Reading and Writing Skills
Edited on 5th Rabee3u-th-thaanee 1431
21st March 2010
READINGREADINGREADINGREADING
ANDANDANDAND
WRITINGWRITINGWRITINGWRITING
SKILLSSKILLSSKILLSSKILLS
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INDEX
Introduction 2 PART ONE PART ONE PART ONE PART ONE Revision of the step by step book 3
My beautiful letters 4 Table of Arabic letters 5 Writing exercices 7 The Marks 9 Fat-hah 9 Letter Hamzah 10 Fat-hah and Alif Maddiyyah 12
The shortened Alif 15 kasrah 16 Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah 17 Dammah 20 Dammah and waaw Maddiyah 22 Sukoon 24 How to pause on Arabic words 25 Shaddah 26
PART TWOPART TWOPART TWOPART TWO Rules of reading more than a word 29
Introduction to the Arabic word 30 Tanween 31 Tied Taa' 35 Connecting Hamzah 37 Disconnecting Hamzah 38 Laam in (Al of definition) 39
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INTRODUCTION
All praise is for Allah. We praise Him, seek His help and forgiveness. We seek refuge in Allah from the evils of ourselves, and the evils of our actions. I bear witness that none has the right to be worshipped except Allah alone
and I bear witness that Muhammad صلى اهللا عليه وسلم is His servant and
Messenger.
- In the book you have in hand, we will complete the needed lessons to
be able to read and write any Arabic text إن ��ء ا� - We will start with a revision of the Step by Step book: Arabic letters, how to connect or separate them, the Arabic marks and the comparison between short and long vowels. - Few new important lessons are added to make you able to read words together are added. - It is important to know that this is a book of reading and writing practice book, not a book to learn the language, so you might find few words that do not have meaning in Arabic but we are only using them for practice. - We will keep transliteration for most of the words, as probably it will be a self-studying book, but always try to read the words without the transliteration first then check if it is correct. - A question that might come to your mind when doing these lessons
is:
Why does the same word appears with different marks on the
last letter?
راطراطا صراط صص The ending of an Arabic word changes after its position (role of the word in the sentence e.g. subject, object etc ). However, the word still means the same. The reason of these changes will be explained later in the Qur'aanic Arabic lessons إن ��ء ا�
Hope you find these notes useful. May Allaah keep you straight on his path, and teach you what will be beneficial for you, give you success in this life and in the hereafter.
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PART 1
REVISION OF THE "STEP BY STEP" BOOK
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ح ر وف ي ال ج م يل ة My beautiful letters
ر
ث ت ب
خ
ذ
ح ج
د ز
س ض ش ص
ي و م
ط غ ظ ع
ك
ن
ق ف ل
هـ
أ
Lett
er
N
am
e
Fig
ure
Voca
liza-
tion
Tra
nsl
iter-
tion
Exam
ple
N
ew
H
eavy
Lig
ht
At
the
end
In
the
mid
dle
At
the
begin
nin
g
Connect
ed
from
rig
ht
only
1
Hamzah
ء
firs
t so
und in
( a, o, e, i )
a,o
,e,i
'A
pple
*
2
Baa‘
بb
b
B
ack
*
ب
ـببـ
ـ
بـ
3
Taa‘
تt
t
Tab
*
ت ـت
تــ
تـ
4
Thaa‘
ثth
th
Th
ank
*
ث ـث
ثــ
ثـ
5
Jeem
ج
j
j
Jar
*
ج
ـججـ
ـ
جـ
6
Haa‘
ح-
h
-
*
*
ح
ـححـ
ـ
حـ
7
Khaa‘
خ-
kh
-
*
*
خ ـخ
خــ
خـ
8
Daal
د
d
d
Data
*
د
ـد ـ ـد
ـ د*
9
Dhaal
ذ
th
dh
Th
at
*
ذ
ـذ ـ ـذ
ـ ذ*
10
Raa‘
رr
r
R
ight
*
ر ـر
ــر ـر
*
11
Zaay
ز
z
z
Zoo
*
ز
ـز ــز
ـز*
12
Seen
س
s s
Sand
*
س
سـ
سـ
ـ
سـ
13
Sheen
ش
sh
sh
Sh
ado
w
*
شش
ـ
شــ
شـ
14
aad
S
صs
s
S
auce
*
ص
صـ
صـ
ـ
صـ
15
aad
D
ض-
d
-
*
*
ضض
ـ
ضــ
ضـ
16
Taa‘
ط
t
t
-
*
ططـ
ـ
طـ
ط
17
Dhaa‘
ظ
th dh
-
*
ظ
ظــ
ظـ
ظ
18
3ayn
ع
- 3
-
*
*
ععـ
ـ
عـع
19
Ghyne
غ
-
gh
-
*
*
غغـ
ـ
غـ
غ
20
Faa‘
ف
f
f
Fat
*
ف
فــ
فـ
ف
21
Qaaf
ق
-
q
-
*
*
ققـ
ـ
قـ
ق
22
Kaaf
ك
k
k
Kid
*
ك
كــ
كـ
ك
23
Laam
ل
l
l Lam
p
*
للـ
ـ
لـ
ل
24
Meem
م
m
m
M
ap
*
ممـ
ـ
مـ
م
25
Noon
ن
n
n
Nam
e
*
ننـ
ـ
نـ
ن
26
Haa‘
هـ
h
h
Hat
*
ههـ
ـ
ــه
هـ
27
Waaw
و
w
w
W
ing
*
وـو
وـ
وـ
*
W
aaw
M
addiy
ah
و
oo
oo
Moon
*
وـو
وـ
__
*
28
Yaa‘
ي
Y
Y
You
*
ييـ
ـ
يـ
ي
Yaa‘
M
addiy
ah
ي
ee
ee
Deep
ي
يــ
يـ
__
29
Alif
M
addiy
ah
اLong a
aa
sad
*
ا ـا
ـ ا ـ ا
*
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WRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISESWRITING EXERCISES ١تدريب
Connect the letters of the word
ك ت ب ق ل ب ص ب غ ق ب ض ب ل غ................ ................ ................. ............. .................
