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Reading Assignment:
Chapter 14 Hagfishes and Lampreys
end
2008
Summary:
1. Rover predators
2. Lie-in-wait predators
3. Surface oriented fishes
4. Bottom fishes
5. Deep Bodied fishes
6. Eel-like fishes
end
3. Surface-Oriented fishes
• Often small
• Upward tending mouth (superior or superterminal)
• Dorsoventrally flattened head
• Adapted to surface life
Poeciliidae-live bearersguppies
mollies
Gambusiamosquitofishend
Four-eyed fish
end
Cyprinodontidae-pupfish, killifish
banded killifish
end
• betas
• archerfish
Other surface oriented fishes
Gambusia
end
end
4. Bottom fishes (benthic)
• Swimbladder reduced or absent
• flattened dorsoventrally (depressed)
Atlantic halibutend
Bottom fishes continued
• Specialized structures:
sensory structures barbels, fin rays
modified fins (darters, clingfishes)
barbels
end
sea robin
sea robin
end
• flounders
• soles
• tonguefish
Pleuronectiformes-flatfishes
end
hog choker
end
Acipenseridae--sturgeons
lake sturgeon
end
Skates & rays
end
5. Deep-bodied fishes Laterally flattened (compressed)
• Dorsal and anal fins long
• Pectoral fins high on body
• Pelvic fins thoracic
• Mouth protrusible
• Fin spines
French angelfish
lookdown
butterfly fish
maneuverability
end
Centrarchidae-crappies & sunfishes
bluegillend
end
6. Eel-like fishes--elongated bodies
• Paired fins reduced or absent
• Dorsal and anal fins long
• Scales small or absent
• Flexible bodies
• Adapted for small crevices
end
American eel
slime eel
snake eel
end
moray eel
end
end
Evolution of Gnathostomes
end
Cen
ozoi
cM
esoz
oic
65
Pal
eozo
ic
248
590
mya PeriodsEra
Permian
Cretaceous
Quaternary
Cambrian505
Ordovician
438Silurian
408
Devonian
360Carboniferous
286
Triassic213
Jurassic144
Tertiary
2
ostr
acod
erm
s
origin
Myxini
?
Ceph.
plac
oder
ms
Ela
smob
ranc
hii
Ho l
oce p
h al i
Aca
ntho
dii
Cho
ndro
stei
shar
ks
skat
esra
ys
gar
bow
fin
Teleostei
Chondrichthyes Actinoptergii
Sarcopterygii
lung
fish
coel
acan
th
amphibians
ostracoderm
placoderm
placoderm
placoderm
end
end
• Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless
• Notochord
• No appendicular skeleton
Myxini--hagfishes
end
Cephalaspidomorphi-lampreys
• Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless
• cartilaginous vertebrae, no centra
• No appendicular skeleton
end
Placodermi-placoderms first jaws• Skull--first jawed fishes; bony tooth plates
end
Chondrichthyes-sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes
• Skull--cartilaginous; jaws protrusible, first true teeth
• cartilaginous vertebrate with centra
• Pelvic and pectoral fins well developed
end
Osteichthyes-bony fishes
puffer
• Skull--cartilaginous or bony; jaws with teeth; jaws variable
• cartilaginous or bony vertebral column with centra
• pelvic and pectoral fins well developed
end
gut
cranium
mouth
Evolution of the jaw
Primitive jawless stage
gill slits
visceral cartilages 8-9 arches
end
hypothetical placoderm
jaw
mandibular arch
end
chondirchthyian
hyoid archspiracle
end
Osteichthyian skull --5 elements
1. neurocranium
2. jaw
4. branchiohyoidapparatus
3. suspensorium
5. opercularbones
end
END
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65
248
590
mya PeriodsEra
?
Grand Forks
Inkster
Ardoch
Manvel
Forest River
Hw
y 18
Hwy 1 to Johnstown
I29
Hw
y 18
UND Biol. Area
0.5
mi
3 mi
tree line
Turn right on gravel road
just past tree line, go north
for 0.5 mi, turn right on
two-track road just before
Farm house, pass ravine
on left and turn left following
Ravine on the left, stop by chain
link fence compound.
stop here
farm house
I29
Hwy 81