I write)

-ia abstraction, quality svthr¤a salvation (cf. s–zv)

-sia §kklhs¤a church (cf. §kkal°v, I call out)

-sunh dikaiosÊnh righteousness (cf. dikaiÒv, I justify)

-eia basile¤a kingdom, rule (cf. basileÊv)

2 Although we speak of “building” words from the “stem,” note that these stems (which some grammarians call “roots”) probably never had any existence apart from the words in their families. Stems or roots are abstractions from existing words, made for linguistic purposes. What T. O. Lambdin says about Hebrew roots is applicable to the Greek language: “The root is a grammatical abstraction from [cognate] words and not vice-versa; that is, because a root has no existence apart from its incorporation into words, it leads to a misunderstanding of the nature of language to say that words are derived from the root” (Introduction to Biblical Hebrew [New York: Scribners, 1971] 18). If this is recognized, the notion of stems/roots can be used as a valid grammatical construct in studying word formation and learning the vocabulary of the Greek New Testament.

6


Suffi x Typical Signifi cance Example from the New Testament

-othw neÒthw youth, young age (cf. nean¤aw, young man)

-ion diminution paid¤on infant (cf. pa›w, child)

-idion biblar¤dion little book (cf. b¤blow, book)

-iskow nean¤skow young man, boy (cf. nean¤aw)

B. Adjectival Suffi xesSuffi x Typical Signifi cance Example from the New Testament

-iow possession t¤miow honorable (cf. timÆ, honor)

-ikow belonging to pneumatikÒw spiritual (cf. pneËma, spirit)

-inow material, type sãrkinow made of fl esh, fl eshly (cf. sãrj, fl esh)

-eow xrÊseow golden (cf. xrus¤on, gold)

-ow no defi nite meaning kalÒw good, beautiful

-low beyond a general tuflÒw blind

-(a)now quality or attribute gumnÒw naked

-row nekrÒw dead

-hw, -ew plÆrhw full

C. Adverbial Suffi xesSuffi x Typical Signifi cance Example from the New Testament

-vw (by far manner dika¤vw justly, righteously (cf. the most d¤kaiow, just) common)

-yen from where §ke›yen from there (cf. §ke›, there)

-ist¤ in what language ÑEllhnist¤ in Greek

7


D. Verbal Suffi xesSuffi x Typical Signifi cance Example from the New Testament

-v state or action êgv I lead

-°v poi°v I make, do

-ãv timãv I honor

-mi par¤sthmi I am present

-ãzv action xrãzv I cry out

-¤zv bapt¤zv I baptize

-eÊv douleÊv I serve (as a slave)

-Òv causation doulÒv I enslave

-Ênv afisxÊnv I make ashamed

-a¤nv leuka¤nv I make white

Word Building by Composition

A compound word is formed by the joining of two or more words. English does not form compounds as readily as did Hellenistic Greek, in which word formation through composition was very common.

The great majority of compound words in the New Testament are compound verbs. Compound verbs have a preposition as their fi rst member and a verb as the second member. The precise nuance that the preposition adds to the verb varies, because the meaning of the preposition is often modifi ed by the verb it joins. In addition to a local force (showing direction), several prepositions also sometimes strengthen or perfect the force of verbs with which they are compounded. English has a few examples of this: “eat” is strengthened in “eat up,” “swallow” in “swallow down,” etc. The student should be aware, though, that by Hellenistic times some of these perfectives had lost the force they originally may have had. Failure to recognize this when it occurs leads to “overtranslating” the verb. For example, one of the meanings of fil°v is “I kiss,” but the compound verb katafil°v does not signify an especially intense kiss. Here (as always) usage is determinative, for which a good lexicon should be consulted. The prepositions most often used as perfectives are: sun-, kata-, éna-, épo-, and §k-. They are translated in the chart below with “thoroughly” and have their own example on a separate line.

8


A. Compound Verbs with Prepositional Prefi xesPrefi x Typical Signifi cance Example(s) from the New Testament

éna- (én-) up, again; énaba¤nv I go up, embark thoroughly énazht°v I search after

énti- (ént-, against, instead of éntil°gv I object to, oppose ény-)

épo- (ép-, away from; épost°llv I send away éf-) thoroughly épÒllumi I destroy

dia- (di-) through, between di°rxomai I go through

efiw- into, in efisãgv I lead into

§k- (§j-) out of, from; §j°rxomai I go out thoroughly §kzht°v I search out

§n- (§g-, §m-) in, into ¶neimi I am in, am inside

§pi- (§p-, §f-) on, upon §pikal°v I call upon

kata- (kat-, down, against; kataba¤nv I go down, disembark kay-) thoroughly katesy¤v I eat up, devour

meta- (met-, with, after metano°v I repent (implies change) mey-)

para- (par-) beside, near pãreimi I am near

peri- round, about perit°mnv I circumcise (literally “cut around”)

pro- before (of time pro°rxomai I go before or place)

pros- to; nearby prosãgv I bring to; I come near

sun- (sug-, with, together; sunãgv I gather together sul-, sum-) thoroughly sullambãnv I seize, catch

Íper- over, above Íperorãv I overlook, neglect

Ípo- under Ípotãssv I put under, subject

9


The meaning that prepositional prefixes contribute to verbs can be illustrated by the many compounds in the New Testament of bãllv, “I put, place, throw.” épobãllv means “I throw off.” §kbãllv is “I throw out,” hence “I expel.” §pibãllv means “I lay upon.” katabãllv means “I throw down,” in the middle voice “I found, lay,” especially used of laying a foundation. “I put around, clothe” is peribãllv. probãllv is “I put forward, put out.” The meaning of sumbãllv is not readily apparent; it is “I converse, consider, meet.” The parts of this compound are hinted at by BDAG, which suggests that sum + ballv is paralleled by our modern colloquial expression, “get it all together.” Finally, Íperbãllv is “I go beyond, surpass, outdo.”

B. Compounds with Adverbial Prefi xes

Compound words of all types can be formed by prefi xing an adverbial particle or an independent adverb to a word or stem. The chief adverbial prefi xes used in forming compounds in the New Testament are:

Prefi x Typical Signifi cance Example(s) from the New Testament

é- (én-) not, un-, dis- êdikow unjust(by far épist°v I disbelieve, am unfaithfulthe most common)

eÈ- well, good eÈagg°lion good news, gospel eÈerget°v I do good

dus- hard, un-, mis- dusent°rion dysentery

C. Compound Nouns and Adjectives

Compound nouns and adjectives are also formed by joining two words, one of which is usually a noun. As in word building by derivation, changes often occur in the words joined. In compound nouns and adjectives this change almost always occurs at or near the point of conjunction. Fortunately for the student of Greek vocabulary, the two members of the compound are usually recognizable despite these changes, and we will not look directly at the separate members here. But for understanding compounds of all sorts, each

10


member of the compound must be understood and taken into account.3

The two members of compound nouns and adjectives can be viewed as standing in various case relationships with each other. Most obvious is an accusative case relationship, where one member of the compound receives the action of the other as its “direct object”:

nomodidãskalow teacher of the law pantokrãtvr ruler of all, hence “the Almighty” ofikodespÒthw ruler of a house érxisunãgvgow ruler of a synagogue

A dative case relationship may also be apparent:

efidvlÒyutow sacrifi ced to idols yeod¤daktow taught by God

Many compounds show a nominative case relationship. That is, the members of the compound stand in a predicate relationship, with the fi rst usually describing the second:

monogenÆw unique, only, one-of-a-kind érxiereÊw chief priest, high priest ceudoprofÆthw false prophet

Conclusion

To sum up this treatment of word building, perhaps it would be helpful to offer a rather comprehensive example of word building by both derivation and composition from one root. The root we shall employ is dik, which in its word family signifi es “right, just.” Note how this stem joins the prefi xes and suffi xes listed above to form a whole family of words. (Not all word families are as full and well-formed as this, but this one is highly illustrative of the process.) Nouns formed by derivation and composition are:

d¤kh punishment, justicedikastÆw judgedikaiosÊnh justice, righteousnessdika¤vma righteous deed

3 In the word lists, compound verbs are listed by the second element, the verb. All other compounds are generally listed by the fi rst element.

11


dika¤vsiw justifi cation, acquittalédik¤a unrighteousnesséd¤khma sin, crime§kd¤khsiw retribution, punishmentdikaiokris¤a righteous judgment

Adjectives formed from this root greatly resemble the nouns:

d¤kaiow just, righteousêdikow unjust, unrighteousÍpÒdikow responsible to, answerable to

The verbs of this word family are:

dikaiÒv I justify, pronounce righteousédik°v I wrong, do harm§kdik°v I avenge, punishkatadikãzv I condemn

Finally, the adverbs are:

dika¤vw justly, righteouslyéd¤kvw unjustly, unrighteously

12

Part Three

New Testament Greek Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate

III. A. Families with One or More Words Occurring 400 or More Times

1. ékoÊv I hear (acoustic) 430 ékoÆ, -∞w, ≤ hearing, ear, report 24 efisakoÊv I listen to 5 ÍpakoÊv I obey 21 ÍpakoÆ, -∞w, ≤ obedience 15

—————

éllã but, rather, yet 638 êllow, -h, -o another, other (alien) 155 éllÆlvn each other, one another 100 éllÒtriow, -¤a, belonging to another, 14

-on strange éllãssv I change 6 katallãssv I reconcile 6

—————

ênyrvpow, human being, person (anthropology) 551-ou, ı

ényr≈pinow, -h human 7-on

—————

aÈtÒw, -Æ, -Ò he, she, it; himself, herself, (automobile) 5601 itself; even, very; same

•autoË, -∞w, -oË himself, herself, itself 321 §jaut∞w at once, immediately 6

—————

13

Vocabulary Listed by Frequency and Cognate

g¤nomai I am, become, happen 670 parag¤nomai I come, am present 37 gennãv I beget 97 geneã, -çw, ≤ family, generation (genealogy) 43 g°nesiw, -evw, ≤ beginning (genesis) 5 g°now, -ouw, tÒ race, stock (genus) 21 gone›w, -°vn, ofl parents 20 monogenÆw, -°w only, unique 9 suggenÆw, -°w related, akin to 9

—————

2. d¤dvmi I give (cf. dose) 415 d«ron, -ou, tÒ gift (Dorothy) 19 dvreã, -çw, ≤ gift, bounty 11 dvreãn freely 9 épod¤dvmi I give away, give up; 48

I render éntapod¤dvmi I repay, return 7 §pid¤dvmi I deliver, give away 9 metad¤dvmi I impart, share 5 parad¤dvmi I hand over, hand down, 119

entrust parãdosiw, handing over, tradition 13

-evw, ≤

—————

§g≈1 I (ego) 2666 §mÒw, -Æ, -Òn my, mine (cf. me, my) 76 §mautoË, -∞w myself 37 ≤m°terow, -a, -on our 8

—————

efi if 513 e‡te if, whether 65 §ãn if 351

—————

1 The inflected forms of §g≈—§moË, §mo¤, etc.—are more clearly cognate to the rest of the words in this group than is §g≈.

14


efim¤ I am (cf. am) 2461 êpeimi I am absent 7 pãreimi I am present 24 parous¤a, -aw, ≤ presence, coming (parousia) 24 §jous¤a, -aw, ≤ power, authority 102 ¶jesti it is permitted, possible 32 ˆntvw really, certainly, in truth 10 ¶ni there is (used only after a 6

negative)

—————

3. efiw into, in (eisegesis) 1768 ¶sv in, inside (esoteric) 9 ¶svyen inside, within; 12

from within

—————

§k, before from, out of (exhale) 916vowels §j

§ktÒw outside (ectoplasm) 8 ¶jv outside, out 63 ¶jvyen from the outside, outside 13

—————

¶rxomai I come, go 636 ép°rxomai I go away 118 di°rxomai I go through 43 efis°rxomai I enter 194 §j°rxomai I go out, come out 218 §p°rxomai I come, come upon 9 kat°rxomai I come down 16 par°rxomai I go by, (pass.) I pass away 30 pro°rxomai I go forward, go before 9 pros°rxomai I go to, approach 86 sun°rxomai I come with, go with, assemble 30

—————

4. ¶xv I have, hold 711 én°xomai I endure 15

15


ép°xv I receive; I am distant; I abstain 19 •j∞w on the next day 5 §p°xv I hold fast; I aim at 5 kat°xv I hold back, hold fast 18 met°xv I share, participate in 8 m°toxow, -on sharing in 6 par°xv I give, cause 16 pros°xv I pay attention 24 sun°xv I hold fast, oppress, attack 12 Íper°xv I surpass 5 kayej∞w in order, one after the other 5

—————

·na in order that, that 663 flnat¤ why? 6

—————

ka¤ and, also, likewise 9164 kég≈ and I, but I 84 ka¤per although 5 kéke› and there 10 kéke›yen and from there 10 kéke›now, -h, -o and that one, and he 22 kên and if, even if, if only 17

—————

katã (with gen.) down, (catalytic) 476 against; (with acc.) according to, along

kãtv below, downward 9

—————

kÊriow, -ou, ı master, lord, the Lord (Kyrie) 719 kurieÊv I am lord, I lord it over 7

—————

5. l°gv I say, tell (legend) 2358 lÒgow, -ou, ı word, Word (theology) 330 log¤zomai I reckon, think 41

16


éntil°gv I object to 11 épolog°omai I defend myself 10 épolog¤a, -aw, ≤ defense, reply (apologetics) 8 dial°gomai I discuss, speak (dialogue) 13 diãlektow, -ou, ≤ language (dialect) 6 dialog¤zomai I consider, reason 16 dialogismÒw, -oË, ı thought, doubt, dispute 14 §kl°gomai I choose, select 22 §klektÒw, -Æ, -Òn chosen, select (eclectic) 22 §klogÆ, -∞w, ≤ election 7 eÈlog°v I bless 42 eÈloghtÒw, -Æ, -Òn blessed, praised 8 eÈlog¤a, -aw, ≤ praise, blessing (eulogy) 16 ımolog°v I confess 26 ımolog¤a, -aw, ≤ confession 6 §jomolog°omai I confess 10 prol°gv I tell beforehand (prologue) 15 sull°gv I collect 8

—————

mÆ not 1043 mhd° and not, but not 56 mhde¤w, -dem¤a, no one, nothing 89

-d°n mhk°ti no longer 22 mÆpote that not, lest 25 mÆte and not, neither, nor 34 mÆti (a usually untranslated particle 18

in questions that expect a negative answer)

—————

6. metã (with gen.) with; 473 (with acc.) after, behind (metaphysics)

metajÊ between 9

—————

17


ı, ≤, tÒ the 19904 ˜de, ¥de, tÒde this 10 œde here 61

—————

ırãv I see 449 ˜rama, -atow, tÒ (a supernatural) vision (panorama) 12 éÒratow, -on unseen, invisible 5

—————

˜w, ¥, ˜ who, which, what 1365 oÂow, -a, -on of what sort, such as 15 ˜sow, -h, -on as great, how great; as 110

far, how far ˜stiw, ¥tiw, ˜ ti who, whoever 148 ˜te when 103 ˜ti that, because, since 1297 o where, whither 54 ˜yen from where 15

—————

oÈ, oÈk, oÈx no, not (utopia) 1613 oÈd° and not, nor; neither, nor 144 oÈde¤w, -em¤a, -°n no one, nothing 234 oÈd°pote never 16 oÈk°ti no more, no longer 47 oÎpv not yet 26 oÎte neither, nor 87 oÈx¤ not 53 §jouyen°v I despise, reject 11

—————

7. otow, aÏth, this 1391toËto

oÏtvw in this manner, thus, so 208

—————

pçw, pçsa, pçn all, every (panorama) 1244 ëpaw, -asa, -an all, every 34

18


pantaxoË everywhere 7 pãntvw certainly 8 pantokrãtvr, the Almighty 10

-ou, ≤

—————

patÆr, father (patristics) 414patrÒw, ı

patr¤w, -¤dow, ≤ fatherland, hometown (patriot) 8

—————

poi°v I do, make 568 peripo¤hsiw, preserving, possessing 5

-evw, ≤ poihtÆw, -oË, ı doer, maker (poet) 6 xeiropo¤htow, -on made by human hands 6 zƒopoi°v I make alive 11

—————

polÊw, pollÆ, much, many (polygamy) 418polÊ

pollãkiw many times, often 18

—————

prÒw (with dat.) near, at; (prosthetic) 699 (with acc.) to, toward

¶mprosyen (adverb) in front, ahead; 48 (prep., with gen.) in front of, before

—————

sÊ you 2913 seautoË yourself 43 sÒw, sÆ, sÒn your, yours 27 Ím°terow, -a, -on your 11

—————

t¤w, t¤ who? which one? what? 555 tiw, ti anyone, anything; 526

someone, something

19


kayÒti as, because 6

—————

…w as, like, so 504 kay≈w as, just as 182 …saÊtvw likewise 17 …se¤ as, like 21 Àsper (just) as 36 Àste therefore, so that 83

III. B. Families with One or More Words Occurring 155–399 Times

1. êggelow, -ou, ı angel, messenger (angel) 176 énagg°llv I announce, proclaim 14 épagg°llv I report, proclaim 45 §paggel¤a, -aw, ≤ promise 52 §pagg°llomai I promise 15 eÈaggel¤zomai I preach the Good News (evangelize) 54 eÈagg°lion, the Good News, Gospel (evangelical) 76

-ou, tÒ katagg°llv I proclaim 18 paragg°llv I command 32 paraggel¤a, -aw, ≤ command 5

—————

ëgiow, -ia, -on holy 233 ègiãzv I make holy, sanctify 28 ègiasmÒw, -oË, ı holiness, sanctification 10

—————

édelfÒw, -oË, ı brother (cf. Philadelphia) 343 édelfÆ, -∞w, ≤ sister 26

—————

èmart¤a, -aw, ≤ sin 173 èmartãnv I sin 43 èmartvlÒw, -Òn sinful 47

—————

20


ên (an untranslatable condi- 167 tional particle)

˜tan whenever, when 123

—————

épokr¤nomai I answer, reply 232 kr¤nv I judge 115 énakr¤nv I question, examine 16 diakr¤nv I differentiate; (mid.) I doubt 19 katakr¤nv I condemn 18 kr¤ma, -atow, tÒ judgment, condemnation (crime) 28 kr¤siw, -evw, ≤ judging, judgment (crisis) 47 kritÆw, -oË, ı judge (critic) 19 ÍpÒkrisiw, -evw, ≤ hypocrisy (hypocrisy) 6 ÍpokritÆw, -oË, ı hypocrite (hypocrite) 18 énupÒkritow, -on genuine, sincere 6

—————

basile¤a, -aw, ≤ kingdom, reign 162 basileËw, -°vw, ı king 115 basileÊv I rule 21 basilikÒw, -Æ, -Òn royal (basilica) 5

—————

2. g∞, g∞w, ≤ earth (geology) 250 gevrgÒw, -oË, ı farmer (George) 19 §p¤geiow earthly 7