ت ب ت م س ح ع ت ب ف ت ح ت ي ن................ ................ ................. ................. .................
ج ب ل ل ي ث ن ف س ل م م ل ث م
................ ................ ................. ................. .................
٢تدريب
Separate the letters of each word
كتب سمع شمس عبس
نفع حلم شبه عقل
نقص حلل قتل شين
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Remember that the non connectors (the letters connected from
right side only) are: ر ز ذو ا د
٣تدريب
Connect the letters of the word
ك و ب ق ل ب ص ا ب ق ب ر ب د ر................ ................ ................. ............. ...............
ت و ت م ت ر ع ا ب ف ت ح ت ي ن
................ ................ ................. ................. ...............
ح د ث ل ي ث م د ر ج ث م ث و م................ ................ ................. ................. .................
٤تدريب
Separate the letters of each word
كوب ستر شرب عبد
حوت نار ثوب نذر
نقد سأل نزل رفع
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ال ح ر ك ات *1
THE MARKSTHE MARKSTHE MARKSTHE MARKS
ammah, Kasrah, Sukoon and Shaddah)Dah, h-(Fat
1111---- FATFATFATFAT----HAHHAHHAHHAH is a small diagonal line placed above a letter, and represents a short (a).
This (a) is pronounced as (a) in (tablet). The word Fat-hah means opening,
and refers to the opening of the mouth when producing an (a)
The mark of Fat-hah ةفتح is up, and my mouth goes up
فتحةالحروف مع الahh-FatThe letters with the
2 * ءث ت ب ج خ ح 'a ba ta tha ja ha kha
ذ د ر ز ش س ص da dha ra za sa sha sa
ظ ط ض ق ف غ ع da ta dha 3a gha fa qa
ل ك م ن ه و ي ka la ma na ha wa ya
*1-The letter ( ا ) you see at the beginning of that word is not a long vowel
(long vowels cannot start a word) but it is a type of Hamzah called Hamzah
of connection that will be explained later in that book.
*2- We have only chosen the form of the Hamzah without a seat as an
example, anyway the Hamzah sound will not change with all her seats. Look
at the next page for a quick revision of Hamzah.
ba
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LETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAHLETTER HAMZAH
The Hamzah is represented by a sign. This sign is sometimes written over or under certain letters called “seats”, or else aloof.
:The seats can be ) أ (ا ، ) ؤ (و ، ) ئـ orئ (ى The seat is not pronounced, but is only an orthographic convention in the spelling of words with Hamzah. There is a cardinal rule in the reading of Hamzah:
The writing of Hamzah:
1- Aloof ( ء ) not connected from right or from left.
2- With a carrier, in which case it becomes like a diacritic:
a- Above and under an Alif ( )أ إ (This is how it appears at the beginning
of a word)
b. Above a waaw ) ؤ( c. Above a dotless yaa' ) ئ(
The rules of writing The Hamzah will be studied later اهللا شاء إن Important comment: Note that the Alif and Hamzah are two different letters. The letter Alif is a long vowel, always written free from any type of Harakah, and it never comes at the beginning of a word. But Hamzah is a consonant that comes anywhere in the word with a Harakah. (Step by step book page 61)
But because the Hamzah is mostly using Alif as a seat, people call the
Hamzah on the top of Alif (أ) : "Alif" also.
This might cause lot of confusion to the beginners but soon you will get used to it.
In our lessons, we will always follow the correct way of differentiating between them as they are not the same.
If there is a seat, ignore it.
