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Real global warming impact and GWP of HFO’sAlexander Cohr Pachai, Johnson Controls Denmark
Thanks to Asbjørn Vonsild for calculating GWP values
Global warming is one element in a big debate
The Montreal Protocol now includes new refrigerant families
Montreal Protocol
ChlorineODP regulationsYes
Class 1
R11R12R13
R502
Yes
GWP regulations
Class 2HCFC 22
HCFC 123
No
No
Higher GWPR134aR125R143a
Medium GWPR32
R152a
Low GWPR-1234yfR-1234ze
R-1336mzz(Z)
Medium GWP BlendsR444B R456AR454A R513AR452B R459A
High GWP blendsR404A/R507
R410AR422D
Lower GWP BlendsR457AR454CR455A
One components
Blends
ChlorinatedLow
ODP&GWPR1233zd
We all make mistakes
NameLifetime (Days)
Radiative Efficiency (Year)
Molar mass
GWP 100year
R-1270 0.35a 0.035b 42.08 0.0497R-290 10 0.0031 44.1 0.1773R-1130(E) 65 0.01 96.938 1.1301R1233zd(E) 26 0.04 130.494 1.3432R-1234yf 10.5 0.02 114.043 0.3103R1234ze(E) 16.4 0.04 114.043 0.9694R1336mzz(Z) 22 0.07 164.05 1.5821a WMO 2011, b OJN_225, lifetime 0.44 day
WMO in 2014 writes:
The breakdown products
Fluid name Halo-olefin Intermediate products Final products
R-1234yf CF3-CF=CH2 CF3(O)F, HCHO CF3C(O)OH, CO2, HF
R-1234ze(E) Trans-CF3-CH=CHF CF3C(O)H, HC(O)F CO2, HC(O)OH, HF
R-1216 CF3-CF=CF2 CF3C(O)F, COF2 CF3C(O)OH, CO2, HF
R-1233zd(E) E-CF3-CH=CHCL CF3C(O)H, HC(O)Cl, HCl, CF3CH=CHOH CO2, HCL, HF
R-1233zd(Z) Z-CF3-CH=CHCl CF3C(O)H, HC(O)Cl, HCl, CF3CH=CHOH CO2, HCl, HF
Summarising the situation
GWP – a moving target
The new series are complicated
Examples only
R1270 R1261 R1252 R1243 R1234 R1225 R1216
R1260 R1251 R1242 R1233 R1224 R1215
R1250 R1241 R1232 R1223 R1214
R1240 R1231 R1222 R1213
R1230 R1221 R1212
R1220 R1211
R1210
Fully flourinated
Flully chlorinated
4 sub var7 sub var
13 sub var
HC
Safe handling of flammable refrigerants
Safe handling of flammable refrigerants
Low GWP media in the atmosphere
GWP20 or GWP100 – Without or with breakdown products
no-breakdown with-breakdownGWP 100Year GWP 100year
Propylene R1270 0.0617a 1.8HFC-1234yf 0.3516 ?HFC-1234ze(E) 0.9531 ?a Calculated according to the method of IPCC 5 based on data from OJN_225
GWP20 or GWP100 – Without or with breakdown products
Name Lifetime Radiative Efficiency Molar mass GWP 20 GWP 100W m-2 ppb-1 g mol-1
R-1130(E) 65 days 0.01 96.938 4.1544 1.1301R-1233zd(E) 26 days 0.04 130.494 4.9377 1.3432R-1234yf 10,5 days 0.02 114.043 1.1409 0.3103R-1234ze(E) 16,4 days 0.04 114.043 3.5639 0.9694R-1336mzz(Z) 22 days 0.07 164.05 5.8161 1.5821R-170 45 days 0.0032 30.069 2.9671 0.8071R-290 10 days 0.0031 44.096 0.4356 0.1185R-600 4,7 days 0.0047 58.122 0.2355 0.0641R-1270 0,44 days 0.035 42.08 0.2267 0.0617
Alarm in the machine room
Detectors
In conclusion
› Safe handling of the new low-GWP refrigerants is important
› The standards are in place but not well implemented in the training and education system
› The long term impacts of a wider use of these new refrigerants are not well understood – yet
› Many initiatives are looking in to the issue