—————

gin≈skv I know (cf. know) 222 gnvr¤zv I make known, reveal 25 gn«siw, -evw, ≤ knowledge (gnostic) 29 gnvstÒw, -Æ, -Òn known 15 gn≈mh, -hw, ≤ purpose, opinion 9 énagin≈skv I read 32 égno°v I do not know (agnostic) 22 §pigin≈skv I know, understand 44 §p¤gnvsiw, -evw, ≤ knowledge, understanding 20 progin≈skv I know beforehand (cf. prognosis) 5

21


—————

grãfv I write (graph) 191 grafÆ, -∞w, ≤ writing 51 grãmma, -atow, tÒ letter (of the alphabet), (grammar) 14

writing grammateÊw, scribe 64

-°vw, ı §pigrãfv I write on 5 §pigrafÆ, -∞w, ≤ inscription (epigraph) 5

—————

dÒja, -hw, ≤ glory, brightness, splendor (doxology) 166 dojãzv I praise, honor, glorify 61 dok°v I think, believe; I seem (docetism) 63 dÒgma, -atow, tÒ decree; doctrine (dogma) 5 dokimÆ, -∞w, ≤ character 7 dÒkimow, -on approved, genuine 7 édÒkimow, -on worthless 8 dokimãzv I test, examine, approve 22 épodokimãzv I reject 9 eÈdok°v I am pleased with 21 eÈdok¤a, -aw, ≤ goodwill, favor 9 suneudok°v I agree with, approve of 6

—————

3. dÊnamai I can (dynamic) 210 dÊnamiw, -evw, ≤ power, strength (dynamite) 119 dunatÒw, -Æ, -Òn powerful 32 édÊnatow, -on powerless 10 §ndunamÒv I strengthen; (pass.) I 7

become strong

—————

§ke›now, -h, -o that 265 §ke› there, to that place 105 §ke›yen from there 37

—————

22


¶rgon, -ou, tÒ work, deed (ergonomics) 169 §rgãzomai I work, do, accomplish 41 §rgas¤a, -aw, ≤ practice, trade 6 §rgãthw, -ou, ı workman, doer 16 §n°rgeia, -aw, ≤ working, action (energy) 8 §nerg°v I work, produce 21 katarg°v I make ineffective, abolish 27 katergãzomai I achieve, bring about 22 leitourg¤a, -aw, ≤ service (liturgy) 6 leitourgÒw, -oË, ı servant (liturgist) 5 panourg¤a, -aw, ≤ cunning, craftiness, trickery 5 sunerg°v I cooperate (synergy) 5 sunergÒw, -oË, ı helper, fellow-worker 13

—————

4. §sy¤v I eat 158 katesy¤v I eat up, devour 15 sunesy¤v I eat with 5

—————

≤m°ra, -aw, ≤ day 389 sÆmeron today 41

—————

y°lv I wish, will 209 y°lhma, -atow, tÒ will 62

—————

kÒsmow, -ou, ı the world (cosmos) 186 kosm°v I adorn, beautify (cosmetic) 10

—————

lal°v I speak 296 katalal°v I speak against, slander 5 sullal°v I talk with, discuss 6

—————

lambãnv I take, receive 260 énalambãnv I take up 13 épolambãnv I receive 10

23


§pilambãnomai I take hold of, catch 19 katalambãnv I seize, win 15 metalambãnv I receive a share 7 paralambãnv I take, take with 50 proslambãnomai I receive, accept 12 sullambãnv I seize, I conceive 16 Ípolambãnv I receive 5

—————

5. mayhtÆw, -oË, ı learner, disciple (mathematics) 261 manyãnv I learn 25

—————

m°gaw, -ãlh, -a large, great (megaton) 243 megalÊnv I make large, magnify 8

—————

m°n indeed, on the one hand 180 (but often untranslatable)

m°ntoi though, indeed 8

—————

nÒmow, -ou, ı law (antinomian) 195 nom¤zv I think, believe 15 nomikÒw, -Æ, -Òn legal; (as a noun) lawyer 9 énom¤a, -aw, ≤ lawlessness 15 ênomow, -a, -on lawless 10

—————

o‰da I know (idea) 318 fidoÊ see! behold! 200 ‡de see, here is 34 e‡dvlon, -ou, tÒ image, idol (idol) 11 efidvlÒyutow, -on offered to an idol 9 efidvlolãtrhw, idolater (idolater) 7

-ou, ı sune¤dhsiw, -evw, ≤ conscience 30 e‰dow, -ouw, tÒ form, appearance 5

—————

24


6. ˆnoma, -atow, name (pseudonym) 231tÒ

Ùnomãzv I name 10 eÈ≈numow, -on2 left (as opposed to right) 9

—————

oÈranÒw, -oË, ı heaven (uranium) 274 oÈrãniow, -on heavenly 9 §pourãniow, -on heavenly 19

—————

pisteÊv I believe (in), trust 243 p¤stiw, -evw, ≤ faith, trust 243 pistÒw, -Æ, -Òn faithful 67 épist°v I disbelieve, am unfaithful 8 épist¤a, -aw, ≤ unfaithfulness, unbelief 11 êpistow, -h, -on faithless, unbelieving 23 ÙligÒpistow, -on of little faith 5 pe¤yv I convince, persuade; I (cf. faith) 52

trust in épeiy°v I disobey, am disobedient 14 épe¤yeia, -aw, ≤ disobedience, disbelief 7 épeiyÆw, -°w disobedient 6

—————

pneËma, -atow, breath, spirit (pneumonia) 379tÒ

pneumatikÒw, spiritual (pneumatic) 26-Æ, -Òn

pn°v I blow, breathe 7

—————

7. tÒte then 160 pãntote always 41 toioËtow, -aÊth, of such a kind, such as this 57

-oËton

2 Literally, “well-named,” a euphemism. The ancient Greeks thought the left hand to be ill-favored.

25


tosoËtow, -aÊth, so great, so far, so much 20-oËton

—————

uflÒw, -oË, ı son 379 ufloyes¤a, -aw, ≤ adoption 5

—————

ÍpÒ (with gen.) by; (with (hypodermic) 220 acc.) under

Ípokãtv under 11

—————

xãriw, -itow, ≤ grace, favor (charity) 156 xa¤rv I rejoice, am glad 74 xarã, -çw, ≤ joy 59 xar¤zomai I give freely, forgive 23 xãrisma, -atow, tÒ a gift (charismatic) 17 xãrin for the sake of 9 eÈxarist°v I give thanks 38 eÈxarist¤a, -aw, ≤ thanksgiving (Eucharist) 15 sugxa¤rv I rejoice with 7

III. C. Families With One or More Words Occurring 100–154 Times

1. égayÒw, -Æ, -Òn good (Agatha) 102 égayopoi°v I do good 9

—————

égapãv I love 143 égãph, -hw, ≤ love 116 égaphtÒw, -Æ, -Òn beloved, dear 61

—————

a‡rv I lift up; I take away 101 §pa¤rv I lift up, hold up 19

—————

26


afi≈n, -«now, ı age, eternity (eon) 122 afi≈niow, -on eternal 71 ée¤ always 7

—————

élÆyeia, -aw, ≤ truth, truthfulness 109 élhyinÒw, -Æ, -Òn true 28 élhyÆw, -°w true 26 élhy«w truly 18

—————

épost°llv I send away, send out 132 épÒstolow, -ou, ı apostle (apostle) 80 diast°llomai I order 8 §japost°llv I send forth 13 §pistolÆ, -∞w, ≤ letter, epistle (epistle) 24 stolÆ, -∞w, ≤ robe (stole) 9

—————

érxiereÊw, high priest, chief priest 122-°vw, ı

flereÊw, -°vw, ı priest (hierarchy) 31 flerÒn, -oË, tÒ temple 71

—————

2. éf¤hmi I leave, let go, pardon 146 êfesiw, -°sevw, ≤ pardon, forgiveness 17 sun¤hmi I understand, comprehend 26 sÊnesiw, -evw, ≤ understanding 7 ênesiw, -evw, ≤ rest, relief 5

—————

bãllv I throw, place (ballistic) 122 diãbolow, -ou, ı the devil (diabolical) 37 §kbãllv I throw out, expel 81 §pibãllv I put around, clothe 18 katabolÆ, -∞w, ≤ foundation 11 liyobol°v I stone 7 parabolÆ, -∞w, ≤ parable (parable) 50

27


parembolÆ, -∞w, ≤ camp, army 10 peribãllv I put on, clothe 23 sumbãllv I meet, discuss; (mid.) I help 6 ÍperbolÆ, -∞w, ≤ excess, abundance (hyperbole) 8 Íperbãllv I surpass 5

—————

bl°pv I see, look 133 énabl°pv I look up, gain sight 25 §mbl°pv I look at 12 peribl°pomai I look around 7

—————

de› it is necessary, one must 101 d°omai I ask 22 d°hsiw, -evw, ≤ prayer, entreaty 18

—————

doËlow, -ou, ı slave 124 douleÊv I am a slave, serve 25 doulÒv I enslave 8 doule¤a, -aw, ≤ slavery 5 sÊndoulow, -ou, ı fellow-slave 10

—————

dÊo two (duet) 132 deÊterow, -a, -on second (Deuteronomy) 43 diakÒsioi, -ai, -a two hundred 5

—————

3. §ge¤rv I raise 144 grhgor°v I watch (Gregory) 22 diege¤rv I wake (someone) up 6

—————

zãv I live 140 zvÆ, -∞w, ≤ life 135 z“on, -ou, tÒ living thing; animal (zoo) 23

—————

28


zht°v I seek, look for, ask 117 zÆthma, -atow, tÒ question, issue 5 zÆthsiw, -evw, ≤ investigation 7 §kzht°v I search for 7 §pizht°v I search for, strive for 13 suzht°v I discuss, dispute 10

—————

yãnatow, -ou, ı death (euthanasia) 120 yanatÒv I kill 11 époynπskv I die 111 ynπskv I die 9 ynhtÒw, -Æ, -Òn mortal 6

—————

‡diow, -¤a, -on one’s own 114 fidi≈thw, -ou, ı layman, amateur (idiot) 5

—————

4. ·sthmi I place, set, stand (stand) 154 én¤sthmi I raise, rise, stand up 108 énãstasiw, -evw, resurrection 42

≤ ékatastas¤a, disturbance 5

-aw, ≤ ény¤sthmi I oppose, resist 14 épokay¤sthmi I restore, reestablish 8

or épokayistãnv éf¤sthmi I go away 14 §n¤sthmi I have come, am present 7 §j¤sthmi I am amazed, astonished 17 ¶kstasiw, -evw, ≤ distraction, confusion; (ecstasy) 7

trance §pistãthw, -ou, ı master 7 §f¤sthmi I stand by, approach, appear 21 kay¤sthmi I set, constitute 21 mey¤sthmi I remove 5 par¤sthmi I am present, stand by 41

29


pro˝sthmi I rule, direct; I care for 8 stãsiw, -evw, ≤ uprising, revolt 9 stÆkv I stand, stand firm 10 sun¤sthmi I present, introduce 16

or sunistãnv ÍpÒstasiw, -evw, ≤ substantial nature, essence 5

—————

kal°v I call (cf. call) 148 klÆsiw, -evw, ≤ calling, position 11 klhtÒw, -Æ, -Òn called, invited 10 én°gklhtow, -Òn blameless, irreproachable 5 §gkal°v I accuse, charge 7 §kklhs¤a, -aw, ≤ church, congregation (ecclesiastical) 114 §pikal°v I name; (mid.) I call upon 30 parakal°v I invite; I exhort; I comfort 109 parãklhsiw, exhortation, comfort 29

-evw, ≤ parãklhtow, mediator, helper (Paraclete) 5

-ou, ı proskal°omai I call, invite 29 sugkal°v I call together; 8

(mid.) I summon

—————

5. kalÒw, -Æ, -Òn good (calligraphy) 101 kal«w well, beautifully 37

—————

m°nv I remain, stay (cf. remain) 118 diam°nv I remain 5 §pim°nv I remain, stay 17 prosm°nv I remain with, stay with 7 Ípom°nv I remain, endure 17 ÍpomonÆ -∞w, ≤ patience, endurance 32

—————

30


nËn now (cf. now) 148 nun¤3 now 20

—————

ıdÒw, -oË, ≤ way (exodus) 101 e‡sodow, -ou, ≤ entrance 5

—————

o‰kow, -ou, ı house, dwelling 114 ofik¤a, -aw, ≤ household 94 ofik°v I live, inhabit 9 §noik°v I live in 5 katoik°v I live, dwell in 44 ofikodespÒthw, the master of the house (despot) 12

-ou, ı ofikonom¤a, -aw, ≤ management; plan (economy) 9 oflkonÒmow, -ou, ı house steward (economist) 10 ofikoum°nh, -hw, ≤ the inhabited world (ecumenical) 15 ofikodom°v I build 40 ofikodomÆ, -∞w, ≤ building, edification; 18

a building §poikodom°v I build on 7

—————

ÙfyalmÒw, -oË, ı eye (ophthalmologist) 100 §n≈pion before 94 m°tvpon, -ou, tÒ forehead 8 prÒsvpon, -ou, tÒ face 76

—————

6. poreÊomai I go, proceed 154 épor°v I am in doubt 6 efisporeÊomai I go in 18 §kporeÊomai I go out 34 ¶mporow, -ou, ı merchant (emporium) 5 diaporeÊomai I go through 5 paraporeÊomai I go by, go through 5

3 An intensive form of nËn, but with no difference in meaning.

31


—————

profÆthw, prophet (prophet) 144-ou, ı

profhteÊv I prophesy 28 profhte¤a -aw, ≤ prophecy (prophecy) 19 prÒfasiw, -evw, ≤ pretext, excuse 7 fhm¤ I say 66 blasfhm°v I blaspheme (blaspheme) 34 blasfhm¤a, -aw, ≤ blasphemy (blasphemy) 18

—————

p«w how? 103 p≈w somehow 15 ˜pvw (adv.) how; (conj.) that, 53

in order that pÒyen whence? 29 po›ow, -a, -on of what kind? which? what? 33 ıpo›ow, -¤a, -on of what sort 5 pÒsow, -h, -on how great? how much? 27

how many? potapÒw, -Æ, -Òn of what sort, of what kind 7 pÒte when? 19 pot° once, formerly 29 p≈pote ever 6 ˜pou where, insofar as 84 poË where? 48

—————

7. sãrj, sarkÒw, ≤ flesh (sarcophagus) 147 sarkikÒw, -Æ, -Òn fleshly, in the manner of flesh 7

—————

s–zv I save, deliver 107 svtÆr, -∞row, ı savior, deliverer 24 svthr¤a, -aw, ≤ salvation, deliverance 46 dias–zv I save 8

—————

32


t¤yhmi I put, place (cf. theme) 100 éyet°v I reject 16 énãyema, -atow, tÒ object of a curse (anathema) 6 épot¤yemai I put off, lay aside 9 diayÆkh, -hw, ≤ will, testament, covenant 33 diat¤yhmi I decree, make a will 7 §pit¤yhmi I put upon 39 metat¤yhmi I remove, change 6 parat¤yhmi I place beside, place around 19 perit¤yhmi I put around 8 prÒyesiw, -evw, ≤ presentation; plan 12 prost¤yhmi I add 18

—————

fvnÆ, -∞w, ≤ sound, voice (telephone) 139 fvn°v I call 43 prosfvn°v I call at, address 7 sumfvn°v I agree with (symphony) 6

—————

cuxÆ, -∞w, ≤ soul (psychiatrist) 103 cuxikÒw, -Æ, -Òn unspiritual (psychic) 6

III. D. Families With One or More WordsOccurring 50–99 Times

1. êgv I lead (cf. pedagogical) 67 énãgv I lead up 23 épãgv I lead away 16 efisãgv I lead in 11 §jãgv I lead out 12 katãgv I lead down 9 ıdhg°v I lead, guide 5 ıdhgÒw, -oË, ı leader, guide 5 parãgv I go away, pass by 10 periãgv I lead around, go around 6 proãgv I lead forward, go before 20

33


prosãgv I bring, come near 5 sunãgv I gather together 59 §pisunãgv I gather together, congregate 8 sunagvgÆ, -∞w, ≤ synagogue (synagogue) 56 érxisunãgvgow, head of a synagogue 9

-ou, ı Ípãgv I go, go away 79

—————

afit°v I ask, ask for 70 afit¤a, -aw, ≤ cause, reason 20 a‡tiow, -¤a, -on responsible, guilty 5 parait°omai I ask for; I refuse 12

—————

éno¤gv I open 77 diano¤gv I open, explain 8

—————

épÒllumi I ruin, destroy 91 ép≈leia, -aw, ≤ destruction 18

—————

2. êrxv I rule, am first; (mid.) I begin (oligarch) 86 érxÆ, -∞w, ≤ beginning; ruler, authority 55 êrxvn, -ontow, ı ruler, lord, authority 37 érxa›ow, -a, -on ancient, old (archaic) 11 xil¤arxow, -ou, ı leader of a thousand soldiers, 22

tribune •katontãrxhw, centurion, captain 16

-ou, ı •katÒntarxow, centurion, captain 7

-ou, ı Ípãrxv I exist, am present 60 éparxÆ, -∞w, ≤ first-fruits 9

—————

éspãzomai I greet 59 éspasmÒw, -oË, ı greeting 10

34


—————

énaba¤nv I go up, embark 82 §mba¤nv I go in, embark 16 §piba¤nv I go up, upon 6 kataba¤nv I come down, go down 81 metaba¤nv I go over, move 12 proba¤nv I go on, advance 5 sumba¤nv I happen, come about 8 b∞ma, -atow step, judge’s bench, platform 12 parãbasiw, -evw, ≤ overstepping, transgression 7 parabãthw, -ou, ı transgressor, sinner 5 b°baiow, -a, -on firm, secure, certain 8 bebaiÒv I make firm, establish, confirm 8 b°bhlow, -on profane, godless 5

—————

bapt¤zv I baptize (baptize) 77 bãptisma, baptism (baptism) 19

-atow, tÒ baptistÆw, -oË, ı baptist, baptizer (Baptist) 12

—————

daimÒnion, demon, evil spirit (demon) 63-ou, tÒ

daimon¤zomai I am demon-possessed 13

—————

d°xomai I take, receive 56 épekd°xomai I await eagerly 8 épod°xomai I welcome, receive 7 dektÒw, -Æ, -Òn acceptable, welcome 5 prosdokãv I wait for 16 §kd°xomai I expect 6 parad°xomai I receive 6 prosd°xomai I receive, welcome; 14

I wait for dejiÒw, -ã, -Òn right (as opposed to left) (cf. dexterity) 54 eÈprÒsdektow, -on acceptable, welcome 5

35


—————

didãskv I teach (cf. didactic) 97 didãskalow,-ou, ı teacher 59 didaskal¤a, -aw, ≤ teaching, instruction 21 didaxÆ, -∞w, ≤ teaching 30

—————

3. dikaiosÊnh, righteousness 92-hw, ≤

d¤kaiow, -a, -on righteous, just 79 dikaiÒv I justify 39 dika¤vma, requirement; righteous deed 10

