Re-thinking Strategy on climate change, animal health,
livestock markets and policy in Pastoralist Areas of East
Africa (ReSAHMaP): A national policy dialogue supporting
livestock policy and practice in Kenya
Proceedings of the national forum
Prepared by:
Dr. Oscar Okumu
Centre for African Bio-Entrepreneurship
2nd and 3rd May 2018, Pride-Inn Hotel, Westlands, Nairobi
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Table of Contents
Executive summary ............................................................................................................................... 3
1.0 Introduction and objectives of the workshop .................................................................................... 4
1.1 Welcome and opening remarks by CABE and OSIEA ............................................................ 4
1.2 Brief on ReSAHMaP Project ................................................................................................... 5
1.3 Key note address ....................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 Climate Change and Pastoralism ...................................................................................................... 7
2. 1 Climate Change and Vulnerability ........................................................................................... 7
2.2 Vulnerability and adaptive capacity of pastoral communities .................................................. 7
2.3 Show case of climate smart innovations .................................................................................. 8
3.0 Animal Health and Pastoralism......................................................................................................... 9
3. 1 Integrated disease control in a devolved system in Kenya: Case of Turkana County ................. 9
3. 2 State of Animal health service delivery in Kajiado County ....................................................... 10
3. 3 Legal Framework Based Opportunities to Strengthen Private Sector Involvement in veterinary
service delivery (VSD) in the ASALS. ............................................................................................. 10
3. 4 Showcase of innovations in animal health service delivery: ..................................................... 11
4.0 Livestock trade and marketing ........................................................................................................ 11
4.1Presentation of key policy messages on livestock trade and marketing ...................................... 11
4.3 Discussant on livestock trade and marketing .............................................................................. 13
5.0 Synthesis of implications for policy & development ...................................................................... 15
6. 0 Way forward and closing remarks ................................................................................................. 16
Annex 2: List of participants ................................................................................................................ 19
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Executive summary
The Centre for African Bio-Entrepreneurship (CABE) in collaboration with Open Society for
Eastern Africa (OSIEA) hosted the national dialogue on livestock policy and practice in
Kenya. The aim of the workshop was to share insights on critical policy on climate change,
animal health, livestock markets and trade that affects Pastoralist areas of Kenya.
Day one of the workshop focused on presentations and discussions on ReSAHMaP project,
climate change and pastoralism, and animal health service delivery in pastoral areas. On
climate change, it is evident that many factors contribute to the severity such as increasing
population and human activities, urbanization, destruction of forests. Both extremes of
weather patterns (drought and heavy rains leading to floods) cause loss of livestock but there
are accompanying social impacts such as resource conflicts and gender imbalance.
Vulnerability is directly related to poverty index, illiteracy levels and adaptive capacity of
communities. In ASAL areas, communities have low adaptive capacity and people’s
preparedness to climate change is weak, and majority ignore early warning alerts issued.
Therefore, to respond to climate change in pastoral areas of Kenya, policy makers and other
stakeholders need to enhance food security and nutrition, support pastoral livelihood
diversification, promote community-owned conservancies and protect water bodies by
planting trees.
On animal health service delivery, the implementation of animal health and disease control
programs is hampered by timing and low coverage of livestock vaccination, lask of access to
quality veterinary drugs, lack of institutionalization of CAHWs, and aantimicrobial and
acaricide resistance. The livestock ministries have fewer technical staffs that are not able to
provide veterinary services and there is poor succession plan. The finances are often
iinadequate and delayed especially for vaccination and in most instances, the livestock
vaccines are unavailable. Therefore, for successful delivery of veterinary services, there is the
need for more allocation of financial and human resources to enable County government to
employ more qualified staff and acquire necessary infrastructure for effective delivery of
veterinary services.
Day two of the forum focussed on livestock trade and marketing and synthesis of
implications for policy and development. The trade and marketing challenges included
remoteness, inadequately developed infrastructure, the mobility of their suppliers, and the
extreme seasonal variations in supplies. Therefore, there is need for developing a framework
for market coordination (within counties and inter-county); strengthen grassroots livestock
producer organizations and marketing organizations; promote investment in common
manufacturing facilities supporting alternative niche and specialty organic livestock products;
and strengthen inter-county dialogues on livestock development with key areas of interest
being harmonization of levies, pooled inter-county infrastructural investments and
establishment of a framework of checks and balances for county investments on livestock
development. For export markets, the animals need to be disease free and produced at
appropriate age and sizes to meet the export market demand.