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ةالفتح عمات مكل ahh-Words with Fat
Read, Copy and revise how to connect the letters
ف ت ح ت ب ل ك غ س ظ ل م د س ح فتح ل كتبغس ظلم دسح
fataha kataba ghasala dhalama hasada
ع م ل ج ف ع ر ص ن ب س ل ك م ع عمل جفع رنص بل كسمع
jama3a fa3ala nasara kasaba 3amala
ي ب س ن ه ر ن س ك غ ف ر ق ت ل يبس نهر نسك غفر قتل
qatala ghafara nasaka nahara yabasa
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الفتحة واأللف المديةyah (long vowel)yah and Alif Maddih-Fat
If the letter Alif ا ( ) comes after a letter with Fat-hah (Alif is always
preceded by Fat-hah), then this Alif will be pronounced like double Fat-hah as (a) in dad. We call it Alif Madiyyah.
- Alif Maddiyyah is the long form of Fat-hah
An Arabic word cannot start with Alif Maddiyah because Madd is like Sukoon.
Standard
Arabic )آ )= ا+ء خا حا جا ثا تا با
Qur'aan script z# ⟨
'aa baa taa thaa jaa haa khaa
صا شا سا زا را ذا داdaa dhaa raa zaa saa shaa saa
قا فا غا عا ظا طا ضاdaa taa dhaa 3aa ghaa faa qaa
يا وا ها نا ما ال كاkaa laa maa naa haa waa yaa
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يننة بقارمةيدالم األلف عمو ةالفتح عوف مرالح ah and with long vowel Alifh-Comparison between letters with Fat
ء ث ت ب ج خ ح خا حا جا ثا تا با آذ د ر ز ش س ص صا شا سا زا را ذا داظ ط ض ق ف غ ع قا فا غا عا ظا طا ضال ك م ن ه و ي يا وا ها نا ما ال كا
كلمات فيها فتحة وألف مديةMadiyyah ah and Alifh-Words that have Fat
ات آبب تاب ال ثارج امح خاب 'aaba baata taaba thaara jaala haama khaaba
انذاق د اجال رز احس اغ شابص daana dhaqa raaja zaala saaha shaaha saagha
اعض طار اث ظاءع غاص فاز قاد daa3a taara dhaa'a 3aatha ghaasa faaza qaada
ياي وال هاب ناس ماء الح كالkaala laaha maa'a naasa haaba waala yaaya
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واأللف المدية في الكلمات ن الفتحةبي مقارنة
in words ah and long vowel Alifh-Comparison between Fat
أمن ءنآم
فاتح فتح ف رافع رفع رz tΒ#u ⟨
amana aamana rafa3a raafa3a ahfata ahfaata
قاتل قتل ق زاعم زعم ز باطل بطل ب اتبك كتب ك ساءل سأل س تالف تلف ت المس لمس ل شاتم شتم ش ثابت ثبت ث ماكث مكث م صابر صبر ص جاهد جهد ج ناصب نصب ن ضارب ضرب ض حامل حمل ح هارب هرب ه طالب طلب ط خارج خرج خ واهب وهب و ظاهر ظهر ظ دافع دفع د يامن يمن ي عارف عرف ع ذارف ذرف ذ
غارق غرق غ
You should be able to continue reading without help اهللا شاء إن
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OORAHSMAQ-UL -ALIF-AL األل ف ال م ق ص ورة
The shortened Alif
Sometimes long vowel ( ا ) at the end of the word is written in the
shape of Yaa' without dots. You still pronounce it as an Alif ( ا ) (aa) not
as ي (ee), We call it "Al-Alif-ul-Maqsoorah" (The shortened Alif)
How would I know it is an Alif not a Yaa’? 1- It has no dots below. 2- It has no mark.
3- It is preceded by Fat-hah ةفتح
4- In The Qur’aan it has a small ا on the top of it 3“.
Ex.
Standard على عيسى موسىArabic
4 y›θ ãΒ ⟨ 4 |¤Š Ïã ⟨ 4’ n? tã ⟨ Qur'aan script
Moosaa 3eesaa 3alaa
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2222---- KASRAHKASRAHKASRAHKASRAH Is a small diagonal line placed below a letter and represents a short (i).
This (i) is pronounced as (i) in bin. The word Kasrah means breaking.
The mark of Kasrah is down, and my mouth goes down bi كسرة
ةرالكس عروف مالح Words with kasrah ب ء ت خ ح ج ث 'i bi ti thi ji hi khi
د ص ش س ز ر ذ di dhi ri zi si shi si
�ق� ف غ ع ظ ط ض �di ti dhi 3i ghi fi qi
ن م ل ك ي و ه ki li mi ni hi wi yi
كلمات بحركة الفتح والكسر معاah and kasrahh-Words with Fat
إبل كره نسي خسر حبطhabita khasira nasiya kariha ibili
فرح ئسي فزع يعي عمل fariha ya'isa fazi3a ya3iya 3alima
بخل وسع لبث رقب أسفasifa bariqa labitha wasi3a bakhila
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الكسرة والياء المدية
Kasrah and yaa' Maddiyah (long vowel) - If the letter Yaa' ي ( ) comes after a letter with Kasrah and has no mark
over or below it, then this Yaa' will be pronounced like double Kasrah as (ee) in beep. We call it Yaa' Madiyyah.