-atow, tÒ dika¤vw justly 5 édik°v I do wrong, treat unjustly 28 édik¤a, -aw, ≤ wrongdoing, unrighteousness 25 êdikow, -on unjust 12 ént¤dikow, -ou, ı opponent 5 §kdik°v I avenge someone 6 §kd¤khsiw, -evw, ≤ vengeance, punishment 9 katadikãzv I condemn 5

—————

diÒ therefore, for this reason 53 diÒti because, therefore 23

—————

d≈deka twelve 75 d°ka ten (decade) 24 ßndeka eleven 6 dekat°ssarew fourteen 5

—————

§lp¤w, -¤dow, ≤ hope 53 §lp¤zv I hope, hope for 31

—————

§ntolÆ, -∞w, ≤ commandment, order 67 §nt°llomai I command, order 15

36


énat°llv I rise up 9 énatolÆ, -∞w, ≤ rising, east 11

—————

•ptã seven 88 ßbdomow, -h, -on seventh 9

—————

§rvtãv I ask, request 63 §pervtãv I ask (a question) 56

—————

4. eÈyÊw immediately 51 eÈyÊw, -e›a, -Ê straight 8 eÈy°vw immediately 36

—————

≥dh now, already 61 dÆ indeed, now 5

—————

yevr°v I see, perceive (theory) 58 yeãomai I see, look at (theater) 22

—————

flmãtion, -ou, tÒ garment 60 flmatismÒw, -oË, ı clothing 5

—————

kãyhmai I sit, sit down 91 kay¤zv I sit down, cause to sit down; 46

stay (intrans.) kay°zomai I sit 7

—————

kakÒw, -Æ, -Òn evil, bad 50 kak¤a, -aw, ≤ wickedness, malice 11 kakÒv I harm, mistreat 6 kak«w wickedly, badly 16 §gkak°v I become weary, lose heart 6

—————

37


karpÒw, -ou, ı fruit 66 karpofor°v I bear fruit 8 êkarpow, -on unfruitful 7

—————

khrÊssv I proclaim, preach 61 kÆrugma, -atow, proclamation, preaching 9

tÒ

—————

krãzv I cry, call out 56 énakrãzv I cry out 5

—————

l¤yow, -ou, ı stone (lithography) 59 liyãzv I stone (a person) 9

—————

5. loipÒw, -Æ, -Òn remaining, other 55 le¤pv I lack, fall short 6 épole¤pv I leave (behind); I remain 7 §gkatale¤pv I leave behind, forsake 10 katale¤pv I leave behind 24

—————

épolÊv I set free, let go, send away 67 lÊv I loose, set free 42 épolÊtrvsiw, release, redemption 10

-evw, ≤ §klÊomai (pass.) I become weary, 5

give out katalÊv I destroy, abolish 17 paralÊomai I am disabled 5 paralutikÒw, lame; (as a noun) a paralytic (paralytic) 10

-Æ, -Òn

—————

mçllon more, rather 81 mãlista most of all, especially 12

38


—————

martur°v I bear witness, testify 76 martur¤a, -aw, ≤ testimony 37 martÊrion, -ou, testimony, proof 19

tÒ martÊromai I testify, affirm 5 mãrtuw, -turow, ı witness (martyr) 35 diamartÊromai I solemnly declare 15 ceudomartur°v I bear false witness 5

—————

m°sow, -h, -on middle, in the middle (Mesopotamia) 58 mes¤thw, -ou, ı mediator 6

—————

6. paid¤on, -ou, tÒ infant, young child 52 pa›w, paidÒw, ı child (pediatrician) 24 paid¤skh, -hw, ≤ female slave 13 paide¤a, -aw, ≤ upbringing, training 6 paideÊv I bring up, train 13 §mpa¤zv I ridicule, mock 13

—————

p°mpv I send 79 énap°mpv I send up 5 metap°mpomai I send for 9 prop°mpv I accompany 9

—————

peripat°v I go about, walk around 95 pat°v I tread 5 katapat°v I trample under foot 5

—————

p¤nv I drink 73 potÆrion, -ou, tÒ a drink (potable) 31 pot¤zv I give a drink 15 katap¤nv I drink down 7

39


—————

p¤ptv I fall 90 énap¤ptv I lie down, recline 12 §kp¤ptv I fall off, fall from 10 §mp¤ptv I fall in, fall into 7 §pip¤ptv I fall upon 11 parãptvma, transgression, sin 20

-atow, tÒ prosp¤ptv I fall down before, fall upon 8 pt«ma, -atow, tÒ corpse 7

—————

7. plhrÒv I fill, make full, finish 87 plÆrvma, fullness 17

-atow, tÒ plÆrhw, -ew full, complete 16 plhyÊnv I increase, multiply 12 pl∞yow, -ouw, tÒ crowd, multitude (plethora) 31 énaplhrÒv I fill up 6 p¤mplhmi I fill, fulfill 24 §mp¤mplhmi I fill, satisfy 5

—————

plo›on, -ou, tÒ boat, ship 68 ploiãrion, -ou, tÒ small ship, boat 5 pl°v I sail 6

—————

ponhrÒw, -ã, -Òn wicked, bad 78 ponhr¤a, -aw, ≤ wickedness, sinfulness 7

—————

poÊw, podÒw, ı foot (podiatrist) 93 ÍpopÒdion, -ou, tÒ footstool 7

—————

proseÊxomai I pray 86 proseuxÆ, -∞w, ≤ prayer 37

40


eÎxomai I pray 7

—————

pËr, purÒw, tÒ fire (pyre) 73 puretÒw, -oË, ı fever 6 purÒomai I burn, am inflamed 6

—————

=∞ma, -atow, tÒ word, saying; thing, matter (cf. rhetoric) 68 parrhs¤a, -aw, ≤ openness, confidence 31 parrhsiãzomai I speak freely, openly 9

—————

shme›on, -ou, tÒ sign (semaphore) 77 shma¤nv I make known, indicate 6

—————

sof¤a, -aw, ≤ wisdom (philosophy) 51 sofÒw, -Æ, -Òn wise 20

—————

spe¤rv I sow 52 sp°rma, -atow, tÒ seed (sperm) 43 spÒrow, -ou, ı seed (spore) 6

—————

8. t°knon, -ou, tÒ child 99 tekn¤on, -ou, tÒ little child 8 t¤ktv I give birth to 18 prvtÒtokow, -on first-born 8

—————

thr°v I keep, observe 70 parathr°v I watch, observe 6

—————

tre›w, tr¤a three (cf. trinity) 67 tr¤w three times 12 tr¤tow, -h, -on third 56 triãkonta thirty 9

—————

41


f°rv I bear, carry (cf. fertile) 66 énaf°rv I bring up, take up 10 épof°rv I carry away 6 diaf°rv I differ, am superior 13 efisf°rv I bring in 8 §kf°rv I carry out, send out 8 plhrofor°v I fill, fulfill 6 prosf°rv I bring to, offer 47 prosforã, -çw, ≤ offering, gift 9 sumf°rv I help, am profitable 15 for°v I bear, wear 6 fÒrow, -ou, ı tribute, tax 5 fort¤on, -ou, tÒ burden, load 6

—————

fob°omai I fear 95 fÒbow, -ou, ı fear (phobia) 47 ¶mfobow, -on afraid 5

—————

f«w, fvtÒw, tÒ light (photograph) 73 fvt¤zv I illuminate 11 fvteinÒw, -Æ, -Òn shining, bright 5

III. E. Families With One or More WordsOccurring 26–49 Times

1. égorãzv I buy 30 égorã, -çw, ≤ marketplace 11

—————

ékãyartow, impure, unclean 32-h, -on

ékayars¤a, -aw, ≤ impurity, immorality 10 kayar¤zv I make clean, purify (cf. catharsis) 31 kayarismÒw, -oË, ı purification 7 kayarÒw, -ã, -Òn clean, pure 27

—————

42


êjiow, -¤a, -on worthy, fit (axiom) 41 éjiÒv I deem worthy 7 éj¤vw worthily 6

—————

épokalÊptv I reveal (apocalyptic) 26 épokãluciw, revelation (apocalypse) 18

-evw, ≤ kalÊptv I cover, hide 8

—————

érn°omai I deny 33 éparn°omai I deny 11

—————

ésyen°v I am weak, sick 33 ésy°neia, -aw, ≤ weakness 24 ésyenÆw, -°w weak, powerless 26

—————

bibl¤on, book, scroll (bibliography) 34-ou, tÒ

b¤blow, -ou, ≤ book (Bible) 10

—————

boÊlomai I wish, desire (cf. volition) 37 boulÆ, -∞w, ≤ purpose, counsel 12 bouleÊomai I resolve, decide 6 sumboÊlion, plan, purpose 8

-ou, tÒ

—————

2. gam°v I marry (monogamy) 28 gãmow, -ou, ı marriage 16 gam¤zv I give in marriage 7

—————

d°v I bind, tie 43 desmÒw, -oË, ı bond, fetter 18 d°smiow, -ou, ı prisoner 16

43


ÍpÒdhma, sandal 10-atow, tÒ

—————

de¤knumi4 I point out, show 33 §nde¤knumi I show, demonstrate (indication) 11 §pide¤knumi I show, point out 7 Ípode¤knumi I show, indicate 6 ÍpÒdeigma, example, pattern 6

-atow, tÒ

—————

diakon°v I wait at table, serve 37 diakon¤a, -aw, ≤ service 34 diãkonow, -ou, ı deacon (deacon) 29

and ≤

—————

di≈kv I hasten; I pursue, persecute 45 divgmÒw, -oË, ı persecution 10

—————

§gg¤zv I come near 42 §ggÊw near 31

—————

§le°v I have mercy 29 ¶leow, -ouw, tÒ mercy, compassion 27 §lehmosÊnh, alms 13

-hw, ≤

—————

3. §ndÊv I clothe (cf. endue) 27 ¶nduma, -atow, tÒ garment, clothing 8 §kdÊv I strip, take off 6 dusmÆ, -∞w, ≤ going down, west 5

—————

4 This word group is closely related to that of d¤kh, but for pedagogical purposes it is listed separately.

44


§pe› because, since, for 26 §peidÆ since, because 10

—————

§piyum¤a,-aw, ≤ desire, longing 38 §piyum°v I desire, long for 16 yumÒw, -oË, ı anger, wrath 18 ımoyumadÒn with one mind 11 proyum¤a, -aw, ≤ willingness, goodwill 5

—————

§pistr°fv I turn, turn around, turn back 36 énastr°fv I act, live 9 énastrofÆ, -∞w, ≤ way of life, conduct 13 diastr°fv I make crooked, pervert 7 str°fv I turn, change (catastrophe) 21 épostr°fv I turn away, remove 9 Ípostr°fv I turn back, return 35

—————

¶rhmow, -on empty, deserted; (as a noun (hermit) 48 [≤]) the desert, wilderness

§rhmÒomai (pass.) I am laid waste 5

—————

•toimãzv I prepare 40 ßtoimow, -h, -on prepared 17

—————

§xyrÒw, -ã, -Òn hostile; (as a noun) enemy 32 ¶xyra, -aw, ≤ enmity 6

—————

4. ≤g°omai I lead, guide; I think 28 ≤gem≈n, -Ònow, ı governor, procurator (hegemony) 20 dihg°omai I tell, relate 8 §jhg°omai I explain, interpret (cf. exegesis) 6

—————

45


yaumãzv I wonder, marvel 43 yaumastÒw, -Æ, -Òn wonderful, marvelous 6

—————

yl›ciw, -evw, ≤ affliction, tribulation 45 yl¤bv I afflict, oppress 10

—————

yus¤a, -aw, ≤ sacrifice, offering 28 yusiastÆrion, altar 23

-ou, tÒ yÊv I sacrifice 14 yum¤ama, -atow, tÒ incense, incense offering 6

—————

fiãomai I heal 26 fiatrÒw, -oË, ı physician (psychiatrist) 7

—————

fisxurÒw, -ã, -Òn strong, powerful 29 fisxÊw, -Êow, ≤ strength, power 10 fisxÊv I am strong, powerful 28

—————

kauxãomai I boast, glory 37 kaÊxhma, -atow, boast, object of boasting 11

tÒ kaÊxhsiw, -evw, ≤ boasting 11

—————

kla¤v I weep, cry 40 klauymÒw, -oË, ı weeping 9

—————

5. krat°v I take hold of, hold fast 47 krãtow, -ouw, tÒ power, rule (cf. democracy) 12 kre¤ttvn, -on better 19

and kre¤ssvn

—————

46


lup°v I grieve; (pass.) I am sad, 26 grieve

lÊph, -hw, ≤ grief, sorrow, pain 16 per¤lupow, -on very sad, deeply sorrowed 5

—————

m°row, -ouw, tÒ part 42 mer¤zv I divide, separate 14 diamer¤zv I distribute 11 mer¤w, -¤dow, ≤ part, share 5

—————

metano°v I repent, am converted 34 metãnoia, -aw, ≤ repentance, conversion 22 no°v I perceive, understand (cf. paranoia) 14 katano°v I consider 14 nÒhma, -atow, tÒ thought, mind, design 6 noËw, noÒw, ı understanding, mind 24 nouyet°v I admonish, instruct 8 diãnoia, -aw, ≤ understanding, mind 12 énÒhtow, -on unintelligent, foolish 6

—————

mnhme›on, grave, tomb 40-ou, tÒ

mn∞ma, -atow, tÒ grave, tomb 8 mne¤a, -aw, ≤ remembrance, memory (amnesia) 7 mnhmoneÊv I remember, mention 21 mimnÆskomai I remember 23 énamimnπskv I remind 6 Ípomimnπskv I remind 7

—————

˜moiow, -a, -on like, similar 45 ımo¤vw likewise, so, similarly 30 ımoiÒv I liken, compare 15 ımo¤vma, -atow, tÒ likeness, form 6

—————

47


6. Ùp¤sv behind, back 35 ˆpisyen from behind 7

—————

ÙrgÆ, -∞w, ≤ anger, indignation 36 Ùrg¤zomai I am angry, indignant 8

—————

Ùfe¤lv I owe 35 Ùfeil°thw, -ou, ı debtor 7

—————

pãsxv I suffer, endure 42 pãyhma, -atow, tÒ suffering (empathy) 16

—————

peirãzv I test, tempt 38 peirasmÒw, -oË, ı test, temptation 21

—————

p°nte five (pentagon) 36 pentÆkonta fifty 5 pentakisx¤lioi five thousand 6

—————

perisseÊv I have an abundance, am rich 39 per¤sseuma, abundance, fullness 5

-atow, tÒ perissÒw, -Æ, -Òn abundant, superfluous 6 perissÒterow, greater, more 17

-a, -on perissot°rvw far greater, far more, 12

especially

—————

peritomÆ, -∞w, ≤ circumcision 36 perit°mnv I circumcise 17

—————

planãv I lead astray, deceive 39 plãnh, -hw, ≤ wandering, error, deceit (planet) 10

48


plãnow, -on deceitful; (as a noun) 5 deceiver, impostor

—————

ploÊsiow, rich 28-¤a, -on

ploËtow, -ou, ı riches (plutocracy) 22 plout°v I am rich, become rich 12

—————

7. prãssv I do, accomplish 39 prçjiw, -evw, ≤ acting, deed (practical) 6 prçgma, -atow, tÒ deed, thing (pragmatic) 11

—————

prÒ (with gen.) before, (prologue) 47 in front of

prÒterow, -a, -on earlier, former (prototype) 11

—————

skandal¤zv I cause to fall (scandalize) 29 skãndalon, -ou, tÒ that which gives offense, (scandal) 15

temptation to sin

—————

skÒtow, -ouw, tÒ darkness 31 skot¤a, -aw, ≤ darkness 16 skot¤zomai I am/become dark 5

—————

staurÒv I crucify 46 staurÒw, -oË, ı cross 27 sustaurÒv I crucify with 5

—————

strati≈thw, soldier 26-ou, ı

strãteuma, army 8-atow, tÒ

strateÊomai I serve in the army 7

49


strathgÒw, -oË, ı praetor, captain (strategy) 10

—————

t°low, -ouw, tÒ end 40 tel°v I finish, carry out 28 t°leiow, -a, -on complete, perfect 19 teleiÒv I complete, perfect 23 teleutãv I die 13 §pitel°v I end, complete 10 suntel°v I complete, fulfill 6 sunt°leia, -aw, ≤ completion, close 6

—————

t°ssarew four 30 tessarãkonta forty 15 t°tartow, -h, -on fourth 10 tetrakisx¤lioi four thousand 5 efikosit°ssarew twenty-four 6

—————

8. timÆ, -∞w, ≤ price, value, honor 41 t¤miow, -a, -on valuable, precious 13 timãv I honor (Timothy) 21 étimãzv I dishonor 7 étim¤a, -aw, ≤ dishonor 7 §pitimãv I rebuke, reprove 29 ¶ntimow, -on honored, valuable 5

—————

Ípotãssv I subject, subordinate 38 tãssv I place, order 8 tãjiw, -evw, ≤ order (syntax) 9 éntitãssomai I oppose 5 épotãssomai I say farewell, leave 6 diatãssv I order, direct 16 §pitãssv I order 10 §pitagÆ, -∞w, ≤ order 7 prostãssv I order 7

—————

50


fanerÒv I reveal, make known 49 fa¤nv I shine; (mid.) I appear, (phantom) 31

become visible fanerÒw, -ã, -Òn visible, clear 18 éfan¤zv I make invisible, unrecognizable 5 §mfan¤zv I reveal, make known 10 §pifãneia, -aw, ≤ appearance, appearing (epiphany) 6

—————

feÊgv I flee (fugitive) 29 §kfeÊgv I escape 8

—————

f¤low, -h, -on beloved, loving; (philosophy) 29 (as a noun) friend

fil°v I love, like; I kiss 25 f¤lhma, -atow, tÒ a kiss 7 katafil°v I kiss 6 filadelf¤a, -aw, ≤ love of brother or sister (Philadelphia, PA) 6

—————

9. fron°v I think 26 frÒnimow, -on sensible, thoughtful 14 êfrvn, -on foolish, ignorant 11 eÈfra¤nv I gladden; (pass.) I am glad 14 katafron°v I despise, scorn 9 svfron°v I am of sound mind 6

—————

fulakÆ, -∞w, ≤ watch, guard (prophylactic) 47 fulãssv I watch, guard 31 gazofulake›on, treasure room, treasury 5

-ou, tÒ

—————

fulÆ, -∞w, ≤ tribe, nation (phylum) 31 fÊsiw, -evw, ≤ nature 14 futeÊv I plant 11

—————

51


xre¤a, -aw, ≤ need, necessity 49 xrãomai I use 11 xrπzv I need 5 xr∞ma, -atow, tÒ property, money 6 xrhmat¤zv I reveal; I bear a name 9 xrhstÒw, -Æ, -Òn useful, good 7 xrhstÒthw, goodness, usefulness 10