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1.0 Introduction and objectives of the workshop
The Re-thinking Strategy on Animal health, markets and policy in Pastoralist areas of East
Africa (ReSAHMaP) project was implemented by CABE with financial support from OSIEA
and it aimed at enhancing the capacity of pastoralist to participate in policy processes for
food security in East Africa.
This national forum was the culmination of ReSAHMaP project which focused on advocating
for policies that help to improve livestock marketing and trade, animal health service delivery
and climate change mitigation in pastoral areas of Kenya. Interventions commenced in the
year 2015 through to 2017 where great lessons were learnt.
As one of the closure activities, the project partners organized a 2-day national policy
dialogue aimed at sharing the lessons learnt to contribute towards scaling up of livestock
sector development in ASAL Counties. The scheduled national forum followed dialogues
held mainly in Turkana County in 2016/2017. The national forum engaged different actors
supporting development of pastoral systems in Kenya.
The two day workshop where 40 participants attended was held at Pride-Inn Hotel in
Westlands, Nairobi on Wednesday 2nd May 2018 to Thursday 3rd May 2018. The participants
were drawn from different groups of stakeholders. The list of participants and the
organizations represented can be found in annex 2.
1.1 Welcome and opening remarks by CABE and OSIEA
Remarks from Dr. Hannington Odame, Executive Director, CABE
Dr. Odame, welcomed the participants to the
workshop and gave an overview of CABE and
key activities carried out with the pastoralists
over the two years of ReSAHMaP project
implementation. The need for mobilising and
engaging pastoralists for policy dialogues was
emphasised especially in regards to climate
change, animal health and veterinary service
delivery and livestock trade and marketing.
Throughout the project period, 3 policy briefs
were developed focusing on responding to
climate ravages in pastoral areas of Kenya. The policy briefs had important key messages that
necessitated engagement of pastoralists to dialogue on critical issues affecting pastoral
systems and their main source of livelihood, livestock.
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Remarks from Mrs. Ruth Omondi, OSIEA Communications Officer
OSIEA representative Mrs. Ruth Omondi also
highlighted the OSIEA program areas,
especially the economic governance where key
priority areas include macro-economic policy,
natural resource governance and food security.
The food security component focuses on
pastoralist adaptation to and mitigation of
climate change, extension services for livestock
health and market and policies for pastoral
communities –all being what ReSAHMaP
addressed. She appreciated working with CABE
to build the capacity of pastoralists and help them in building their resilience to climate
change shocks. She emphasised the importance of projects such as ReSAHMaP in helping the
marginalised pastoral communities to develop their food production system –in line with the
governments’ big four agenda where food security is one of the priority pillars.
1.2 Brief on ReSAHMaP Project
Elsie Kangai, Program Manager, CABE
Elsie briefed the participants about CABE’s interest
in pastoralism, ReSAHMaP project, the activities and
objectives of the national forum.
She emphasized that development partners have
supported several initiatives to improve the
performance of the livestock sector in the pastoral
areas but these initiatives have not translated into
better livelihoods for pastoral communities –thus the
need for a dialogue. Therefore, the ReSAHMaP
national forum provided a platform for policy engagement in order to advocate for policies
that will help to improve livestock marketing, animal health service delivery and climate
change mitigation in pastoral areas of Kenya.
1.3 Key note address
Dr. Michael Cheruiyot, the Deputy Director Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture,
Livestock and Fisheries.
Dr. Cheruiyot anchored his presentation on climate change as a cross-cutting issue that
affects pastoralists and a crisis to humanity. He attributed climate change to many factors
including increasing population and human activities, urbanization, destruction of forests and
increase in livestock population contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. He emphasized
that there are two extremes of weather patterns (drought and heavy rains leading to floods)
both causing loss of livestock in ASAL areas, increase in disease incidences, emergence of
new diseases and conflicts over grazing land and water resources.
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In an effort to respond to climate change, he noted that in many instances, peoples
preparedness is weak and majority ignore early warning alerts issued by Kenya Meteorology
Departments (KMD). He urged pastoral communities to take prompt action after alerts from
KMD by ensuring that they preserve enough pasture and animals are vaccinated in good time.
Dr. Cheruiyot also emphasized the need for all stakeholders to understand their roles in
climate change response and roles in livestock value chain –from livestock owner to the
national government. He noted that disease control is a devolved function under the new
Constitution and therefore it would be wrong to put blame to the national government for
failure to respond.