- Yaa' Maddiyyah is the long form of kasrah.
- An Arabic word cannot start with Yaa' Maddiyyah (Madd is like Sukoon)
خي حي جي ثي تي بي ءي'ee bee tee thee jee hee khee
صي شي سي زي ري ذي ديdee dhee ree zee see shee see
قي في غي عي ظي طي ضيdee tee dhee 3ee ghee fee qee
يي وي هي ني مي لي كيkee lee mee nee hee wee yee
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ةيدالم الياء عمو ةرالكس عوف مرنة الحقارم
Comparison between letters with kasrah and long vowel Yaa'
ب ء ت خ ح ج ث خي حي جي ثي تي بي ءيد ص ش س ز ر ذ
صي شي سي زي ري ذي دي ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض قي في غي عي ظي طي ضين م ل ك ي و ه يي وي هي ني مي لي كي
'Words that have long vowel Yaa كلمات فيها ياء مدية
إيمان كبير ينت يركث جيمر يمحر يصخر 'eemaana kabeera teena katheera rajeema raheema rakheesa
يند يرنذ ريم زيزيل عسي يدشر يرقص deena nadheera reema 3azeeza yaseela rasheeda qaseera
يدنض يبط يمظع يرع يضيل غيل فق nadeeda teeba 3adheema 3eera gheeda feela qeela
ينكيل مقل ينميل سن يبهر ين اويراي makeena qaleela sameena neela raheeba raawee naayee
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الياء دمر والكس نيب نةقارم ماتفي الكل
Comparison between kasrah and long vowel Yaa' in words
فيل فل ف ريع رع ر إين إن ء قيل قل ق زيل زل ز بير بر ب كير كر ك سير سر س تين تن ت لين لن ل شين شن ش ثيب ثب ث ميل مل م صير صر ص جين جن ج نيس نس ن ضيد ضد ض حيل حل ح هير هر ه طيب طب ط خيف خف خ ويش وش و ظيل ظل ظ دين دن د ييس يس ي عير عر ع ذيل ذل ذ
غيض غض غ
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3333---- DAMMAHDAMMAHDAMMAHDAMMAH Is a small curl placed above a letter and represents a short (u). This (u) is pronounced as (u) in “bull “. The word Dammah means a hug.
The mark of Dammah .looks like a whistle, that I blow in ضمة
bu
ةمالض عروف مالح
ammahDLetters with
ء ث ت ب ج خ ح 'u bu tu thu ju hu khu
ذ د ر ز ش س ص du dhu ru zu su shu su
ظ ط ض ق ف غ ع du tu dhu 3u ghu fu qu
ل ك م ن ه و ي ku lu mu nu hu wu yu
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مالض كةرمات بحكل ammah DWords with
ل كتببس مرل حسق رطر
kutubu subulu hurumu rusulu turuqu
برع نذر رمع كثر ربز
3urubu nudhuru 3umuru kuthuru zuburu
الضمة والواو المديةammah and waaw Maddiyah (long vowel)D
- If the letter Waaw و ( ) comes after a letter with Dammah and has no mark above or below it, then this Waaw will be pronounced like double Dammah as (oo) in boot. We call it Waaw Madiyyah.
- Waaw Maddiyah is the long form of Dammah.
- An Arabic word cannot start with Waaw Maddiyah (Madd is like Sukoon)
خو حو جو ثو تو بو ءو'oo boo too thoo joo hoo khoo
صو شو سو زو رو ذو دوdoo dhoo roo zoo soo shoo soo
قو فو غو عو ظو طو ضوdoo too dhoo 3oo ghoo foo qoo
يو وو هو نو مو لو كوkoo loo moo noo hoo woo yoo
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مقارنة الحروف مع الضمة ومع مد الواو
waawammah and long vowel DComparison between letters with
ء ث ت ب ج خ ح خو حو جو ثو تو بو ءوذ د ر ز ش س ص صو شو سو زو رو ذو دوظ ط ض ق ف غ ع قو فو غو عو ظو طو ضول ك م ن ه و ي يو وو هو نو مو لو كو
مديةفيها واو كلمات
Words that have long vowel waaw
خور حور عجول نثور يتوب بور أولى'oolaa booru yatoobu nathooru 3ujoolu hooru khooru
ونوج أذوق درم ورزي ورس قشور ورقص doona adhuqa murooji yazooru sooru qushoora qusooru
ورطور ضظوظ عول حعي فول نغوص تقود doora 3utoori hudhoodhu ya3oola naghoosu foolu taqoodu
لوم أكونع ورمي ول نورهس وداوون ديع akoona 3uloomi yamooru nooru suhoola dawoodu 3uyooni
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مالض نيب نةقاربالواوم دوالم ماتفي الكل
in words ammah and long vowel waawDComparison between
فوز فز ف روب رب ر أولى ألى ء قول قل ق زول زل ز بور بر ب كوب كب ك سوق سق س توب تب ت لوم لم ل شور شر ش ثوم ثم ث موج مج م صوم صم ص جول جل ج نوح نح ن ضول ضل ض حور حر ح هود هد ه طوف طف ط خوص خص خ وور ور و ظول ظل ظ دور در د يور ير ي عول عل ع ذوق ذق ذ
غوص غص غ
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4444---- SUKOONSUKOONSUKOONSUKOON (Absence of the vowel)
This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that this letter is not followed by any vowel’s sound (Absence of the vowel). It is pronounced as “t” in “ant“, “b” in cobra…etc
خ ح ج ث ت ب ء ر.فخ سن.مح مل.مج أر.نث عب.يت ني.نب س.رأ
أسي رننب بتعي ل نثأرمجم نسحم فخر ra'su nabnee yat3abu nath'aru mujmalu muhsinu fakhra
ق ف غ ع ظ ط ضدم.نذ يب.ع رق.ب ر.وز سي.عم رش.ق نص.ر
نيدذب مق عرر بوز عمسش يرق رنص madyanu 3adhbi barqa wizri yasma3u qirshu nasru