-htow, ≤ paraxr∞ma immediately 18

—————

xrÒnow, -ou, ı time (chronicle) 54 xron¤zv I take time, delay 5

—————

x≈ra, -aw, ≤ country, land 28 xvr°v I make room, contain 10 xvr¤on, -ou, tÒ place, land, field 10

—————

xvr¤w without, apart from 41 xvr¤zv I divide, separate 13

III. F. Families With One or More WordsOccurring 10–25 Times

1. égalliãv I exult, am glad 11 égall¤asiw, exultation, joy 5

-evw, ≤

—————

émpel≈n, vineyard 23-«now, ı

êmpelow, -ou, ≤ vine 9

—————

énã (with acc.) up; (with 13 numbers) each, apiece

ênvyen from above, again 13

52


ênv above, upward 9 §pãnv above, over 19

—————

énãgkh, -hw, ≤ necessity, distress 18 énagkãzv I compel 9 énagka›ow, -a, -on necessary 8

—————

énair°v I take away, destroy 24 éfair°v I take away 10 §jair°v I take out; (mid.) I free 8 kayair°v I tear down, destroy 9 a·resiw, -evw, ≤ party, dissension (heresy) 9

—————

énaxvr°v I go away, take refuge 14 per¤xvrow, -on neighboring; (as a noun) 9

neighborhood

—————

ëpaj once 14 §fãpaj once for all 5

—————

érgÊrion, silver (Argentina) 20-ou, tÒ

êrgurow, -ou, tÒ silver 5

—————

ér°skv I please 17 eÈãrestow, -on pleasing, acceptable 9

—————

2. èrpãzv I seize, steal 14 ërpaj, -agow rapacious; (as a noun) robber 5

—————

éstÆr, -°row, ı star (astronomy) 24 éstrapÆ, -∞w, ≤ lightning 9

53


—————

basan¤zv I torture, torment 12 basanismÒw, torture, tormenting 6

-oË, ı

—————

boãv I call, shout 12 bohy°v I aid, help 8

—————

br«ma, -atow, food 17tÒ

br«siw, -evw, ≤ eating, rust, food 11

—————

g°mv I am full 11 gem¤zv I fill 8

—————

gÒnu, -atow, tÒ knee 12 gvn¤a, -aw, ≤ corner (trigonometry) 9

—————

deËte come (on)! 12 deËro come, come here 9

—————

§kkÒptv I cut off, cut down 10 épokÒptv I cut off 6 §gkÒptv I hinder, thwart 5 kÒptv I cut 8 prokÒptv I progress 6 proskÒptv I take offense at 8 prÒskomma, stumbling, offense 6

-atow, tÒ

—————

3. ßktow, -h, -on sixth 14 ßj six (six) 10 •jÆkonta sixty 6

54


—————

§kx°v I pour out 16 §kxÊnnomai I pour out 11

—————

§la¤a, -aw, ≤ olive tree 13 ¶laion, -ou, tÒ oil 11

—————

§leÊyerow, -°ra, -on free 23 §leuyer¤a, -aw, ≤ freedom 11 §leuyerÒv I free, set free 7

—————

§nteËyen from here 10 §nyãde here 8

—————

¶painow, -ou, ı praise 11 §pain°v I praise 6 afin°v I praise 8

—————

§paÊrion tomorrow 17 aÎrion tomorrow 14

—————

¶peita then 16 e‰ta then, next 15

—————

§pisk°ptomai I oversee, care for 11 §p¤skopow, -ou, ı overseer, bishop (episcopal) 5 skop°v I look out for, notice (cf. telescope) 6

—————

§pitr°pv I permit 18 §ktr°pomai I turn, turn away 5 §ntr°pv I shame; (mid.) I respect 9 trÒpow, -ou, ı manner, kind 13

55


—————

eÈs°beia, piety, godliness 15-aw, ≤

s°bomai I worship 10 és°beia, -aw, ≤ ungodliness, impiety 6 ésebÆw, -°w godless, impious 9

—————

4. z∞low, -ou, ı zeal, jealousy (zeal) 16and z∞low, -ouw, tÒ

zhlÒv I am zealous, jealous 11 zhlvtÆw, -oË, ı zealot (zealot) 8

—————

zÊmh, -hw, ≤ yeast, leaven (enzyme) 13 êzumow, -on unleavened 9

—————

yãptv I bury 11 tãfow, -ou, ı grave, tomb (epitaph) 7

—————

yem°liow, foundation 15-ou, ı

yem°lion, -ou, tÒ foundation 11 yemeliÒv I lay a foundation 5

—————

yer¤zv I harvest 21 yerismÒw, -oË, ı harvest 13

—————

yhsaurÒw, treasure (thesaurus) 17-oË, ı

yhsaur¤zv I store up 8

—————

ka¤v I burn 12 kataka¤v I burn down, consume 12

56


—————

kataisxÊnv I put to shame, dishonor 13 afisxÊnomai I am ashamed 5 afisxÊnh, -hw, ≤ shame 6 §paisxÊnomai I am ashamed 11

—————

katantãv I come to, approach 13 sunantãv I meet, happen 6 Ípantãv I meet, fight, oppose 10

—————

kathgor°v I accuse (cf. categorical) 23 katÆgorow, -ou, ı accuser 5

—————

ke›mai I lie, recline 24 énãkeimai I lie, recline 14 sunanãkeimai I recline with 7 ént¤keimai I am opposed 8 §p¤keimai I lie upon, press upon 7 katãkeimai I lie down 12 koimãomai I sleep, fall asleep, die (cemetery) 18 per¤keimai I lie around; I wear 5 prÒkeimai I lie before, am present 5

—————

5. kenÒw, -Æ, -Òn empty 18 kenÒv I empty 5

—————

klãv I break 14 klãsma, -atow, tÒ fragment 9 klãdow, -ou, ı branch 11

—————

kle¤v I shut, lock 16 kle¤w, -dÒw, ≤ key 6

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—————

kl°pthw, -ou, ı thief (kleptomaniac) 16 kl°ptv I steal 13

—————

klhronom°v I inherit, acquire 18 klhronom¤a, -aw, ≤ inheritance, possession 14 klhronÒmow, -ou, ı heir 15 kl∞row, -ou, ı lot, share 11

—————

koinvn¤a, -aw, ≤ communion, fellowship, 19 participation

koinvn°v I share, participate 8 koinvnÒw, -oË, companion, partner 10

ı and ≤ koinÒw, -Æ, -Òn communal, common (Koine Greek) 14 koinÒv I make common, defile 14

—————

kopiãv I work 23 kÒpow, -ou, ı trouble, work 18 eÈkop≈terow, -on easier 7

—————

krÊptv I hide 19 kruptÒw, -Æ, -Òn hidden, secret (crypt) 17

—————

kt¤siw, -evw, ≤ creation, creature 19 kt¤zv I create 15

—————

latreÊv I serve (cf. idolater) 21 latre¤a, -aw, ≤ service, worship 5

—————

lÊxnow, -ou, ı lamp 14 luxn¤a, -aw, ≤ lampstand 12

—————

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6. makroyum¤a, patience, steadfastness 14-aw, ≤

makroyum°v I wait patiently 10 makrãn far away 10 makrÒyen from far away 14 makrÒw, -ã, -Òn long 5

—————

m°lei it is a care 10 metam°lomai I regret, repent 6

—————

merimnãv I am anxious; I care for 19 m°rimna, -hw, ≤ anxiety, care 6

—————

m°tron, -ou, tÒ measure (metric) 14 metr°v I measure 11

—————

moixeÊv I commit adultery 15 moixal¤w, -¤dow, ≤ adulteress 7

—————

mvrÒw, -ã, -Òn foolish, stupid (moron) 12 mvr¤a, -aw, ≤ foolishness 5

—————

n°ow, -a, -on new, young (neoclassical) 24 nean¤skow, -ou, ı youth, young man 11

—————

nhsteÊv I fast 20 nhste¤a, -aw, ≤ fasting 6

—————

numf¤ow, -ou, ı bridegroom 16 nÊmfh, -hw, ≤ bride (nymph) 8

—————

j°now, -h, -on strange, foreign 14 jen¤zv I entertain; I surprise 10

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—————

jhra¤nv I dry, dry up 15 jhrÒw, -ã, -Òn dry (xerography) 8

—————

˜rion, -ou, tÒ region 12 ır¤zv I determine, appoint (horizon) 8 proor¤zv I predestine 6

—————

7. palaiÒw, -ã, -Òn old (paleolithic) 19 pãlai long ago, for a long time 7

—————

paÊv I cease (pause) 15 énapaÊv I give rest, refresh 12 énãpausiw, rest, resting place 5

-evw, ≤ katãpausiw, rest, resting place 9

-evw, ≤

—————

peny°v I grieve, mourn 10 p°nyow, -ouw, tÒ grief, mourning 5

—————

p°ran across 23 diaperãv I cross over 6

—————

peteinÒn, bird 14-oË, tÒ

p°tomai I fly 5

—————

pleonej¤a, greediness, covetousness 10-aw, ≤

pleonãzv I am/become more; I increase 9 pleonekt°v I take advantage of, outwit 5

—————

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plhgÆ, -∞w, ≤ blow, wound (plague) 22 §kplÆssomai I am amazed, overwhelmed 13

—————

poimÆn, shepherd 18-°now, ı

poima¤nv I tend, pasture 11 po¤mnh, -hw, ≤ flock 5 po¤mnion, -ou, tÒ flock 5

—————

pÒlemow, -ou, ı war (polemics) 18 polem°v I make war 7

—————

porne¤a, -aw, ≤ prostitution, unchastity (pornography) 25 porneÊv I practice prostitution, 8

am sexually immoral pÒrnh, -hw, ≤ prostitute 12 pÒrnow, -ou, ı a sexually immoral person 10

—————

8. pul≈n, -«now, gate, gateway 18ı

pÊlh, -hw, ≤ gate, door 10

—————

salp¤zv I trumpet 12 sãlpigj, -iggow, ≤ trumpet 11

—————

seismÒw, -oË, ı shaking, earthquake (seismic) 14 se¤v I shake, agitate 5

—————

skeËow, -ouw, tÒ vessel, jar 23 kataskeuãzv I prepare, furnish 11 paraskeuÆ, -∞w, ≤ preparation 6

—————

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skhnÆ, -∞w, ≤ tent, dwelling, tabernacle (scene) 20 skhnÒv I live, dwell 5

—————

splagxn¤zomai I feel sympathy for 12 splãgxnon, heart; love, sympathy 11

-ou, tÒ

—————

9. spoudÆ, -∞w, ≤ haste; eagerness 12 spoudãzv I hasten; I am eager 11 speÊdv I hasten 6

—————

sfrag¤w, seal 16-›dow, ≤

sfrag¤zv I seal 15

—————

sx¤zv I split, divide (schizophrenia) 11 sx¤sma, -atow, tÒ split, division (schism) 8

—————

tapeinÒv I make low, humble 14 tapeinÒw, -Æ, -Òn lowly, humble 8 tapeinofrosÊnh, humility 7

-hw, ≤

—————

tax°vw quickly 15 tãxow, -ouw, tÒ speed, quickness 8 taxËw, -e›a, -Ê quick 13

—————

trofÆ, -∞w, ≤ food 16 tr°fv I feed, support 9

—————

tugxãnv I meet, happen 12 §ntugxãnv I appeal to 5 §pitugxãnv I obtain, attain to 5

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—————

tÊpow, -ou, ı image, copy (type) 15 tÊptv I strike, beat 13

—————

Ígia¤nv I am healthy, sound (cf. hygiene) 12 ÍgiÆw, -°w healthy, sound 12

—————

10. Íster°v I am in need, fail; (pass.) I lack 16 Íst°rhma, -atow, need 9 tÒ Ïsterow, -a, -on second, later, finally 12

—————

ÍcÒv I lift up 20 ÍchlÒw, -Æ, -Òn high 11 Ïcistow, -h, -on highest, most exalted 13 Ïcow, -ouw, tÒ height 6

—————

foneÊv I murder, kill 12 fÒnow, -ou, ı murder, killing 9 foneÊw, -°vw, ı murderer 7

—————

xiliãw, -ãdow, ≤ (a group of) a thousand 23 x¤lioi, -ai, -a thousands 8

—————

xortãzv I feed, fill; (pass.) I eat my fill 16 xÒrtow, -ou, ı grass, hay 15

—————

xrusoËw, -∞, golden (chrysanthemum) 18-oËn

xrus¤on, -ou, tÒ gold 12 xrusÒw, -oË, ı gold 10

—————

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ceÊdomai I lie (pseudonym) 12 ceËdow, -ouw, tÒ lie 10 ceÊsthw, -ou, ı liar 10 ceudoprofÆthw, false prophet (prophet) 11

-ou, ı

III. G. Families With One or More WordsOccurring 5–9 Times

1. ègnÒw, -Æ, -Òn pure, holy 8 ègn¤zv I purify 7

—————

égvn¤zomai I struggle, fight 8 ég≈n, -«now, ı contest, fight (cf. agony) 6

—————

ëlaw, -atow, tÒ salt (halite) 8 èlieÊw, -°vw, ı fisherman 5

—————

éle¤fv I anoint 9 §jale¤fv I wipe away, remove 5

—————

êmvmow, -on unblemished, blameless 8 êmemptow, -on blameless, faultless 5

—————

épãth, -hw, ≤ deception, deceitfulness 7 §japatãv I deceive, cheat 6

—————

bar°v I weigh down, burden (barometer) 6 bãrow, -ouw, tÒ weight, burden 6 barÊw, -e›a, -Ê heavy 6

—————

diar(r)Ægnumi I tear, break 5or diarÆssv

=Ægnumi I tear, break 7

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—————

diaskorp¤zv I scatter, disperse 9 skorp¤zv I scatter, distribute 5 skorp¤ow, -ou, ı scorpion (scorpion) 5

—————

diatr¤bv I spend; I stay 9 suntr¤bv I shatter, break 7

—————

§nãntiow, -a, -on against, opposed, hostile 8 §nant¤on before, in the sight of 8 kat°nanti opposite; before 8 ép°nanti opposite, against 5

—————

§pilanyãnomai I forget 8 lanyãnv I am hidden 6

—————

¶riw, -idow, ≤ strife, discord 9 §riye¤a, -aw, ≤ strife; selfishness 7

—————

2. z≈nh, -hw, ≤ belt, girdle (cf. zone) 8 periz≈nnumi I gird about 6

—————

≤d°vw gladly 5 ≤donÆ, -∞w, ≤ pleasure, lust (hedonism) 5

—————

yars°v I am courageous, cheerful 7 yarr°v I am confident, courageous 6

—————

yhlãzv I give suck, nurse 5 y∞luj, -eia, -u female; (as a noun) woman 5

—————

katãra, -aw, ≤ curse 6

65


katarãomai I curse 5

—————

kl¤nh, -hw, ≤ bed, couch (cf. recline) 9 kl¤nv I incline, bow; I decline 7 énakl¤nv I cause to lie down; 6

(pass.) I lie down katakl¤nv I cause to lie down; 5

(pass.) I lie down prvtoklis¤a, the place of honor 5

-aw, ≤

—————

kÒkkow, -ou, ı seed, grain 7 kÒkkinow, -h, -on red, scarlet 6

—————

kraugãzv I cry out, shout 9 kraugÆ, -∞w, ≤ cry, shout 6

—————

lampãw, -ãdow, torch, lamp (lamp) 9≤

lamprÒw, -ã, -Òn bright, shining 9 lãmpv I shine, shine out 7

—————

mastigÒv I whip, scourge 7 mãstij, -igow, ≤ scourging, torment 6

—————

3. meyermhneÊv I translate (cf. hermeneutics) 8 diermhneÊv I explain, translate 6

—————

metasxhmat¤zv I transform 5 eÈsxÆmvn, -on prominent, of high repute 5

—————

Ùkt≈ eight (octopus) 6 ˆgdoow, -h, -on eighth 5

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—————

Ùneid¤zv I reproach, insult 9 ÙneidismÒw, -oË, ı reproach, insult 5

—————

ÙjÊw, -e›a, -Ê sharp 8 ˆjow, -ouw, tÒ sour wine, vinegar 6

—————

skiã, -çw, ≤ shade, shadow 7 §piskiãzv I overshadow, cover 5

—————

sklhrÊnv I harden (multiple sclerosis) 6 sklhrÒw, -ã, -Òn hard, difficult 5

—————

stoixe›on, element; heavenly body 7-ou, tÒ

stoix°v I hold to, follow 5

—————

fye¤rv I destroy, ruin 9 fyartÒw, -Æ, -Òn perishable, corruptible 6 êfyartow, -h, -on imperishable, incorruptible 8 éfyars¤a, -aw, ≤ incorruptibility, immortality 7 diafye¤rv I destroy, ruin 6 diafyorã, -çw, ≤ destruction, corruption 6 fyorã, -çw, ≤ destruction 9

—————

xr¤v I anoint (christen) 5 ént¤xristow, antichrist5 (antichrist) 5

-ou, ı

—————

calmÒw, -oË, ı song of praise, psalm (psalm) 7 cãllv I sing 5

5 Note that the proper noun XristÒw, “Messiah, Christ,” is also a member of this word family.

67


—————

”dÆ, -∞w, ≤ song (ode) 7 õdv I sing 5

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Part Four

New Testament Greek Vocabulary without Cognate, Listed by Frequency

IV. A. Words Occurring 400 or More Times

épÒ (with gen.) from, away from (apostasy) 646gãr for 1042d° but, and (frequently untranslated) 2801diã (with gen.) through; (with acc.) (diameter) 668

because of, for the sake of§n (with dat.) in (cf. in) 2757§p¤ (with gen.) over, upon; (epigraph) 891

(with dat.) on, in; (with acc.) on, against

yeÒw, -oË, ı God, god (theology) 1318oÔn therefore, then 501

IV. B. Words Occurring 155–399 Times

énÆr, -drow, ı man (android) 216gunÆ, -aikÒw, ≤ woman (gynecologist) 215¶ynow, -ouw, tÒ nation, the Gentiles (ethnic) 162eÂw, m¤a, ßn1 one 346eÍr¤skv I find, discover (heuristic) 176≥ or, either 344kard¤a, -aw, ≤ heart (cardiologist) 157ˆxlow, -ou, ı multitude 175parã (with gen.) from; (with dat.) at, (parasite) 194

by; (with acc.) by, near

1 These three gender-forms of “one” are in reality three separate words, as can readily be seen from their different forms. Each has its own cognates, e.g., oÈde›w, oÈdem¤a, oÈd°n, respectively. They are shown together here to aid memorization.