He also alluded that budgetary allocation to livestock sector was dismal since most Counties
allocate more funds to agriculture (crops) sector than livestock sector, even in Counties where
livestock is the main source of livelihood. This hinders provision of animal health services
and overall development of livestock value chains. He also emphasized the need for the
County government to employ more staff in the livestock department and address the
information gap between the pastoralists and veterinary service providers.
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2.0 Climate Change and Pastoralism
2. 1 Climate Change and Vulnerability
Dr. David Gikungu, KMD and Dr. Hannington Odame, CABE
The presentation by Kenya Meteorology Department focused on rrainfall and temperature
patterns and trends in Kenya, climatic patterns of Marsabit and Turkana Counties and
vulnerability and adaptive capacity in pastoral communities. Proper definition and differences
between climate change and climate variability was
highlighted. Dr. Gikungu emphasized that in
ReSAHMaP area of focus, Turkana and Marsabit
counties, climate change has largely been
manifested by rising temperatures and erratic
rainfall patterns.
The rainfall charts of the 1960-2014 periods for
both Lodwar and Marsabit depict evident rainfall
variability with extreme events. Both Counties
experience rising mean minimum and mean
maximum temperatures.
He showed vulnerability maps indicating that
ASAL Counties have high exposure to climate
induced hazards. The maps indicate that
vulnerability is directly related to poverty index,
illiteracy levels and adaptive capacity of
communities. This implies that all ASAL areas
have low adaptive capacity to climate change.
2.2 Vulnerability and adaptive capacity of pastoral communities
Dr. Odame noted that the main impacts of climate change in pastoral communities are felt
more in livestock sector. He emphasized that the main impacts of climate change in pastoral
communities include animal deaths and reduced productivity; diminished meat and milk
supply; reduced production days. Climate change also has social impacts, causes resource
conflicts and gender imbalance. He noted that due to climate change, there is increased
migration of men to urban areas leaving women and girls to handle most livestock duties
instead of going to school.
1.4 Highlight from the video on climate change and pastoralism
• There are two extremes of weather both drought and floods which affect
pastoralists and their source of livelihood.
• Many livestock and human deaths due lack of water and pasture
• Cross border movement in search of water and pasture results in conflicts and
disease spread. Since movement is often towards inaccessible areas it’s always
difficult to provide veterinary services
• Pastoralists have indigenous coping mechanisms to climate change
• Need to diversification into other small enterprises as alternative livelihood source
• Need for stakeholders to collaboratively respond to climate change
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Despite the impacts of climate change on pastoralists, there is evidence that pastoralists have
been adaptive and have used their indigenous knowledge to respond to climate change –
though some of this knowledge has not been documented.
Dr. Odame highlighted that in order to respond to climate change in pastoral areas of Kenya,
policy makers and other stakeholders need to:
Enhance food security and nutrition Support pastoral livelihood diversification
Promote community-owned conservanciess to enhance food security, sustainable
resources management and conflict resolution.
Protect water bodies by planting trees that preserve water bodies and maintain
traditional water harvesting techniques
Develop and implement investment policies on infrastructure and improve adaptive
capacity of actors to improve efficiency of response to climate change
Discussion on climate change revealed that there is need for behavior change and awareness
on climate change and pastoralism; adopting climate smart agriculture as a potential within
the pastoral system; and mitigating the effects of climate change by improving the forest
cover.
2.3 Show case of climate smart innovations
Mr. Tumal Orto -Northern Climate Resilience Initiative and Mr. Michael Kibue and Isaac
Namute-Keekonyokie Green Slaughter House
Mr. Tumal made a presentation on climate smart innovations on animal husbandry and proper
management which included: traditional early warning systems by ‘intestine readers’;
deworming of animals to reduce stress; watering during drought; breed selection for
adaptability to drought; planned breeding such that calving occurs during wet grazing season;
proper grazing plans and radio talk shows for information dissemination.
Mr. Michael Kibue and Isaac Namute show cased on Keekonyokie green slaughter house is a
Maasai pastoralist owned slaughter house in Kajiado County. The slaughterhouse converts
the slaughterhouse waste to biogas for lighting and is in the process of packaging biogas
(Keeko gas) as an alternative business enterprise. The slurry is used to regenerate grass
rangelands.
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The slurry is mixed with grass seed and through re-seeding; they are able to grow grass in the
rangeland. Already a pilot has been done using Cenchrus grass. The key concern that came
from the plenary was if during the reseeding process they managed to experiment with
different grass varieties especially those that have been confirmed to fit the agro-ecological
zone or species that are not invasive and destructive to the environment.