ق ف غ ع ظ ط ضط لي.فضنا.عظ رح.ر عتف فو.نغ لي.ب.ل.نق تح
نقل تفتح نغفو بعلي حظر عطرنا فضليfadlee 3itrunaa hadhru ba3lee naghfoo taftahu naqli
ي و ه ن م ل ككم.ل تبه ل.أمه نم.ه هل.س وس.نل.سي س
كتبل مل ههأم نهل مهس نسول سيس maktaba hal amhala minhu sahlu sawsan saylu
This is to show the way to pronounce Sukoon in the middle of a word, to stop before the dot then to continue the word. The correct way of writing is on the next line.
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How to pause on Arabic words
- An Arabic word never starts with Sukoon. - If you pause on any word, you have to keep a Sukoon on the last letter of the word e.g. the last letter must be 'still' (in reading) even if there is a different mark on it (in writing).
Pausing form
The word
Word ending with Fat-hah or Dammah or Kasrah, we pause with sukoon on the last letter.
walad لدو– لدو - لدو
Word ending with a long vowel, we pause on a long vowel as well.
Fee
Maa
yarjoo
في
ما
يرجوWord ending with Shaddah, we pause on sukoon but with doubling the letter.
3aduww ودع– ودعودع
If the last letter is a waaw without Shaddah preceded by a Dammah, or a yaa' without Shaddah preceded by a Kasrah, we change the waaw and yaa' to long vowels when pausing.
hoo
hee
وه يه
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5555---- SHADDAHSHADDAHSHADDAHSHADDAH This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that the letter should be stressed (which same letter with a vowel).
Shaddah can be with the Fat
Help Shaddah is repeating the letter twice without moving
the tongue: once with a sukoon and once with a vowel
1-Shaddah with Fat-h Example: when you say: On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the
2- Shaddah with KasrahExample: when you say: On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the
3- Shaddah with DammahExample: when you say: On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the
ب+ ت ( ت with
+ب with ت) ت
+ب ) ت ت with
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This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that the letter should be stressed (which means to pause on the letter and then to say the same letter with a vowel).
Shaddah can be with the Fat-hah or the Kasrah or the
Shaddah is repeating the letter twice without moving
tongue: once with a sukoon and once with a vowel
hah
Example: when you say: what time is it?
On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Fat
with Kasrah Example: when you say: Do you like hot tea?
On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a Kasrah.
ammah و Example: when you say: I like it too! On the first 't' there is a Sukoon and on the second there is a
(Step by Step page
shaddah and Fat-hah) is batta = بت
with shaddah and Kasrah) is batti = تwith shaddah and Dammah) is battu =ت
Page ��
This mark written on the top of the Arabic letter indicates that the letter means to pause on the letter and then to say the
the Dammah Shaddah is repeating the letter twice without moving
tongue: once with a sukoon and once with a vowel
there is a Fat-hah.
there is a Kasrah.
there is a Dammah.
Step by Step page 21)
بتتب
تب
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ةمر الكللى آخع ةالشد عمات مالكل Words with Shaddah at the end of the word
أب أب أب ب ء abba
abb abbi abb
abbu abb
full pausal*
بث بث بث ث بت بت بت ت batta batti battu baththa baththi baththu
مح مح مح ح عج عج عج ج 3ajja 3ajji 3ajju mahha mahhi uhhma سد سد سد د رخ رخ رخ خ rakhkha rakhkhi rakhkhu sadda saddi saddu سر سر سر ر هذ هذ هذ ذ hadhdha hadhdhi hadhdhu sarra sarri sarru حس حس حس س مز مز مز ز mazza mazzi mazzu hassa hassi uassh
قص قص قص ص رش رش رش ش rashsha rashshi rashshu qassa qassi ussqa
دع دع دع ع حض حض حض ض hadda haddi haddu da33a da33i da33u كف كف كف ف زغ زغ زغ غ zaghgha zaghghi zaghghu kaffa kaffi kaffu شك شك شك ك دق دق دق ق daqqa daqqi daqqu shakka shakki shakku هم هم هم م جل جل جل ل jalla jalli jallu hamma hammi hammu
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سه سه سه ه حن حن حن ن hanna hanni hannu sahha sahhi sahhu عي عي عي ي قو قو قو و qawwa qawwi qawwu 3ayya 3ayyi 3ayyu
*You should read each word once in full form keeping the last vowel (when you continue reading after that word) and once when pausing on Sukoon by keeping the stress (doubling the letter) on the last letter.