69

Vocabulary Without Cognate, Listed by Frequency

per¤ (with gen.) about, concerning; (perimeter) 333 (with acc.) around, near

pÒliw, -evw, ≤ city (politics) 164pr«tow, -h, -on first (prototype) 156t° and 215xe¤r, xeirÒw, ≤ hand 178

IV. C. Words Occurring 100–154 Times

émÆn so let it be, truly, amen (amen) 130ßvw until 146laÒw, -oË, ı people (cf. laity) 142m°llv I am about to, intend 109mÒnow, -h, -on only, alone (monotone) 115nekrÒw, -ã, -Òn dead (necrology) 128˜low, -h, -on whole, complete (hologram) 110pãlin again 141sÊn (with dat.) with (syntax) 128s«ma, -atow, tÒ body (psychosomatic) 142Íp°r (with gen.) on behalf of; (hyperactive) 150

(with acc.) aboveÀra, -aw, ≤ hour (horoscope) 106

IV. D. Words Occurring 50–99 Times

aÂma, -atow, tÒ blood (hemoglobin) 97ékolouy°v I follow (acolyte) 90épokte¤nv I kill 74êrtow, -ou, ı bread 97gl«ssa, -hw, ≤ tongue, language (glossolalia) 50efirÆnh, -hw, ≤ peace (irenic) 92ßkastow, -h, -on each, every 82¶sxatow, -h, -on last (eschatology) 52ßterow, -a, -on other, another, different (heterosexual) 99¶ti yet, still 93yãlassa, -hw, ≤ sea 91yrÒnow, -ou, ı throne (throne) 62kairÒw, -oË, ı time, right time 86

70


kefalÆ, -∞w, ≤ head (encephalitis) 75makãriow, -a, -on blessed, happy 50mÆthr, -trÒw, ≤ mother (maternal) 83nÊj, nuktÒw, ≤ night (cf . nocturnal) 61ˆrow, -ouw, tÒ mountain, hill 63presbÊterow, old; (as a noun) elder (Presbyterian) 66

-a, -onproskun°v I worship 60sãbbaton, Sabbath, week (Sabbath) 68

-ou, tÒstÒma, -atow, tÒ mouth (stomach) 78tÒpow, -ou, ı place (topography) 94tuflÒw, -Æ, -Òn blind 50Ïdvr, -atow, tÒ water (hydroelectric) 78

IV. E. Words Occurring 26–49 Times

1. égrÒw, -oË, ı field, farm 37 ênemow, -ou, ı wind 31 ëptv I kindle; I touch, hold 39 êra so, then 49 érn¤on, -ou, tÒ sheep, lamb 30 êrti now, just 36 êxri until 49 bastãzv I bear 27 g° (usually untranslatable particle, 28

emphasizing the word it follows) ¶tow, -ouw, tÒ year 49 ¥kv I have come, am present 26 ¥liow, -ou, ı sun 32 yerapeÊv I care for, heal (therapeutic) 43 yhr¤on, -ou, tÒ animal 46 yugãthr, daughter (cf. daughter) 28

-trÒw, ≤ yÊra, -aw, ≤ door (cf. door) 39 flkanÒw, -Æ, -Òn sufficient, large 39 kainÒw, -Æ, -Òn new 42

71


keleÊv I command, urge 26 k≈mh, -hw, ≤ village 27

2. mãxaira, -hw, ≤ sword 29 m°low, -ouw, tÒ member, part 34 mikrÒw, -ã, -Òn small (microbe) 46 mis°v I hate (misanthrope) 40 misyÒw, -oË, ı wages 29 mustÆrion, mystery, secret rites (mystery) 28

-ou, tÒ na¤ yes, indeed 33 naÒw, -oË, ı temple 45 nikãv I conquer 28 o‰now, -ou, ı wine (cf. wine) 34 Ùl¤gow, -h, -on few, little (oligarchy) 41 ÙmnÊv/ˆmnumi I swear, take an oath 26 oÈa¤ woe, alas 47 oÔw, »tÒw, tÒ ear 37 plÆn but, except 31 prÒbaton, -ou, tÒ sheep 39 ptvxÒw, -Æ, -Òn poor 34 xÆra, -aw, ≤ widow 27

IV. F. Words Occurring 10–25 Times

1. êkanya, -hw, ≤ thorn-plant 14 ékrobust¤a, uncircumcision, the Gentiles 20

-aw, ≤ él°ktvr, cock, rooster 12

-orow, ı ëlusiw, -evw, ≤ chain 11 ëma together 10 émfÒteroi, both, all 14

-ai, -a ént¤ (with gen.) in place of, for (antichrist) 22 ériymÒw, -oË, ı number (arithmetic) 18 és°lgeia, -aw, ≤ licentiousness, sensuality 10 éskÒw, -oË, ı wine-skin 12

72


éten¤zv I look intently, gaze 14 aÈlÆ, -∞w, ≤ courtyard, court 12 aÈjãnv I grow, increase 23 éfor¤zv I separate (aphorism) 10 b¤ow, -ou, ı life (biology) 10 brontÆ, -∞w, ≤ thunder (brontosaurus) 12 g°enna, -hw, ≤ Gehenna, hell (gehenna) 12 geÊomai I taste; I come to know 15 gumnÒw, -Æ, -Òn naked (gymnasium) 15 dãkruon -ou, tÒ tear 10 de›pnon, -ou, tÒ dinner, supper 16 d°ndron, -ou, tÒ tree (rhododendron) 25 d°rv I beat 15 despÒthw, -ou, ı lord, master (despot) 10 dhnãrion, -ou, tÒ denarius (denarius) 16 d¤ktuon, -ou, tÒ net 12 dicãv I thirst 16 dÒlow, -ou, ı deceit 11 drãkvn, -ontow, ı dragon (dragon) 13

2. §ãv I permit; I let go, leave alone 11 ¶yow, -ouw, tÒ custom, law (ethic) 12 efik≈n -Ònow, ≤ image (icon) 23 •katÒn one hundred 11 §kte¤nv I extend 16 §lãxistow, smallest, least 14

-¤sth, -iston §l°gxv I expose, convict, convince 17 ¶natow, -h, -on ninth 10 ßneken or ßneka (with gen.) because of, 19

for the sake of §niautÒw, -oË, ı year 14 ¶noxow, -on liable, guilty 10 §p¤stamai I know, understand 14 yr¤j, trixÒw, ≤ hair 15 ·ppow, -ou, ı horse (hippopotamus) 17 fixyÊw, -Êow, ı fish 20

73


kayãper as, just as 13 kayeÊdv I sleep 22 kãlamow, -ou, ı reed 12 kapnÒw, -oË, ı smoke 13 katart¤zv I mend, fit, perfect 13 k°raw, -atow, tÒ horn (triceratops) 11 kerda¤nv I gain 17 koil¤a, -aw, ≤ womb, belly 22 kollãomai I cling to, join 12 kom¤zv I receive 10 krãbattow, mattress, bed 11

-ou, ı kvlÊv I hinder, forbid 23 kvfÒw, -Æ, -Òn mute, deaf 14 leukÒw, -Æ, -Òn white (leukemia) 25 l˙stÆw, -oË, ı robber 15 l¤an very (much) 12 l¤mnh, -hw, ≤ lake 11 limÒw, -oË, ≤ hunger, famine 12

3. m°xri until 17 mÆn, mhnÒw, ı month (menopause) 18 mÊron, -ou, tÒ ointment, perfume (myrrh) 14 nef°lh, -hw, ≤ cloud 25 nÆpiow, -¤a, -ion infant, minor 15 n¤ptv I wash 17 nÒsow, -ou, ≤ disease, illness 11 jÊlon, -ou, tÒ wood, tree; cross (xylophone) 20 ÙdoÊw, ÙdÒntow, ı tooth (orthodontist) 12 ˜rkow, -ou, ı oath 10 ˆfiw, -evw, ı snake, serpent 14 Ùc¤a, -aw, ≤ evening 14 pary°now, -ou, virgin (the Parthenon) 15

≤ and ı patãssv I strike 10 peinãv I hunger 23 peristerã, -çw, ≤ pigeon, dove 10

74


p°tra, -aw, ≤ rock, stone (Peter) 15 phgÆ, -∞w, ≤ spring, fountain 11 piãzv I seize, catch 12 plhs¤on near 17 poik¤low, -h, -on manifold 10 potamÒw, -oË, ı river, stream (hippopotamus) 17 pra@thw, -htow, ≤ gentleness, humility, 11 meekness pr¤n before 13 proskarter°v I hold fast to 10 prv˝ early (in the morning) 12 punyãnomai I ask 12 pvl°v I sell (monopoly) 22 p«low, -ou, ≤ ass’s foal, young donkey 12

4. =abb¤ rabbi (rabbi) 15 =ãbdow, -ou, ≤ rod, staff 12 =¤za, -hw, ≤ root 17 =Êomai I save 17 saleÊv I shake 15 sigãv I am silent, still 10 s›tow, -ou, ı wheat, grain 14 sivpãv I am silent 10 st°fanow, -ou, ı crown (Stephen) 18 sthr¤zv I establish, strengthen (steroids) 13 suk∞, -∞w, ≤ fig tree 16 sfãzv I slaughter 10 sfÒdra very (much) 11 tãlanton, -ou, tÒ talent (talent) 14 tarãssv I trouble 18 tel≈nhw, -ou, ı tax collector 21 t°raw, -atow, tÒ wonder 16 tolmãv I dare 16 trãpeza, -hw, ≤ table 15 tr°xv I run (cf. trek) 20 Íphr°thw, servant, assistant 20

-ou, ı

75


fe¤domai I spare 10 fiãlh, -hw, ≤ bowl (vial) 12 xe¤rvn, -on worse 11 xit≈n, -«now, ı tunic 11 xo›row, -ou, ı swine 12 xvlÒw, -Æ, -Òn lame 14 Œ O! Oh! (O!) 17 »fel°v I help 15

IV. G. Words Occurring 5–9 Times

1. êbussow, -ou, ≤ abyss, underworld (abyss) 9 éganakt°v I am indignant 7 ég°lh, -hw, ≤ herd 7 éetÒw, -oË, ı eagle 5 éÆr, é°row, ı air (air) 7 afigialÒw, -oË, ı shore 6 ékrib«w accurately, carefully 9 êkron, -ou, tÒ high point, limit (acrophobia) 6 êmmow, -ou, ≤ sand 5 énektÒterow, -on more bearable, endurable 5 ényÊpatow, -ou, ı proconsul 5 èplÒthw, -htow, ≤ sincerity 8 épodhm°v I journey 6 époyÆkh, -hw, ≤ storehouse, barn (apothecary) 6 époster°v I steal 6 épvy°omai I repudiate 6 érgÒw, -Æ, -Òn idle 8 éretÆ, -∞w, ≤ virtue 5 érk°v I am enough, suffice 8 êrrvstow, -on sick 5 êrshn, -enow, ı male 9 ésÊnetow, -on foolish (cf. asinine) 5 ésfalÆw, -°w safe, firm 5 éformÆ, -∞w, ≤ occasion, opportunity 7 bãyow, -ouw, tÒ depth (bath) 8 bãrbarow, -on strange, foreign (barbarian) 6

76


bãtow, -ou, ≤ thornbush 5 bd°lugma, -atow, abomination 6

tÒ

2. bÒskv I tend, feed 9 boËw, -Òw, ı ox; (fem.) cow (cf. bovine) 8 braxÊw, -e›a, -Ê short, little 7 br°fow, -ouw, tÒ baby 8 br°xv I send rain 7 brugmÒw, -oË, ı gnashing 7 bÊssinow, -h, -on made of fine linen 5 gãla, -aktow, tÒ milk (galaxy) 5 gastÆr, -trÒw, ≤ belly, womb (gastric) 9 goggÊzv I murmur 8 dãktulow, -ou, ı finger (pterodactyl) 8 dapanãv I spend freely 5 dhlÒv I make clear 7 d¤w twice (cf. di-) 6 dokÒw, -oË, ≤ beam 6 dr°panon, sickle 8

-ou, tÒ d«ma, -atow, tÒ roof, housetop (dome) 7 §gkentr¤zv I graft 6 efikª in vain 6 §kmãssv I wipe 5 §laÊnv I drive, row 5 ßlkv I draw 8 §mbrimãomai I warn; I am deeply moved 5 §mptÊv I spit on (or) at 6 §ja¤fnhw suddenly, unexpectedly 5 ¶peimi I come after 5 §pieikÆw, -°w gentle 5 §pipoy°v I desire 9 §pixorhg°v I provide, give, support 5 §raunãv I search, examine 6 §syÆw, -∞tow, ≤ clothing 8 eÔ well (eulogy) 6

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eÈnoËxow, -ou, ı eunuch (eunuch) 8 ¶xidna, -hw, ≤ viper 5

3. zhmiÒomai I forfeit 6 zizãnion, -ou, tÒ weed 8 zÒfow, -ou, ı darkness 5 zugÒw, -oË, ı yoke 6 ≤lik¤a, -aw, ≤ age, stature 8 ¥misuw, -eia, -u half (hemisphere) 5 ≤suxãzv I am quiet 5 ye›on, -ou, tÒ sulphur 7 yerma¤nomai I warm myself (cf. thermometer) 6 yÒrubow, -ou, ı noise, turmoil 7 y≈raj, -akow, ı breastplate (thorax) 5 ‡sow, -h, -on equal (isometrics) 8 kãmhlow, -ou, ı camel (camel) 6 kãrfow, -ouw, tÒ speck, chip 6 katap°tasma, curtain 6

-atow, tÒ kathx°v I teach (catechize) 8 k∞pow, -ou, ı garden 5 kibvtÒw, -oË, ≤ ark 6 k¤ndunow, -ou, ı danger 9 kin°v I move (kinetic) 8 kolaf¤zv I strike 5 kÒlpow, -ou, ı breast, chest 6 koniortÒw, -oË, ı dust 5

4. korãsion, -ou, tÒ little girl 8 kÒfinow, -ou, ı basket (coffin) 6 krãspedon, -ou, tÒ hem, tassel 5 kremãnnumi I hang 7 kroÊv I knock 9 ktãomai I acquire 7 kÊklƒ (all) around (cycle) 8 kËma, -atow, tÒ wave 5 kÊvn, -nÒw, ı dog (cynic) 5

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leprÒw, -ã, -Òn leprous (leper) 9 l°vn, -ontow, ı lion (lion) 9 lhnÒw, -oË, ≤ wine-press 5 loÊv I wash, bathe 5 lÊkow, -ou, ı wolf 6 mãgow, -ou, ı Magus; magician (magic) 6 ma¤nomai I am mad (cf. mania) 5 margar¤thw, -ou, ı pearl (Margaret) 9 mãtaiow, -a¤a, idle, useless 6

-aion meyÊv I am drunk (methyl alcohol) 7 m°law, -aina, -an black (melancholy) 6 mestÒw, -Æ, -Òn full 9 mia¤nv I defile 5 mimhtÆw, -oË, ı imitator (cf. mime) 6 mnç, mnçw, ≤ mina 9 mÒliw with difficulty, scarcely 6 mÒsxow, -ou, ı calf 6 mËyow, -ou, ı tale, myth (myth) 5 muriãw, -ãdow, ≤ ten thousand, myriad (myriad) 8

5. n∞sow, -ou, ≤ island 9 nÆfv I am sober, self-controlled 6 nÒtow, -ou, ı south, south wind 7 ÙyÒnion, -ou, tÒ linen cloth 5 ofiktirmÒw, -oË, ı mercy 5 ˆnar, tÒ dream (only in nom. and acc.) 5 ˆnow, -ou, ı/≤ donkey 5 ˜plon, -ou, tÒ weapon 6 ırmãv I set out, rush 5 ˜siow, -¤a, -on devout, holy 8 ÙsmÆ, -∞w, ≤ odor 6 ÙsfËw, -Êow, ≤ waist, loins 8 oÈrã, -çw, ≤ tail 5 Ùcãrion, -ou, tÒ fish 5 pag¤w, -¤dow, ≤ trap 5 pa¤v I strike, wound 5

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parakÊptv I bend over 5 paroim¤a, -aw, ≤ proverb, figure 5 penyerã, -çw, ≤ mother-in-law 6 pepo¤yhsiw, confidence 6

-evw, ≤ phlÒw, -oË, ı clay, mud 6 pÆra, -aw, ≤ bag 6 p¤naj, -akow, ≤ dish 5 piprãskv I sell 9 plate›a, -aw, ≤ street (place) 9 pleurã, -çw, ≤ side (pleurisy) 5 prait≈rion, -ou, praetorium 8

tÒ pr°pv I am fitting 7

6. pta¤v I stumble 5 pt°ruj, -ugow, ≤ wing (pterodactyl) 5 pvrÒv I harden 5 =¤ptv I throw down 7 =omfa¤a, -aw, ≤ sword 7 saprÒw, -ã, -Òn rotten 8 sb°nnumi I extinguish 8 selÆnh, -hw, ≤ moon 9 sidhroËw, -ç, -oËn iron 5 s¤napi, -evw, tÒ mustard 5 sind≈n, Ònow, ≤ linen cloth, tunic, shirt 6 spe›ra, -hw, ≤ cohort 7 spÆlaion, -ou, tÒ cave, den (cf. spelunker) 6 spur¤w, -¤dow, ≤ basket 5 stãdion, -ou, tÒ stade, 192 meters (stadium) 7 stãxuw, -uow, ı head, ear (of grain) 5 ste›ra, -aw, ≤ barren (cf. sterile) 5 stenãzv I sigh, groan 6 st∞yow, -ouw, tÒ chest, breast (stethoscope) 5 strvnnÊv I spread 6 sumbibãzv I unite; I conclude 7 sumpn¤gv I crowd out, choke out 5

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sÊrv I draw 5 te›xow, -ouw, tÒ (city) wall 9 trãxhlow, -ou, ı neck, throat (trachea) 7 trÒmow, -ou, ı trembling (tremor) 5 tr≈gv I eat (audibly) 6

7. Íbr¤zv I treat arrogantly, insult (cf. hubris) 5 ÍetÒw, -oË, ı rain (cf. wet) 5 ÍperÆfanow, -on arrogant, haughty 5 Ïpnow, -ou, ı sleep (hypnotism) 6 faËlow, -h, -on worthless, evil 6 fyãnv I arrive; I precede 7 fyÒnow, -ou, ı envy 9 fimÒv I muzzle; 7

(pass.) I am silenced flÒj, flogÒw, ≤ flame 7 fr°ar, -atow, tÒ a well 7 fÊllon, -ou, tÒ leaf (chlorophyll) 6 fÊrama, -atow, tÒ dough 5 fusiÒv I puff up, make proud 7 xalãv I let down 7 xalkÒw, -oË, ı brass, bronze, money 5 xãragma, -atow, tÒ mark, stamp (cf. character) 8 xe›low, -ouw, tÒ lip 7 xeim≈n, -«now, ı winter, stormy weather 6 …sannã hosanna! 6

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Part Five

Proper Nouns, Adjectives and AdverbsListed below in alphabetical order are the proper words that occur fi ve or

more times in the New Testament. For most words, the student can rather easily move from the Greek to the English with a minimum of study.