3.0 Animal Health and Pastoralism
3. 1 Integrated disease control in a devolved system in Kenya: Case of Turkana County
Dr. Oscar Okumu –Consultant, CABE
Dr. Okumu presented on some of the challenges revolving around livestock diseases and
provision of veterinary service in pastoral areas of Kenya. Evidence from Turkana County
indicate that the challenges including ddisease outbreaks; inadequate veterinary services due
to few veterinary staff; extension support services –hindered by insecurity, poor
infrastructure, high cost of service delivery, vastness of the areas; climate change and
frequent droughts. The droughts result in movement of livestock in search of pasture and
water, leading to spread of livestock diseases; while floods cause eruption of diseases, some
zoonotic e.g. RVF that causes massive livestock deaths.
In the discussion, the contentious issues regarding implementation of animal health and
disease control programs included:
• Timing of livestock vaccination and treatment programs since most vaccinations are
carried out during dry season when animals are weak and in grazing fields with limited
access.
• Low vaccination coverage below the recommended 80% of all animals to ensure
effectiveness of vaccination.
• Lack of access to quality veterinary drugs with many expired and counterfeit drugs on
Agrovet shelves.
• Beneficiaries of compensations for Index based Livestock Insurance (IBLI).
• The role of the community disease reporters (CAHWs) and their institutionalization.
• Antimicrobial and acaricide resistance and its impact on food safety and international
export trade.
Issues for implementation by the County and National Government
• Sufficient allocation of resources for timely vaccination and disease management
• Implement an integrated control of livestock movement and synchronised
reinforcement of quarantines on disease control and management.
• Operationalize the One-health concept at the county level by establishing a platform
for interaction of key one-health players and decision makers
• Supporting a Community Animal Health Workers program to control and reduce
disease risks but in accordance with the VSPVP Act 2011
• Transition from CAHWs to KVB approved structures
• Develop and implement a central training curricular under the guidance of the VSVP
Act 2011 to strengthen the incorporation of the CAHWs in disease control.
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3. 2 State of Animal health service delivery in Kajiado County
Dr. Jackton Achola –County Director of Veterinary Services, Kajiado County
Dr. Achola highlighted key emerging issues that affect livestock production and health as
being:
• Land sub-divisions, urbanization and the sale of land and fencing for human
settlement.
• Transboundary and weather-related livestock diseases that cause livestock deaths and
affect trade.
• Fewer technical staffs who are not able to
provide veterinary services coupled with poor
succession plan.
• Inadequate and delayed finances especially for
vaccination.
• Unavailability of livestock vaccines from
KEVEVAPI thus vaccination coverage is never
sufficient to ensure effective disease prevention.
Interventions on Animal Health Services Delivery
Lobbying for increased funding through the County government and other partners
for improvement of the livestock activities such as vaccinations, disease surveillance,
extension services, etc.
KEVEVAPI to increase vaccine production capacity to meet the demand
Lobbying for recruitment of more technical staff to improve on efficiency and
effectiveness.
Improvement on pasture production and conservation
3. 3 Legal Framework Based Opportunities to Strengthen Private Sector Involvement in
veterinary service delivery (VSD) in the ASALS.
Dr. Mwenda Mbaka, President, Association of African Veterinary Statutory Bodies
Dr. Mbaka presented on the challenges of veterinary service delivery (VSD) in ASAL areas.
From the presentation the key highlights were:
• Animal welfare is a dominant issue hindering productivity and access to markets in
ASALs. Inclusion of animal welfare in policy [adequate VSD, feed, & relief in
disasters]—thus the need for veterinary training in animal welfare.
• The percentage ccontribution of animal production to GDP gets underestimated by
about 2.5 times.
• The number of vets required per value of livestock units is very low for all livestock
species.
Emerging issues from the discussion include the fact that there is a gap in human resource
capacity to provide veterinary services. There are 2818 veterinary doctors registered since
1953, about 1800 active and about 1100 retained. This number of vets is quite low
considering the OIE prescribed standard of number vets per value of livestock units. Kenya
being a member of OIE and having signed the international treaties on the Application of
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Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) this stringent regulation is necessary
especially for purposes of international trade.
3. 4 Showcase of disease surveillance and innovations in animal health service delivery:
Dr. Wangoru Kihara –Researcher, ILRI
Dr. Kihara presented innovation on disease surveillance and reporting which involves
community trainings and sensitization to enhance reporting, development of data collection
and management system, and characterization of causative agents from reported outbreaks
The highlight of the presentation was on:
• Defining the new role of CAHWs/CDRs to be
engaged effectively in disease surveillance
and reporting.
