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Reading Poetry
& Proverb
sReading the Poetry of the
Proverbs and similar Poetic Material in the
Bible
Segment 1
Reading Lectio DivinaReading with Four
SensesAn early way to read and study the Scriptures
Adapted to Modern Reading
Reading Lectio Divina• Early Church approach to reading• Steps
oListening to the text = LECTIO
oStudy of the text = MEDITATIO
oPraying of the text = ORATIO
o Incorporating the text =
CONTEMPLATIO
Practice Lectio = Listening
A wise child2 makes a father rejoice,3
but a foolish child4 is a grief to his mother.5
A
B
1ַׂש/,ַּמ-,ח־ָא)ב ְי ח)ָכ)ם ב-6ן
:9ו׃ ָא;ַּמ- -ַג,ת ת-ו ְיל -1ִס; ָכ -ב6ן וReading – Hear the Story!
Meditatio – Senses of the Text
A wise child2 makes a father rejoice,3
but a foolish child4 is a grief to his mother.5
A
B
1. Literal Sense 2. Spiritual Senses
1. Christological (OT)2. Virtues3. Hope
Our Focus
Oratio – Praying the Text
A wise child2 makes a father rejoice,3
but a foolish child4 is a grief to his mother.5
A
B
1ַׂש/,ַּמ-,ח־ָא)ב ְי ח)ָכ)ם ב-6ן
:9ו׃ ָא;ַּמ- -ַג,ת ת-ו ְיל -1ִס; ָכ -ב6ן וPrepared “Free” Prayer
7
HermeneuticalGap
Contemplatio - Remembrance
Divine‘dbr’ דבר
Human WordSigns ‘dbr’
דבר
Sermon
Song
Recital
Prayers
TI
ME
GAP
זָכר
Segment 2
Reading Wisdom as Part of the Story
The Genre of InstructionAll Scripture speaks of the Story of God’s Works
in Creation
Proverbs’ Outline and Argument
• 1:1-7 Promise of Wisdom
Working in Bible Program
• 1:8-9:31 Invitation to Wisdom
• 10:1-29:27 Wisdom to Ponder
• 30:1-31:31 Wisdom’s Conclusion
Genre Structure
Historical OT BooksGospel
sActs
LIT
UR
GIC
AL
GE
NR
E
WIS
DO
M G
EN
RE
PR
OP
HE
TIC
GE
NR
E
EP
IST
OL
AR
Y G
EN
RE
AP
OC
ALY
PT
IC
GE
NR
E
REMEMBRANCE - Through Recital, Liturgy, Education and Hope
Wisdom = Transition Literature
Listening to Traditionwhat has been observed as true – how proverbs originatedListening and learning (Estes)
The power of thoughts and words
The Learner and Teacher must
be willing to receive (lãqach = to take) 1:3 – 2:1 – 4:1To attend to (qãshab – pay attention) 2:2To hear (shama’ – to listen) 1:5 – 1:8 etc.
Must decideTwo women
Must embraceWisdom’s value – gold, precious ornaments – shalomHer disciplines
Make loving appeal
“My son / child” see 4:1 in particular - lovinglyPassionate invitationLength of Pro 1-9Uses arguments etc.
Warn - realismLife and death issue
Have Experience
In wisdomIn life
Segment 3
Reading the Genre ofProverbial Wisdom
Reading Between the Lines
Basics to Read Proverbs
When line A is so
Line B is even more so
A
B
1ַׂש/,ַּמ-,ח־ָא)ב ְי ח)ָכ)ם ב-6ן
:9ו׃ ָא;ַּמ- -ַג,ת ת-ו ְיל -1ִס; ָכ -ב6ן וKugel’s Rule
15
The Bi-Cola Proverb
Line A
Line B
NarrativeInterplay
Previous Proverb ???
Next Proverb ???
ENCLOSUREInclusio
Proverbs – (a)-symmetrical
Pro 10:1A A wise son makes a glad father; B but a foolish son is the sorrow of his mother.
A Treasures of wickedness profit nothing;
B but righteousness delivers from death.
A Jehovah will not allow the soul of the righteous to go hungry; B but He casts away the desire of the wicked.
Perry’s analysis of Admonition
A GOOD is GOOD + +
B BAD is BAD -- --
Z BAD is GOOD -- +
Y GOOD is BAD + --
Admonition Proverbs 10:1
A Wise child brings joy to parent + +
B Foolish child is grief to parent -- --
Z Foolish child brings joy to parent -- +
Y Wise child brings grief to parent + --
Admonition Proverbs 10:1
A Wise child brings joy to parent Samuel/Hannah
B Foolish child is grief to parent Absalom/David
Z Foolish child brings joy to parent Esau/Isaac
Y Wise child brings grief to parent Jonathan/Saul
Wisdom Literature
Prov 15:14 (Hebrew order) – When A is so – B is even more so
A The heart of the learner (+) seeks knowledge, (+)
B but the mouth of fools (-)feeds (grazes) on foolishness.(-)
Wisdom Literature - riddles
Eccl 7:1
A A good name (is preferred more +) than ointment (that is) good ?