ÉAar≈n, indecl., ı Aaron 5ÉAbraãm, indecl., ı Abraham 73ÉAgr¤ppaw, -a, ı Agrippa 11ÉAdãm, indecl., ı Adam 9AfigÊptiow, -›a, -ion Egyptian 5A‡guptow, -ou, ≤ Egypt 25ÉAkÊlaw, acc. -an, ı Aquila 6ÉAl°jandrow, -ou, ı Alexander 6ÑAlfa›ow, -ou, ı Alphaeus 5ÉAnan¤aw, -ou, ı Ananias 11ÉAndr°aw, -ou, ı Andrew 13ÉAntiÒxeia, -aw, ≤ Antioch 18ÉApoll«w, -«, ı Apollos 10ÉAr¤starxow, -ou, ı Aristarchus 5ÖArtemiw, -idow, ≤ Artemis 5ÉAs¤a, -aw, ≤ Asia 18ÉAxa˝a, -aw, ≤ Achaia 10Babul≈n, -«now, ≤ Babylon 12Barabbçw,-ç, ı Barabbas 11Barnabçw, -ç, ı Barnabas 28BeelzeboÊl, indecl., ı Beelzebub 7Bhyan¤a, -aw, ≤ Bethany 12Bhyl°em, indecl., ≤ Bethlehem 8BhysaÛdã, indecl., ≤ Bethsaida 7GãÛow, -ou, ı Gaius 5

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Galila¤a, -aw, ≤ Galilee 61Galila›ow, -a, -on Galilean 11DamaskÒw, -oË, ≤ Damascus 15Dau¤d, indecl., ı David 59ÑEbraÛst¤ in Hebrew or Aramaic 7ÉElisãbet, indecl., ≤ Elizabeth 9ÜEllhn, -hnow, ı a Greek 25ÉEf°siow, -¤a, -ion Ephesian 5ÖEfesow, -ou, ı Ephesus 16Zaxar¤aw, -ou, ı Zechariah 11Zebeda¤ow, -ou, ı Zebedee 12ÉHl¤aw, -ou, ı Elijah 29ÑHr–dhw, -ou, ı Herod 43ÑHrƒdiãw, -ãdow, ≤ Herodias 6ÉHsa˝aw, -ou, ı Isaiah 22Yessalon¤kh, -hw, ≤ Thessalonica 5Yvmçw, -ç, ı Thomas 11ÉIak≈b, indecl., ı Jacob 27ÉIãkvbow, -ou, ı James 42ÉIãsvn, -onow, ı Jason 5ÉIerix≈, indecl., ≤ Jericho 7ÑIerosÒluma, indecl., tã / ≤ Jerusalem 62ÉIerousalÆm, indecl., ≤ Jerusalem 77ÉIessa¤, indecl., ı Jesse 5ÉIhsoËw, -oË, ı Jesus, Joshua 919ÉIkÒnion, -ou, tÒ Iconium 6ÉIÒpph, -hw, ≤ Joppa 10ÉIordãnhw, -ou, ı Jordan 15ÉIouda¤a, -aw, ≤ Judea 44ÉIouda›ow, -a›a, -a›on Judean, Jewish 195ÉIoÊdaw, -a, ı Judah, Judas, Jude 45ÉIsaãk, indecl., ı Isaac 20ÉIskari≈thw, -ou, ı Iscariot 8ÉIsraÆl, indecl., ı Israel 68

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Proper Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs

ÉIsrahl¤thw, -ou, ı an Israelite 9ÉIvãnnhw, -ou, ı John 135ÉIvnçw, -ç, ı Jonah 9ÉIvsÆf, indecl., ı Joseph 35KaÛãfaw, -a, ı Caiaphas 9Ka›sar, -arow, ı emperor, Caesar 29Kaisãreia, -aw, ≤ Caesarea 17KafarnaoÊm, indecl., ≤ Capernaum 16Khfçw, -ç, ı Cephas 9Kilik¤a, -aw, ≤ Cilicia 8KÒrinyow, -ou, ≤ Corinth 6KornÆliow, -ou, ı Cornelius 8KrÆth, -hw, ≤ Crete 5KÊprow, -ou, ≤ Cyprus 5KurÆnaiow, -ou, ı a Cyrenian 6Lãzarow, -ou, ı Lazarus 15Laod¤keia, -aw, ≤ Laodicea 6Leu¤w, Leu¤, ı / Leu¤, indecl., ı Levi 6LÊstra, ≤ / tã Lystra 6MagdalhnÆ, -∞w, ≤ Magdalene, woman from Magdala 12Mayya›ow, -ou, ı Matthew 5Makedon¤a, -aw, ≤ Macedonia 22Maked≈n -Ònow, ı a Macedonian 5Mãrya, -aw, ≤ Martha 13Mar¤a, -aw, ≤ Mary 27Mariãm, indecl., ≤ Mary, Miriam 27Mçrkow, -ou, ı Mark 8Melxis°dek, indecl., ı Melchizedek 8Mv#s∞w, -°vw, ı Moses 80Nazar°y, indecl., ≤ Nazareth 6NazarhnÒw, -Æ, -Òn coming from Nazareth; 6

(as a noun) the Nazarene, inhabitant of Nazareth

Nazvra¤ow, -ou, ı Nazorean, Nazarene 13

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NayanaÆl, indecl., ı Nathanael 6NikÒdhmow, -ou, ı Nicodemus 5N«e, indecl., ı Noah 8Pamful¤a, -aw, ≤ Pamphylia 5PaËlow, -ou, ı Paul 158P°trow, -ou, ı Peter 156Pilçtow, -ou, ı Pilate 55ÑRvma›ow, -a, -on Roman 12ÑR≈mh, -hw, ≤ Rome 8Saddouka›ow, -ou, ı a Sadducee 14Samãreia, -aw, ≤ Samaria 11Samar¤thw, -ou, ı a Samaritan 9SaoÊl, indecl., ı Saul 9Satançw, -ç, ı the Adversary, Satan 36SaËlow, -ou, ı Saul 15Sid≈n, -«now, ≤ Sidon 9S¤law, -a, ı Silas 13S¤mvn, -vnow, ı Simon 75Si≈n, indecl., ≤ Zion 7SÒdoma, -vn, tã Sodom 9Solom≈n, -«now, ı Solomon 12St°fanow, -ou, ı Stephen 7Sume≈n, indecl., ı Simeon 7Sun°drion, -ou, tÒ council, high council, Sanhedrin 22Sur¤a, -aw, ≤ Syria 8TimÒyeow, -ou, ı Timothy 24T¤tow, -ou, ı Titus 13Trƒãw, -ãdow, ≤ Troas 6TÊrow, -ou, ≤ Tyre 11TuxikÒw, -oË, ı Tychicus 5Fara≈, indecl., ı Pharaoh 5Farisa›ow, -ou, ı a Pharisee 99F∞lij, -ikow, ı Felix 9F∞stow, -ou, ı Festus 13

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Proper Nouns, Adjectives and Adverbs

F¤lippow, -ou, ı Philip 36XristÒw, -oË, ı the Anointed One, the Messiah, 531

the Christ [cf. xr¤v and ént¤xristow]

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Part Six

Helps for Verb AnalysisAn important, and probably the most challenging, part of learning the

vocabulary of the Greek New Testament is learning the principal parts of numerous verbs. The student often learns these one by one in the daily lessons, but it is good to review them together. This section presents helps for learning and understanding the structure of verbs. First is a chart on the principal parts, tense systems, and aspects of the regular verb; second is an explanation of the elements of verb structure, especially as they are used in parsing verbs; and third is a list of the principal parts of many important verbs, arranged by type.

A. Principal Parts, Tense Systems, and Aspects of the Regular Verb

lÊv 1. PRESENT SYSTEM a. Present tense (active, middle, passive) All moods Stem + ending (lu-omen) Indicative – continuing action in the present time Other forms – continuing action, time undetermined b. Imperfect tense (active, middle, passive) Augment + stem + ending (§-lu-omen) In the indicative mood only (continued action in past)

lÊsv 2. FUTURE SYSTEM Future tense (active & mid.) No subjunctive or imperative Stem + s + ending (lu-s-omen) Continued action or undefi ned action in future

¶lusa 3. FIRST AORIST SYSTEM 1st Aorist Tense (active & middle) All moods (Augment) + stem + s + a-type ending (§-lu-s-amen) Indicative (with augment) – undefi ned action in past Other moods (no augment) – undefined action, time

undetermined

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Helps for Verb Analysis

l°luka 4. FIRST PERFECT ACTIVE SYSTEM a. Perfect tense (active only) All moods Reduplication + stem + k + a-type ending

(le-lu-k-amen) Indicative – completed action in the present Other moods – completed action b. Pluperfect tense (active only) Augment + reduplication + stem + k + ending

(§-le-lu-k-eimen) In the indicative mood only (completed action in the

past)

l°lumai 5. PERFECT MIDDLE AND PASSIVE SYSTEM a. Perfect tense (middle and passive) All moods Reduplication + stem + middle-passive ending

(le-lu-meya) Indicative – completed action in the present Other moods – completed action b. Pluperfect tense (middle and passive) Augment + reduplication + stem + mid.-pass. ending

(§-le-lu-meya) In the indicative mood only (completed action in the

past)

§lÊyhn 6. FIRST PASSIVE SYSTEM a. Aorist tense (passive only) All moods (Augment) + stem + yh + active ending (§-lu-yh-men) Indicative (with augment) – undefi ned action in the past Other moods (no augment) – undefined action, time

undetermined b. Future tense (passive only) No subjunctive or imper ative Stem + yh + s + passive ending (lu-yh-s-omeya) Continued action in the future

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B. Elements of Verb Structure for Parsing

Students are often called upon to “parse” (analyze grammatically) verbs of all sorts. Here is an explanation of verb structure necessary for parsing effi ciently; it should be used for consolidation and review.

All verbs have some or all of the following elements:

1. Tense: Present, Imperfect, Future, Aorist, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect (rare)

2. Aspect: Continual, Undefi ned, Perfective

3. Voice: Active, Middle, Passive

4. Mood: Indicative, Subjunctive, Optative, Imperative, Infi nitive, Participle (Some grammarians do not consider the infi nitive and participle to be moods, but we will consider them so here for pedagogical reasons.)

5. Person: First, Second, Third

6. Number: Singular, Plural

All tenses occur in all voices, persons, and numbers, but some of the tenses occur in only a limited group of moods:

1. Present tense: all moods

2. Imperfect tense: Indicative mood only

3. Future tense: Indicative, Optative, Infi nitive, and Participle

4. Aorist tense: all moods

5. Perfect tense: all moods

6. Pluperfect tense: Indicative mood only

7. Future Perfect tense: Indicative, Optative, Infi nitive, and Participle (This tense is seldom used, and then almost always in the passive voice.)

Aspects of verbs are directly related to tense:

1. Continual aspect: Present, Imperfect and Future tenses

2. Undefi ned aspect: Aorist tense only

3. Perfective aspect: Perfect and Pluperfect tenses

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Helps for Verb Analysis

In order to parse and translate a verb correctly the student must be able to give the following information:

For Finite Verbs (i.e., indicative, subjunctive, optative, imperative): tense, aspect, voice, mood, person and number. Here, for example, is the parsing of lÊv:

Tense Aspect Voice Mood Person Number Present Continual Active Indicative First Singular

For Infinitives: tense, aspect, voice and “mood.” Here, for example, is lÊein:

Tense Aspect Voice “Mood” Present Continual Active Infi nitive

For Participles: tense, aspect, voice, “mood,” gender, number and case. Here, for example, is lÊvn:

Tense Aspect Voice “Mood” Gender Number CasePresent Continual Active Participle Masculine Singular Nominative

C. Principal Parts of Common Verbs, Arranged by Type

The Greek verb forms its principal parts in rather regular ways. Students who master these patterns will have come a good distance in learning to read rapidly, and understand, the New Testament. The following sections contain all the verbs in the New Testament that occur fi fty or more times; they represent fully all the different types of verbs. Where no form appears, that principal part does not occur in the New Testament. Hyphenated forms are found only in compounds.

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Building Your N

ew Testam

ent Greek V

ocabulary1. Omega-type verbs

Omega-type verbs are by far the most common type. Below are listed both active and middle forms occurring fi fty times or more. Although it does not occur more than fi fty times in the New Testament apart from compounds, lÊv is given fi rst as paradigmatic.

Present Future Aorist Perfect Active Perfect Middle Aorist Passive Meaning

lÊv lÊsv ¶lusa l°luka l°lumai §lÊyhn loose

êgv êjv ≥gagon -∑gmai ≥xyhn lead

ékoÊv ékoÊsv ≥kousa ékÆkoa ±koÊsyhn listen

éno¤gv éno¤jv én°ƒja én°ƒga én°ƒgmai éne–xyhn open

êrxv êrjv ≥rja rule

éspãzo mai ±spasã mhn salute

bapt¤zv bapt¤sv §bãptisa bebãptis mai §bapt¤ syhn baptize

bl°pv bl°cv ¶bleca see

g¤nomai genÆso mai §genÒmhn g°gona geg°nh mai §genÆyhn become

gin≈skv gn≈somai ¶gnvn ¶gnvka ¶gnvsmai §gn≈syhn know

grãfv grãcv ¶graca g°grafa g°grammai §grãfhn write

d°xomai §dejãmhn d°dhgmai §d°xyhn receive

didãskv didãjv §d¤daja §didãxyhn teach

dojãzv dojãsv §dÒjasa dedÒjas mai §dojã syhn glorify

dÊnamai dunÆso mai §dunÆyhn be able

eÈaggel¤ zv eÈhgg°li sa eÈhgg°li smai eÈhggel¤ syhn preach good news

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erb Analysis

khrÊssv khrÊjv §kÆruja kekÆrug mai §khrÊ xyhn proclaim

krãzv krãjv ¶kraja k°kraga shout

p°mpv p°mcv ¶pemca §p°m fyhn send

pisteÊv pisteÊsv §p¤steusa pep¤steu ka pep¤steu mai §pisteÊ yhn believe

poreÊomai poreÊso mai pepÒreu mai §poreÊyhn proceed

proseÊxo mai proseÊjo mai proshu jã mhn worship

s–zv s≈sv ¶svsa s°svka s°svsmai §s≈yhn save

f°rv o‡sv ≥negka -enÆnoxa ±n°xyhn bring

xa¤rv xarÆso mai §xãrhn rejoice

2. Contract verbs A. Epsilon contracts

afit°v afitÆsv æthsa æthka ºtÆyhn ask

dok°v dÒjv ¶doja seem

zht°v zhtÆsv §zÆthsa §zhtÆ yhn seek

kal°v kal°sv §kãlesa k°klhka k°klhmai §klÆyhn call

lal°v lalÆsv §lãlh sa lelãlhka lelãlh mai §lalÆ yhn speak

martu r°v marturÆ sv §martÊ rhsa memartÊ rhka memartÊ rhmai §martu rÆyhn witness

peripa t°v peripa tÆsv periepã thsa walk

poi°v poiÆsv §po¤hsa pepo¤h ka pepo¤h mai do, make

thr°v thrÆsv §tÆrhsa tetÆrhka tetÆrh mai §thrÆyhn keep

fob°omai fobÆso mai §fobÆyhn fear

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Building Your N

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ocabulary B. Alpha contracts

égapãv égapÆsv ±gãphsa ±gãphka ±gãphmai ±gapÆyhn lovegennãv gennÆsv §g°nnhsa geg°nnhka geg°nnh mai §gennÆyhn beget

C. Omicron contracts

plhrÒv plhr≈ sv §plÆrv sa peplÆ rvka peplÆ rvmai §plhr≈ yhn fi ll, fulfi ll

3. Liquid verbs

a‡rv ér« ∑ra ∑rka ∑rmai ≥ryhn take up

épost°l lv épostel« ép°stei la ép°stal ka ép°stal mai épestã lhn send

§ge¤rv §ger« ≥geira §gÆgermai ±g°ryhn raise

y°lv ±y°lhsa will

kr¤nv krin« ¶krina k°krika k°krimai §kr¤yhn judge

m°nv men« ¶meina mem°nhka remain

spe¤rv sper« ¶speira ¶sparmai §spãrhn sow

4. Second Aorists

époynπ skv époya noËmai ép°yanon t°ynhka die

bãllv bal« ¶balon b°blhka b°blh mai §blÆyhn throw

¶rxomai §leÊso mai ∑lyon §lÆluya come

§sy¤v fãgomai ¶fagon eat

¶xv ßjv ¶sxon ¶sxhka have

lambãnv lÆmco mai ¶labon e‰lhfa take

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erb Analysis

l°gv §r« e‰pon e‡rhka e‡rhmai §rr°yhn say

ırãv ˆcomai e‰don •≈raka Êfyhn see

p¤nv p¤omai ¶pion p°pvka -p°pvmai -epÒyhn drink

p¤ptv pesoËmai ¶peson p°ptvka fall

5. MI-verbs

épÒllumi épol°sv ép≈lesa épÒlvla destroy

éf¤hmi éfÆsv éf∞ka éfe›ka éfe›mai éf°yhn forgive

d¤dvmi d≈sv ¶dvka d°dvka d°domai §dÒyhn give

·sthmi stÆsv ¶sthsa ¶sthka §stãyhn stand

t¤yhmi yÆsv ¶yhka t°yeika t°yeimai §t°yhn place

fhm¤ [a defective verb; the only other form that occurs in other principal parts is ¶fh, say the third singular of both the imperfect and the second aorist]

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Part Seven

Helps for Translating aujtov~ and Similar Words

I. The words and their meanings

A. aÈtÒw, aÈtÆ, aÈtÒ: he, she, it (personal pronoun) himself, herself, itself (intensive adjective

when in predicate position) same (identical adjective when in attributive

position)

B. •autoË, •aut∞w, •autoË: himself, herself, itself (refl exive pronoun; in genitive, dative and accusative cases only)

C. aÏth: this (demonstrative adjective/pronoun)

II. Examples of usage

A. aÈtÒw, aÈtÆ, aÈtÒ

Personal pronoun: ı énØr égapò tØn §kklhs¤an aÈtoË.“The man loves his church.”

aÈtÚw égapò tØn §kklhs¤an aÈtoË.“He loves his church.”

N.B.: aÈtÒw is used by itself here, apart from any relationship to the defi nite article. Its gender and number are determined by its antecedent; its case is determined by its use.

Intensive adjective (“-self”): ≤ gunØ aÈtØ égapò tØn §kklhs¤an.“The woman herself loves the church.”

aÈtØ ≤ gunØ égapò tØn §kklhs¤an.“The woman herself loves the church.”

N.B.: aÈtÒw is used in the predicate position when used to intensify the word it modifi es. It agrees in gender, number and case with this word.

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Helps for Translating aÈtÒw and Similar Words

Identical adjective (“same”): ı aÈtÚw énØr égapò tØn §kklhs¤an.“The same man loves the church.”

ı énØr égapò tØn aÈtØn §kklhs¤an.“The man loves the same church.”

N.B.: aÈtÒw normally is used in the attributive position; it agrees in gender, number and case with the noun it modifi es.

B. Refl exive pronoun: ≤ gunØ égapò •autÆn.“The woman loves herself.”

N.B.: The initial • is the defi nite clue.

C. Demonstrative pronoun: aÏth ≤ gunØ égapò tØn §kklhs¤an.“This woman loves the church.”

N.B.: The rough breathing and the accent over the initial diphthong are defi nite clues for the meaning “this.” Also, only the feminine nomina-tive forms aÏth and aÏtai look at all like aÈtÒw.