• How the CDRs collect information on possible
rumors of disease outbreaks, and then report to
the sub-County and County Veterinary
Officers.
• Improved linkages between technical
personnel in the counties and community
disease reporters. It is however still not clear
how the Counties can improve CDRs work
from volunteers to full time and how they can be useful in research on emerging
diseases.
4.0 Livestock trade and marketing
4.1Presentation of key policy messages on livestock trade and marketing
Ms. Elsie Kangai, Program Manager, CABE
The presentation on livestock trade and marketing indicated that the contribution of livestock
to GDP is on a downward trend from 5.3% in 2013 to 4.4% in 2017 (Econ Survey, 2018).
Development partners have supported several initiatives to improve the performance of the
livestock sector in the pastoral areas but these initiatives have not translated into better
livelihoods for pastoral communities.
Through ReSAHMaP project a comparison of insights on livestock trade and marketing was
made between two Counties, Turkana and Kajiado as shown in Table 1 below:
Insights from Turkana
✓ Livestock marketing is largely buyer-
driven and significantly oriented to
subsistence production
✓ Inadequately developed infrastructure
which doesn’t align with migratory
routes
✓ Extreme seasonal variation in
supplies –dis-incentive to traders.
Insights from Kajiado
✓ Well-structured livestock markets and market
days --sale yards require proper fencing,
surface leveling and provision essential
facilities such as water, toilets and waste
disposal mechanisms and allocation of spaces
for other business in the market.
✓ Limited capacity to restock after recent losses
associated with drought
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✓ Few marketing channels which also
concentrated on a limited range of
animals and animal products
✓ Co-management of markets in 27 of
the 32 livestock markets in the county
✓ Charging of cess/levies in sale yards,
slaughter slabs and from livestock
hides and skins is done in isolation.
✓ Revenue sharing between LMAs and
county government but with limited
accountability -creates mistrust of the
institution which should be lobbying
and advocating for pastoralist rights
within the County
✓ Uncoordinated charging of cess
across counties
✓ High transport cost mainly
occasioned by poor road
infrastructure and insecurity
✓ About ¾ of livestock marketed in Bissil
Market comes from Tanzania through
undesignated routes -price competition
✓ Encroachment of holding grounds
✓ Introduction of price setting mechanisms –
installation of weighing machines and selling
by weight
✓ Pastoralists not aware how cess collected from
markets is utilized
✓ Reliance on a private slaughter facility that
charges exorbitant fees –Average Ksh1000 per
cow, Ksh500 per goat/sheep
✓ There are 5 dairy cooperatives run and
managed by women –mainly aggregating &
cooling
✓ Limited inter-generational transfer of skills
and knowledge on traditional methods of
adding value to livestock products
✓ Few alternative livestock enterprises in the
county
Implications for policy and practice
• The need to develop a framework for market coordination (within counties and inter-
county) –an opportunity to pool resources for investments, enhance market
information access, enhance security and disease control measures.
• A call to strengthen grassroots livestock producer organizations & marketing
organizations –enhances capacity building, enhances bargaining power, effective
information access, technology adoption
• Promote investment in common manufacturing facilities supporting alternative niche
& specialty organic livestock products and promote them through the emerging
annual cultural events in the counties
• Strengthen inter-county dialogues on livestock development with key areas of interest
being harmonization of levies, pooled inter-county infrastructural investments
(airports, slaughter facilities and key livestock markets) and establishment of a
framework of checks and balances for county investments on livestock development
4.2 The role of the private sector in livestock trade and marketing
Dr. Chip Stem, CEO, Livestock Trade Services, Ltd
Dr. Stem presented on the increasing global demand for livestock and livestock product
especially due to population growth and rising global middle class. He emphasized that
transition to middle class leads to a transition from plant-based dietary proteins to livestock
protein implying increasing demand for livestock and livestock products.
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The presentation focused more on Kenya’s comparative advantage:
• Exporters preference to trading in live
animals as opposed to meat --because
of quality and desired live animal
weights
• The Kenya’s advantage being trading
in large volumes
• The private export sector in Kenya
depending on pastoralists since the
private sector actors are not able to
breed large volumes of animals to
meet the export the demand
• The need for the animals to be disease free, resilient to drought and floods and be
produced at appropriate age and sizes to meet the market demand
• Importing countries preference for young tender meat while for live animals they
prefer animals that are similar to their own
For the private sector to make a difference to pastoralists’ livestock suppliers to meet the
export demand, they have to invest in short-term and long term strategies which include:
• Engage veterinary service providers as LTS agents in ensuring prevention and
treatment of diseases and identification of livestock for sell
• Drought relief as an incentive to loyal livestock suppliers during extreme climate
change conditions and supply of animal feed during drought
• Pasture regeneration through regenerative agriculture and holistic management
4.3 Discussant on livestock trade and marketing
Abdullahi Gulleid, Program Manager, Kenya Livestock Marketing Council (KLMC)
Mr. Gulleid discussed on the role of KLMC and how it fits with ReSAHMaP objectives,
especially on advocacy for better policies in the ASAL areas.
