Read Chapt. 1Do Hwk#1 P.25-26 3,4,5,7,10-12,14,17-18,28-29)

From Each Chapter –Term Project-Choose one website question-

Create Formula Sheet-No definitions or sample problems/examples-No quiz or previous exam questions/notes-Formulas in Sample Problems & Chapters-Figures in Chapter

Book Overview

COURSE OVERVIEW

WATER HYDRAULICS, HYDROLOGY,WATERQUALITY, WATER POLLUTION, DRINKING WATER PURIFICATION,STORMWATER,WASTEWATER TREATMENT

SOLIDSSANITARY SEWER SYSTEMSMUNICIPAL SOLID WASTEHAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

AIRAIR POLLUTION AND CONTROL

NOISENOISE POLLUTION AND CONTROL

•HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS (DETERGENTS, CLOTHES, FOODS, ETC.)•POTABLE WATER (CITY OR WELL WATER)•ENERGY (GAS,OIL, AND ELECTRICITY)(ASBESTOS/LEADS/ETC.)

MAN –MADE MATERIALS THAT ENTER A HOME

NATURAL ELEMENTS THAT ENTER A HOME

RODENTS, INSECT, HUMANS, STORMWATER, AIR, ETC.

•SOLID WASTE/POLLUTANTS (LANDFILL)•SEWAGE AND SEPTIC SYSTEMS•CARBON MONOXIDE, OIL POLLUTANTS

MAN –MADE MATERIALS THAT EXIT A HOME

NATURAL ELEMENTS THAT EXIT A HOME

•COMMUNICABLE DISEASES•STORM DRAINAGE

•RAW MATERIALS (METALS, PLASTIC, RUBBER, ETC.)•ENERGY (GAS,OIL, ETC.)•EQUIPMENT (TRUCKS, GENERATORS, ETC)

MAN –MADE MATERIALS THAT ENTER COMMERCIAL FACTORY

•AIR POLLUTION•NOISE POLLUTION•SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE(BY PRODUCTS -I.E. SILICA FUMES, SOLVENTS- VINYL CHLORIDES, ETC. )

MAN –MADE MATERIALS THAT EXIT COMMERCIAL FACTORY

•CATALYTIC CONVERTERS (NITROUS OXIDE-global warming)•CARBON MONOXIDE•MTBE (Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether)

reduces CO and increase OctaneCarcinogen in groundwater

• Rubber Tires are a solid waste

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS RELATED TO AUTOMOBILES

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

AIR WATER

LAND

Acid

Rain

Human Contact

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES -PATHOGENS microscopic organism that cause diseases

DIR

EC

T

TR

AN

SM

ISS

ION

(i.e

poo

r hy

gien

e)

Air B

orne

Dust/A

erosol

Vector-B

orne

Insects and Anim

als

Vehicle B

orne

Water,Food, M

ilk

•Infectious Disease[communicable] -person to person transmitted (refer to text pp. 7)Water and Food Borne •Typhoid Fever, dysentery, cholera, infectious hepatitis, and gastroenteritis

epidemic- # of occurrences are above normalendemic - habitually present

Insect and Animal Borne •Malaria, yellow fever, encephalitis•Rabies, typhus, and bubonic plague

Communicable Disease .vs. Noninfectious Disease

•Noninfectious Disease (refer to text pp. 9)

Heavy Metals - Carcinogenic•Leads – Leads to blindness, kidney disease, mental retardation(i.e. paint, gasoline, lead pipes, solder, and batteries)•Mercury –leads to blindness, paralysis, and death(i.e. batteries, dry cells, light bulbs, etc)

Note: Micro-organisms can convert mercury intoorganic mercury-containing substances

i.e. Methylmercury is digested by plankton(p.111), which then enters the food chain.

Communicable Disease .vs. Noninfectious Disease

•PCB (Polychlorinated biphenyl) (i.e. electrical transformers fluid, coolants, paints,etc.)•DDT (pesticide)•Superfund Site – Love CanalNiagara Falls, N.Y. - Waste chemical drums were buried and leaked causing cancer,birth defects, kidney disease, etc.•PCE (Perchloroethylene) commonly used in Dry Cleaners will eventually break down into Vinyl Chlorides (highly toxic material)

Non- infectious diseases (cont)

Question

What category does the “Mad Cow” fall into?