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Part Eight

Prepositions

A. Proper Prepositions

énã (with acc.) up;(with numbers) each, apiece

ént¤ (with gen.) in place of, for (antichrist)épÒ (with gen.) from, away from (apostasy)diã (with gen.) through; (diameter)

(with acc.) because of, for the sake ofefiw (with acc.) into, in (eisegesis)§k (with gen.) from, out of (exhale)§n (with dat.) in (in)§p¤ (with gen.) over, upon; (epigraph)

(with dat.) on, in;(with acc.) on, against

katã (with gen.) down, against; (catalytic)(with acc.) according to, along

metã (with gen.) with;(with acc.) after, behind (metaphysics)

parã (with gen.) from;(with dat.) at, by; (paramedic)(with acc.) by, near

per¤ (with gen.) about, concerning; (perimeter)(with acc.) around, near

prÒ (with gen.) before, in front of (prologue)prÒw (with dat.) near, at; (prosthetic)

(with acc.) to, towardsÊn (with dat.) with (synthesis)Íp°r (with gen.) on behalf of;

(with acc.) above (hyperactive)ÍpÒ (with gen.) by;

(with acc.) under (hypodermic)

97

Prepositions

B. Improper Prepositions

ëma togetherênv above, upwardép°nanti opposite, against§ggÊw near¶mprosyen in front of, beforeßneken, ßneka because of, for the sake of§n≈pion before§ktÒw outside (ectoplasm)¶jv outside, out¶jvyen from outside§pãnv above, over¶sv in, inside (esoteric)¶svyen inside, within; from withinßvw untilkÊklƒ (all) around (cycle)m°sow middle, in the middle (Mesopotamia)metajÊ betweenm°xri untilˆpisyen from behindÙp¤sv behind, backp°ran acrossplÆn exceptplhs¤on nearÍpokãtv underxãrin for the sake ofxvr¤w without, apart from

98

Part Nine

Conjunctions, Negatives and AdverbsA special challenge to the student of Greek is often posed by particles,

small words that are indeclinable, often compounded, and frequently similar to each other in Greek spelling and English meaning. Few, if any, have English derivatives. These words are important in reading and interpreting, and a little extra study to learn them carefully will pay good dividends. Most particles are conjunctions, negatives, or adverbs; these important particles from Parts Three and Four are presented again here for review.

Conjunctions

éllã but (strong adversative)d° and, but (mild adversative; postpositive [does not stand fi rst

in its clause]); m¢n . . . d°, “on the one hand . . . on the other hand”

ên (usually untranslatable, but with a generally conditional meaning such as “should, could”)

êra so, then (postpositive)gãr for (postpositive)g° indeed, even (postpositive)§ãn if (takes a verb in the subjunctive mood)e‡ if·na in order that, that (takes a verb in the subjunctive)ka¤ and, also, likewise (ka¤ . . . ka¤, “both . . . and”)˜ti that, because, sinceoÔn thereforeÀste therefore, so that

Negatives

oÈ no, not (used with indicative verbs; emphatic form is oÈx¤)oÈd° and not, nor (oÈd° . . . oÈd°, “neither . . . nor”;

all forms are used with indicative verbs)

99

Conjunctions, Negatives, and Adverbs

mÆ no, not (used with non-indicative verbs)mhd° and not, nor yet (mhd° . . . mhd°, “neither . . . nor”;

all forms are used with non-indicative verbs)

Adverbs

ênvyen again, from aboveeÈy°vw immediately≥dh now, alreadymãkroyen from afarmhk°ti no longer (used with non-indicative verbs)˜te whenoÈd°pote neveroÈk°ti no more, no longer (used with indicative verbs)oÎpv not yetpoË where? (note that this and the next three adverbs beginning

with p are interrogatives)pÒyen from where?pÒte when?p«w how?sÆmeron todaytÒte thenpãntote always

100

Part Ten

NumbersThe following numbers and related words from Parts Three and Four are

brought together here for greater ease in memorization and review.

—————

eÂw, m¤a, ßn one

—————

dÊo two (duet)deÊterow, -a, -on second (Deuteronomy)

—————

tre›w, tr¤a three (cf. Trinity)tr¤w three timestr¤tow, -h, -on thirdtriãkonta thirty

—————

t°ssarew fourtessarãkonta fortyt°tartow, -h, -on fourthtetrakisx¤lioi four thousandefikosit°ssarew twenty-four

—————

p°nte fi ve (pentagon)pentÆkonta fi ftypentakisx¤lioi fi ve thousand

—————

ßj sixßktow, -h, -on sixth•jÆkonta sixty

—————

101

Numbers

•ptã sevenßbdomow, -h, -on seventh

—————

Ùkt≈ eight (octopus)ˆgdoow, -h, -on eighth

—————

d°ka ten (decade)

—————

ßndeka eleven

—————

d≈deka twelve

—————

dekat°ssarew fourteen

—————

diakÒsioi, -ai, -a two hundredxiliãw, -ãdow, ≤ (a group of) a thousandx¤lioi, -ai, -a thousands

103

Index to Parts Three and FourAêbussow 75égayopoi°v 25égayÒw 25égall¤asiw 51égalliãv 51éganakt°v 75égapãv 25égãph 25égaphtÒw 25êggelow 19ég°lh 75ègiãzv 19ègiasmÒw 19ëgiow 19ègn¤zv 63égno°v 20ègnÒw 63égorã 41égorãzv 41égrÒw 70êgv 32ég≈n 63égvn¤zomai 63édelfÆ 19édelfÒw 19édik°v 35édik¤a 35êdikow 35édÒkimow 21édÊnatow 21

õdv 67ée¤ 26éetÒw 75êzumow 55éÆr 75éyet°v 32afigialÒw 75aÂma 69afin°v 54a·resiw 52a‡rv 25afisxÊnh 56afisxÊnomai 56afit°v 33afit¤a 33a‡tiow 33afi≈n 26afi≈niow 26ékayars¤a 41ékãyartow 41êkanya 71êkarpow 37ékatastas¤a 28ékoÆ 12ékolouy°v 69ékoÊv 12ékrib«w 75ékrobust¤a 71êkron 75ëlaw 63éle¤fv 63

él°ktvr 71élÆyeia 26élhyÆw 26élhyinÒw 26élhy«w 26èlieÊw 63éllã 12éllãssv 12éllÆlvn 12êllow 12éllÒtriow 12ëlusiw 71ëma 71èmartãnv 19èmart¤a 19èmartvlÒw 19êmemptow 63émÆn 69êmmow 75êmpelow 51émpel≈n 51émfÒteroi 71êmvmow 63ên 20énã 51énaba¤nv 34énabl°pv 27énagg°llv 19énagin≈skv 20énagkãzv 52énagka›ow 52

104


énãgkh 52énãgv 32énãyema 31énair°v 52énãkeimai 56énakl¤nv 65énakrãzv 37énakr¤nv 20énalambãnv 22énamimnπskv 46énãpausiw 59énapaÊv 59énap°mpv 38énap¤ptv 39énaplhrÒv 39énãstasiw 28énastr°fv 44énastrofÆ 44énat°llv 36énatolÆ 36énaf°rv 41énaxvr°v 52én°gklhtow 29énektÒterow 75ênemow 70ênesiw 26én°xomai 14énÆr 68ény¤sthmi 28ényr≈pinow 12ênyrvpow 12ényÊpatow 75én¤sthmi 28énÒhtow 46éno¤gv 33énom¤a 23

ênomow 23éntapod¤dvmi 13ént¤ 71ént¤dikow 35ént¤keimai 56éntil°gv 16éntitãssomai 49ént¤xristow 66énupÒkritow 20ênv 52ênvyen 51êjiow 42éjiÒv 42éj¤vw 24éÒratow 17épagg°llv 19épãgv 32ëpaj 52éparn°omai 42éparxÆ 33ëpaw 17épãth 63épe¤yeia 24épeiy°v 24épeiyÆw 24êpeimi 14épekd°xomai 34ép°nanti 64ép°rxomai 14ép°xv 15épist°v 24épist¤a 24êpistow 24èplÒthw 75épÒ 68épod°xomai 34

épodhm°v 75épod¤dvmi 13épodokimãzv 21époyÆkh 75époynπskv 28épokayistãnv 28épokay¤sthmi 28épokalÊptv 42épokãluciw 42épokÒptv 53épokr¤nomai 20épokte¤nv 69épolambãnv 22épole¤pv 37épÒllumi 33épolog°omai 16épolog¤a 16épolÊtrvsiw 37épolÊv 37épor°v 30épost°llv 26époster°v 75épÒstolow 26épostr°fv 44épotãssomai 49épot¤yemai 32épof°rv 41ëptv 70épvy°omai 75ép≈leia 33êra 70érgÒw 75érgÊrion 52êrgurow 52ér°skv 52éretÆ 75

105

Index to Parts Three and Four

ériymÒw 71érk°v 75érn°omai 42érn¤on 70èrpãzv 52ërpaj 52êrrvstow 75êrshn 75êrti 70êrtow 69érxa›ow 33érxÆ 33érxiereÊw 26érxisunãgvgow 33êrxv 33êrxvn 33és°beia 55ésebÆw 55és°lgeia 71ésy°neia 42ésyen°v 42ésyenÆw 42éskÒw 71éspãzomai 33éspasmÒw 33éstÆr 52éstrapÆ 52ésÊnetow 75ésfalÆw 75éten¤zv 72étimãzv 49étim¤a 49aÈlÆ 72aÈjãnv 72aÎrion 54aÈtÒw 12

éfair°v 52éfan¤zv 50êfesiw 26éfyars¤a 66êfyartow 66éf¤hmi 26éf¤sthmi 28éfor¤zv 72éformÆ 75êfrvn 50êxri 70

Bbãyow 75bãllv 26bapt¤zv 34bãptisma 34baptistÆw 34bãrbarow 75bar°v 63bãrow 63barÊw 63basan¤zv 53basanismÒw 53bastãzv 70basile¤a 20basileËw 20basileÊv 20basilikÒw 20bãtow 76bd°lugma 76b°baiow 34bebaiÒv 34b°bhlow 34b∞ma 34bibl¤on 42

b¤blow 42b¤ow 72blasfhm°v 31blasfhm¤a 31bl°pv 27boãv 53bohy°v 53bÒskv 76bouleÊomai 42boulÆ 42boÊlomai 42boËw 76braxÊw 76br°fow 76br°xv 76brontÆ 72brugmÒw 76br«ma 53br«siw 53bÊssinow 76

Ggazofulake›on 50gãla 76gam°v 42gam¤zv 42gãmow 42gastÆr 76gãr 68g° 70g°enna 72gem¤zv 53g°mv 53geneã 13g°nesiw 13gennãv 13

106


g°now 13geÊomai 72gevrgÒw 20g∞ 20g¤nomai 13gin≈skv 20gl«ssa 69gn≈mh 20gnvr¤zv 20gn«siw 20gnvstÒw 20goggÊzv 76gone›w 13gÒnu 53grãmma 21grammateÊw 21grafÆ 21grãfv 21grhgor°v 27gumnÒw 72gunÆ 68gvn¤a 53

Ddaimon¤zomai 34daimÒnion 34dãkruon 72dãktulow 76dapanãv 76d° 68d°hsiw 27de› 27de¤knumi 43de›pnon 72d°ka 35dekatessarew 35

dektÒw 34d°ndron 72d°omai 27dejiÒw 34d°rv 72d°smiow 42desmÒw 42despÒthw 72deËro 53deËte 53deÊterow 27d°xomai 34d°v 42dÆ 36dhlÒv 76dhnãrion 72diã 68diãbolow 26diayÆkh 32diakon°v 43diakon¤a 43diãkonow 43diakÒsioi 27diakr¤nv 20dial°gomai 16diãlektow 16dialog¤zomai 16dialogismÒw 16diamartÊromai 38diam°nv 29diamer¤zv 46diãnoia 46diano¤gv 33diaperãv 59diaporeÊomai 30diarÆssv 63

diar(r)Ægnumi 63diaskorp¤zv 64diast°llomai 26diastr°fv 44dias–zv 31diatãssv 49diat¤yhmi 32diatr¤bv 64diaf°rv 41diafye¤rv 66diafyorã 66didaskal¤a 35didãskalow 35didãskv 35didaxÆ 35d¤dvmi 13diege¤rv 27diermhneÊv 65di°rxomai 14dihg°omai 44d¤kaiow 35dikaiosÊnh 35dikaiÒv 35dika¤vma 35dika¤vw 35d¤ktuon 72diÒ 35diÒti 35d¤w 76dicãv 72divgmÒw 43di≈kv 43dÒgma 21dok°v 21dokimãzv 21dokimÆ 21

107


dÒkimow 21dokÒw 76dÒlow 72dÒja 21dojãzv 21doule¤a 27douleÊv 27doËlow 27doulÒv 27drãkvn 72dr°panon 76dÊnamai 21dÊnamiw 21dunatÒw 21dÊo 27dusmÆ 43d≈deka 35d«ma 76dvreã 13dvreãn 13d«ron 13

E§ãn 13•autoË 12§ãv 72ßbdomow 36§gg¤zv 43§ggÊw 43§ge¤rv 27§gkak°v 36§gkal°v 29§gkatale¤pv 37§gkentr¤zv 76§gkÒptv 53§g≈ 13

¶ynow 68¶yow 72efi 13e‰dow 23efidvlÒyutow 23efidvlolãtrhw 23e‡dvlon 23efikª 76efikosit°ssarew 49efik≈n 72efim¤ 14efirÆnh 69efiw 14eÂw 68efisãgv 32efisakoÊv 12efis°rxomai 14e‡sodow 30efisporeÊomai 30efisf°rv 41e‰ta 54e‡te 13§k 14ßkastow 69•katÒn 72•katontãrxhw 33•katÒntarxow 33§kbãllv 26§kd°xomai 34§kdik°v 35§kd¤khsiw 35§kdÊv 42§ke› 21§ke›yen 21§ke›now 21§kzht°v 28

§kklhs¤a 29§kkÒptv 53§kl°gomai 16§klektÒw 16§klogÆ 16§klÊomai 37§kmãssv 76§kp¤ptv 39§kplÆssomai 60§kporeÊomai 30¶kstasiw 28§kte¤nv 72§ktÒw 14ßktow 53§ktr°pomai 54§kf°rv 41§kfeÊgv 50§kx°v 54§kxÊnnomai 54§la¤a 54¶laion 54§laÊnv 76§lãxistow 72§l°gxv 72§le°v 43§lehmosÊnh 43¶leow 43§leuyer¤a 54§leÊyerow 54§leuyerÒv 54ßlkv 76§lp¤zv 35§lp¤w 35§mautoË 13§mba¤nv 34§mbl°pv 27

108


§mbrimãomai 76§mÒw 13§mpa¤zv 38§mp¤mplhmi 39§mp¤ptv 39¶mporow 30¶mprosyen 18§mptÊv 76§mfan¤zv 50¶mfobow 41§n 68§nant¤on 64§nãntiow 64¶natow 72§nde¤knumi 43ßndeka 35¶nduma 43§ndunamÒv 21§ndÊv 43ßneka 72ßneken 72§nerg°v 22§n°rgeia 22§nyãde 54¶ni 14§niautÒw 72§n¤sthmi 28§noik°v 30¶noxow 72§nt°llomai 35§nteËyen 54¶ntimow 49§ntolÆ 35§ntr°pv 54§ntugxãnv 61§n≈pion 30

§j 14ßj 53§jãgv 32§jair°v 52§ja¤fnhw 76§jale¤fv 63§japatãv 63§japost°llv 26§jaut∞w 12§j°rxomai 14¶jesti 14§jhg°omai 44•jÆkonta 53•j∞w 15§j¤sthmi 28§jomolog°omai 16§jouyen°v 17§jous¤a 14¶jv 14¶jvyen 14§paggel¤a 19§pagg°llomai 19§pain°v 54¶painow 54§pa¤rv 25§paisxÊnomai 56§pãnv 52§paÊrion 54§pe› 44§peidÆ 44¶peimi 76¶peita 54§p°rxomai 14§pervtãv 36§p°xv 15§p¤ 68

§piba¤nv 34§pibãllv 26§p¤geiow 20§pigin≈skv 20§p¤gnvsiw 20§pigrafÆ 21§pigrãfv 21§pide¤knumi 43§pid¤dvmi 13§pieikÆw 76§pizht°v 28§piyum°v 44§piyum¤a 44§pikal°v 29§p¤keimai 56§pilambãnomai 23§pilanyãnomai 64§pim°nv 29§pip¤ptv 39§pipoy°v 76§pisk°ptomai 54§piskiãzv 66§p¤skopow 54§p¤stamai 72§pistãthw 28§pistolÆ 26§pistr°fv 44§pisunãgv 33§pitagÆ 49§pitãssv 49§pit¤yhmi 32§pitel°v 49§pitimãv 49§pitr°pv 54§pitugxãnv 61§pifãneia 50

109


§pixorhg°v 76§poikodom°v 30§pourãniow 24•ptã 36§raunãv 76§rgãzomai 22§rgas¤a 22§rgãthw 22¶rgon 22§rhmÒomai 44¶rhmow 44§riye¤a 64¶riw 64¶rxomai 14§rvtãv 36§syÆw 76§sy¤v 22¶sxatow 69¶sv 14¶svyen 14ßterow 69¶ti 69•toimãzv 44¶toimow 44¶tow 70eÔ 76eÈaggel¤zomai 19eÈagg°lion 19eÈãrestow 52eÈdok°v 21eÈdok¤a 21eÈy°vw 36eÈyÊw 36eÈkop≈terow 57eÈlog°v 16eÈlog¤a 16

eÈloghtÒw 16eÈnoËxow 77eÈprÒsdektow 34eÍr¤skv 68eÈs°beia 55eÈsxÆmvn 65eÈfra¤nv 50eÈxarist°v 25eÈxarist¤a 25eÎxomai 40eÈ≈numow 24§fãpaj 52§f¤sthmi 28¶xyra 44§xyrÒw 44¶xidna 77¶xv 14ßvw 69

Zzãv 27z∞low 55zhlÒv 55zhlvtÆw 55zhmiÒomai 77zht°v 28zÆthma 28zÆthsiw 28zizãnion 77zÒfow 77zugÒw 77zÊmh 55zvÆ 27z≈nh 64z“on 27zƒopoi°v 18

H≥ 68≤gem≈n 44≤g°omai 44≤d°vw 64≥dh 36≤donÆ 64¥kv 70≤lik¤a 77¥liow 70≤m°ra 22≤m°terow 13¥misuw 77≤suxãzv 77

Yyãlassa 69yãnatow 28yanatÒv 28yãptv 55yarr°v 64yars°v 64yaumãzv 45yaumastÒw 45yeãomai 36ye›on 77y°lhma 22y°lv 22yem°lion 55yem°liow 55yemeliÒv 55yeÒw 68yerapeÊv 70yer¤zv 55yerismÒw 55yerma¤nomai 77

