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Re-imagined The future of K12 education
by David Havens
2
N = 17,624 teachers 80%
95%
5:1RATIO
Source: Brightbytes, ambient insights, http://kpk12.com/states/
EVERY 4 DAYS 5 STATES
Catalyzed by technology, education is undergoing major change Towards greater personalization and access
require online coursework to graduate
a new edtech company is funded
of student to tablet by 2015
agree that their students’ learning is more engaging when using technology
of teachers agree that technology use in the classroom can enhance student learning
The time is now to re-imagine our education system 3
Outline Ø Systemic Challenges [4] Ø New Landscape [15] Ø Re-imagined tools [29] Ø New instructional models [39] Ø Appendix
Systemic Challenges 1
“The notion of education as a public good that facilitates socioeconomic mobility for all citizens is at the heart of the American public education system.”
Emily Dalton Smith Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Percentage of low-income students increasing 5
Source: http://m.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2013/10/study-almost-half-of-public-school-students-are-now-low-income/280664/
2000 2011
48% of public school students are now eligible for free or reduced lunch
51%
63%
60%
56%
Note: The report did not include D.C. because its school system is too small relative to those of states
51%
50%
54%
68%
50%
60%
66%
60% 71%
55% 56%
57% 51%
50%
55% 57%
55%
*students who qualify for free or reduced-priced lunches
+10%
Percentage of low-income students 30 40 50%
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Children in higher income households are improving faster 6 It’s not just the bottom getting left behind – the top 10% financially are pulling away academically
Income Achievement Gaps
Source: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/04/27/no-rich-child-left-behind/
Cohort Birth Day
Reading, 1943-2000 Birth Cohorts
90th/50th achievement gap
50th/10th achievement gap
Ave
rage
diff
eren
ce in
sta
ndar
dize
d te
st
scor
es b
etw
een
inco
me
perc
entil
es
US per pupil spending varies 300% across states 7 In 2011, ranged from $6212 (Utah) to $19076 (New York)
Source: http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/education/analysis-how-much-states-spend-on-their-kids-really-does-matter-20121016 http://www.governing.com/gov-data/education-data/state-education-spending-per-pupil-data.html
Per Pupil Current Spending (2009)
AK, HI
$0 - $9,350
$9,351 - $10,550
$10,550 – 12,000
$12,000 - $13,500
$13,501 - $18,5100
Wyo. $18,068
Utah $7,217
Source: http://www.nationaljournal.com/thenextamerica/education/analysis-how-much-states-spend-on-their-kids-really-does-matter-20121016
Students of color are underrepresented in top schools 8 Over 50% of white students are in the top 30% of schools
Percentage Of Subgroups Attending Top, Middle, and Bottom performing schools
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
African-American Latino Economically Disadvantaged
White
Perc
enta
ge o
f stu
dent
s
Top 30% of schools
Middle 40%
Bottom 30%
Source: http://www.edtrust.org/sites/edtrust.org/files/publications/files/Access%20Denied.pdf Notes: In K12 schools in California, based off API scores (2009)
Living in poverty lowers chance of academic success 9 22% of children with a year of poverty do not graduate
6%
2%
9%
22%
11%
26%
Total Proficient Not Proficient
Dro
pout
Rat
es
Children without Poverty Children with Poverty Experience
Source: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf , http://www.begintoread.com/research/literacystatistics.html
Of prison inmates are functionally illiterate 60%
Teacher satisfaction at lowest level since 1986 10 Principal satisfaction down, too. Teacher stress has increased since 1985.
Source: https://www.metlife.com/assets/cao/foundation/MetLife-Teacher-Survey-2012.pdf, http://kaleyperkins.com/as-teacher-satisfaction-plummets-educator-finds-way-to-teach-from-the-trunk/
Teacher Job Satisfaction Through the Years (% Very Satisfied)
Base: Teachers (2012, n=1,000)
40% 44%
33% 40%
50% 44%
54% 52% 57% 56%
62% 59%
44% 39%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1995 2001 2003 2006 2008 2009 2011 2012
Series 1
And despite spending 2nd most on education… 11
K-12 Spending Per Student In The OECD
Source: OECD, 2009 Education at a Glance
United States lags in basic literacy and numeracy skills 12 Based off OECD assessment of adult skills, 2013
Source: http://skills.oecd.org/OECD_Skills_Outlook_2013.pdf
Distribution of numeracy proficiency scores Distribution of literacy proficiency scores
#22
#17
United States is below average in equity and achievement 13 Based off OECD Program for International Student Assessment, 2012
Source: http://www.oecd.org/pisa/ (slide 7)
PISA scores
SES
Summary 14
Ø Income Inequality is growing and has powerful implications on educational attainment
Ø The conditions of poverty can create academic challenges and correlate to dropout rates
Ø When compared internationally, US lags in both equity and achievement
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports
New landscape 2
“It’s not about the technology; it’s about sharing knowledge and information, communicating efficiently, building learning communities and creating a culture of professionalism in schools.
