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Home > Documents > RE - fizyka.uni.opole.pl · 3u sodvwhuh mdmn su]hfkrg] uyzqrohjÆ zl ]n ˚zldwÆ eldÆh ’]l n whp...

RE - fizyka.uni.opole.pl · 3u sodvwhuh mdmn su]hfkrg] uyzqrohjÆ zl ]n ˚zldwÆ eldÆh ’]l n whp...

Date post: 28-Feb-2019
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%LDÆN MDMND %LDÆ ZLDWÆ SU]HMFL SU]H SODVWHU XJRWRZDQH ELDÆN MDM VWDM VL F]HUZRQH =EDGD Z\MDQL W ]MDZLVNR =QDMG( LQQ SU]\NÆDG WH URG]DMX :LHF]RUHP F]D ]DF VÆR REVHUZXMHP * SU]\ELHU RQ DUZ F]HUZRQ 7D VDPo ]DEDUZLDM VL FKPXU LHGDOHN VÆRFD PLP L* UPDOQL SRGF]D GQL V LDÆH VÆR ZLHF ZLDWÆH ELDÆ\P ’ODF]H WD VL ]LHM -HV U]\SDGH DUG] S zjawiska, jakie zachodzi, NLH ZLHFLP ZLDWÆH ELDÆ\ SU SODVWHUH MDMN MHGQD MHV R * lepiej widoczny PR*OLZ zaobserwowania codziennie przy dobrej pogodzie -). Co powoduje * ZLG]LP F]HUZRQ VÆRFH .OXF]H G W\F UR]ZD*D VWDM VL DWPRVfHUD 3URPLHQL VÆRQHF]Q QL GRWU DV]HJ SRNRQXM ZDUVWZ DWPRVfeU WyU RW LHPL 2F]\ZLVW MHVW * atmosfera W VWDZL W\ SURPLHQLR MDNL RSyU GODWH L Æ HQHUJLD dociera do powierzchni ziemi. Zobaczmy MD Z\JOG GURJ SURPLHQ ZLHWOQ\F GQL SRGF]D ]DFKRGXVÆRFD Wid]LP * SRGF]D ]DF URPLHQL W PDM U]HE\FL GX* ÆX*V GURJ U WPRVfHU L* GQLD -DN W P MHGQD ZSÆ\ Q EDUZ WHJ ZLDWÆ 6NXSP VL W\ MD ]EXGRZDQ MHV SRZLHWU naszej atmosfery 1 EXGRZ RZLHWU VNÆDG VL DUG] * HOHPHQWyZ -HV PLHV]DQLQ ZLHO JD]y Uy*Q\ VW*eniu, a WDN* SDU ZRGQD &]VWHF]N SRZLHWU] QL V RXNÆDGDQ UHJXODUQLH 7DN jak w ka*G\ LQQ\ JD]L VWHF]N SRUXV]DM VL FKDRW\F]QLH U G]LHQLHJG]L MHV F ZLFH a gdzie indzLH HV F PQLHM -HV F]\ZLFL XVWDZLHQL KZLORZ SU]\SDGNRZH 8NÆD MHV Z FLJÆ\P UXF FDÆ F]D VL ]PLHQLD -DN P MHGQD ZSÆ\ Q QDV MDZLVNR :LDGRP * VWN ]DZLHV]RQ SUy*Q VWDQRZ DUF] O ZL]N ZLDWÆD 3URPLH DSRW\NDMF WDN U]HV]NRG PR* ]RVW SU]H QL LW G( RFKÆRQLW -DNL V WH VNXWNL 2F]\ZLFL Z\QLN WH * GR SRZLHU]FKQ ]LHP GRFLHU ZLDWÆ PQLHMV]\ QDW*HQL L* Z\FKRG] (UyGÆD $O ]DXZD*DP * ZL]N ZLDWÆ SROLFKURPDW\F]QH ZLDWÆ LDÆ MHV ZL]N ZLHO DU ZLDWÆ WDNLF MD Wczy) QDMEDUG]LH ]PDODÆ DW*HQL EDU EOL*V]\F NLW ]LHOHQL DWRPLDV QDMPQLH ]PLHQLÆ VL DW*enie EDU *yÆW\F F]HUZRQ\F HIHNFL ZLG]LP ZLDWÆ F]HUZRQH OLWHUDWXU QDXNRZH PyZ VL R UR]SUDV]DQL ZLDWÆD &]VWN PROHNXODUQ QL W\O RGELMDMZLDWÆ SRQLHZD* ZLHP * VWN QL MHV MHGQROLW ZLDWÆ PR* SU QL U]HMü F URVW DEVRUEXM HQHUJL ZLHWOLVW SRWH M Z\SURPLHQLRZXM] tym * NLHUXQek wypromieniowanej energii jest przypadkowy (rys2). 1 2 1 U\VXQN W\ ZLGDü REVHUZDWR ]QDMGXM VL VWUHIL DVRZH JG]L MHV ZÆDQL SRÆXGQLH NROH obserwator 2 ZLG] ]DFKy VÆRFD :\UD(QL GÆX*V] GURJ SU] WPRVIHU SU]HE\Z SURPLH ZLHWOQ SRG*DMF drugiemu obserwatorowi. 1, 2 – REVHUZDWRU] ]QDMGXMF VL Uy*Q\F PLHMVFDF Q =LHPL Ziemia atmosfera ziemska :L]N SDGDM Q atom Promieniowanie rozproszone :L]N SU]HFKRG] SU]H] atom Promieniowanie rozproszone Rys 2
Transcript