110


yevr°v 36yhlãzv 64y∞luj 64yhr¤on 70yhsaur¤zv 55yhsaurÒw 55yl¤bv 45yl›ciw 45ynπskv 28ynhtÒw 28yÒrubow 77yr¤j 72yrÒnow 69yugãthr 70yum¤ama 45yumÒw 44yÊra 70yus¤a 45yusiastÆrion 45yÊv 45y≈raj 77

Ifiãomai 45fiatrÒw 45‡de 23‡diow 28fidi≈thw 28fidoÊ 23flereÊw 26flerÒn 26flkanÒw 70flmãtion 36flmatismÒw 36·na 15flnat¤ 15

·ppow 72·sthmi 28‡sow 77fisxurÒw 45fisxÊw 45fisxÊv 45fixyÊw 72

Kkég≈ 15kayair°v 52kayãper 73kayar¤zv 41kayarismÒw 41kayarÒw 41kay°zomai 36kayeÊdv 73kãyhmai 36kay¤zv 36kay¤sthmi 28kayej∞w 15kayÒti 19kay≈w 19ka¤ 15kainÒw 70ka¤per 15kairÒw 69ka¤v 55kéke› 15kéke›yen 15kéke›now 15kak¤a 36kakÒw 36kakÒv 36kak«w 36kãlamow 73

kal°v 29kalÒw 29kalÊptv 42kal«w 29kãmhlow 77kên 15kapnÒw 73kard¤a 68karpÒw 37karpofor°v 37kãrfow 77katã 15kataba¤nv 34katabolÆ 26katagg°llv 19katãgv 32katadikãzv 35kataisxÊnv 56kataka¤v 55katãkeimai 56katakl¤nv 65katakr¤nv 20katalal°v 22katalambãnv 23katale¤pv 37katallãssv 12katalÊv 37katano°v 46katantãv 56katapat°v 38katãpausiw 59katap°tasma 77katap¤nv 38katãra 64katarãomai 65katarg°v 22

111


katart¤zv 73kataskeuãzv 60katafil°v 50katafron°v 50kat°nanti 64katergãzomai 22kat°rxomai 14katesy¤v 22kat°xv 15kathgor°v 56katÆgorow 56kathx°v 77katoik°v 30kãtv 15kauxãomai 45kaÊxhma 45kaÊxhsiw 45ke›mai 56keleÊv 71kenÒw 56kenÒv 56k°raw 73kerda¤nv 73kefalÆ 70k∞pow 77kÆrugma 37khrÊssv 37kibvtÒw 77k¤ndunow 77kin°v 77klãdow 56kla¤v 45klãsma 56klauymÒw 45klãv 56kle¤w 56

kle¤v 56kl°pthw 57kl°ptv 57klhronom°v 57klhronom¤a 57klhronÒmow 57kl∞row 57klÆsiw 29klhtÒw 29kl¤nh 65kl¤nv 65koil¤a 73koimãomai 56koinÒw 57koinÒv 57koinvn°v 57koinvn¤a 57koinvnÒw 57kÒkkinow 65kÒkkow 65kolaf¤zv 77kollãomai 73kÒlpow 77kom¤zv 73koniortÒw 77kopiãv 57kÒpow 57kÒptv 53korãsion 77kosm°v 22kÒsmow 22kÒfinow 77krãbattow 73krãzv 37krãspedon 77krat°v 45

krãtow 45kraugãzv 65kraugÆ 65kre¤ttvn 45kremãnnumi 77kr¤ma 20kr¤nv 20kr¤siw 20kritÆw 20kroÊv 77kruptÒw 57krÊptv 57ktãomai 77kt¤zv 57kt¤siw 57kÊklƒ 77kËma 77kurieÊv 15kÊriow 15kÊvn 77kvlÊv 73k≈mh 71kvfÒw 73

Llal°v 22lambãnv 22lampãw 65lamprÒw 65lãmpv 65lanyãnv 64laÒw 69latre¤a 57latreÊv 57l°gv 15le¤pv 37

112


leitourg¤a 22leitourgÒw 22leprÒw 78leukÒw 73l°vn 78lhnÒw 78l˙stÆw 73l¤an 73liyãzv 37liyobol°v 26l¤yow 37l¤mnh 73limÒw 73log¤zomai 15lÒgow 15loipÒw 37loÊv 78lÊkow 78lup°v 46lÊph 46luxn¤a 57lÊxnow 57lÊv 36

Mmãgow 78mayhtÆw 23ma¤nomai 78makãriow 70makrãn 58makrÒyen 58makroyum°v 58makroyum¤a 58makrÒw 58mãlista 37mçllon 37

manyãnv 23margar¤thw 77martur°v 38martur¤a 38martÊrion 38martÊromai 38mãrtuw 38mastigÒv 65mãstij 65mãtaiow 78mãxaira 71megalÊnv 23m°gaw 23meyermhneÊv 65mey¤sthmi 28meyÊv 78m°law 78m°lei 58m°llv 69m°low 71m°n 23m°ntoi 23m°nv 29mer¤zv 46m°rimna 56merimnãv 56mer¤w 46m°row 46mes¤thw 38m°sow 38mestÒw 78metã 16metaba¤nv 34metad¤dvmi 13metalambãnv 23metam°lomai 58

metano°v 46metãnoia 46metajÊ 16metap°mpomai 38metasxhmat¤zv 65metat¤yhmi 32met°xv 15m°toxow 15metr°v 56m°tron 56m°tvpon 30m°xri 73mÆ 16mhd° 16mhde¤w 16mhk°ti 16mÆn 73mÆpote 16mÆte 16mÆthr 70mÆti 16mia¤nv 78mikrÒw 71mimhtÆw 78mimnÆskomai 46mis°v 71misyÒw 71mnç 78mne¤a 46mn∞ma 46mnhme›on 46mnhmoneÊv 46moixeÊv 58moixal¤w 58mÒliw 78monogenÆw 13

113


mÒnow 69mÒsxow 78mËyow 78muriãw 78mÊron 73mustÆrion 71mvr¤a 58mvrÒw 58

Nna¤ 71naÒw 71nean¤skow 58nekrÒw 69n°ow 58nef°lh 73nÆpiow 73n∞sow 78nhste¤a 58nhsteÊv 58nÆfv 78nikãv 71n¤ptv 73no°v 46nÒhma 46nom¤zv 23nomikÒw 23nÒmow 23nÒsow 73nÒtow 78nouyet°v 46noËw 46nÊmfh 58numf¤ow 58nËn 30nun¤ 30

nÊj 70

Jjen¤zv 58j°now 58jhra¤nv 59jhrÒw 59jÊlon 73

Oı, ≤, tÒ 17ˆgdoow 65˜de 17ıdhg°v 32ıdhgÒw 32ıdÒw 30ÙdoÊw 73˜yen 17ÙyÒnion 78o‰da 23ofik°v 30ofik¤a 30ofikodespÒthw 30ofikodomÆ 30ofikodom°v 30ofikonom¤a 30oflkonÒmow 30o‰kow 30ofikoum°nh 30ofiktirmÒw 78o‰now 71oÂow 17Ùkt≈ 65ÙligÒpistow 24Ùl¤gow 71˜low 69

ÙmnÊv/ˆmnumi 71ımoyumadÒn 44˜moiow 46ımoiÒv 46ımo¤vma 46ımo¤vw 46ımolog°v 16ımolog¤a 16ˆnar 78Ùneid¤zv 66ÙneidismÒw 66ˆnoma 24Ùnomãzv 24ˆnow 78ˆntvw 14ˆjow 66ÙjÊw 66ˆpisyen 47Ùp¤sv 47˜plon 78ıpo›ow 31˜pou 31˜pvw 31˜rama 17ırãv 17ÙrgÆ 47Ùrg¤zomai 47ır¤zv 59˜rion 59˜rkow 73ırmãv 78ˆrow 70˜w 17˜siow 78ÙsmÆ 78˜sow 17

114


˜stiw 17ÙsfËw 78˜tan 20˜te 17˜ti 17oÈ 17o 17oÈa¤ 71oÈd° 17oÈde¤w 17oÈd°pote 17oÈk°ti 17oÔn 68oÎpv 17oÈrã 78oÈrãniow 24oÈranÒw 24oÔw 71oÎte 17otow 17oÏtvw 17oÈx¤ 17Ùfeil°thw 47Ùfe¤lv 47ÙfyalmÒw 30ˆfiw 73ˆxlow 68Ùcãrion 78Ùc¤a 73

Ppag¤w 78pãyhma 47paide¤a 38paideÊv 38paid¤on 38

paid¤skh 38pa›w 38pa¤v 78pãlai 59palaiÒw 59pãlin 69panourg¤a 22pantaxoË 18pantokrãtvr 18pãntote 24pãntvw 18parã 68parãbasiw 34parabãthw 34parabolÆ 26paraggel¤a 19paragg°llv 19parag¤nomai 13parãgv 32parad°xomai 34parad¤dvmi 13parãdosiw 13parait°omai 33parakal°v 29parãklhsiw 29parãklhtow 29parakÊptv 79paralambãnv 23paralÊomai 37paralutikÒw 37paraporeÊomai 30parãptvma 39paraskeuÆ 60parathr°v 40parat¤yhmi 32paraxr∞ma 51

pãreimi 14parembolÆ 27par°rxomai 14par°xv 15pary°now 73par¤sthmi 28paroim¤a 79parous¤a 14parrhs¤a 40parrhsiãzomai 40pçw 17pãsxv 47patãssv 73pat°v 38patÆr 18patr¤w 18paÊv 59pe¤yv 24peinãv 73peirãzv 47peirasmÒw 47p°mpv 38penyerã 79peny°v 59p°nyow 59pentakisx¤lioi 47p°nte 47pentÆkonta 47pepo¤yhsiw 79p°ran 59per¤ 69periãgv 32peribãllv 27peribl°pomai 27periz≈nnumi 64per¤keimai 56

115


per¤lupow 46peripat°v 38peripo¤hsiw 18per¤sseuma 47perisseÊv 47perissÒw 47perissÒterow 47perissot°rvw 47peristerã 73perit°mnv 47perit¤yhmi 32peritomÆ 47per¤xvrow 52peteinÒn 59p°tomai 59p°tra 74phgÆ 74phlÒw 79pÆra 79piãzv 74p¤mplhmi 39p¤naj 79p¤nv 38piprãskv 79p¤ptv 39pisteÊv 24p¤stiw 24pistÒw 24planãv 47plãnh 47plãnow 48plate›a 79pleonãzv 59pleonekt°v 59pleonej¤a 59pleurã 79

pl°v 39plhgÆ 60pl∞yow 39plhyÊnv 39plÆn 71plÆrhw 39plhrofor°v 41plhrÒv 39plÆrvma 39plhs¤on 74ploiãrion 39plo›on 39ploÊsiow 48plout°v 48ploËtow 48pneËma 24pneumatikÒw 24pn°v 24pÒyen 31poi°v 18poihtÆw 18poik¤low 74poima¤nv 60poimÆn 60po¤mnh 60po¤mnion 60po›ow 31polem°v 60pÒlemow 60pÒliw 69pollãkiw 18polÊw 18ponhr¤a 39ponhrÒw 39poreÊomai 30porne¤a 60

porneÊv 60pÒrnh 60pÒrnow 60pÒsow 31potamÒw 74potapÒw 31pÒte 31pot° 31potÆrion 38pot¤zv 38poË 31poÊw 39prçgma 46prait≈rion 79prçjiw 48pra@thw 74prãssv 48pr°pv 79presbÊterow 70pr¤n 74prÒ 48proãgv 32proba¤nv 34prÒbaton 71progin≈skv 20pro°rxomai 14prÒyesiw 32proyum¤a 44pro˝sthmi 29prÒkeimai 56prokÒptv 53prol°gv 16proor¤zv 59prop°mpv 38prÒw 18prosãgv 33

116


prosd°xomai 34prosdokãv 34pros°rxomai 14proseuxÆ 39proseÊxomai 39pros°xv 15proskal°omai 29proskarter°v 74prÒskomma 53proskÒptv 53proskun°v 70proslambãnomai 23prosm°nv 29prosp¤ptv 39prostãssv 49prost¤yhmi 32prosf°rv 41prosforã 41prosfvn°v 32prÒsvpon 30prÒterow 48prÒfasiw 31profhte¤a 31profhteÊv 31profÆthw 31prv˝ 74prvtoklis¤a 65pr«tow 69prvtÒtokow 40pta¤v 79pt°ruj 79pt«ma 39ptvxÒw 71pÊlh 60pul≈n 60punyãnomai 74

pËr 40puretÒw 40purÒomai 40pvl°v 74p«low 74p≈pote 31pvrÒv 79p≈w 31p«w 31

R=abb¤ 74=ãbdow 74=Ægnumi 63=∞ma 40=¤za 74=¤ptv 79=omfa¤a 79=Êomai 74

Ssãbbaton 70saleÊv 74sãlpigj 60salp¤zv 60saprÒw 79sarkikÒw 31sãrj 31sb°nnumi 79seautoË 18s°bomai 55seismÒw 60se¤v 60selÆnh 79shma¤nv 40shme›on 40

sÆmeron 22sigãv 74sidhroËw 79s¤napi 79sind≈n 79s›tow 74sivpãv 74skandal¤zv 48skãndalon 48skeËow 60skhnÆ 61skhnÒv 61skiã 66sklhrÒw 66sklhrÊnv 66skop°v 54skorp¤zv 64skorp¤ow 64skot¤a 48skot¤zomai 48skÒtow 48sÒw 18sof¤a 40sofÒw 40spe›ra 79spe¤rv 40sp°rma 40speÊdv 61spÆlaion 79splagxn¤zomai 61splãgxnon 61spÒrow 40spoudãzv 61spoudÆ 61spur¤w 79stãdion 79

117


stãsiw 29staurÒw 48staurÒv 48stãxuw 79ste›ra 79stenãzv 79st°fanow 74st∞yow 79stÆkv 29sthr¤zv 74stoixe›on 66stoix°v 66stolÆ 26stÒma 70strãteuma 48strateÊomai 48strathgÒw 49strati≈thw 48str°fv 43strvnnÊv 79sÊ 18suggenÆw 13sugkal°v 29sugxa¤rv 25suzht°v 28sukÆ 74sullal°v 22sullambãnv 23sull°gv 16sumba¤nv 34sumbãllv 27sumbibãzv 79sumboÊlion 42sumpn¤gv 79sumf°rv 41sumfvn°v 32

sÊn 69sunãgv 33sunagvgÆ 33sunanãkeimai 56sunantãv 56sÊndoulow 27sune¤dhsiw 23sunerg°v 22sunergÒw 22sun°rxomai 14sunesy¤v 22sÊnesiw 26suneudok°v 21sun°xv 15sun¤hmi 26sunistãnv 29sun¤sthmi 29sunt°leia 49suntel°v 49suntr¤bv 64sÊrv 80sustaurÒv 48sfãzv 74sfÒdra 74sfrag¤zv 61sfrag¤w 61sx¤zv 61sx¤sma 61s–zv 31s«ma 69svtÆr 31svthr¤a 31svfron°v 50

Ttãlanton 74

tãjiw 49tapeinÒw 61tapeinofrosÊnh 61tapeinÒv 61tarãssv 74tãssv 49tãfow 55tax°vw 61tãxow 61taxËw 61t° 69te›xow 80tekn¤on 40t°knon 40t°leiow 49teleiÒv 49teleutãv 49tel°v 49t°low 49tel≈nhw 74t°raw 74tessarãkonta 49t°ssarew 49t°tartow 49tetrakisx¤lioi 49thr°v 40t¤yhmi 32t¤ktv 40timãv 49timÆ 49t¤miow 49tiw 18t¤w 18toioËtow 24tolmãv 74tÒpow 70

118


tosoËtow 25tÒte 24trãpeza 74trãxhlow 80tre›w 40tr°fv 61tr°xv 74triãkonta 40tr¤w 40tr¤tow 40trÒmow 80trÒpow 54trofÆ 61tr≈gv 80tugxãnv 61tÊpow 62tÊptv 62tuflÒw 70

UÍbr¤zv 80Ígia¤nv 62ÍgiÆw 62Ïdvr 70ÍetÒw 80ufloyes¤a 25uflÒw 25Ím°terow 18Ípãgv 33ÍpakoÆ 12ÍpakoÊv 12Ípantãv 56Ípãrxv 33Íp°r 69Íperbãllv 27ÍperbolÆ 27

Íper°xv 15ÍperÆfanow 80Íphr°thw 74Ïpnow 80ÍpÒ 25ÍpÒdeigma 43Ípode¤knumi 43ÍpÒdhma 43Ípokãtv 25ÍpÒkrisiw 20ÍpokritÆw 20Ípolambãnv 23Ípom°nv 29Ípomimnπskv 46ÍpomonÆ 29ÍpopÒdion 39ÍpÒstasiw 29Ípostr°fv 44Ípotãssv 49Íster°v 62Íst°rhma 62Ïsterow 62ÍchlÒw 62Ïcistow 62Ïcow 62ÍcÒv 62

Ffa¤nv 50fanerÒw 50fanerÒv 50faËlow 80fe¤domai 75f°rv 41feÊgv 50fhm¤ 31

fyãnv 80fyartÒw 66fye¤rv 66fyÒnow 80fyorã 66fiãlh 75filadelf¤a 50fil°v 50f¤lhma 50f¤low 50fimÒv 80flÒj 80fob°omai 41fÒbow 41foneÊw 62foneÊv 62fÒnow 62for°v 41fÒrow 41fort¤on 41fr°ar 80fron°v 50frÒnimow 50fulakÆ 50fulãssv 50fulÆ 50fÊllon 80fÊrama 80fusiÒv 80fÊsiw 50futeÊv 50fvn°v 32fvnÆ 32f«w 41fvteinÒw 41fvt¤zv 41

119


Xxa¤rv 25xalãv 80xalkÒw 80xarã 25xãragma 80xar¤zomai 25xãrin 25xãriw 25xãrisma 25xe›low 80xeim≈n 80xe¤r 69xeiropo¤htow 18xe¤rvn 75xÆra 71xil¤arxow 33xiliãw 62x¤lioi 62xit≈n 75xo›row 75

xortãzv 62xÒrtow 62xrãomai 51xre¤a 51xrπzv 51xr∞ma 51xrhmat¤zv 51xrhstÒw 51xrhstÒthw 51xr¤v 66xron¤zv 51xrÒnow 51xrus¤on 62xrusÒw 62xrusoËw 62xvlÒw 75x≈ra 51xvr°v 51xvr¤zv 51xvr¤on 51xvr¤w 51

Ccãllv 66calmÒw 66ceÊdomai 63ceudomartur°v 38ceËdow 63ceudoprofÆthw 63ceÊsthw 63cuxÆ 32cuxikÒw 32

VŒ 75œde 17”dÆ 67Àra 69…w 18…sannã 80…saÊtvw 19…se¤ 19Àsper 19Àste 19»fel°v 75

Date post:	16-Nov-2014
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RBS43_vanVoorst_Building Your New Testament Greek Vocabulary

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