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Real Time AutomaticIrrigation System

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Organisation of thePresentation

• Introduction• Block Diagram• Interfaces• Soil Moisture Sensor• Solenoid Valve• Relays• Result• Future Scope• pplications

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Introduction• griculture is the oldest occupation in the

!orld"• #e are una$le to make full use of

agricultural resources"• %he main reason is the lack of rains &

scarcity of land reservoir !ater"•

%his pro'ect helps in time saving andremoval of human error in ad'ustingavaila$le soil moisture levels"

• %he goal of this pro'ect is to automate the

irrigation system !ith the help of !ireless

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Interfaces

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Sensor Interface

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Sensor Interface ()ont"d*• Four Soil moisture sensors are e+cited $y

giving po!er supply of ,V each and isconnected to lo!er four $its of Port "

• %he sensor senses the amount of moisturepresent in the soil and presents an outputin the form of analog voltage"

• %he average of all the sensor values isused to decide the condition of the relay!hich controls the valve and thus !ateringthe -eld for prede-ned amount of time"

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Relay Interface

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Relay Interface• %he computed average sensor value !ill $e

compared !ith the prede-ned thresholdvalue and the code decides the duration for

!hich the -eld is to $e !atered"• %he pin .ero of Port B acts as the output pin

!hich is given as a control input to the relay"• %he relay s!itches $et!een the On or O/

condition thus controlling the 0o! of !aterfrom the solenoid for that particular amountof time"

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1igBee Interface

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1igBee Interface ()ont"d*

• 1igBee is a type of !ireless communicationmodule !hich is connected tomicrocontroller using RS232"

• nother 1igBee transceiver is connected toremote P) using the RS232 ca$le"

• %he packet received $y the P) is processed

and the sensor values and the relay statusis sho!n on the P)"• %he sensor values are plotted on a graph

for data logging"

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Soil Moisture Sensor• resistance $lock measures soil !ater tension"• #hen the soil is dry it is not possi$le for

electricity to pass $et!een the pro$es5 thus

making the pro$e an insulator"• s !ater is added to the soil more electrons canpass $et!een the pro$es thus reducing theresistance $et!een the pro$es !hen it is fullysaturated"

• By using this range of values you can determinethe amount of !ater than e+ists in your soil"

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Sensor )ali$ration %he cali$ration of all sensors !as done at room temperature(26 degrees )elsius*" %he po!er supply to the sensors !as,"78 volts"

R9,7 :; V RI B%IOM=%=R*)9227?F

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Solenoid Valve@ Input

sideB@Diaphragm)@ Pressure

cham$erD@ Pressurereliefconduit=@ SolenoidF@ Outputside

A solenoid valve is an electromechanical valve for usewith liquid or gas. The valve is controlled byan electric current through a solenoid.

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Relays

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Relays ()ont"d*

• relay is an electrical s!itch that opens andcloses under the control of another electricalcircuit"

• relay is a$le to control an output circuit ofhigher po!er than the input circuit"

• By default !hen there is no e+citation in the coilthe >) and ) are connected through the contact

internally"• #hen the coil is e+cited $y providing the

reAuired coil voltage5 the contact s!itches fromthe >) to >O side"

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Result• %he Microcontroller $ased irrigation system

proves to $e a real time feed$ack controlsystem !hich monitors and controls all the

activities of drip irrigation system e ciently"• %he present proposal is a model to

moderni.e the agriculture industries on asmall scale !ith optimum e+penditure"

• Csing this system5 one can save manpo!er5!ater to improve production and ultimatelypro-t"

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Future Scope•

dvanced soil moisture level sensor• %emperature5 humidity and pressure

compensations• Di/erent !ater reAuirements for di/erent types

of soil• Di/erent !ater reAuirements for di/erent crops

and seasons• Determine the need for fertili.ers $ased on crops

and soil• Facility to add minerals and fertili.ers to the soil

as reAuired

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pplications• %he primary applications for this pro'ect are forfarmers and gardeners !ho do not have enoughtime to !ater their crops plants"

• It also covers those farmers !ho are !asteful of!ater during irrigation"

• %he pro'ect can $e e+tended to greenhouses!here manual supervision is far and fe! in$et!een"

• %he principle can $e e+tended to create fullyautomated gardens and farmlands"

• In agricultural lands !ith severe shortage ofrainfall5 this model can $e successfully applied toachieve great results !ith most types of soil"

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Thank You