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SRZLHU]FKQ í ]LHP í GRFLHU é �ZLDWá ç�ç PQLHMV]\î QDW*HQL ï ìOð L* Z\FKRG]� ñ åòêFå (UyGáD ó $O ô ]DXZD*DPõ*ö * ô÷ ZL�]N ø �ZLDWá ù SROLFKURPDW\F]QH ú"û ��ZLDWá ûxü LDá ô MHV ý ZL�]N� ZLHO þ×ü DU ÿ �ZLDWá ù WDNLF� ö MD � ÿ Wczy) QDMEDUG]LH� ]PDODá û�� DW*HQL ô EDUÿ EOL*V]\F� EáNLW þ*ö ]LHOHQL ö�� DWRPLDVý QDMPQLH� ]PLHQLá û VL � DW*enie EDU ÿ *yáW\F��� F]HUZRQ\F�� HIHNFL � ZLG]LP �ZLDWá � F]HUZRQH �� OLWHUDWXU ��� QDXNRZH� PyZ � VL R�

UR]SUDV]DQL� �ZLDWáD &]�VWN � PROHNXODUQ � QL � W\O � RGELMDM� �ZLDWá � �SRQLHZD* ZLHP �� * ����� �VWN � QL � MHV �MHGQROLW ��� �ZLDWá � PR* � SU ����� QL� � U]HM�ü� � F � �!� � URVW" DEVRUEXM� HQHUJL �ZLHWOLVW� ��# SRWH$ M��Z\SURPLHQLRZXM���] tym * % NLHUXQek wypromieniowanej energii jest przypadkowy (rys2).

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1 & U\VXQN' W\ ( ZLGDü )+*-, REVHUZDWR .0/ ]QDMGXM , VL 1VWUHIL ,�23* DVRZH4 JG]L , MHV 5 ZáD�QL , SRáXGQLH )6* NROH 7obserwator 2 ZLG] 7 ]DFKy 8 VáR�FD 9 :\UD(QL , GáX*V]�GURJ SU] ,:*;& WPRVIHU SU]HE\Z & SURPLH� �ZLHWOQ<SRG�*DM�F<>=+' drugiemu obserwatorowi. 1, 2 – REVHUZDWRU]? ]QDMGXM�F? VL @ Uy*Q\F A PLHMVFDFA Q B =LHPL Ziemia atmosfera ziemska

:L�]N C SDGDM� DEC Q Catom

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:L�]N C SU]HFKRG]� DEC SU]H] atom

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Rys 2

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3RQLHZD* HQHUJL ^ W\F a SURPLHQ [ �ZLDWáD bdc WyU\Fa F]VWRWOLZR� ` MHV e ZLNV]D b MHV e Z\SURPLHQLRZ\ZDQ ^V]\EFLHf e�g W UH]XOWDFL ] UR]SUDV]DQL ] �ZLDWá ^ g ZLNV]\Fa F]HVWRWOLZR�FLDF a ]DFKRG] [ V]\EFLHf QL* �ZLDWá ^]EOL*RQHJ g c X F]HUZLHQL Y = ] Z]RU X ZLG]LPh b * ] LOR�ü UR]SURV]RQH i g �ZLDWá ^ MHV e SURSRUFMRQDOQ ^�j gczwaUWHf SRWHJ [ F]VWRWOLZR�F [ WH i g �ZLDWáD Y =DWH\ �ZLDWá gkg F]Vtotliwo�F l<m UD]n ZLNV]Ho EG]L pUR]SUDV]DQ p D* qJr UD] sut DUG]LHv>w QWHQV\ZQLH x 'ODWH y�zu{ ZLGP | �ZLDWá | ELDáHJ zA} U]HFKRG]�FH y�zA} rzez DWPRVIHU rozpUDV]DQ ~ V� t DUG]LHv F]HVWRWOLZR�F w �ZLDWá |�{ EOL*DM�FH y z VL ��� ILROHWRZL x 1 | WHv ]DVDG]L ~G]LDá | QDV] | ZDUVWZ | R]RQRZD � QL ~ SU]HSXV]FDM� � Q | SRZLHUzFKQL } URPLHQ w �ZLDWá | XOWUDILROHWRZHJR �które jak wiadomo jest bardzo energetyczne ze wzgOGX�Q | EDUG]R�GX*��F]VWRWOLZR�ü� =EXGRZDOL�P\�SU]\U]�G�GR�]EDGDQL |�{ MDZLVN |�{�| � KRG]�FHJR�� MDMN � �VFKHPD� – rys3)

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8*\OL�P\�POHN � �� � ���� � ���� � �� � � ��� UR]WZRU ��� ��GR��� � ZRG�� A oto�Z\QLN � � WDPWHJR�GR�ZLDGF]HQLD�

• 'O � POHN � � � Z\JDV]HQL � �ZLDWá � QLHELHVNLHJR����F • Dl � POHN � ��� � Z\JDV]HQL � �ZLDWá � QLHELHVNLHJR����F • 'O � POHN � ��� � Z\JDV]HQL � �ZLDWá QLHELHVNLHJR����F � • 'O POHN � � Z\JDV]HQL �ZLDWá QLHELHVNLHJR����F� • 'O POHN � � Z\JDV]HQL �ZLDWá QLHELHVNLHJR��FP

'ODF]HJR�]MDZLV ��� WR�MHV ��� D � VáDE � ZLGRF]Q Q jajku? Nasza teoria na ten temat jest taka: �

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