He cited a few examples where KLMC has helped to create favorable policies for
pastoralists:
• Promoting and piloting a co-management of market model in all counties where they
have developed a revenue sharing plan under which revenue (taxes) collected from
the markets are shared between the CLMC and County Council.
• Pushing for a bill in parliament on co-management of markets. This bill resulted in
formalization of the co-management model and the shift from co-management to
livestock sale yard management.
• As a result of steady collection of cess and its transparent use in the maintenance of
the livestock markets, traders and producers are able to access essential services that
are critical to their business.
• Addressing gaps such as multiple taxation along livestock transport corridor as they
move from ASAL Counties to terminal markets in Nairobi
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• Introduction of livelihood diversification for women and youth through value addition
of livestock and livestock products like milk, bones, horns and hides and skin,
thereafter linking them to major markets
4.4 Showcase of innovations in livestock enterprises and marketing: conservancy innovations
Mr. Daniel Muli, Regional coordinator, Maasai Mara Wildlife Conservancy Association
Mr. Muli show-cased on conservancies as an approach to better management of rangelands,
livestock commercialization and an entry point for livelihood diversification in ASALs. He
talked about the wildlife/livestock interface in Kenya’s conservancies, with emphasis that the
most important resource to all being the pastures and water.
MMWCA has played a significant role in identifying the priorities in the Mara region and has
helped to improve partnerships between the different conservancies and their communities.
MMWCA represents 14 conservancies and one national reserve covering 184,799 ha of land
that adds up to 10% of Narok County. The conservancy innovation involves:
• A shift from individual land ownership where livestock owners freely keep their
animals to the conservancies where communities have grazing plans that ensure
availability of enough pasture for both livestock and wildlife.
• Managing the wildlife/livestock interface by maintaining a balance between active
conservation of the ecosystem, in partnership with building and sustaining appropriate
enterprises for the resident communities, in particular through livestock enterprises
and tourism.
• The numbers of animals allowed to graze in the conservancies varies, depending on
factors that influence available pasture. Grazing has to be within the conservancy
carrying capacity
• The outcome of this model is enhanced quality and value of livestock within the
carrying capacity of the environment and consistent off take of optimal market-value
livestock from the environment
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5.0 Synthesis of implications for policy & development
After the discussion on all the thematic areas of climate change, animal health and veterinary
service delivery, and livestock trade and markets, a few points were noted as the take away
message. Dr. Odame posed a few questions to the panelist including:
• How to improve the efficiency of CAHWs and CDRs in veterinary service delivery;
• How to ensure public participation and priority resource allocation;
• How to build on indigenous knowledge and practice;
• How to tap into opportunities of domestic and export markets;
• How to engage economic investment groups especially to support value addition;
• What is working or not working learning from community conservancies;
• How to upscale the co-management market model; and
• How to improve preparedness and response on climate change information.
Highlights from the plenary session
The role of CAHWs and CDRs in veterinary service delivery: Dr. Achola, County
Director of Veterinary Services (Kajiado) acknowledged that CAHWs or CDRs are relevant
and needed at the County levels since they are the ones near the pastoralists and closer to
livestock. However, there is need of entrenching CDRs in KVB approved structures to
support VSD in ASALs. Due to understaffing and lack of succession planning, it calls for
training of more animal health assistants and deploy them in ASALs.
Call for greater public participation in county budgetary processes for increased
resource allocation towards livestock sub-sector: Mrs. Dorcas Epusiye, Member of County
Assembly (Turkana) and Dr. Michael Cheruiyot, Deputy Director of Veterinary Services,
reiterated the need for public participation in resource allocation for livestock health and
marketing especially in pastoral Counties where livestock is the main source of livelihood.
Prioritization of livestock should also be done during the making of County Integrated
Development Plans.
Holistic approach to animal welfare to
optimize the opportunities in domestic
markets and to access export markets:
Dr. Chip Stem, of KLS, talked about the
huge demand for livestock and livestock
product both locally and for export.