B So the day of death + than the day of one's birth. ?
Proverbs – Multi-line 30:18-19
A Three things are hard to me, B and the fourth I am utterly ignorant of.
The way of an eagle in the air, The way of a serpent upon a rock, The way of a ship in the midst of the sea,
And the way of a man with a maiden
Proverbs – Multi-line 30:18-19
4 the way of a man with a maiden!
3 The way of a ship in the midst of the sea
2 The way of a serpent upon a rock
1 The way of an eagle in the air,
B and the fourth I am utterly ignorant of.
A Three things are hard to me,
CL
IMA
CT
IC
Poetic Forms in Proverbs (Williams)
Juxtaposition of imagesKnower of the righteous of life of his beastAnd compassion of wicked cruel
The righteous person (regards) the breath of his animalAnd (But) the compassion of the wicked (is) cruel
Rejecter of discipline despiser of his soulAnd hearer of reproof acquirer of mind
He who rejects discipline throws his life awayBut he who accepts criticism (correction) acquires a mind
Poetic Forms in Proverbs (Williams)
Juxtaposition of images (11:22; 25:2)Gold ring in nose of wild pigPretty woman and lacking taste
A pig with a golden ring in his noseSo a pretty woman without discretion (ability to ‘taste’)
Glory of God to conceal wordGlory of kings to search word
God’s glory is to conceal meaning (word–thing–matter)Kings’ glory in unsealing meaning
Poetic Forms in Proverbs (Williams)
Inter-textuality of images (18:21)Death and life in hand of tongueAnd her lovers will eat her fruit
Image of “hand of tongue”Image of ‘lovers’ -Image of tongue as a tree producing fruit to death and life -
Inter-textual possibilities• Death and life – in the tree of Good and Evil – Genesis 2• The fruit eaten which produced ‘life but also death.’ –
Genesis 3• See James 3
READING PROVERBS 10
The complexity of Proverbs 10
Righteous – 14xWicked – 13xFountain of life - 1xBlameless - 2xCrooked – 1xEvildoer – 1xPerverse tongue – 1xWise – 3xDiscerning (man) – 2xCompetent – 2xSluggard – 1xDisgraceful son – 1xHateful person – 1xLoving person – 1x
Diligent worker – 1xLazy worker – 1xTalker – 1xWho fears the Lord – 1xWho gathers in summer 1xWho sleeps in harvest 1xWho winks with eye 1xSimpleton – 4xWho governs his lips 1xFool – 3xWho covers hatred – 1xWho speaks falsely – 1xSenseless person – 1xPoor – 1x Rich – 1x
The 4 main characters in Proverbs 10
WiseMakes father glad 1Works hard-earns 4, 5Hears commandments 8Stores knowledge 13Governs lips 19
FoolGrieves his mother 1Lazy and poor 4, 5 Babbles 8Mouth of ruin 13Multitude of words 19
RighteousDelivered from death 2Blessings on his head 6Name continues 7Love – covers sin 12
WickedTreasures not profit 2Violence 6He will rot 7Hatred – fights 12
Example of ‘speech’ proverbs in ch. 10
(Pro 10:11) The mouth of a righteous one is a well of life; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked.(Pro 10:18) He who hides hatred with lying lips, and he who speaks a slander, is a fool.(Pro 10:19) In the multitude of words, sin is not lacking; but he who holds back his lips is wise.(Pro 10:31) The mouth of the just brings forth wisdom; but the perverse tongue shall be cut out.(Pro 10:32) The lips of the righteous know what is pleasing; but the mouth of the wicked what is contrary.
Example of ‘speech’ proverbs in ch. 10
(Pro 10:8) The wise in heart will receive commandments; but a babbling fool shall fall.(Pro 10:10) He who winks the eye causes sorrow; but a babbling fool shall fall.(Pro 10:13) In the lips of him who has understanding, wisdom is found; but a rod is for the back of him who is without understanding.(Pro 10:14) Wise ones store up knowledge; but the mouth of the foolish is near ruin.
Cluster 1 in Pro 10
(1)A wise son makes a glad father; but a foolish son is the sorrow of his
mother.(2) Treasures of wickedness profit nothing; but righteousness delivers from death.(3) Jehovah will not allow the soul of the
righteous to go hungry; but He casts away the desire of the wicked.(4)He who deals with a lazy hand becomes
poor; but the hand of the hard worker makes rich.(5)He who gathers in summer is a wise son; (6)but he who sleeps in harvest is a son who
causes shame.
Cluster 1 in Pro 10
(1)A wise son makes a glad father; but a foolish son is the sorrow of his
mother.(2) Treasures of wickedness profit nothing; but righteousness delivers from death.(3) Jehovah will not allow the soul of the
righteous to go hungry; but He casts away the desire of the wicked.(4)He who deals with a lazy hand becomes
poor; but the hand of the hard worker makes rich.(5)He who gathers in summer is a wise son; (6)but he who sleeps in harvest is a son who
causes shame.
