Directorate General of Early Childhood Education and Community Education
Ministry of Education and Culture, Republic of Indonesia
Realising Quality Early Childhood Education and Parenting
in Indonesia: Pitfalls and Strategies
Harris Iskandar Director General
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Demographic Dividend:Embracing the Golden Generation after 100 years of Indonesia’s Independence
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10,0
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30,0
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80,0
90,0
100,0
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50 000
100 000
150 000
200 000
250 000
300 000
350 000
19
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19
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19
65
19
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90
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95
20
00
20
05
20
10
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15
20
20
20
25
20
30
20
35
Penduduk Dependency Ratio
Source: United Nations (2013)
Number of population (000)
De
pe
nd
en
cy r
atio
Note: Dependency ratio: Number of population aged 65+ + 0-14 / Number of population aged 15-64
Citizen
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Stunting
Indonesia, the fourth largest
country in the world with
stunting prevalence
27.67%#4Nearly 9 million Indonesian children
under five are stunted
OR 1 in 3 toddlers is a stunted baby
Stunting is a chronic malnutrition,
where under-fives have high
growth standards below the
normal age population
(Source: Basic Health Research, Ministry of Health 2019)
Source: World Bank Investing in Early Years brief, 2016
Stunting
Assessment conducted in 2012 by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development - Programme for International Student
Assessment) on the competencies of 510,000 students aged 15 years from 65
countries (including Indonesia) in the fields of reading, mathematics, and
science.
Children’s Brain Cell
Normal Stunted
Indonesian
children’s level of
“Intelligence”
ranked 64th from 65
countries
has a strong impact on each child’s level of intelligence, vulnerability to disease,
and productivity. It also inhibits economic growth and increases poverty and
inequality.
2
17
50
52
64
Singapura
Vietnam
Thailand
Malaysia
Indonesia
International evidence shows that stunting …
Worsen existing gap/inequality
Creates 11% loss of GDP Reduces the acceleration of adult workers by up to 20%
Reduces 10% of the total lifetime income
Creates intergenerational poverty
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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The Golden Age
Human brain development from infant to adult (Nutton et. al., 2011)
• The basic formation of various cognitive
abilities is formed during childhood.
However, cognitive abilities are most
sharply increased in early childhood and
slowed as a teenager.
• Early childhood is the most important
stage of human life (Greenough, et. al
1972).
• Investment in education, especially
ECCE, is believed to be the key factor in
determining the ability of nation states to
hold their own in a globalised world (Bell and Stevenson, 2007).
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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National Participation in Early Childhood Education
National ECE GER for children aged 3-6:
38.91%*
- 1,00 2,00 3,00 4,00
Banten
D.K.I. Jakarta
Sumatera Utara
Jawa Barat
Lampung
Papua Barat
Nusa Tenggara Timur
Riau
Kalimantan Timur
Kalimantan Selatan
Kalimantan Tengah
Sulawesi Utara
Sulawesi Tengah
Sumatera Barat
Jambi
Jawa Timur
Gorontalo
ECE GER, 0-2 y.o
National ECE GER for children aged 0-2:
0.59%
0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00
Papua
Maluku
Nusa Tenggara Timur
Kepulauan Riau
Riau
Sumatera Utara
Kalimantan Timur
Maluku Utara
Aceh
Jawa Barat
Sulawesi Selatan
Lampung
Jambi
Sulawesi Barat
Kalimantan Selatan
Jawa Tengah
Jawa Timur
ECE GER, 3-6 y.o
- 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00
Papua
Maluku
Sumatera Utara
Nusa Tenggara Timur
Kepulauan Riau
Riau
Jawa Barat
Aceh
Sumatera Barat
Sulawesi Tenggara
Sulawesi Barat
Jambi
Jawa Tengah
Bali
Nusa Tenggara Barat
Kalimantan Tengah
Gorontalo
ECE GER, 5-6 y.o
National ECE GER for children aged 5-6:
43.35%*Note: Islamic ECCE Centres included
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Sumber: Dapodik PAUD dan Dikmas (2019) smt genap 30 Juni 2019
Statistical Figures in ECE, 2015-2019
86.868 89.718 92.035 92.202 92.703
77.838 81.549 84.497 84.000
84.484
2.958 3.065 3.124 3.022
22.496
21.808 22.536 23.132 22.671
3.019
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Number of ECE Centres
TK KB TPA SPS
2.137.638
3.078.075 3.744.348 3.813.372 3.717.169
891.525 1.263.925
1.925.500 2.138.676 2.101.653
25.205 34.037 52.075 55.611 54.040 259.737
365.784 564.009 616.749
568.394
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Number of Students
TK KB TPA SPS
186.746
281.136 296.192
292.483 276.519
149.750
177.028 221.961
197.170 184.730
7.579 7.743 8.996 7.334 6.938
55.649 54.096 68.238 60.706 56.114
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Number of Teachers
TK KB TPA SPS
298 715 854 2.162 1.514
4.339 4.944
17.826
1.127 2.840 3.198
10.144
287 175 56 109
2015 2016 2017 2018
Accreditation
A B C Tidak TerakreditasiNot accredited
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Teachers’ Qualification and Competency
• Around 34% of kindergarten teachers and more than 46% of Raudlatul Athfal teachers do not have bachelor degree.
• Regarding parenting education, there is no requirement for the competency for the parenting educators across the country.