However this opportunity can be better
explored by ensuring production of
quality and disease free animals. Dr.
Michael Cheruiyot, Deputy Director of
Veterinary Services said that one of the
hindrances to export trade has been drug
residue levels in livestock. To achieve this disease free status, government and other partners
need to establish disease free zones and enforce quarantine measure in the event of disease
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outbreaks. Traceability mechanisms should also be put in place from the point of source to
the export markets.
Learning from community conservancies: Mr. Daniel Muli of MMWCA emphasized that
the conservancy model has enhanced commercialization of livestock value chain, improved
rangeland management and diversification of livelihoods. He called for up-scaling of this
model to other Counties. Conservancies can also be beneficial in assisting access government
services and also explore market linkages, beyond markets for beef but also sheep and goats
markets.
Enhanced preparedness will enhance response to impeding disasters and climate
change: the Kenya meteorology department usually gives alerts during expected periods of
heavy rains and drought. However, Mr. Tumal Orto, reflected on how the alert information is
always disseminated. He noted that this information is mainly aired on TV and newspapers
making it difficult for the pastoralists to get the information. It is therefore crucial for the
County met departments to localize the messages and relay to pastoralists in local languages
and on a timely basis., This should go hand in hand with timely release of funds,
improvement in delivering of vaccines, communication in many channels and localized
messages, and integrating ITK with modern practices.
Up-scaling of market co-management model: Many of the pastoralist representatives from
the 3 Counties welcomed the idea of up-scaling the co-management model. Promoting and
piloting a co-management of market model in all counties is critical since the revenue (taxes)
collected from the markets is shared between the CLMC and County Council. The steady
collection of cess and its transparent use in the maintenance of the livestock markets, will
ensure that traders and producers benefit from the market infrastructure and are able to access
essential services that are critical to their livestock business.
6. 0 Way forward and closing remarks
Hannington Odame of CABE concluded the workshop by emphasizing the need for evidence-
based research and practice on all issues touching on livelihood of pastoralists. He
encouraged partnerships and community participation as different actors leverage on the
resources they have when addressing climate change issues affecting pastoralists.
Ruth Omondi of OSIEA noted that OSIEA will continue partnering with CABE and other
partners in Kenya. She emphasized the fact that to achieve the big four government agenda,
OSIEA does not intend to leave behind any partner, especially when addressing the critical
agenda on food security.
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Annex 1: Workshop Programme Re-thinking Strategy on Animal health, markets and policy in Pastoralist Areas of
East Africa (ReSAHMaP): A national policy dialogue supporting livestock policy and practice in Kenya
Program
Venue: Pride Inn, Westlands, Nairobi
Day one - 2nd May 2018
Time Activity Responsible person
8.00-8.30 am Arrival and registration Ms. Nereah Anyango Administrative assistant, CABE
8.30-9.00 am Prayers and Introductions Ms. Elsie Kangai Program Manager, CABE
9.00-9.15 am Welcoming remarks Dr. Hannington Odame -Executive Director, CABE Mrs. Ruth Omondi – Communication Officer, OSIEA
9.15-9.30am Brief on ReSAHMaP project Elsie Kangai
9.30-9.45 am Key note address Dr. Michael Cheruiyot Deputy Director Veterinary Services, MoALF.