Cluster 1 in Pro 10
(1)A wise son makes a glad father; but a foolish son is the sorrow of his
mother.(2) Treasures of wickedness profit nothing; but righteousness delivers from death.(3) Jehovah will not allow the soul of the
righteous to go hungry; but He casts away the desire of the wicked.(4)He who deals with a lazy hand becomes
poor; but the hand of the hard worker makes rich.(5)He who gathers in summer is a wise son; (6)but he who sleeps in harvest is a son who
causes shame.
Cluster 1 in Pro 10
1a+ A wise son makes a glad father; 1b- but a foolish son is the sorrow of his
mother.2a- Treasures of wickedness profit nothing; 2b+ but righteousness delivers from death.3a+ Jehovah will not allow the soul of the
righteous to go hungry; 3b- but He casts away the desire of the
wicked.4a- He who deals with a lazy hand becomes
poor;4b+ but the hand of the hard worker makes
rich.5a+ He who gathers in summer is a wise
son; 5b- but he who sleeps in harvest is a son
who causes shame.
Central is the Jahweh-saying
Cluster 2 in Pro 10
6 Blessings are on the head of the just; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked. 7 The memory of the just is blessed; but the name of the wicked shall rot. 8 The wise in heart will receive commandments; but a babbling fool shall fall. 9 He who walks uprightly walks surely; but he who twists his ways shall be known. 10 He who winks the eye causes sorrow; but a babbling fool shall fall. 11 The mouth of a righteous one is a well of life; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked.
Cluster 2 in Pro 10
6 Blessings are on the head of the just; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked. 7 The memory of the just is blessed; but the name of the wicked shall rot. 8 The wise in heart will receive commandments; but a babbling fool shall fall. 9 He who walks uprightly walks surely; but he who twists his ways shall be known. 10 He who winks the eye causes sorrow; but a babbling fool shall fall. 11 The mouth of a righteous one is a well of life; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked.
Cluster 2 in Pro 10
6 Blessings are on the head of the just; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked. 7 The memory of the just is blessed; but the name of the wicked shall rot. 8 The wise in heart will receive commandments; but the one with foolish lips shall fall. 9 He who walks uprightly walks surely; but he who twists his ways shall be known. 10 He who winks the eye causes sorrow; but the one with foolish lips shall fall. 11 The mouth of a righteous one is a well of life; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked.
Cluster 2 in Pro 10
6 Blessings are on the head of the just; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked.
7 The memory of the just is blessed; but the name of the wicked shall rot.
8 The wise in heart will receive commandments; but the one with foolish lips shall fall.
9 He who walks uprightly walks surely; but he who twists his ways shall be known.
10 He who winks the eye causes sorrow; but the one with foolish lips shall fall.
11 The mouth of a righteous one is a well of life; but violence covers the mouth of the wicked.
Cluster 3 in Pro 10
12 Hatred stirs up fights, but love covers all sins.
13 In the lips of him who has understanding, wisdom is found; but a rod is for the back of him who is without understanding.
14 Wise ones store up knowledge; but the mouth of the foolish is near ruin.
15 The rich man's wealth is his strong city; the ruin of the poor is their poverty.
16 The labor of the righteous tends to life; the fruit of the wicked tends to sin.
17 He who keeps instruction is in the way of life; but he who refuses reproof goes astray.
18 He who hides hatred with lying lips, and he who speaks a slander, is a fool.
Clusters in Pro 10
10:19 In the multitude of words, sin is not lacking; but he who holds back his lips is wise. 20 The tongue of the just is as choice silver; the heart of the wicked is worth little. 21 The lips of the righteous feed many; but fools die for lack of wisdom. 22 The blessing of Jehovah itself makes rich, and He adds no sorrow with it.
Clusters in Pro 1010:23 To work out evil devices is as laughter to a fool;
so wisdom is to a man of understanding. 24 What the wicked fears shall come upon him; but
the desire of the righteous shall be granted. 25 As the storm passes, so the wicked is no more; but
the righteous is an everlasting foundation. 26 Like vinegar to the teeth, and like smoke to the
eyes, so is the sluggard to those who send him. 27 The fear of Jehovah prolongs days; but the years of
the wicked shall be shortened. 28 The hope of the righteous is gladness; but the
hope of the wicked shall perish. 29 The way of Jehovah is strength to the upright; but
ruin is to the workers of iniquity. 30 The righteous shall never be moved; and the
wicked shall not live in the earth.
Clusters in Pro 10
31The mouth of the just brings forth wisdom;
but the perverse tongue shall be cut out.
32The lips of the righteous know what is pleasing;
but the mouth of the wicked what is contrary.
Use of a Journal
• Use a study sheet• Use a Internet ProgramoE-SwordoWordoLogos