READING

Phonemic AwarenessWord RecognitionComprehension

Hope M. Koppers

Reading is a complex and intentional activity involving the eyes, brain and mind.

Phonemic Awareness Word Recognition Comprehension

PHONEMIC AWARENESS

The ability to identify & manipulate sounds.

most important factor in learning reading greater predictor of success than I. Q. phonemic awareness level in kindergarten

can predict levels of achievement up to 10 years later

Components

Sound comparison

Phoneme segmentation

Phonemic blending

Sound Comparison

Rhyming

Comparison of beginnings & ending

Rhyming

SongsNursery RhymesRiddlesBooks Visuals

Book – Hungry Thing

Comparison

Initial consonant

Final consonant

Segmentation

Counting PronouncingDeletingAddingChanging

Stretching – Elkonin Method

Stretching – Hope’s Method

Phonemic Blending

One Skill Only

Teacher says separate sounds and students put sounds together to identify word.

WORD RECOGNITION

The speed and accuracy in decoding and recognition of words are significant factors in improved reading comprehension.

Phonetic decodingHigh Frequency Words

Reading material changes as children enter higher grades.

Phonetic Decoding

Synthetic

r - e - d

k - n -o – w ?

Analytic

- pronounceable word-parts

- building words

Other Methods

Analogy or Compare & Contrast

Structural Analysis

DISSECT

1. Discover the Context

2. Isolate the Prefix

3. Separate the Suffix

4. Say the Stem

5. Examine the Stem

Rules of 2’s and 3’s- starts with vowel

separate first 2 letters and read, continue

- starts with consonant

separate first 3 letters,

read, continue

trans at/lan/ tic

al ter/na/ tor

6. Check

7. Try Dictionary

Context Clues

I saw a cow at the farm.

I saw a cow at the farm.

I saw a cow at the farm.

High Frequency Words

Lacks meaning

Confused with other words

Spelling often not a clue

Word Wall Words

Methods for Teaching

Word Association

VAKT (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, tactile)

1. Find word in dictionary.

2. Teacher writes word on paper, saying syllables,

and traces word, saying syllables.

3. Student traces, saying syllables. Repeat….

4. Writes from memory.

5. Compares with teacher’s.

6. Word filed in box.

THE THREE P’S

When reading with a child, a method called The Three P’s is suggested for helping.

P - pauseP - promptP - praise

COMPREHENSION

Understand the meaning of text

Makes sense of the information

Strategy Instruction

Teacher: Explains strategy Demonstrates how to apply strategy Think aloud to model mental process

used when reading Guided practice

General Comprehension Methods

ConnectionsMaking predictionsMonitoring understandingVisualizingQuestioningRetelling/Summarizes

Connections

Connections to self, other text, to world

Connections to characters

New knowledge is constructed on basis of knowledge student already has.

Connection to Text

Connection to Characters

Methods of Connections

Web

Preview

KWL Chart

Making Predictions

Use prior knowledge and information to make logical guesses.

Revise predictions as they read.

Methods of Making Predictions

KWL

Preview

DRTA (Directed Reading-Thinking Activity)

McMillan Equation

Monitoring Understanding

Ability of reader to recognize when comprehension is breaking down and being able to “fix” it.

Methods of Monitoring Understanding

Mark points in text that are confusing and reread.

Determine interference and read ahead.

Check & Line HUH?

McMillans

Questioning

Questions are produced by reader as they read.

Methods: Ask about who, what, where, content &

problems QAR (Question/Answer Relationship) ERT (Everyone Read to…)

Visualization/Imaging

Reader creates a picture in mind to prompt understanding, recall and appreciation.

Imaging includes visual, auditory, or other senses.

Draw Picture McMillan Chart

Retelling/Summarizing

Readers identify main ideas and details of selections. Summary is main idea.

Prompts

- Pretend I never heard the story. Tell me it.

- Tell me what you learned from reading.

Retelling with Props

Inference

Reader reads between the lines.

Makes a judgment, discovers a theme, makes discoveries without direct comment from the writer.

Takes clues from the text.

Other Methods

DRA (Directed Reading Activity)DR-TA (Directed Reading-Thinking

Activity)SQ3RClozeGraphic Organizer

“Sometimes you have to put the science of reading on the side to enjoy the art of reading.”