AEROBIC .vs. ANAEROBIC

Aerobic Decomposition – is decomposition in the presence of oxygen (i.e. microorganisms that need oxygen (aerobes) will decompose complex organic molecules. (odor is not a problem)

Non-Aerobic Decomposition – is decomposition with the lack of oxygen (i.e. microorganisms that don’t need oxygen (anaerobes) will decompose complex organic molecules producing methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile organic acids. (odor is a problem- putrefaction)

Soils

SOILSGEOLOGY‑ORIGIN OF SOILS

PROPERTIES OF SOILS•ITS PARAMETER•ITS BEHAVIOR•OTHER ASPECTS

CONSTRUCTION APPLICATION OF SOILS -• ENVIRONMENTAL• GEOTECHNICAL• AGRICULTURAL

NOTE: MAIN FOCUS IS GEOENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION OF GEOLOGY

STUDY OF OUTER ZONE OF EARTHIT CONSIST OF

•ROCKS•SOIL•WATER

DEFINITIONSRocks ‑minerals bonded by strong attractive forcesSoils ‑ are a particulate material due to the disintegration of Rock

•ROCKS ‑ IGNEOUS - SEDIMENTARY - METAMORPHIC

INTRODUCTION OF GEOLOGY (CONT.)DEFINITIONS:IGNEOUS‑ COOLING AND HARDENING OF MOLTEN ROCK CALLED MAGMA (I.E. GRANITES, BASALTS, RITYOLITES)

ROCKS THAT ARE ACIDIC (NOT BASIC) I.E. GRANITES ARE GOOD FOR CONSTRUCTION

SEDIMENTARY ‑ACCUMULATED DEPOSITS OF SOIL PARTICLES OR REMAINS OF CERTAIN ORGANISMS THAT HAVE HARDENED UNDER PRESSURE (I.E-LIMESTONE, SHALE, SANDSTONE,ETC)

CAN BE RECOGNIZED BY THE LAYERED OR STRATIFIED APPEARANCE

I.E. SHALE IS A HARDENING OF CLAYS AND SILTS (GOOD FOUNDATION MATERIAL)

METAMORPHIC‑EXISTING ROCK CHANGES UNDER HEAT, PRESSURE, AND PLASTIC FLOW

I.E. LIMESTONE TO MARBLE, SHALE TO SCFUST(IT BECOMES A FOLIATED ROCK(LAYERS))

WEATHERING FOR EXAMPLE CHANGES A SCHIST TO A SILT‑SAND MIXTURE WITH MICA

INTRODUCTION OF GEOLOGY (CONT.)

INTRODUCTION OF GEOLOGY (CONT.)

Important Soil Properties

Effective Size – D10

Uniformity Coefficient –

Well Graded .vs. Poorly Graded – SW .vs. SPPermeability/Porosity/Infiltration/Percolation(specifies sand filters for wastewater treatment)

60

10

D

D

OSHA – (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) U.S. Dept. of LaborRegulatory Agency with Standards covering:•Storage Handling of Volatile Substances(i.e. Petroleum products)•Asbestos & Leads in Construction•Respiratory Protection,etc.

USEPA– (Environmental Protection Agency) see www.epa.gov

DEP/DEC– (Department of Environmental Protection/Conservation) (i.e. NYSDEC, NJDEP)NJEPA – for the state of New JerseyNote: There is a NYCDEP for the city of New York for local ordinances

Federal Regulatory Agencies

State Regulatory Agencies

NEPA- National Environmental Policy Act •Requires That an Environmental Impact Study Be Performed Prior to Construction.•NEPA is the basic national charter for protection of the environment. It establishes policy, sets goals, and provides means for carrying out the policy. (1969)

CWA-Clean Water Act (1970) CAA -Clean Air Act (1977)CERCLA or Superfund -Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (1980)OSHA-The Occupational Safety and Health Act(1970)RCRA -The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976)

Note: The more stringent laws between the State and Federal statues governs the project.

Legislation that effects Construction

PermitsNPDES- National Pollution Discharge Elimination SystemBefore a new wastewater treatment plant can be constructed, its proposed discharge must be authorized under a NJPDES permit.

StandardsAir Quality – Clean Air Act -CAA(1977)National Ambient Air Quality Standards for:Carbon Monoxide (CO)Lead (Pb)Carbon Dioxide (CO2)OzoneSulfur Dioxide (SO2) – from Auto EmissionsRadon

Standards (cont)Water Quality – Safe Drinking Water Act -SDWARegulates the quality of water we consume

•Bacteria – Coliform Bacteria is an Indicator of Sanitary, Sewage, and Animal Waste

•Viruses•Fungi•Hardness•Iron•Acid Rain – it drops the PH of water

(normal range 6-8.5)

Hazardous Communication Act- This law requires that employers provide information on hazardous chemicals to employees who may be exposed to such chemicals in their workplace. (Right-to-Know Program)Worker Level•All containers must be inventoried and labeled•Material Safety and Data Sheet(MSDS) –Summarizes all chemicals and percentagesCommunity LevelAll industries must inventory and disclose types and quantities annually of Hazardous Substance.