These are the key responsibilities of all educational leaders.”
Marion Ginapolis Superintendent at Lake Orion Public Schools
45 states adopt Common Core - national goals for student learning 16 Pushing students to think critically, collaboratively, creatively
Adopted
Not Yet Adopted
Source: corestandards.org, Aug 22, 2013
Common core adoption across the USA
Fixed Mind-set Intelligence is static
Leads to a desire to look smart
Growth Mind-set
Leads to a desire to learn
Intelligence can be developed
Rising focus on noncognitive factors to improve student agency 17 New academic mindsets and learning strategies linked to school success
Sources: Angela Duckworth: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/~duckwort/images/Grit%20JPSP.pdf, Carol Dweck: http://alumni.stanford.edu/get/page/magazine/article/?article_id=32124
Grit
Growth
Cultural Competency Effort
Perseverance
Social Emotional Intelligence
Creativity
Innovative disposition
Habits of scholarship
Character
Technology is ubiquitous in the classroom 18
97% of teachers have at least one computer in the classroom
94% enter or view grades using electronic system
Source: http://nces.ed.gov/pubs2010/2010040.pdf, http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46
5 : 3 current average ratio Student : Computer
40% of teachers use technology often in the classroom
5M iPads in K12
Learning can continue beyond the school building 19 With US smartphone and tablet owners on the rise
U.S. Smartphone and Tablet Owners
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
(mill
ions
)
Source: Pew Research Center, comScore, U.S., census bureau, http://kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/8010.pdf Note: Includes smartphones owners over age of 13 and tablet owners over age of 18
Tablet Owners
Smartphone Owners
Teacher demographics are changing 20 Younger teachers more comfortable with technology
Age of Public School Teachers, 1987-88 to 2007-08
Source: 96% number from http://blog.edmentum.com/leading-way-education-technology, http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll
40% under 30 - digital natives!
Tech companies bring devices and content ecosystems to K12 21 Apple dominates hardware while Google Apps for Education (GAFE) grows rapidly
App stores deliver rich, diverse content
Samsung
Apple
Amplify
Microsoft
Source: apple.com, google.com, samsung.com, edmodo.com, schoology.com
Cost of hardware lowers; “hardware-as-a-service” enables new buying flexibility
Though serious tech infrastructure challenges remain 22
93% of computers have internet access
72%
of schools have adequate bandwidth for 2017 estimates
Source: http://nces.ed.gov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=46
<1%
of schools lack adequate bandwidth to use 1:1 devices in every classroom BUT
-125
-105
-85
-65
-45
-25
-5
15
35
1990
19
91
1992
19
93
1994
19
95
1996
19
97
1998
19
99
2000
20
01
2002
20
03
2004
20
05
2006
20
07
2008
20
09
2010
20
11
2012
E 20
13E
2014
E 20
15E
2016
E
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall
State and local budgets are tightening 23
K-12 Funding Sources
Source: The Parthenon Group
U.S. K-12 Education Spending YoY Growth by Fiscal Year, 1991-2011 State and Local Budget Surplus/Shortfall by Fiscal Year, 1990-2015F
$B
13
-4 -2 -5
5 8 17
29 43 45 47
18
-47 -59
-16
14
46 34
-21
-103
-45 -37
-76
-52 -36
6
42
-125
-105
-85
-65
-45
-25
-5
15
35
55
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall Historical Forecasting
Net Funding Surplus/Shortfall 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
Series 1 %
Venture capital flows into K-12: 74 financings in 2012 24 $427m from angels and institutional funders, transaction size ranges from $.2-80m
Source: http://www.newschools.org/blog/closer-look
Angel investment fueling early stage edtech 25 Breakdown of NSVF co-investors reveals demographics of capital sources
Source: NSVF
0%#
10%#
20%#
30%#
40%#
Socially#Aligne
d#Investors#
Angel#Investors#