9.45-10.15 am Tea & Coffee break All
10.15-10.30 am Video documentary Mr. Micky Abachi
10.30-11.00 am Discussion and insights from the video
Dr. Hannington Odame
11.00-11.30 am Climate change & pastoralism Mr. David Gikungu, KMD Dr. Hannington Odame, CABE
11.30-12.00 noon
Discussant on climate change & pastoralism
Mr. James Kaoga Institute of climate change and adaptation(UoN)
12.00-12.30 Showcase of climate smart innovations
Mr. Tumal Orto -Northern Climate Resilience Initiative, Marsabit County; Mr. Michael Kibue -Keekonyokie Green Slaughter House, Kajiado County
12.30-1.00 pm Presentation on Animal health & pastoralism
Dr. Oscar Okumu –Research Associate CABE Dr. Jackton Achola –County Director of Veterinary Services, Kajiado County
1.00-2.00 pm Lunch All
2.00-3.00 pm Discussant on animal health service delivery for pastoral development Challenges of private veterinary services delivery in ASAL areas
Dr. Mwenda Mbaka Former Kenya Veterinary Board Chair, KVB
3.00-4.00 pm Showcase of innovations in animal health service delivery
Dr. Wangoru Kihara –Researcher, ILRI Mr. Paul Alex Lukhwenda -Environmental Resilience Officer, ASDSP, Turkana County
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4.00-4.30 pm Tea & Coffee break All
5.00 pm End of day one
Day two: 3rd May 2018
8.30-9.00 am Recap of Day one Mr. Paul Alex Lukhwenda -Environmental Resilience Officer, ASDSP, Turkana County
9.00-9.30 am Presentation of key policy messages on livestock trade & marketing
Ms. Elsie Kangai Program Manager, CABE
9.30-10.00 am Discussant on livestock trade & marketing
Abdullahi Gulleid Program Manager, Kenya Livestock Marketing Council
10.00-10.30 am Tea & Coffee break All
10.30-11.00 am Showcase of innovations in livestock enterprises & marketing
Mr. Daniel Muli Regional coordinator, Maasai Mara Wildlife Conservancy Association
11.00-12.00 noon
Synthesis of implications for policy & development
Mr. Paul Alex Lukhwenda -Environmental Resilience Officer, ASDSP, Turkana County Dr. Chip Stem, CEO Livestock Trade Services, Ltd Dr. Michael Cheruiyot Deputy Director Veterinary Services, MoALF Mrs. Dorcas Epusiye-CLMC Board Mr. Tumal Orto -Northern Climate Resilience Initiative, Marsabit County
12.00-12.30 pm Way forward & opportunities for partnerships
Mrs. Ruth Omondi, OSIEA Dr. Hannington Odame, CABE
12.30-1.30 pm Lunch All
2.00 pm Departure All
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Annex 2: List of participants
SUPPORTING DIALOGUE ON LIVESTOCK POLICY AND PRACTICE IN KENYA Venue: Pride Inn Hotel, Nairobi
List of participants
Name Organization Position in Organization
Email Address
1 Ekitela Lucas KARMA
Director [email protected]
2 Dorcas Epusiye
Turkana CLMC Board [email protected]
3 Mark Kotol Ekal
Turkana CLMC Board [email protected]
4 Alex Paul Lukwenda
ASDSP- Turkana
Resilience Officer [email protected]
5 Turmal Orto
Marsabit Chairman [email protected]
6 Bonaya Abduba Galgalo Marsabit
Member
7 Halaku Biru Alkam
Marsabit CMAP
8 Daniel Muli
MMWCA
Regional coordinator [email protected]
9 David Langat
Narok County Cooperative Officer
10 Jackton Achola
Kajiado County Director of Veterinary Services
11 Nayianae Koimerek
Kajiado Pastoralist
12 Koyiai Kulankash
Kajiado Pastoralist
13 Raphael Shololoi
Kajiado Livestock Production Officer
14 Dr. David Gikungu
Kenya Meteorological Department
Senior Assistant Director
15 Maurice Ouma
Resillience project Project Market Access and Trade officer
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16 Dr. Michael Cheruiyot MOALF
Deputy Director of Veterinary Services
17 Dr. Mwenda Mbaka
AAVSB President [email protected]
18 Abdullahi Gulleid
Kenya Livestock Marketing council
Program Manager [email protected]
19 Dr. Lolokote Sainyugu
Kenya Meat Commission Livestock Manager [email protected]
20 Michael Kibue
Keekonyokie slaughter house
Technical Management
21 Isaac Nemuta
Keekonyokie slaughter house
Board Member [email protected]
22 James Kaoga Institute of climate change and adaptation(UoN)
Lecturer [email protected]
23 Dr. Chip Stem Livestock Trade Services CEO [email protected]
24 Wangoru Kihara ILRI Consultant [email protected]
25 Anthony Makokha Media Media [email protected]
26 Brian Masereti Grafix Media Videographer [email protected]
27 Samuel Desmond Grafix Media Videographer [email protected]
28 Monica Yator Pastoralist Development Network of Kenya
Program Officer [email protected]
29 Milton Ogada Green Africa Foundation Program Officer [email protected]
30 Ruth Omondi OSIEA Communications Officer
31 John Ole Paitah Kajiado County Member 0712 709419
32 Dr. Hannington Odame CABE Executive Director [email protected]
33 Elsie Kangai CABE Program Manager [email protected]
34 Oscar Okumu CABE Consultant [email protected]
35 Mercy Nduati CABE Communication Officer
36 Nereah Anyango CABE Administrative Assistant
37 Christopher Ojiambo CABE Finance Assistant [email protected]
38 David Kanda SNV Consultant [email protected]
39 Micky Abachi CABE Operations and Logistics Officer