شدةفيها كلماتWords with Shaddah
Full form Pausal form Meaning
خياط فنان حب شر اهللاAllaahu sharru hubba fannaanu khayyaatu Allaah sharr hubb fannaan khayyaat Allaah evil love artist tailor توني ستقف مص سردم ارنج
sittoona muttaqee saffu mudarrisu najjaaru sittoon muttaqee saff mudarris najjaar sixty pious row teacher carpenter
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PART 2
NEW LESSONS
RULES OF READING MORE THAN A WORD
1- INTRODUCTION OF THE ARABIC WORD 2- TANWEEN 3- TAA' MARBOOTAH 4- HAMZA-TUL-WASL 5- LAAM AT-TA3REEF
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1111---- INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORDINTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIC WORD
الكلمة العربية The Arabic Word
مساNoun لعفVerb فرحParticle
إنسان Human الفعل الماضي
Past tense verb رف جرح
Preposition
في، على، إلى،
..من ، مع ، كـ
وانيح Animal الفعل
ضارعالم Present
tense verb طفف عرح Conjunction
Particle ،فـ و، أو، ثم..
مادج Solid رل األمعف Command
verb ( imperative)
حرف نفيNegation Particle
ال
حرف نداءPlant نباتCalling Particle
ياكانم Place Etc.
مانز Time Adjective صفةيرمض Pronoun
ةإشار مسا Demonstrative Relative اسم موصول
Pronoun Etc.
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2222---- TANWEENTANWEENTANWEENTANWEEN الت ن و ين
Tanween is a sound of Noon with Sukoon, that you hear at the end of
Arabic indefinite nouns, but you do not write as a letter ن. It is written in a
special way, by writing the vowel mark twice.
bintun = بنت or ×بنت bintin = بنتbintan = بنتا
Tanween Fat-hah
(Fat-hataan)*
Tanween Kasrah (Kasrataan)
Tanween Dammah
(Dammataan)
Fat-hataan means 2 Fat-hah, Kasrataan means 2 kasrah and Dammataan
means 2 Dammah. (as if the first is the vowel and the second in for ن )
ـابنت بنت بنت
- Note that the Fat-hataan marks are regularly followed by an Alif, written as the last letter in the word, but this Alif does not indicate a long vowel except in the pausal form.
- The sound of Noon is heard only when we continue to read after that
word, but if we pause on that word, we pause on Sukoon over the last written letter and we do not hear Noon sound of Tanween.
Full form Pausal form (Continuing reading after that word) (Stopping on that word)
1- Dammataan –un: bintun bint (like in Dammah) بنت
2- Kasrataan –in: بنت bintin bint (like in Kasrah)
3- Fat-hataan –an: bintan bintaa (different than ابنت
Fat-hah due to the long vowel Alif that is added to the end)
ن
ن
ن
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مع التنوين والوقف على آخر الكلمة حروفالThe letters with Tanween and how to pause at the end of the word
أبا أب أب ب دءا دء دء ءfull
pausal da'un
da' da'in da'
da'an da'aa
abun ab
abin ab
aban abaa
بثا بث بث ث بتا بت بت ت batun
bat batin bat
batan bataa bathun
bath bathin bath
bathan bathaa
محا مح مح ح عجا عج عج ج 3ajun
3aj 3ajin 3aj
3ajan 3ajaa mahun
mah mahin mah
mahan mahaa
سدا سد سد د رخا رخ رخ خ rakhun
rakh rakhin rakh
rakhan rakhaa sadun
sad sadin sad
sadan sadaa
سرا سر سر ر هذا هذ هذ ذ hadhun
hadh hadhin hadh
hadhan hadhaa sarun
sar sarin sar
saran saraa
بسا بس بس س مزا مز مز ز mazun
maz mazin maz
mazan mazaa basun
bas basin bas
basan basaa
قصا قص قص ص رشا رش رش ش rashun
rash rashin rash
rashan rashaa qasun
qas qasin qas
qasan qasaa
بطا بط بط ط حضا حض حض ض hadun
had hadin had
hadan hadaa batun
bat batin bat
batan bataa
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دعا دع دع ع نظا نظ نظ ظ nadhun
nadh nadhin nadh
nadhan nadhaa da3un
da3 da3in da3
da3an da3aa
كفا كف كف ف زغا زغ زغ غ zaghun
zagh zaghin zagh
zaghan zaghaa kafun
kaf kafin kaf