Tradi:on
al#VC#
Foun
da:o
ns#
Socially#Aligne
d#Investors#
Angel#Investors#
Tradi:on
al#VC#
Foun
da:o
ns#
2012# 2013#
Percen
tage)of)D
ollars)Syndicated)
Composi6on)of)NSVF)Syndicated)Investors)
NSVF)Syndicate)Investors)Socially#aligned#and#tradi:onal#venture#firms#are#an#increasingly#important#part#of#the#Seed#Fund's#funding#network# Composition of NSVF Syndicate Investors
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
The economy demands new skills 26 In computer science alone, a one million job shortage
1.4million computing jobs
400,000 computer science students
1,000,000 more jobs than students by 2020 9 out of 10 schools don’t even offer programming classes
In 2020: 51,474 graduates / 122,300 CS jobs
Source: https://www.zdnet.com/vc-firm-study-high-skilled-stem-talent-shortage-in-u-s-is-real-7000016053
100 Million dollars from Obama for jobs in education
Educational attainment is correlated to higher earnings 27 And lower unemployment
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Current Population Survey
Summary 28
Ø The Common Core State Standards will allow for states to collaborate and compare data as students think more critically
Ø Younger teachers and newer jobs pave the way for innovation and technology (which is everywhere)
Ø Consumer technology companies enter K12 market with hardware + software
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports
Re-imagined Tools Used by over 25 million students in US K12
3
“We need technology in every classroom and in every student and teacher’s hand, because it is the pen and paper of our time, and it is the lens through which we experience much of our world.”
David Warlick North Carolina State Department of Public Instruction
Re-imagination of literature 30 One size fits all à personalized and interactive
Print, static, limited to physical supply Accessible anywhere, customized by teacher, personalized
Re-imagination of current events 31 Periodic updates à real time stories with comprehension checks
Print, updated weekly, standardized Accessible anywhere, personalized, adaptive
Re-imagination of behavior management 32 Sticker charts à ongoing feedback and behavior tracking
Labor intensive, limited data, not visible to parents or guardians
Mobile, quick, accessible to parents and guardians
Re-imagination of engagement 33 Abstract and standardized problems à relevant and personalized content
Generic, often irrelevant to the students’ life Problems based on personal interest and real world applications
Re-imagination of assessment formats 34 Deterministic and summative à open-ended and formative
Right or wrong, guessing is prevalent Real time enables more tailored instruction and quick adjustments
Re-imagination of credentialing 35 Physical diplomas à credentialing and e-portfolio services
Brand focused, lacks visibility into skills Tracks progress, competency, and mastery – useful to employers
Re-imagination of data 36 Report cards à interactive dashboards
Static, quarterly reports with little qualitative data Real-time, accessible, more nuanced and diverse data, can be mastery based
Re-imagination of teacher training 37 From static resources to interactive video and assistance
One size fits all, theory-heavy programs Online, personalized, simulation based, focus on skill mastery
Summary 38
Ø Every corner of the education system is being touched by innovation and/or technology
Ø Many startups are targeting districts or systems to make the analytics, outcome measuring, technology, and buying more streamlined and efficacious
Ø View the entire edsurge edtech index (originally by NewSchools) here: https://www.edsurge.com/products/
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports
New instructional models 4
“Our collective charge in K-12 innovation today should go beyond merely designing and producing new tools. Rather, our focus should primarily be to design new classroom models that take advantage of what these tools can do.”