Master Bachelor Diploma High School Junior School
% 0,66 33,16 12,68 48,69 4,81
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Number of ECCE Educators Based on Qualification (%)
Source: MoEC, 2018.
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Pregnant Mothers
Potential Targets of Parenting
Number of families 84,236,127(MoHA, 2019)
Parents with 0-2 year old children
Number of students at school
51,873,501 people
Number of children and youth 19,835,549 people
4,810,130 people
9,378,328 People
Ministry of Health, 2018
Ministry of Health, 2018
MoEC, 2018
MoEC, 2018
Commitments on ECCE
Goal 4.2
By 2030, ensure that all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and preprimary education so
that they are ready for primary education.
SDG 4: Quality
Education
The United Nations
Convention on the Rights
of the Child
Article 3, Paragraph 2:
States Parties undertake to ensure the child such
protection and care as is necessary for his or her
well-being
SEAMEO
Priority Areas
Priority Area 1:
Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE)
Presidential
Decrees
GLOBAL REGIONAL NATIONAL
• Presidential Decree Number 59/2017 on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
• Presidential Decree Number 87/2017 on Strengthening Character Education
• Presidential Decree Number 60/2013 on Holistic Integrative Early Childhood Care and Education.
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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One Village One ECE Centre
63.245 have access to 1 year compulsory preprimary education
Percentage of One
Village One ECE Centre
75.73%
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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One Village One ECE Centre
Improving
Access Strengthening
Governance
Enhancing
Quality
• Developing new ECE Centresin frontier, outermost and leastdeveloped regions (3T)
• Achieving Social Equitythrough ECCE: Learning fromChina
• Improving ECCE teachers’ competencies in collaboration with higher education institutions
• Providing Continuing Professional Development (CPD) programme for heads of ECE Centres
• Developing a Structured and StandardisedParenting Education Services
• Providing Professional Development programme for Educators of ECE Centresabout Parenting Services.
• Collaboration between MoEC and Ministry of Religious Affairs (MoRA).
• Integrating data on students, teachers and non-teaching staff, number and distribution of institutions, operational permits, and the implementation of ECCE curriculum.
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Parenting
• Council of the European Union (2013) states that parent-
school engagement is a lever factor for improving
educational and societal outcomes.
• At European level, aspects of support for parenting
education were present in the Lisbon Strategy and were
taken forward in its successor strategy, Europe 2020.
• The Indonesian Government through The Ministry of
Education established the Directorate of Family
Education with the objective to support the relationship
between parents and their children (parenting skills),
parents and school (collaboration and accountability),
parent involvement engagement of children education,
and to develop the Trisentra of education.
• Numbers of regulation have been formulated (i.e. Minister
of Education and Culture Number 30/2017) in order to
ensure parenting education is available for parents and
young children.
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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1 Strengthening child-centered ECCE policy
2 A campaign for change of paradigm
3 Enhancing ECCE quality for children aged 0-2 years old
4 Improving ECCE quality for children aged 3-6 years old
5 Expanding access to ECCE for children aged 5-6 years old
6 Strengthening the role of the local government and ECCE
Ambassador (Bunda PAUD)
7 Integrating ECCE data system
8 Analysing and adjusting ECCE budget
8 Policy Interventions
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Roadmap for Parenting Development, 2020-2024
• Strengthening family
education programmes (380
districts/cities)
• Parents have access to family
education programmes
(71.32%)
• Developing IT-based family
education programmes
• Expanding parent classes
based on education
centres and community
• Strengthening parenting
classes based on
education centres and
community
• Strengthening governance
2019baseline
2020
• Completing assistance
to districts/cities in
implementing family
education services (514
districts/cities)
• Strengthening provincial
and district/city family
education working
groups
• Developing IT-based
family education
programmes
• Strengthening
governance
2021• Strengthening provincial and district / city family
education working groups
• Developing IT-based family education
programmes
• Strengthening governance
2022 2023
2024
• Strengthening
parenting classes
based on education
centres and
community
• Cultivating
parenting classes
based on education
centres and
community
• Strengthening
governance
• Expanding
parenting classes
based on education
centres and
community
• Strengthening
parenting classes
based on education
centres and
community
• Strengthening
governance
Goal
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Our New Centre: SEAMEO CECCEP
A regional research, advocacy and
capacity building centre of excellence in
early childhood care & education and parenting
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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SEAMEO CECCEP
Vision
• A regional research, advocacy and capacity building center of excellence in early childhood care education and parenting.
Mission
• Enhance regional and global commitments to quality early childhood education and parenting through:
• Conducting research that supports advocacy and capacity building among stakeholders of ECCE and parenting;
• Supporting the development of regional policy and programs;
• Building partnership networks of policy-makers, professionals and practitioners;
• Promoting sustainable human resource development in the SEAMEO region to benefit children, families and professional stakeholders in each member country
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Parenting Village: Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan
1. No phone and TV at 6-9 PM
2. Family time
3. Playing and learning each other
4. Greeting and smiling to each other
5. Parent involvement at schools
Directorate General of ECE & Community Education
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Conclusion
1. ECCE is a critical stage that lays the foundation for adulthood. SDGs
ensure that by 2030 all young girls and boys will receive early childhood
education with good quality.
2. The Government of Indonesia is strongly committed to facilitate
children’s holistic growth and development.
3. Parenting in this highly digitalised era is quite challenging.
4. A strong networking among ECCE and parenting practitioners, parents,
trainers, researchers, and policy makers is crucially needed.
Directorate General of Early Childhood Education and Community Education
Thank you!