kafan kafaa
شكا شك شك ك قاد قد قد ق daqun
daq daqin daq
daqan daqaa shakun
shak shakin shak
shakan shakaa
هما هم هم م جال جل جل ل jalun
jal jalin jal
jalan jalaa hamun
ham hamin ham
haman hamaa
سها سه سه ه فنا فن فن ن
fanun fan
fanin fan
fanan fanaa sahun
sah sahin sah
sahan sahaa
نيا ني ني ي لوا لو ول و lawun
law lawin law
lawan lawaa nayun
nay nayin nay
nayan nayaa
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عليهما التنوين والوقفالحركات ومع كلمات
Words with short vowels and Tanween and how to pause on them
Tanween Dammah
Dammah Tanween Kasrah
Kasrah Tanween Fat-hah
Fat-hah
بيت بيتا بيت بيت بيت بيت Full form
baytun baytu baytin bayti baytan bayta Pausal form
bayt bayt bayt bayt baytaa bayt meaning house house house house house house
تابك تابر كر خيوال خيسول رسر Full form
kitaabun
kitaabu
khayrin
khayri
rasoolan rasoola
Pausal form
kitaab kitaab khayr
khayr rasoolaa rasool
meaning book book good good messenger messenger
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3333 ---- TAA' MARBOOTAH TAA' MARBOOTAH TAA' MARBOOTAH TAA' MARBOOTAH الت اء ال م ر ب وط ة
The Tied Taa'
- Taa' Marbootah occurs only as the last consonant of a noun. - It is a sign of femininity in singular nouns.
- It is a combination of the letter ت and the letter ه Ex ةدراشة –وفر - If we continue the reading after a word ending with Taa' Marbootah, we
pronounce it as a Taa' ت, but if we pause on such word, we pause on
a Haa' ه with Sukoon.
*Notice that the long vowel Alif that comes after Tanween Fat-hah is not written after Taa' Marbootah and that the pausal form is on Haa' Sukoon as well. Ex.
Tanween Dammah Dammah Tanween
Kasrah Kasrah Tanween Fat-hah Fat-hah
وردة وردة وردة وردة وردة وردة Full form wardatun wardatu wardatin wardati wardatan wardata Pausal form
wardah wardah wardah wardah wardah wardah meaning rose rose rose rose rose rose
جنة جنة كلمة كلمة صالة صالة
Full form salaatun salaatu kalimatin kalimati jannatan jannata
Pausal form
salaah salaah kalimah kalimah jannah jannah
prayer prayer word word paradise paradise
If you fly to the next word, take the upper dots of ت with you & if you stop suddenly and fall, you say oh!
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Read اقرئي/ اقرأ
.bintun jameelah -1 .بنت جميلة A beautiful girl
ةكبير ةطائر .hin kabeerat'iraaat -2 A big plane
hahalias nutu zawjathadeejak -3. .صالحة خديجة زوجة Khadeeja is a good wife
Notice that when we pause at the end of the sentences, we change the sound of Taa' Marbootah to a Haa' with sukoon.
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ه م ز ة ال و ص ل 4444---- HAMZATHAMZATHAMZATHAMZAT----ULULULUL----WASL WASL WASL WASL
The connecting Hamzah
If the Alif is not carrying the sign of Hamzah, then it must be a long vowel EXCEPT when it occurs first letter in the word.
In that case, the Alif is a Hamzah (consonant), but it is a special type of Hamzah that is pronounced only when it is the first sound coming out of the mouth (i.e. when you begin speaking by pronouncing that Hamzah).
This Hamzah is called 'Hamzat-ul-Wasl' ه م ز ة الو ص ل or the 'connecting
Hamzah'
- It comes only at the beginning of the word. - It looks like long vowel Alif, but you already know that this last cannot be at the beginning of a word, as it is a sukoon.
- In the Qur’aan it has a symbol like small صـ on the top. )ٱ( , but in
standard Arabic books it is free of any sign.
- This Hamzah is pronounced only at the beginning of the speech, i.e. when no other speech sound has been pronounced immediately before it; Otherwise, it is silent.