Joel Rose Founder, New Classrooms
Lab Rotation 40 Students receive instruction from teacher and practice online
eg: Milpitas Schools District, original Rocketship
Classroom with computers
Classroom with teacher
Student groups rotate between traditional classroom and online instruction in a computer or learning lab
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/, https://phs.pusdk12.org/library
Group A
Flex Rotation 41 Students work at own pace with small group sessions when needed
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/
Group A
Students learn primarily online in a brick and mortar school location
Classroom with computers
eg: Carpe Diem Schools, Summit
Classroom Rotation 42 Learn basics online, practice in groups, and go beyond with teacher
Students groups rotate between traditional classroom instruction and online instruction within the classroom
Group with computers
Group with teacher Small work groups
eg: KIPP Empower Academy, Alliance Public Schools, Mission Dolores
Academy
Source: Education Elements http://educationelements.com/our-services/blended-learning-model-schools and http://www.christenseninstitute.org/blended-learning-model-definitions/
Flipped Classroom 43 Watching content at home frees up class time to go deeper
Classroom Flip
Learning Through Activity
Educational Technology
The Learning Environment
provides opportunity for
influences influences
uses
Anecdotal student achievement results can be dramatic, reducing failure rates by 30% in several cases. To do so needs thoughtful implementation:
Source: http://www.knewton.com/flipped-classroom/
To see a detailed implementation guide, visit: http://learningaccelerator.org/media/5965a4f8/DLNSS.BL2PDF.9.24.13.pdf
Create conditions for success Plan Implement Improve
Charter schools also growing to support new models 44 With over 5000 schools and 2.3 million students, many focused on high needs areas
Source: http://www.uscharters.org/2013/01/us-charter-school-movement-reaches-new.html
INCREASE IN CHARTER SCHOOLS AND ITS STUDENTS
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2002-2003 2007-2008 2012-2013
Thou
sand
s
Enrolled Students Number of Schools
10 YRS: 135% GROWTH Schools
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
NEW schools
CLOSED schools
# o
f sch
ools
School year
NUMBER OF NEW & CLOSED CHARTER SCHOOLS
Summary 45
Ø Schools are changing the way time is spent in the classroom Ø With improved data feedback from tech to teacher, teachers can better tailor
instruction to individuals or groups dynamically Ø Many schools are experimenting with new models, and we will see much more
innovation to come
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports
So, you want to re-imagine education?
46
JOIN IN 47
edsurge.com/jobs
JOIN OUR COMMUNITY
edsurge.com/events
newschools.org/entrepreneurs
newschools.org/community
WORK FOR A START UP
ATTEND AN EVENT
LEARN MORE
Ø http://www.newschools.org/entrepreneurs
Appendix
48
US lags even in basic technology proficiency 49 Like coordinating and updating reservations online
Parents expect more than 3 R’s from education systems 50
When asked which result was “most essential” in K12 after reading, math, and STEM education, parents were divided:
24%
16%
15%
14%
16%
15% Vocational Preparation
Citizenship, Democracy, and Leadership skills
High Test Scores
Openness to Diversity
Arts and Music instruction
College Acceptance
Source: What Parents Want: Education Preferences and Trade-offs (A Fordham Report)
New “Deeper thinking” tests are harder 51 As new standards roll out, test scores fall (public and private)
Percentage of New York City students who were proficient
Source: New York State Education Department
Higher income students more likely to attend selective college
52
20% of Americans control 95% of the wealth 53 And dramatically different opportunities are available to that 80%
Source: http://www2.ucsc.edu/whorulesamerica/power/wealth.html
35%
28%
14%
12%
11%
Top 1%
Next 4%
Next 5%
Next 10%
Bottom 80%
42%
30%
13%
11%
5%
Net worth distribution, 2010
Financial wealth distribution, 2010
Bottom 80% : 11% of net worth
Bottom 80% : 5% of financial wealth
Over $687 billion spent on US K-12, mostly state and local 54 According to the Global Silicon Valley estimates
K-12 Funding Sources (1971-2009)
Source: Committee on Education Funding Note: Assembled by Jenny House, President of Redrock Reports
Financially struggling students overrepresented in pool of dropouts
55
Poverty Experience of Children Not Graduating from High School
No 62%
Yes 38%
No 30%
Yes 70%
Poverty Experience of All Children
Poverty Experience of Children Not Graduating
Source: http://www.aecf.org/~/media/Pubs/Topics/Education/Other/DoubleJeopardyHowThirdGradeReadingSkillsandPovery/DoubleJeopardyReport040511FINAL.pdf
Teachers have fewer years of experience 56
Source http://www.gse.upenn.edu/review/feature/ingersoll :
Years of Experience of Public School Teachers, 1987-88 to 2007-08
Different majors lead to different earnings 57
Source: http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2013/09/10/219372252/the-most-and-least-lucrative-college-majors-in-1-graph