- If we start with the word we say: Allaah. (we hear the sound of اهللا
But if we start with a word before it Ex. زاكج
We say: Jazaka-llaah هللا زاكج (We don’t pronounce A of the word Allaah,
we directly go from the Kaaf of Jazaaka to the letter Laam of the word (Allaah). The Hamzah is omitted)
Standard Arabic ناثن نين اثنييجوز
Qur'aan script È ÷ uΖøO $# ⟨ È ÷ y ÷ρ y— È ÷ uΖøO $# ⟨
'ithnayn zawjayni-thnayn starting with Hamza wasl
reading a word before it
meaning two two pairs
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HAMZATHAMZATHAMZATHAMZAT----ULULULUL----QATQATQATQAT3333 ط ع ه م ز ة ال ق
The disconnecting Hamzah
-The other outspoken Hamzah أ ( ) at the beginning of a word, with the
diacritic on the top is called 'Hamzat-ul-Qat3' ه م ز ة الق ط ع or
the"Disconnecting Hamzah";that one is always pronounced, whether you
start with that word or you read a word before Ex. ه و أ ح م د Huwa Ahmad
اقرئي/ اقرأ
دمحف الحال؟: مكي aal? h-l-ayfakammad: hMu How is the situation? (How are you?)
نسح :لله دمالحر وبخي . illaah.-amdu lh-l-khayrin wa-assan: biH
In good and thanks to Allaah.
دمح؟: مكمما اس smuk? -ammad: mahMu
What is your name? نسح :نسي حمسا . assan.Hassan: Ismee H
My name is Hassan
Standard Arabic قاب أليم أليمع Qur'aan
script 5ΟŠ Ï9 r& ⟨ A>$ s) Ïã 5ΟŠ Ï9 r& ⟨ aleem 3iqaabin aleem
srarting with
Hamzat-ul-Qat3 reading a word
before it
meaning painful painful punishment
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5---- LAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL ATLAAM IN AL AT----TATATATA3333REEFREEFREEFREEF الالم في الـ الت ع ر يفThe letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition
الت ع ر يفال * -1 is connected to nouns to make them definite.
It is equivalent to the English word "The", but should be connected at the beginning of the noun not separate from it as in "The"
Ex. لدالبنت - الو
3- The nouns that have Al of Definition cannot have Tanween. لدالو
Reading the letter Laam that occurs in Al of Definition The letter Laam in "Al at-Ta3reef" can be read in one of two ways depending on the letter following it: - Pronouncing that Laam clearly. - Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter.
a- Pronouncing that Laam clearly
When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the fourteen letters
in the group: ء ب خ ح ج ع غ ف ق ك و ي م ه
The الم in that case is called Laam Qamariyyah ةريالم قم from رقم (moon)
due to the first letter ق that is one of the previous fourteen letters
األ البـ الجـ الحـ الخـ العـ الغـal-gha al-3a al-kha al-ha al-ja al-ba al-'a
الفـ القـ الكـ المـ الهـ الو اليـ
al-ya al-wa al-ha al-ma al-ka al-qa al-fa *Al of definition is starting with Hamzat-ul-Wasl
That Laam can be recognized easily by the Sukoon appearing over it.
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اقرئي/ اقرأ
b- Omitting that Laam by inserting it in the following letter:
When that Laam precedes a noun beginning with any of the remain fourteen letters of Arabic
ن ل ظ ط ض ص ش س ز ر ذ د ث ت
The الم in that case is called Laam Shamsiyyah ةيسالم شم from سشم (sun)
due to the first letter ش which is one of the previous fourteen letters.
ابالغر برالع رالخي رجل الحمت الجيلى الباألع
al-ghuraab al-3arab al-khayr al-hajar al-jamal al-bayt al-'a3laa The crow The
Arabs The good The
stone The
camel The girl The
highest
موالي لدى الوداله زوالم تابالك ريل القمالف
al-yawm al-walad al-hudaa al-mawz al-kitaab al-qamar al-feel The day The boy The
guidance The
banana The book
The moon
The elephant
الت الثـ الد الذ الر الز النـan-na az-za ar-ra adh-dha ad-da ath-tha at-ta
السـ الشـ الصـ الضـ الطـ الظـ اللـal-la adh-dha at-ta ad-da as-sa ash-sha as-sa
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اقرئي/ اقرأ
أ ي ام األ س ب وع Ayyaamu-l-usboo3
Days of the week
A word with Hamzatu-l-wasl and Laam shamsiyyah
ت النوريالز قمة الرالذر ينالد بالثو يدحالتو an-noor az-zayt ar-raqm adh-dhurah ad-deen ath-thawb at-tawheed
The light
The oil The number
The corn
The religion
The dress
The monotheis
m
السماء الشمس الصوت الضالين الطين الظفر الليل
al-layl adh-dhufr at-teen ad-daalleen as-sawt ash-shams as-samaa'
The night
The nail
The clay
The misguided
The sound
The sun
The sky
ن الثالثاءاالثني دت األحبالس ath-thulaathaa' al-ithnayn al-ahad as-sabt
Tuesday Monday Sunday Saturday
األربعاء الخميس الجمعة
al-jumu3ah al-khamees al-arbi3aa' Friday Thursday Wednesday
Standard Arabic الناس الناس كلم Qur'aan
script Ĩ$ ¨Ψ9 $# ⟨
Å7 Ï=tΒ Ä¨$ ¨Ψ9 $# ⟨ an-naas maliki-nnaas
starting with Hamza wasl
reading a word before it
meaning The people The king of the people